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This was originally going to be a part of my video on Biblical Cosmology but it quickly stood as something that should have its video. Enjoy :-)
The Enûma Eliš (Akkadian Cuneiform: also spelled "Enuma Elish"), is the Babylonian creation myth (named after its opening words). It was recovered by Austen Henry Layard in 1849 (in fragmentary form) in the ruined Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (Mosul, Iraq). A form of the myth was first published by George Smith in 1876; active research and further excavations led to near completion of the texts, and improved translations.
The Enûma Eliš has about a thousand lines and is recorded in Old Babylonian on seven clay tablets, each holding between 115 and 170 lines of Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform script. Most of Tablet V has never been recovered but, aside from this lacuna, the text is almost complete.
This epic is one of the most important sources for understanding the Babylonian worldview - over the seven tablets it describes the creation of the world, a battle between gods focused on supremacy of Marduk, the creation of man destined for the service of the Mesopotamian deities, and ends with a long passage praising Marduk. Its primary original purpose is unknown - a version is known to have been used for certain festivals - there may also have been a political element to the myth, centered on the legitimization or primacy of Mesopotomia over Assyria - some later versions replace Marduk with the Assyrian primary god Ashur.
The Enûma Eliš exists in various copies from Babylon and Assyria. The version from the Library of Ashurbanipal dates to the 7th century BCE. The composition of the text probably dates to the Bronze Age, or even early to the time of Hammurabi - some elements of the myth are attested by illustrations that date to at least as early as the Kassite era (roughly 18th to 16th centuries BCE).
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