"The King and the God" - Proto-Indo-European spoken

[@blingblang1234]

On his way home, the king thought, "Well, that was easier than expected."

[@eyx9421]

lol

[@MidnightBlue766]

In the original Vedic account, Varuna (Wérunos) demands the son (Rohita) of the King (Harishchandra) as a sacrifice. King Harishchandra tries to stall until Prince Rohita is an adult, until Varuna finally has enough of it and finally demands Rohita as a sacrifice. Rohita flees into the woods and meets a poor sage named Ajigarta, and agrees to exchange places with Ajigarta's son Shunahshepa in exchange for a large herd of cattle (which was the currency of Vedic India). As he's readied for sacrifice, Shunahshep repeats [other] Vedic mantras, and Ushas, the goddess of the dawn, frees him, and he goes on to become a famous prophet. (Or, at least, that's the condensed version)

[@RexGalilae]

And the god Werunos decreed, "It is required of thee to nut in thy woman. Thou spillest thy seed on thy crusty sofa. The hell is wrong with thee?"

[@MappingRobloxAnimations]

666 likes

[@meusisto]

@@MidnightBlue766 What is the source, please?

[@Malkmusianful]

the final level of language: speaking this

[@wyindywidualizowanahumanistka]

I totally agree

[@shane8037]

@@wherethetreegrows Late 1800s some zionists thought it would help. I guess it did.

[@Nordisk11]

Proto-Human: 🗿

[@andybee29]

They say this was how English evolved/began

[@cyrus8886]

@@andybee29 not just English all Indo European langauges (English/French/Russian/Persian/hindi..... etc)

[@CusterFlux]

Glad we lost H3 … it sounds like a raccoon getting a prostate exam: but just to freak out my friends, it'd be fun to learn to pronounce it - any good places on-line to learn this stuff?

[@Quellant1]

Bah, I suppose so. xD I interpret it as a labialized pharyngeal [ʕʷ], but many people disagree. I'd recommend checking out Wikipedia's IPA consonant chart. It's got some decent audio. Also check out the consonant inventory on the "Proto-Indo-European Phonology" Wikipedia article.

[@samishaniyy]

CusterFlux, I'm offended as an Arab... but in Arabic we don't pronounce the h3 hardly

[@vajamasaurusrex]

haha, to be fair though, it doesn't sound anything like labialized voiced pharyngeal approximant should

[@rokujadotorupata4408]

@@samishaniyy yeah arabic voiced pharyngeal aiyn doesn't sound that hard , i guess the guy in the video learned it so it sounded harder

[@Jayman2800]

I know H3 to be pronounced with a raising laryngeal (I believe that is the term) a good example is the "op" sound in Psy's "gangnam style" so my interpretation of "h3reks" sounds more like "awhreks"

[@notexactlyrocketscience]

Oh look, someone who doesn't sound like an English tourist reading from a foreign language guide for a change. Excellent job, and best I've heard as well.

[@squigoo]

"foreign language guide"

[@MultiSciGeek]

Seriously? I agree with you, but this was horrible as well.

[@JohnDoe-fo3fn]

Levlobotomy is excited by the exotic sound is all. He doesn't know any more what he is talking about than any other random commenters here.

[@frzferdinand72]

You were thinking of Xidnaf's version lol

[@wezzuh2482]

@aattitude This. English is pretty peculiar with its heavy dipthongisation, and rhotic sounds.

[@016329]

I love how one line will bring to mind Romance langages and the next Germanic ones and so on, it’s magical!

[@android175]

ImprovedWikiImprovment Wiki This is the mother language for India as well.

[@willfedder864]

Of course, it's not really magical! The Romance and Germanic languages are outcomes of the development of the real PIE! I'm sure there's a ton of Greek and Sanskrit here as well. Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit have much older written records than others. Latin is essentially "proto-Romance" and classical greek is an ancestor of modern greek, but we don't have any written proto-Germanic or proto-Slavic.

[@tiramisu7544]

@@willfedder864 we do have some written Common Germanic rune writing though

[@t_ylr]

Yup I took biblical Greek in college and you can hear bits and pieces of that too.

[@DG_5856]

Yeah, i understood like two or three words from this, there are some keltic sounding words aswell

[@Divine_R]

The ancient language of so many people’s ancestors. Sublime...

[@mason7031]

That h3 sounds so hilarious

[@wirag4680]

I know, right!

[@timeup2549]

It is likely wrong

[@hotelmario510]

@@timeup2549 Yeah like, I can't imagine someone actually speaking like this, it would be super inconvenient. An "aw" sound seems more plausible.

[@Y0za]

Sounds very much like the letter "ع" (ein) in Arabic but it's not very emphasised like the way he pronounces it.

[@konstantingeyst4568]

I have a suspicion it sounded more like Arabic and it does have such sounds

[@abinashdas6631]

The "tod hiesto" still survives in present day indo Aryan languages as tathastu

[@jeetmoitra9800]

Tears came down from my eyes when I heard it ❤️

[@AnirbanChakraborty44]

​@@jeetmoitra9800 So does the Potni... As Patni (Wife)

[@aumique]

I caught that too. In my native tongue (bengali) its tothastu.

[@extreme4642]

Tathastu 😊

[@ashwathraghavendra8155]

Varuna too

[@016329]

I can see bits from all of the Germanic and Romance languages I know in this, it’s fascinating. Like they’ve all been churned up together and this is the result.

[@underdawg2743]

No it's closer to Sanskrit

[@misteraxl1]

Hreks = Rex (latin) = King Deious = Deus (latin) = Dio/Dieu (Romance languages) = God. Suhxnus = Son (also Sin in Slavic languages) Pter = Pater (latin) = Father

[@pulawykazimierz]

plus Moj - Mój (Polish, Slavic) - My

[@VI-ck2eo]

Ulnhto is related to the verb VOLERE

[@VI-ck2eo]

Gnhietōd is related to English to know and to Latin NASCERE, which preserves de G in GNATVS

[@tedhubertcrusio372]

Leukos- Greek for white

[@s_quasimodo]

Prēkst = related to the English priest and the Italian prete. Nú = German nun and English now. Kwíd = Latin quod and English what. Leukós = English light and Latin lux. Pótnih² = Sanskrit and Hindi patni. It's incredibly fascinating

[@jasonclarke92]

If I just close my eyes and listen to this, it's amazing how many languages pop up in my mind as being recognised in this short clip. I mean I know this isn't actually what people spoke, and the real language could've been way different, but it's still crazy to think that it developed into so many languages spoken all over the world.

[@Novumvir]

The comparative method is very powerful and its reconstructions are very trustworthy. Although some things are likely wrong, we can safely assume PIE speakers actually did speak some way like that

[@ddsferd1628]

Thanks to horses, they helped our ancestors to conquer half of Eurasia.

[@pxolqopt3597]

​@@ddsferd1628and then a thousand years later the descendents of those men and women once in the same tribe are now killing eachother in pointless wars.

[@thefrostyone4851]

If I were to invent a language, this is what it would sound like.

[@Quellant1]

Awesome! :D

[@redwaldcuthberting7195]

Just learn P.I.E instead. ;)

[@parthiancapitalist2733]

Quellant do proto-Uralic next

[@thomasjansen5921]

Too many sounds, no one wants to speak it

[@korbinpupsky3334]

@@thomasjansen5921 PIE only has 14 consonants...

[@jamesdebearn4362]

Sounds like a couple of backwater Texans are preparing a spit roast and I don't mean a spit roast

[@Survivethejive]

Magic

[@heingaldr1666]

Survive the Jive Fancy meeting you here.😀

[@NJ12345413]

Serbian gamer Danilo It's pronounced like the 'j' in jeans in Sanskrit, not like a 'y'.

[@NIDELLANEUM]

INDOEUROPEAN

[@antediluvian2380]

Old Magic ...

[@seankessel3867]

You should do a video or 3 talking about the phonemes & reconstructed vocab of PIE. I'd seriously like some in depth discussion of how in the hell a human can make that H3 sound alone.

[@hakim5789]

I am a native Portuguese speaker and I will speak every word I have identified H(3)reks= Rei (King) Deiuos= Deus (God) Kwe= E (And, The pronunciation is similiar) Pter= Pai (Father) Kwíd= Que (What)

[@masterdeetectiv9520]

Hindi speaker here H(3)reks= raja (king) Deiuos= deva (god) Pter= pita (father) Kwíd = kya (what)

[@quantumpiss4206]

hreks = rex deiuos = deus -kwe = -que pter = pater kwid = quid (i am a native latin speaker)

[@mosterchife6045]

And all of those Portuguese words are derived from Latin

[@echuidor]

And in Sanskrit: H(3)réḱs - raja deiuós - deva kwe = ca (pronounced "cha") If you're wondering about how -kwe became -ca it's because in Satem languages like Sanskrit, the labialised consonants merged with the plain ones (-kwe => -ke), then velar consonants palatalised before front vowels (-ke => -ce), and finally in unstressed syllables, the vowels centralised to schwa (-ce => -ca)

[@imperialist4862]

@@quantumpiss4206 There are no native latin speakers??

[@flamebird2218]

Put the speed to 1.5; it sounds more natural.

[@mehoyminoy1326]

T S i tried 1.25 and it sounded too fast yet 1.5 seemed right oddly enough. It seemed as if two people were acting their roles out perfectly in a play but with 1.25 it felt more jumbled

[@dguy0386]

agreed it sounds much more natural that way!

[@अजिङ्क्यगोखले]

Wait. Does wife in PIE mean 'Potnih'? Because in Sanskrit and Hindi, wife means 'Patni'.

[@darushinya7295]

अजिङ्क्य गोखले Potnih probably means “lady”, “high ranking woman”. In Mycenaean Greek the word for lady is potnia ex. “Potnia Theron” “Lady of Beasts”

[@ppenmudera4687]

Well Sanskrit IS a daughter language of PIE, so it's not too surprising that their vocabularies are simmilar

[@sigma_wolfpack]

@Iskatel.Priklyucheniy khatun is turk word.

[@shawolzen4893]

Yes it came from that

[@ahemenidov1900]

In Slavic is: gos-podınĭa, which is probably Iranized phonetics of vĭś-potni "all-masteress, i. e. masteress of All". About VIś>GOs transition: compare to Persian words: VIrka > GOrg, VInāsa > GOnāh, VIraičati > GOrizad (vi~wei > gwe > gw~gu > go)

[@warhawkjah]

Hreks sounds like rex Latin for king.

[@Tetraxenonogold_II]

No kidding lol

[@Ari-nw3qy]

Also sounds like the Hindi word for king, "raja."

[@servantofaeie1569]

English: royal, regal, realm French: roi German: reich Hindi: raja Spanish: rey, real Portugese: rei, real i could go on...

[@Schizotypic]

Peashooter Winmo, well English and other Germanic languages have a pre indo european substratum, so that’s why our word “king” doesn’t exist in other languages. We stole it or more like, had it force fed to us by the French

[@porygonyt8014]

@Yoel Armas Macías Did the P.I.E makers copy and paste that part or something xD

[@CassandraPantaristi]

The fable post-Anatolian split without the laryngeals. To rēgs est. Soqe ṇgṇtós est, sū́numqe wḷnét so ghutérṃ pṛskét “Sū́nus moi génsetō!” ghutḗr nu rḗgei wewqét: “wécheswo ghi deiwóm Wérunom.” úpo pro rēgsqe deiwóm sésore deiwómqe wéchesto. “Kludhí moi, pətḗr Wérunē!” So nu kṃta diwós cāt. “Qid wḷnā́si?” “Wḷnāmi sū́num.” “Tódestu”, wewqét leukós deiwós. Rēgós pótnī ghi sū́num gégone.

[@scorpiocurse7969]

It is impressive how similar it is to Latin...the similarity between "gégone" and "gignor" stood out for me, in particular.

[@hadhamalnam]

The conjugations wlnasi and wlnami are precisely what they would be Sanskrit. I actually thought the i at the end might be an evolution of sanskrit because Latin doesn't have them, but I guess Latin lost that.

[@Redorikev_Ranovee]

That Tod hestu is much more similar to Sanskrit's tathāstu😮 0:51

[@hopeundertheblacksun]

This language is the ancestor of Sanskrit Other similar words King: hReiks,Raja God: diev,dev Father : Pter,Pita Lady: Pótnih,Patni

[@junenova1859]

that trilled "h3" sound is so fucking interesting, as are several of the phonemes used in this. Also, whoever is reading this is a fucking pro

[@TrialByDance]

50% of the comments- idiots who have no idea what PIE is 40% of the comments- insightful linguistics comments 10% of the comments- phlegm jokes

[@Purwapada]

. 1% of the comments- people like us summing up other peoples comments

[@calengo454]

pie is what i like eating

[@NoRdownInUSA]

@@calengo454lil bro i dont care about your stupid american life

[@csr9183]

Plot twist: Werunos is the one who impregnated the Queen.

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

You fucking shit

[@tfn212]

@@abhinavchauhan7864 I agree. He disrespect about god in descendant of PIE believe

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@@tfn212 yes

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@@tfn212 we worship him. We call him waruna

[@tfn212]

@@abhinavchauhan7864 Well. I'm Indonesian and Hinduism was living in our history, and still retrained in several regions, most notably Bali

[@guruvayurappanvishwanath1951]

I think it is remarkable that we can find cognates for each of the PIE words in at least one of the Indo-European languages. E.g., Sanskrit (my translation is likely full of mistakes): 'Raajaa devas-ca: Raajaa aasiit, sah niSputrah. Raajaa suunum (avRNot). Tasya hotaram apRcchat- "Suunus me jaayataam !" Hotaa tam raajaanam uvaaca: 'Yaachasva devam VaruNam." Upetya raajaa devam VaruNam shrita nu devam (ayaachat)? : "(Sravatu) me, pita VaruNa!" Devah VaruNah divasah kSiti aagatah. "Kim vRNosi?" "Suunum vRNomi." "Tathaastu." Uvaaca rocanah devah VaruNah. Nu raagnyah patnii suunum (ajanat)? . ' [c - "ch" in "rich", ch - "ch" in "chomp" (approx.) e - "a" in "name" (leave out the 'i' sound at the end) o - "o" in "hole" Capital N, S, R in middle of the words - retroflex sounds]

[@prasantabarman9710]

Your Sanskrit translation of the story in Proto-Indo-European speech is good and satisfactory . But I think , shrudhi / shrinu me , pitah varuna ! It would be a better rendering . shrudhi vedic form , shrinu classical Skt. form , imperative 2and person sing. shrudhi begins with a palatial sibilant , shrinu contains a vocalic r and a cerebral nasal , pitah vocative sing. sravatu has a different meaning and it is 3rd person sing.

[@sagnik3556]

this is based on the aitareya brāhmaṅa version of king hariścandra's story lol

[@hkumar7340]

👍👍👍👍👍 Utkrshtam!!

[@KornettenJoel]

The H sub3 sound freaks me out, it sounds so foreign, almost east Asian in nature. The whole language is just... off, which makes it very frustrating when words that I'm familiar with appears. Was that sound present in Hitttie or any Tocharian language? ...I both love and hate this.

[@Quellant1]

Consider Ancient Greek and Arabic, which both likely descend from Proto-Nostratic, (spoken roughly at the end of the last Ice Age). (Nostratic theory is controversial, but I'm convinced by it). ὀδύσσομαι (odyssomai) "I hate" from PIE "h3-d-w"/ "*h3oduw?" shares a cognate in Arabic ʕadūw, "enemy"). I did cross-comparisons in the controversial Nostratic macrofamily to GUESS the articulation of h3. (where "ʕ" is the voiced pharyngeal fricative, which I attempted labialized ʕw as the PIE h3, because h3 is considered "o-coloring") Hittite kept h2 and h3, retained only word-initially, from PIE. Their articulations are unknown. Though, Hittite split very early from other PIE descendants and retained these archaic features. Both h2 and h3 were lost in Proto-Tocharian, replaced with equivalent vowel qualities, (h3 tends to be "o-coloring," and h2 "a-coloring").

[@KornettenJoel]

That's interesting, I need to read up on Proto-Nostratic. I had the impression linguists knew precisely how Hittite sounded, since we have it written down in cuneiform, but those records don't tell us how h3 and h2 sounded? Anyway, thanks for responding, and thanks for making this educational video!

[@svyatoslavrurikovich8831]

Proto-Nostratic is just a fringe theory.

[@Quellant1]

But a somewhat plausible one, I'd say.

[@svyatoslavrurikovich8831]

Quellant It's still a fringe theory and isn't accepted by an overwhelming majority of linguists.

[@_computerra]

As a Hindi speaker, I still recognise a lot of these words and their distance from my language. Reks = Raja, Weruson = Varuna, pter = Pita - infact this could be so because this was based on a Hindu epic of King Harishchandra. Fun! We're all one.

[@muhammadscott571]

The scythians that invaded North western India influenced the Hindu language so it makes sense. Very cool too!

[@aslater5]

@@muhammadscott571the Hindu language itself is descended from Proto-Indo-European, no need for Scythians to explain it

[@muhammadscott571]

@@aslater5 Yeah, I was just explaining why

[@RDesai_indiancapitalist]

​Nah man scythians did genetic or cultural contribution but not linguistical their decedents are jats of North West they speak Hindi or Punjabi

[@ancientminds199]

​@@muhammadscott571 Have you heard of Sanskrit dude?

[@idkatthispoint-s9s]

The similarities you can find in European and Indian languages is shocking! At 0:40 the first word 'Deiuos' which means God, sounds similar to the Sanskrit word for God, ie 'Dev'

[@danilapolesciuk4316]

Same with Lithuanian god means "dievas"

[@Dice_roller]

That is because Sanskrit is a, Indo-European descended language.

[@sycration]

and latin Deus

[@mohanadasa2268]

devas*

[@raidang]

Potnih = Patni

[@StarKnightZ]

This is so uncanny I can hear echoes of Greek, Spanish, German, Portuguese on just the first listen. So cool, thanks for recording this.

[@Quellant1]

Thanks! Noticing these similarities is partly what got me interested in languages in the first place.

[@sadasivamvisvanathan9739]

Indian here, and I could understand 75% of the poem without any translation. Sanskrit is indeed our link to other branches of the Indo-European family. May Lord Uerno-s(Varuna) protect and unite all the branches of the Indo-Aryan tree.

[@zyklopis]

😘

[@ajasilikonreffkmimmon]

Varuna and Uranus

[@kratuvam7]

जय वरुण देव 🙏🏻🕉️

[@Aajkuchtoofanikartehai.]

0.54 As an Indian, I only understood devos(god). Uerunos (Varun):- God of the ocean. Fun fact:-Sam no Varunah”, meaning: “Be auspicious unto us Oh Varuna”. Is the motto of the Indian Navy.

[@dushyant_dutt]

Tod es tu...is the cognate of tatha as tu...same meaning aswell

[@luki7614]

i thought of Uranus

[@LinguaSaṃsāram]

brother this is based on the story of aitreya brahmana hareeshachadra story. they tried to find ancestor of that poem.

[@Josephus41198]

man that's creepy

[@Ari-nw3qy]

That's the very origin of English.

[@darthirae8840]

Azure Mapping The origin of all indo- European languages from Russian, to Indian to Iranian, German and more.

[@HotelPapa100]

@Zengine That's how we THINK the ancestors spoke. Small difference there. Also: That's such a tongue twister: no wonder languages quickly diverged from there. And I frankly don't believe that a language ever existed that combined such an amount of awkward to produce phonemes in close proximity.

[@aramkaizer7903]

@@HotelPapa100 There are a lot of strange languages in the world

[@MaureenLycaon]

@@HotelPapa100 Some of the various Caucasian Mountains language families are very consonant-rich and vowel-poor the way Proto-Indo-European supposedly was. Some linguists think that ancient Caucasian Mountains speakers living nearby the PIE speakers influenced them a lot.

[@nomaani8834]

0:51 "Tod Heistu" literally can be translated into Bengali as "so be it". It's a common word between Indo-eurpean and Sanskrit which is still used in Bengali

[@sharma1172]

This exact story is mentioned in vedas i.e shathpath bramhana. Here is full story Ones there was a king named harishchandra of solar Dynasty. He wanted a son so his chief priest vashishtha suggested him to human sacrifice to varuna god of water, then he got a son but after many years varuna asked him for promised human sacrifice. Then king bought a Brahmin boy named sunahashepa from his father in cost of 1000 cows for human sacrifice, but when his father was going to slaughter him, sunahashepa called various deities like soma indra agni prajapati rudra and finally varuna. Varuna came to sacrificial chamber and said that he don't want sunahashepa's sacrifice so they freed him. But sunahashepa's father went to hell (naraka) after death because he sold his son and tried to kill him.

[@jonaskazlauskas5117]

Lithuanian literary language has changed significantly over the last hundred and fifty years. I will translate this text into the old Lithuanian language. Rikis ir Dievas H3rḗḱs h1est Rikis esti, só n̥putlós. jis neturi nepuočio. H3rḗḱs súhxnum u̯l̥nh1to. Rikis sūnaus veldėjo. Tósi̯o ǵʰéu̯torm̥ prēḱst: "Súhxnus moi̯ ǵn̥h1i̯etōd!" Tasai žynio prašė: "Sūnus Man gimdytinas". Ǵʰéu̯tōr tom h3rḗǵm̥ u̯eu̯ked: "h1i̯áǵesu̯o dei̯u̯óm U̯érunom". Žynys tas Rikiui vokė: "Geisk Dievo Velnio". Úpo h3rḗḱs dei̯u̯óm U̯érunom sesole nú dei̯u̯óm h1i̯aǵeto. "ḱludʰí moi, pter U̯erune!" Tai Rikis (in) Dievan Velnian (pa)sekė dievo apžadan: "(iš)Klausyk mane pats Velnie!" Dei̯u̯ós U̯érunos diu̯és km̥tá gʷah2t. Dievas Velnias kopė žemyn (iš) dausun. "Kʷíd u̯ēlh1si?" "Ko veldi?" Súhxnum u̯ēlh1mi." "Sūnaus veldėju." "Tód h1estu", u̯éu̯ked leu̯kós dei̯u̯ós U̯érunos. "Te esti": (su)vokė laukas Dievas Velnias. Nu h3réḱs pótnih2 súhxnum ǵeǵonh1e. Nūnai Rikio pati sunun (pa)gimdė.

[@jonaskazlauskas5117]

@Gaia Nicolosi For me, Veruna associates with Perkūnas, but professionals say that Veruna's equivalent in Lithuanian mythology is the Velnias.

[@jonaskazlauskas5117]

@Gaia Nicolosi The words "Vilnius" and "Velnias" linguistically very close, but did not survive the ancient mythological stories that link them.

[@jonaskazlauskas5117]

@Gaia Nicolosi According to the established tradition, the name of Vilnius city is derived from the name of the river Vilnelė. Vilnelė is a deminutive form of wave "vilnis". "Vilnis"-wave, "vilna"-wool, "velti"-to felt, "veltinis"- felt, "velėna"- turf, sward belong to the same semantic field. The meaning of the word "Velnias" is "the one who lives under the turf." As you can see, this is the euphemism of the underground god. He was a judge and ruler of the dead souls. Christians gave the Velnias of God the meaning of the Devil, as the evil demon.

[@jonaskazlauskas5117]

@Gaia Nicolosi There is another hypothesis: The Velnias is the lord of the vėlės(dead souls).The old Gods had many euphemism because it was taboo to pronounce the true god's name. I will notice that even today, the Day of Honor of the Dead is called "Vėlinės".

[@rassilontdavros3004]

The words for "king" and "god" are surprisingly not unrecognizable. A few others are pretty familiar-sounding ("pter" for "father") as well- funnily though, the word for "lady" seems like it could be the ancestor of several Romance words for "whore"!

[@vaevictis2789]

RassilonTDavros one of the Russian word for "whore" is putana, sounds familiar too

[@therealmaskriz5716]

Hreks > rex Dewas > deus Pretty recognizable if you ask me.

[@therealmaskriz5716]

@@vaevictis2789 really wow

[@yatowbvideo]

The PIE word for "God" is shifted meaning to "War God" in germanic languages (Tyr, Tiw, Tiwaz)

[@marnegro8079]

@@vaevictis2789 wow in spanish is "puta"

[@vladimirzunic9152]

This gives me goosebumps.

[@starprince6341]

As yet I have watched almost every video on KZbin related to Indo-European cultures, religions, stories, and languages. Everyday I'm learning new things about Antiquity. This is so fascinating at the same time shocking too.

[@zeitxgeist]

The IPA is such a huge barrier for general interest linguists with no formal study, especially when you consider the vast majority of these sounds are easily represented by the intended audience's own alphabets. I bet it's turned a lot of people off.

[@Tleanantz]

Hrek=Rex=King=Rekt

[@taka2517]

pter=pater=father=Mindblown

[@diogoeusebio4111]

skralxo I laugh so hard. Etruscians were a non-indo-european people. Albanian ultra-nationalism is so funny. Before being that nationalist, put islam out of Albania. This religion is killing your nation

[@diogoeusebio4111]

skralxo I laughted harder than first time dude, sorry ! First of all, prove me that Latin was from Estruscan, you have absolutely no idea about linguistic, and lower about indo european languages

[@diogoeusebio4111]

skralxo My opinion doesn't coun't, but the things are scientifically clears, Estruscan is an Asianic language (or Pre-Indo-European, two names for same thing), it doesn't have any connection with all indo-european languages next or near to it, Greek, Germanic or even Latin. About Latin; this is a Celto-Italic language (who came from Italic and later gave birth to Romance languages. Celtic languages also come from it; Celtic and Italic languages are related). Albanian may have some similarities with Etruscan, but only with vocabulary nothing else, since Albanian is indo-european and Etruscan isn't.

[@funktronix]

vidya (sanksrit)=vidit (russian)=vision/video (english). Agni (sanskrit; fire)=agon (russian; fire)=agony (pain). rex=raja (hindi)=royal the family tree is REAL

[@rzeka]

You decided h3 as voiced? I always imagined it to be voiceless. Maybe that's because the first time I did a voiceless pharyngeal fricative I kept labializing it, and I actually had to think about it to avoid it.

[@Quellant1]

I decided this from dabbling in Proto-Nostratic, supposed ancestor of PIE, which had both voiced and voiceless pharyngeals. But I have no idea if PIE preserved or lost them...

[@krn2487]

voiceless is the best choice. no doubt.

[@Quellant1]

I fall into the h3 voiced camp. Such as the apparent voicing of p -> b when followed by h3 in Proto-Celtic. But that's the only example I could find to work from.. It is also likely h3 was voiceless..

[@rzeka]

Quellant Very interesting...

[@robinchettri6966]

0:50 "Tód h1estu" sounds like "Tathastu" which is what a god says while blessing someone in Sanskrit.

[@oleksiyfitel2971]

It's also somewhat similar to the Ukrainian: "Тоді хай [буде]," just missing the last word (буде). In Ukrainian, that phrase means exactly the same as the video: "Let it be so"

[@oleksiyfitel2971]

Also, the grammatical structure is very similar to Slavic languages.

[@Skyfather567]

The voice sounds scary and divine

[@possiblyzero3582]

Fascinating stuff.

[@Аргумешка]

"Tod hestu" is very similar to russian "to est". But this phrase means "That is", but not "let it be".

[@chelovek-jpeg]

ну так да, "есть" и английский is и немецкий ist это всё однокоренные слова. Также с "этот", "that" артикль "the" и немецкие артикли der, das, die это всё одно и тоже

[@johnsmith-ir1ne]

In Spanish, esto es.

[@NiennaFan1]

I mean both are present tense just one is present subjunctive?

[@divatri899]

the only words I could connect to were todhestu "tathaastu" in Sanskrit & the word for god, "deva" in Sanskrit

[@divatri899]

deiuos "देव"

[@Quellant1]

h₃rḗǵs /-ḱs is also cognate with "rājā" राजा ǵ ~ gya / ja Also cognate in Latin as "deus" and "rex"

[@evilcurse]

Div Atri You missed Potnih = patni

[@TheFaro2011]

dueus word for God

[@statinskill]

I know next to nothing about Sanskrit besides what comes to me though Russian, but I found language elements in this sample from Latin, Slavic and Germanic languages.

[@Spooky_man]

Understand that this language is ancestor to Hindi, Iranian AND most of the European languages Thanks for correcting a stupid mistake of mine @azoo !

[@azoo6269]

note: hindu is a religion and iranian is an ethnicity, do you mean Hindi and farsi?

[@aaronmarks9366]

Sounds like a Caucasian language, e.g. Circassian. Which is interesting, because there're some proposals that the Northwest Caucasian family is a close relative of Indo-European.

[@Quellant1]

Indeed! I think they might have shared a common ancestor.

[@elimalinsky7069]

Aaron Marks There is some evidence to suggest that North Caucasian has a substratum of either PIE speakers or a sister language to PIE. Not only that, but some close examination shows that even Semitic had influence from either PIE or a sister language to PIE before Semitic started to split into several different branches starting from 2500 BCE.

[@aaronmarks9366]

Eli Malinsky Fascinating! Can you link me to any articles about that?

[@elimalinsky7069]

blog.as.uky.edu

[@aaronmarks9366]

Eli Malinsky Thanks!! Will check this out :)

[@Ari-nw3qy]

This sounds a bit like Latin.

[@elgranlugus7267]

Latin is Indo European

[@prasantabarman9710]

Understanding a reconstructed sentence in Proto-Indo-European requires a fair knowledge of Sanskrit ,Greek , Hittite , Latin etc. The grammatical structure of the parent speech that was highly synthetic , is best preserved in Sanskrit . Though I have a fair knowledge of Sanskrit , I am not acquainted with other languages . I can make a few equations though diacritical Mark's create a problem . H3reks= Skt raat , last sound retroflex , Lat rex . Deiuos = Skt devas , Av Dave, Lat deus Kwe = Skt ca , Gk te , Lat questions Nputlos = Skt aputras To do = Skt tasya Gheutorm = Skt hotaaram Suhxnus = Skt suunus , Goth sinus Nu =Skt nuu as in nuutana new , OE nu , Mod Eng now Kludhi = Skt shrudhi , Gk kluthi Peter = Skt Pixar evocative Uerunos = Skt varunas last sound retroflex Diues = Skt divah ablative , Gk dies Tod hiestu = Sktt tad astu Leukos = Skt lokah , Lat lux Potnih2 = Skt patnii , Gk Pontiac.

[@qh777]

When I listen to this it mostly sounds like Latin and Greek but also there are some elements in there that sound like older forms of Germanic like old Norse.

[@pakshirajan8585]

This is really similar to the first part of a vedic story where the king pray to Varuna for a son

[@sccluis4022]

Southern Indo-European Hrā́ĉš daywás-kʲa Hrā́ĉš Hást; sá n̥putrás. Hrā́ĉš suHnúm HáHisĉat. Tásya ĵʰáwtarm̥ Hápr̥sĉat: "SuHnús máy ĵn̥Hyátu!" Ĵʰáwtār tám Hrā́ĵm̥ Háwawkʲat: "HyáHĵas swá daywám Hwárunam." Úpa Hrā́ĉš daywám Hwárunam sasā́ra nú daywám HyáHĵata: "Ĉrudʰí máy, pHtā́r Hwaruna!" Daywás Hwárunas diwás n̥dʰás Hágʲamt. "Kás Hisĉási?" "SuHnúm Hisĉámi." "Tád Hástu," Háwawkʲat rawkás daywás Hwárunas. Nú Hrā́ĉš pátniH suHnúm ĵaĵā́nHa.

[@jurikurthambarskjelfir3533]

what is this

[@caraxes_noodleboi]

@@jurikurthambarskjelfir3533 Proto-indo-Iranian. Ancestor of All Iranian and North Indian languages.

[@parjus5043]

Wow, I speak Lithuanian and I can understand some of what was said.

[@Quellant1]

Lithuanian is said to be closer to PIE than many modern PIE-descended languages, having retained a number of PIE grammatical features that've been mostly lost elsewhere.

[@kazumy2558]

That;s interesing! How much do you understand?

[@nepamirskuzkameskovojomeli2396]

Yes, Especially certain words, Are very similar in the Lithuanian language.

[@fireblazenotbulgaria3053]

It sounds incredibly foreign in general but very recognizable at the same time I kinda like it

[@ModernDayRenaissanceMan]

Hreks = rex = King H3regn = Regum = King Deious = Deus = God Kwe = te = et = y = And Suhxnum = Son Prekst = Priest (So preserved!) Moi = Me (also moi in French untouched) Tom = to him (Im pretty sure) Uerunom = Uranus = Werunos Nu = Now Pter = Pater = Pader = Vader = Father Diues = Heaven Uelh¹si = Willeth-thee? (Fascinating near perfect phonetical transition straight into middle English, & Will making it all the way into modern) Uelh²mi = Willeth me (Same ^) Ueuked = Spake (Appeared twice for me to translate it - also I believe this appears in Old English as speak as well) Leukos = Light = White (Greek) Potnih = lady (Partner?) {Also known as mistress} Gegonh¹e = birthed (Derivative of Genhtor (Proto Indo European) = Genitour (Middle English) = Genitor (English/Latin) It's amazing how most of this is readable today. Nearly every single word if you take the time to break it down.

[@theallmemeingeye5927]

Cool how the words for king/rex, priest, father/padre, son, and come all have a faint recognisability :)

[@thegrassguy2871]

That does it. Those h3s are so weird that I'm adding a labialized pharyngeal to my conlang!

[@tom_demarco]

God no

[@wellplayod1957]

such an interesting sounding language. i doubt it’s 100% accurate but it could be pretty close. it just goes to show how cool and awesome languages are.

[@Tuberex]

So protoindoeuropeans really loved their k's, h's, w's and u's

[@king_halcyon]

False. They really loved their Rs, Ns, Ls and Ms 😎😎

[@profightcompilations4764]

Sounds like the Skyrim dragon language.

[@Purwapada]

. literally sounds like something from lord of the rings

[@埊]

dargyal agwhaan mu draal.

[@LetMeGetAUhhh]

No it doesnt idiot

[@sahilsingh6048]

May lord varuna bless everyone

[@ktuluflux]

I feel like it is possible the H3 may have been voiced back then. I appreciate the choice to voice it here regardless of it having dropped off over time.

[@MyWorld-sx2tq]

can you do the same for proto-semitic?

[@Quellant1]

Perhaps if I can find a reconstructed passage.

[@Disruptedable]

I'm no linguistic at all and have only recently been learning a bit about this, for many of us (I'm Danish), common ancestral language. Even though I understand that no one can really be certain of how it would have sounded, it was facinating just how strangely familiar it seems and to read in the comment section that people from other places within the PIE area conclude the same thing. Guess a few thousands of years of linguistic evolution havent changed THAT much after all.

[@Quellant1]

For me (part-Norwegian), it makes me see mankind more as a family, rather than just a collection of rival nations.

[@दिव्यांशः]

Tód h1estu sounds so similar to the sanskrit tathastu (tat hastu) which aslo means "let it be so".

[@ryansmith8345]

Wow , I can see that some words are almost entirely unchanged in Persian !

[@apinla2237]

H³ is just the weirdest sound I've ever encountered

[@pioneer7855]

Tod hestu at the end sounds like Sanskrit "Tathastu", which is usually translated as "so be it." What a coincidence.

[@11111653]

why this so magical ?

[@Federation1323]

Я себе тут же представил, как индоевропейцы сидят и выговаривают это

[@Rolando_Cueva]

Ya ni paninayu

[@Federation1323]

I cannot imagine, how do indoeuropeans pronounce it (hruereks).

[@parthiancapitalist2733]

Андрадит Петровский well they are raised speaking it, so it was easy for them.

[@statinskill]

Андрадит Петровский Half the time when learning Russian, I don't even know how to pronounce the word just looking at the way it is spelled ;-) In 8,000 years from now archeologists will discover Moscow and linguists will wonder what whatever text that is uncovered meant and then how it was pronounced. Maybe they'll find some paper that somehow through fluke circumstances was preserved but for the most part unless it is edged into stone it will have decomposed or otherwise oxidized away, meaning any sound recordings on DVD, hard drives or USB sticks will not survive. Linguist will try to reconstruct the languages of our day and have the same problem of being very unsure how it was actually pronounced.

[@Flamdring]

Well written, statinskill. We often think that old languages were hard to pronounce and understand, our descendants will definitely struggle with pronouncing our contemporary less than perfect languages even though we might find them extremely beautiful ourselves. It is even possible that in the future we will stop communicating verbally altogether, so imagine how messed up our form of communication will sound to the people living several hundreds or thousands years from now.

[@tarunr5751]

Todheistu sounds like thathastu in Sanskrit

[@Ekvitarius]

Not surprising, since Sanskrit is derived from P. I. E.

[@CassandraPantaristi]

Sanskrit is also the closest language to PIE.

[@JuanDVene]

Pretty sure the closest to PIE is Lithuanian

[@CassandraPantaristi]

JuanDVene The closest living language to PIE. But the closest language to descend from PIE is hands down Sanskrit. Sanskrit is the only language with the aspirated consonants.

[@elimalinsky7069]

The Antiquity Goth Mycenian Greek also had the aspirated consonants, and is arguably closer to PIE grammatically. Morphologically modern Lithuanian is closer to PIE than ancient Sanskrit. Phonetically for living languages, the closest to PIE is probably Ossetian.

[@Ambar42]

The only words I could make out similarities from to modern languages are the ones for "god" and "priest", but very interesting to hear.

[@simmansu]

Я услышал Rex

[@ferociousgumby]

This gives me goose-bumps!

[@gabrielvidal3796]

Simply amazing. This is so fascinating.

[@NoSupports]

0:06 sounding like nordic 0:50 sounding like spanish

[@attorneytimothyb.gifford4400]

How would one ask, "Do you have any gum?"

[@ReviveHF]

Sounds very similar to Ancient Sino Tibetan language， especially Archaic Chinese（上古漢語）.

[@seankessel3867]

HOW DO YOU MAKE THAT SOUND? for real can anybody point towards an explanation or description? It sounds totally alien.

[@MaureenLycaon]

Ipachart dot com is probably a good place to start. (If the URL doesn't come through, Wikipedia also has an interactive sound chart of IPA symbols. Otherwise, search something like "PIE laryngeals" for more info.

[@RhaegarTargaryen-q2d]

The words deioum/deious, Uerunos, tod hestu, potnih are sanskrit/hindi deva(god), Varuna (a god), tath astu(wish granted, it will be such), patni (wife) respectively. Kwe can be the marathi va (pronounced vuh) which means 'and', probably borrowed by marathi from Persian.

[@Quellant1]

Very interesting! Sanskrit seems the closest to PIE morphologically in many ways. It's possible that Sanskrit च (ca) could be an evolution of PIE *-kʷe. In Greek it became τε (te).

[@uncleirohofthefirenation8825]

Very impressive! You shall be forgiven for spelling the palatals incorrectly, even Prof. Oettinger didn't spell them correctly in his P.I.E-Basics class, when I attended it years ago ;D But I'm still curious about the way you're spelling the laryngeals. Why do you spell them like that and is there new research I missed, that backs up this way of spelling them?^^

[@Sel__27-27]

0:51 sounds weirdly like the Sanskrit phrase "tathastu". I guess it's descended from there

[@rightlibertarian8355]

Devous werunos aka the devam varunam, that is God Varuna. The Hindu god of the sky, seas and truth.

[@Agentdj-ye1qk]

Idk why but the 'tod hestu' sounds very similar to 'tathasthu' from sanskrit which means the same

[@vx2455]

They used PIE in Prometheus, was very interesting :), but it sounded different

[@MaureenLycaon]

In the movie, they altered it a bit to make it easier to pronounce for the actor.

[@m3t4llic69]

Take these reconstructions with a grain of salt. It is very possible it sounds gibberish to PIE speakers.

[@AlexanderofMiletus]

This sends actual chills down my spine

[@__seeker__]

The obvious links to Sanskrit are insane to see

[@nenirouvelliv]

Sounds like the cassette tape got stuck and started to play slowly backwards all the way to the bronze age.

[@ctmpodcast6901]

Sounds like something off of district 9

[@PaoloCavestro-ey9bb]

Glory and honor to Werunos Our Lord and God, eternally.

[@siriusone6809]

This is magnificent.

[@sudeep.g]

The "Tód h¹estu" sounds like "Tat hastu" from Sanskrit that has the same meaning, used in the context of "Your wish has been granted"

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

Someone need to standardise a Modern form of proto indo European so we all could learn it and speak it as a evey day lang

[@zfg07]

Revive it only in india, Europeans love their respective languages

[@mohanadasa2268]

@@zfg07 No one is telling you to leave your languages and embrace PIE only, he meant that a modern-form of PIE should be standardised for them who are interested in learning PIE

[@desaad1725]

cringe 💩

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@@desaad1725 Christian spotted.

[@vladof_putler]

0:51 In Hinduism, our Gods always say Tathastu for this too.

[@NoSupports]

I've never laughed like this so far while I listening a language.

[@aringsinukuan769]

Why?

[@NoSupports]

@@aringsinukuan769 there are funny sounds

[@melinda2763]

@@NoSupports based

[@PaoloCavestro-ey9bb]

Every knee in the Multiverse will bow down before Werunos Our Lord and God, eternally.

[@lorenzoc.b.9809]

Philology level: Tolkien

[@someoneuppingdudetechnical6320]

The H3 sounds weird af I've always thought it was supposed to sound like a "Hee" (as you would read "ee" in english) but only slightly vocalized.

[@Extraterrestrial-r1d]

Story of king Harishchandra

[@KurzemesMiskastes]

Стоп... Вы хотите сказать это язык наших праотцов? Теперь не удивлен почему индоевропейские языки так между собой не похожи...

[@TheSpookiestgoose]

@0:26 i did not like that sound at all 😱, the rest sounds interesting.

[@Quellant1]

I try to pronounce *h₃ as /ʕʷ/. The precise values of the laryngeals in PIE laryngeal theory are hotly debated. I'm just a self-taught enthusiast and not involved in the field.

[@TheSpookiestgoose]

@ nah man im not talking s about it, i completely understand. I was just saying if that is the noise we made back then im glad we dont now lol

[@TheSpookiestgoose]

@ i too am self tought with old english so i get it, this video is in my ærlice lefen playlist. I deeply appreciate your effort and your talent

[@Quellant1]

@@TheSpookiestgoose Ahaha, I see you what you mean. Pronouncing those sounds can be exhausting, compared to the relatively lax pronunciation of modern English. Thank you! Old English is fascinating to me, and I have some ancient ancestors who might have spoken it. Not an easy language by any stretch so I have much respect for those who teach themselves.

[@KayAteChef]

The E.T. in the corn field panic reeeee sound.

[@iberius9937]

0:36 Sounds like Κλυθί μεὺ in Epic Greek, from Homer's Iliad.

[@Joao_Victor753]

Ultra based language.