The Most Distant Quasar Ever Discovered

From ESO-Cast and the European Southern Observatory. Astronomers have discovered the most distant quasar found to date. This brilliant beacon, powered by a black hole with a mass two billion times that of the Sun, is by far the brightest object yet discovered in the early Universe.
Quasars are extremely bright, distant galaxies thought to be powered by supermassive black holes at their centers. These powerful beacons may help astronomers to probe the era when the first stars and galaxies were forming.
The quasar that has just been found is seen as it was only 770 million years after the Big Bang, at redshift 7.1. It took 12.9 billion years for its light to reach us.
Although more distant objects have been confirmed, such as a gamma-ray burst at redshift 8.2, and a galaxy at redshift 8.6, the newly discovered quasar is hundreds of times brighter than these. Among any other object bright enough to be studied in detail, this is the most distant by a large margin.
The next most-distant quasar is seen as it was 870 million years after the Big Bang (redshift 6.4). Similar objects further away cannot be found in visible-light surveys because their light, stretched by the expansion of the Universe, falls mostly in the infrared part of the spectrum by the time it gets to Earth. The European UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) which uses the UK's dedicated infrared telescope in Hawaii was designed to solve this problem. The team of astronomers hunted through millions of objects in this database to find those that could be the long-sought distant quasars, and eventually struck gold.
It took astronomers five years to find this quasar. Its distance was determined from observations made with ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) and instruments on the Gemini North Telescope. Because the object is comparatively bright it is possible to take a spectrum of it (which involves splitting the light from the object into its component colors). This technique allowed the astronomers to find out quite a lot about the quasar.
These observations showed that the mass of the black hole at the center of the quasar is about two billion times that of the Sun. This very high mass is hard to explain so early on after the Big Bang. Current theories for the growth of supermassive black holes predict a slow build-up in mass as the compact object pulls in matter from its surroundings.

[@mancamiatipoola]

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[@deeliciousplum]

@SpaceRip Thank you so much for sharing this vid. Quite a wondrous find.

[@deeliciousplum]

What a wonderful discovery! Thank you so very much for sharing this vid.

[@anodominate]

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[@BranimirMiladinov]

Truly amazing videos! : )

[@knivesron]

spcerip you guys fucknig rock, i love it when i see a video by you guys i haventseen. i love how most of your stuff is in 1080p, your channel is just awsome. keep up the good work it makes my day being able to be informed with this genius work

[@Krissypoo508]

Awesome, I love learning about space/astronomy! :D

[@nedved5000]

Is it weird that I get excited when a new SpaceRip video is uploaded? :O

[@Sanngot]

@Xxac1348xX There is a limit to how far into the past we can see. That is because the very early universe (when it was denser) was still opaque, and light couldn't propagate through it. That is pretty much the wall we run into when trying to look farther back in time. At least that is how I understand it.

[@NumberRed]

Finding this now makes me wonder what we'll find in 5 years or more?!?! Can't wait, I hope they discover more like this.

[@--Canon--]

This video just blew my mind away.

[@BrooksBorg]

Fascinating.

[@HellaUtube]

SpaceRip made me no choice but to watch their videos on 1080p only!!! Thank you SpaceRip!!

[@AstronomyGuru84]

3C 273 is an interesting quasar in the constellation Virgo. It was the first quasar to be identified and, at 2.44 billion light years, it's the closest quasar to us. It was imaged by Hubble in 1995 and by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. It's bright enough to be visible with a larger size amateur telescope.

[@billypilgrim3795]

As I have said before, can you just imagine the energy out put of something that makes it seem that bright over BILLIONS of light years?

[@SillyScyllia]

wow oO 770 million years that's quite fresh

[@Blottingpaper]

Are there any still shots of that quasar between 15 - 25, it would be an awesome desktop wallpaper?

[@helloitsnicko]

I love the name "Very Large Telescope"... such an imaginative name! :P

[@warlord1981nl]

@TehZorzGuy It has something to do with the event horizon, which is kinda like a point of no return. As long as that point isn't crossed you can escape "easily" as the energy needed will be finite but cross it and the escape energy needed is infinite preventing anything from escaping. The matter jets that are observed are formed before the event horizon.

[@toastsandwich]

another great video

[@MaxiPCX]

can someone please help me out here? I live in BC, Canada and I want to know if I am capable of watching a clear night such as the one shown at 1:05 Also, is it possible to watch these kind of night skies with your own eyes or do you need special cameras? Ty.

[@Tanmark1998]

this is just amazing. if this quasar was there 12.9 million years ago, it is possible that the matter moved after the dying star, and that that quasar is the Andromeda galaxy for a part now. i am really wondering what that quasar looked like later. to find out, we just have to wait a few million or billion years :P. or, we could get closer to the quasar ourselfs and wait 150 seconds shorter!

[@Neueregel]

Nice vid, but please next time include more Statistics about this Quasar like how many Light years away , what's its Redshift, WHERE in the sky is that located (constellations etc) , and of course what is its NAME(?). Thanks in advance!!

[@tropickman]

The initial expansion lasted for roughly several hundred thousand years. You are right in the sense that some light would have never reached us, had the expansion not ended. Some objects were relatively close to out relative point in space, but due to expansion, its light could not reach us. It is only now, that the light is making up lost distance due to this initial expansion.

[@Krissypoo508]

@GusMacGus313 It has relativistic mass (meaning that it has energy which can be transformed into mass [E = mc^2]) It does not have rest mass though since it cannot _be_ at rest (meaning that it does not exhibit/experience a gravitational pull)

[@boipinoi604]

@SirMaximus21 I'm from BC too. From my understanding, you have to watch the night sky away from the city lights.

[@CatherineLaplaceBuilhe]

@Perkuleezful : totally agree with you !

[@nybotheveg]

@Ridleysama i know that but i think it's safe to assume that the space is a vacuum. but yes the gravity from the quassar could have slowed down the light, but i don't think it's anything of significance

[@nactan]

@ShogunnSlimm think of water in a basin. due to gravity, the hole at the bottom sucks out all the water, right? then why does water still swirl all around it?

[@FirewallProtected]

mike ferarri, the universe is expanding because of the explosion from the big bang. the force was so powerful that galaxies are still moving out from the epicenter, however eventually everything will stop moving out and it will all come back in together causing matter to be compressed to the point of another big bang. so what was before the big bang? another universe. Its theory, but its the only theory that has ever made sense

[@nactan]

@ShogunnSlimm huh, why not? the space around the singularity is a bent 3d space, just as the basin is a bent 2d surface.

[@Cakevspie94]

@gaiagale I felt as though their description of the quasar was appropriate given the situation. The video is based on the most distant quasar ever discovered and less on quasars themselves. The knowledge is somewhat assumed of the viewer

[@crazy8sdrums]

@TehZorzGuy The jets are from matter outside the event horizon. Matter near the event horizon will congregate at the poles and stimulate fusion that results in beams of charged particles and high energy radiation along the axis of the assumably spinning black hole singularity.

[@20051470]

@TehZorzGuy they are ejected far from the event horizon, at a distance still "safe enough" where escape is still possible

[@stramster1]

@panto5310 Grafatons analogy is correct but for another phenomenon. Imagine you can only drive your car at one speed and the road ahead of you is stretching out as you drive making the total distance longer with every moment you travel. All points in space are moving away from all other points in space so as a consequence the farther something is from you the faster it is receding. Once the expansion rate is larger than light speed we can not observe objects as the light will not reach us.

[@lallanzinho]

I read some explanations here about quasars, but it still sounds to me like a perfect paradox. So, if the gravity of black hole is so irresistible that even light can't escape, how quasars can project itself so far away the black hole and aparently its not sucked back ?

[@FunnCubes]

@TehZorzGuy the jets are matter that flyes out of the gravitational pull, in form of radioactivity... you could imagin it as food, the back hole cant eat anymore, its eating a lot of Mass, but its faster falling in, than the Black hole can take, and instead of being sucked intoo the dark horizon (where nothing can escape/ the point even light cant escape anymore) its shot out as those jets... or so far i've understood... but i am not shure... they could also come out of the dark horizon...idk...

[@rayd408]

It's so amazing how far this place is, that we will never go to. Even if we can go warp drive or use wormholes maybe it's so far we can measure a billion warp years instead of 12.

[@quaxk]

@SirMaximus21 yes, when the sky is clear and there's not too much light pollution you can see the milky way with the naked eye, but not bright like in that video, this is a time-lapse made of long exposure shots

[@RockXStarEvan]

@TehZorzGuy The black hole is like a sling shot. And the matter being ejected is outside the event horizon.

[@sumittechkgp]

I got goosebumps !!!!!!

[@hilbert54]

What effect do these jets have on the solar systems with these galaxies? I realise that most of the energy is directed away from the rest of that galaxy. What about nearby galaxies?

[@stramster1]

@wengneuda13 A Quasar or Quasi Stellar Radio Source is widely believed to be a feeding super massive black hole at the center of a galaxy. During galactic evolution there are times when massive amounts of matter are being consumed by the black hole at their center. This gives rise to energetic jets of charged particles emanating from the poles. Young galaxies and colliding galaxies are thought to be the main culprits. They are among the most energetic things yet discovered.

[@Matu1]

So basicly we go back in time, this image has traveled 12,9 billion years to reach us. Amazing..

[@GonzaloBelascuen]

@TehZorzGuy i think it's because they dont get in the event horizont, so they can actually escape

[@thas1227]

woah that is amazing! quasars are super awesome

[@SuperLaugh20]

Yay another SpaceRip vid!

[@agentx3]

This stuff is interesting.

[@dylan3657]

all this is in us, in our mind, in our ability to perceive. sight taken for granted is wasted

[@Riotboy1]

I'm so thankful to be part of this Universe.

[@ScarletEdge]

A massive and extremely remote celestial object, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy, and typically having a starlike image...

[@hossein1413]

IS it posible to know where the bang bang started in he universe? At what location of the universe if we think the universe as a ovale form.

[@Salien1999]

@Xxac1348xX We probably can't because the light from it probably didn't last very long, so the light is probably near the edge of the universe if it is still strong enough.

[@SOBIESKI_freedom]

@TehZorzGuy Those jets come from material that hasn't crossed the event horizon of the black hole.

[@gamesbok]

Quasars are driven by the black hole eating material, but they alse exert an outward pressure. More precisely the accretion disk does. This outward pressure will oppose the matter falling inward, and so the quasar has the tendency to turn itself off.

[@AutodidacticPhd]

@Xxac1348xX Everyone with a sufficiently old TV set can see the oldest light possible. The cosmic background radiation is that light, and on a TV with it's own receiver, that radiation will appear as about 1% of the static seen on an empty channel.

[@buddy39914]

goddamn just imagine being right above it and staring at the size

[@dylan3657]

i know we should send someone into a blackhole with one of them camera phones and an extra strong signal they could take photos and describe it to us?

[@Elmo833]

@TehZorzGuy light cannot escape a blackhole, but as far as your question about the jets i don't know

[@fukkuutube]

@TehZorzGuy what space is space taking up o.O

[@gajen20]

@TehZorzGuy - The light cant escape from a black hole - Those matters ecapes the black hole because the black hole is eating much more than what it can keep in its mouth

[@Dillinger86]

@BlameRepublicans it's actually spelled with a lower case "g" as in "god" lol I read the book . such a great read..good post man...

[@ReverseTranscriptase]

@TehZorzGuy When a black whole eats too much matter, it starts ejecting matter back into space.

[@zcxvasdfqwer1234]

Very exciting time to be alive right now. I feel like our descendants may consider this time a sort of second Renaissance in scientific and artistic progress.

[@Riotboy1]

@eLLriDe420 I was born in the 70's, but THANKS!

[@Funkmastabuzz]

Thanks for the reply. I get that but how can it escape the gravity. How can it be both ways. Nothing can escape the gravity of a BH yet it can spit out jets. Should the statement be "theres only one thing that can escape a blackholes gravity" Cheers

[@Ridleysama]

@firehop3 You require a lot more research. The jets are from gas that has accumulated at the poles of the black hole's magnetic field, in which the gas is ejected as highly charged particles. The material in the jets never enter the black hole. Material that enters the black hole becomes more mass for the black hole.

[@EdouardDubois]

@OrigaMagic The successor is going to be the Extremely Large Telescope.

[@Miranox2]

@TehZorzGuy Probably because that matter did not pass the event horizon. Each black hole has a specific distance at which its gravity becomes stronger than the speed of light. That is the event horizon.

[@LesPaul2006]

@4dsouzaluiz Ever heard of the multiverse hypothesis? It is mind boggling indeed. You also have to consider that ordinary 3 dimensional space might not be all there is.

[@NammerTan]

@houdini178 NIce to meet you buddy!

[@rumandbass]

@panto5310 because the speed of light is the universal speed limit for photons. Imagine you're driving a car in a straight line, and for this thought experiment, you can see very very far. At a distant point down the road you see nothing. Once you get closer, you can see workers putting in a stop sign. Once you get there, the stop sign has been completed. So, just because the stop sign wasn't already there when you started your trip, doesn't mean you in your car won't interact with it now.

[@ChessNetwork]

SpaceRip is VVG, Very Very Good

[@SirRainis]

nice !

[@dylan3657]

@swiftsnake3 it's just moving at a differnt speed of time when you go inside it will be normal

[@MzBUZZKILINGTON]

1:14 makes me feel so small and insignificant.

[@Daethlisangel]

What i don't get is that, at that distance and at the age of light reaching earth is 12.9 billion years old means that it is some odd billion/million years further than we suspect?

[@Ridleysama]

@cangri48lbp Black Holes have an even more powerful magnetic field than their gravitation pull. The material of the jets are propelled via the poles of their magnetic field. How jets are emitted is actually known.

[@cangri48lbp]

@AngelixArch your responce is correct. i wont tackle u but actually theres no explenation how the jets are emitted.

[@jmm00702]

@yaxpak1 eeh of course it's been "forever", since before the universe there was no time, which is just one more of the 11 dimensions our universe exists in (11 as m-theory, best s-theory unifier, states). Big bang theory proposes 'time 0' as the big bang, before it time simply didn't exist. and of course a supermassive black hole in the milky way's center makes sense, black holes pull other matter towards them and condense it in a minimal space, obviously growing and generating more gravity.

[@IngeniousMrToad]

how is to telepscoper gettingly of so closely of an picstures if is of 12.9 billions of mileage?

[@TheModernwarfare2009]

@NoFaithNoPain yes they use redshift i believe and 12.9 billion years ago the Earth and the Sun didnt even exist

[@turnermedman1231]

maybe it's just me, but the more we find out about space, black holes, how vast space is, meteors and astras flying about out of control, how small the earth is to the rest of space, how big the seas of the world are, and the sun could flare out and fry us all at any time, the more scary i get. i just don't want to know any of it. dose any body else think like i do?

[@dleach89]

@yaxpak1 I think you should read some books on Cosmology. Even though they are quite dated relative to the field, Coming of Age in the Milky Way and The Whole Shebang by Timothy Ferris are excellent reads. Before making the fatal error of dismissing something based on a lack of understanding, first give a diligent attempt at understanding. This goes for everything, not just for trivial matters (sarcasm) such as the existence and workings of our universe.

[@Ridleysama]

@frostyuk2007 Since that light is not escaping from the black hole, having never been pulled passed the Event Horizon. The jets are cause by gas that is being propelled via the Black Hole's Magnetic Field. Electromagnetism is a stronger force than gravity. And no, the light and gas are not moving faster than the speed of light. That's impossible.

[@Pennilee1]

@yaxpak1 I kind of agree with you about the /entire/ universe not having a beginning (in a way), but I don't agree with the rest of your opinion.

[@daqde6bob]

Imagine walking this distance on foot :D.

[@steviewonder2049]

Surely this quasar was so much closer 12 billion years ago...so the light from that time would have passed earth before now ? I can't get my head around this :-(

[@Ridleysama]

@nybotheveg Photons always move at a speed of about 3 time 10 to the power of 8 meters per seconds. That's the speed of light constant. Obstacles can slow Photons down but once the Photons clear the Obstacles, the Photons will resume the speed of light. Light may not be a constant but the speed of light is a constant.

[@nactan]

@ShogunnSlimm i'm thinking you may not understand the space bendy thing very well. i'm not sure how well i'll be able to explain it in the comments section. read up on the stretched rubber sheet analogy. it's all over the web.

[@truvelocity]

@LiamE69 FACE! I love that the world is full of bright people.

[@sir313jonsson]

energy turned into matter during the big bang

[@Pennilee1]

Man.. because light can travel to about (approximately) 300,000 miles per second, that means.... 12.9 billion years to get over here..I'm surprised that the energy didn't fade off. :O

[@TwizzElishus]

So a bearded man that lives on a cloud makes much more sence

[@Tanmark1998]

@yapanuwan 13.7 billion years ago. and with some new maths and science, possibly 27.4 billion years.

[@ReelRai]

@barakuda1111 the light has to travel to you eye/telescope so you can see it, so it takes 1bly to you to see it :)

[@wiz9496]

@bmd900 It burns coming out, doesn't it?

[@nybotheveg]

@1nf1n1tyW1th1n speed of light in a vacuum isn't a variable it's a constant.

[@Xxac1348xX]

This makes me wonder if we could look back 14 billion years back and actually see the Big Bang and how the universe started... maybe impossible but who knows...

[@Vladiniho]

1:05 holy mother of lord