The Oldest Artifacts

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman
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Sources:
MichaelPanteaPersonEnvelopeIgnacio de laTorrebFrancescod’ErricocdJacksonNjauefRobertBlumenschineg, et al. “Bone Tools from Beds II-IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and Implications for the Origins and Evolution of Bone Technology.” Journal of Human Evolution, Academic Press, 10 Oct. 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/science....
Evidence for Early Hafted Hunting Technology | Science. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s....
Lombard, M., & Phillipson, L. (2010). Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity, 84(325), 635-648. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
Backwell, L., Bradfield, J., Carlson, K., Jashashvili, T., Wadley, L., & D'Errico, F. (2018). The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: Evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave. Antiquity, 92(362), 289-303. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
Bows and Arrows and Complex Symbolic Displays 48,000 Years ... - Science. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s....
Hardy, B. L., et al. “Direct Evidence of Neanderthal Fibre Technology and Its Cognitive and Behavioral Implications.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 9 Apr. 2020, www.nature.com/articles/s4159....
“Pesse Canoe.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Aug. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesse_c....
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[@NORTH02]

Thank you to Wondrium for sponsoring today's video! Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: ow.ly/b8RY50L1inp

[@SLBLADE]

I love this video buddy fantastic job.. I've found a 300 million year old siltstone ocean bottom floor with face, cresent 🌙, Egyptian symbol pyramid crystal . It's world changing please look at the moonstone in my playlist.. happy holidays bro!!!!

[@complimentbot7015]

@@SLBLADE "300 million year old" "Egyptian" something doesn't add up here.

[@SLBLADE]

@@complimentbot7015 I know it doesn't, at all!!!!! Agreed 👍

[@complimentbot7015]

@@SLBLADE a conspiracy theorist? Do tell

[@SLBLADE]

@@complimentbot7015 no sir just a dude that found it in a creek seriously happy holidays Bud!!!! It maybe alien not Egyptian idk

[@Chompchompyerded]

It's amazing to see how much has changed in paleoanthropology, and how much we've learned since I was in college fifty years ago. Great video! Keep them coming.

[@Winteryears]

I'm impressed by your growth in making these pieces. The texture and depth of this particular episode are great and on focus. Good job indeed.

[@Preciouspink]

I’m a helpless week animal in a nuclear misled silo, me and my mate could theoretically destroy most of the earth’s surface.Thusly,after we launch our shit the people in the receiving target area will be pissed and will also launch their own thermo nuclear arsenal. I may be a naked ape but I can fuk up your whole day.

[@MorganTiller]

"The reason i do not believe any other animal has entered the stone age is because there is no evidence". I laughed out loud when you said this because it is a perfect sentence and i dream to be this excellent

[@maureenj.odonnell4438]

Me too!

[@atlantic_love]

Perfect sentence in your opinion. If you wish to be excellent, then you may want to brush up on your grammar. Bless your heart.

[@localbod]

@@atlantic_love You are hilarious. Advising someone to brush up on their grammar and at the same time forgetting that if clauses are followed by a comma.

[@quetzalcoatlz]

​@@localbodman I love when I see this happen. The person's high as a kite sniffing their own ass. Much like the teacher's pet, raising their hand up for every question to be "smarter," than everyone else.

[@titolino73]

Can you make an example please?I don't understand what you mean ....thanks !

[@edligon1154]

Thanks NORTH 02....we all enjoy your good work.

[@bongofury3176]

as a lifelong lithics collector and researcher I found that really interesting and even I learnt something. your voice is so laid back. made learning seem very relaxed. chill on my man. chill on

[@jpd4627]

Your series is simply fantastic. Thank you for the unbiased and factual input you have included in the series. Its unusual to find subjects where all sides are represented equally without favoring one viewpoint over another. Also when you make a statement that is not backed by solid evidence you state it as a possibility not as a fact. Well done you have gained a new fan. I look forward to more from you. Thank you

[@jellogirl27]

This was one of your best! That's saying a lot because your content is always so well done. Thank you

[@mickymaust2059]

Legos 🤔

[@gequitz]

Agreed. Good to refresh my knowledge, and seems accessible for newbies too

[@j.b.4340]

I enjoy gathering Aterian points. A video on the North African Capsian culture, or the Iberomurasian culture would be interesting.

[@NORTH02]

Where you from

[@Flavv_Sav]

when you gather Aterian points, do you mean you just randomly find them in random caves or do you find rocks (idk what material is Aterian points is) and carve them?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Aterian is older than "Iberomaurusian" (I now prefer Oranian culture because we learned it was not related to Iberia in any way, only very indirectly via West Asia) and both are older than Capsian. I gather that the only relation among them is NW African geography. But granted that Tamazgha deserves a bit more paleo-love.

[@Noble4Truths]

Adding the first use of controlled fire would have been a great milestone in this video. I love your content!

[@terrysincheff6682]

There is some evidence that Homo Naledi used fire.

[@LuisAldamiz]

True, very true. Fire was the first tool most likely.

[@colatf2]

@@LuisAldamiz what about pointy stick or fish hook or raft/canoe

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@colatf2 - The two latter ones are clearly much more recent, definitely the fishing hook is. Pointy stick is something that some chimps and crows use but some animals also use rocks to open nuts and shells, often in a clearly planned manner, so IMO pointy sticks and random rocks are pre-human, controlled use of fire is specifically human, almost definitorily human.

[@garethbaus5471]

​​@@LuisAldamiz fishhooks due to their small size are extremely unlikely to survive very long, and despite that we have preserved fishhooks from over 20,000 years ago, it is quite reasonable to assume they are significantly older than that although it obviously isn't known how much older than that they might be.

[@Brains-me1tp]

What common modern day item would you most like to be found by the humans in 10,000 years?

[@procrastinates]

Microplastics

[@utubeu8129]

McDonalds coffee cups, prophylactics, and drug needles.

[@monakw]

The jewelry I made.✌

[@twonumber22]

a Far Side calendar

[@ElPresidentepe]

Bible, perhaps

[@rubykearns3536]

Another great video.. I've always had a love of geology and it never ceases to amaze exactly what you said about how tools made of stone look so similar to any old stone! Thanks for your chilled manner of narration, and thorough coverage of your subjects. They make my day 👌

[@silo548]

I'd like to thank you for making this series and your other videos that I've watched. Especially appreciated is your attention to scientific facts. It must be a very time consuming research process that sets you apart from many other you tube presentations. Please keep up the good work it's very greatly received and incredibly entertaining. Once again thanks.

[@JJ-fe1mx]

Your transitions are fantastic! Love the quality and thoughtful content. Always look forward toward your uploads, thanks for uploading for us!

[@lukeramsay9487]

Another quality production. Thank you for your work, it is appreciated 🙂

[@jasonborn867]

Unlike stone artifacts from the Oldowan era requiring minimal practice or training the Acheulean period was a remarkable breakthrough in that generational knowledge was needed to model such precision knapping techniques. This type of accumulated knowledge strongly suggests verbal communication was used to teach such intricate methods. Excellent video - like button smashed!

[@LuisAldamiz]

Yes but they tended to repeat the same model over and over like forever: they lacked creative imagination, something that only really blooms with the arrival of our species (even Neanderthal Mousterian techno-culture was relatively repetitive and lacked imagination relative to our highly diverse and innovative techs).

[@utubeu8129]

try watching an instruction video and turn the sound off, Many do it due to crappy music ect. you can learn much by just watching. Verbal communication is unimportant and possibly a detriment.

[@virutech32]

@@utubeu8129 while copying by seeing works just fine, language is definitely not a detriment to that process.

[@jasonborn867]

@@LuisAldamiz Agreed Homo Sapien technology advanced rapidly, but not sure Neandertals were originally using birch pitch to haft their points. It's true our species showed greater innovation, but that's not to suggest earlier species didn't have technological breakthroughs.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@jasonborn867 "Halve"? "Haft" you must mean. In any case, I don't mean that Neanderthals were not somewhat creative and quite smart: they were and they did diversify somewhat within the Mousterian basic tech (and at some point even learned blade tech: Chatelperronian) but they seem rather conservative and less creative compared with our species, which was experimenting with quasi-metallurgy (heat retouch) and extremely sophisticated bone tools in Africa since quite early days and then of course the notorious blade tech (mode 4, Upper Paleolithic) and other associated innovations like dog domestication, the needle or the (probably decisive) atltal or dart propeller.

[@helmann9265]

Your voice was just awesome! So calm and relaxed 😌 This video is perfect for Winter Solstice day (21 December 2022)

[@iamtheroadwanderer]

So awesome. I enjoyed seeing the artifacts that you are talking about, it's hard to find a lot of information with reference points to the artifacts, so you did a good job! Thanks. 👍👍

[@lorenzovelasque3668]

I love your work and I love your voice its really relaxing! Whatever videos you do or if you decide to do new stuff keep at it its all good.

[@damianabbate4423]

Thanks so much for these great videos you've made. My son and i really enjoy spending our evenings watching these. Thanks for taking the time to make them interesting and very soothing to watch.

[@prairierider7569]

I’ve already watched this twice, had to come check if anything new, loving rewatching this. To North 02 and all commenters happy holidays

[@SuperManning11]

Hope you have a great time in Italy! I spent a year in central Italy learning the language and just having a wonderful experience. The experience has served me very well over the years and the memories have stayed strong and vivid for many, many years. Congrats on this channel-I have been with you since the beginning and I’m just thrilled to see the growth! Buona fortuna per il tuo viaggio in Italia! Ne sono sicuro che troverai molte cose bellissime e avrai la tua mente espansa in modi che ora non puoi imaginare. La vita è bella e pensata per essere goduta al massimo

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

This was a very well done video! Excellent quality, from research, to writing, to imagery, to production quality, it all comes together perfectly!

[@280SE]

Calm down it’s just low quality slide show images with a script 😂

[@donalee13]

I resently found your channel. Great videos! I'm looking forward to watching more of your work!

[@oobrocks]

U said “humans are too slow to chase animals for hunting “ True humans are slow we can run further than any other animals and this how we first hunted “persistence hunting”

[@formulajuan6038]

Thank you for another great episode!

[@ChrisVillagomez]

Prehistory and events in places that didn't really have proper civilizations like the Tollense River Valley Massacre are so fascinating

[@hollymorris785]

Always so happy to see a new video from you!

[@godfingah]

This video is inspiring and peaceful. Thank you for the work you did.

[@samreh6156]

Humans are able to chase down prey, albeit slowly. We won't win in the sprint but will outlast most of them walking rapidly or jogging.

[@kory5179]

4:05 I was thinking about something similar at the start of the video. "Those that came after." Imagine being born into the second technological species on earth. Learning about ancient humans that died off million of years ago. Maybe even finding out that they left Earth to colonize space when it "died" because of us. I'm sure this won't happen, but it'd be a cool story.

[@galaxystarrs5432]

I love learning about ancient history and evolution. I can see humans evolved their weapon choices like they "upgraded". You can really see how far we've gone and its amazing.

[@rljpdx]

this is the morning to binge North 02 content. really enjoying your stuff. thanks.

[@kevincronk7981]

I'm sure that long before stone tools we had wooden tools which were identifiably crafted fairly precisely. We humans have a bodypart which can be used to whittle wood with great precision, although some difficulty with hard types of wood: our fingernails. Alternatively sticks can be rubbed against rough rocks to sand them into a shape, which is effective enough that even with access to a modern pocketknife sometimes it's worthwhile. Break a stick well, sand it with a rough rock, and make some finishing touches with your very own fingernails and you can make very fine tools, no crafted stone tools required. Edit: you mentioned chimps biting sticks to get sharp edges, and I can't believe I didn't even think of teeth while writing a comment about a bodypart that can be used to make wooden tools. Between breaking sticks, using your teeth, and using your fingernails, you could probably make fine wooden tools just with your own body parts.

[@mypetgiraffe4236]

Hey North 02! I'm sorry you got sick. Thats just no fun. Love your videos! Do them when you can. I personally will stay subscribed. 😊

[@Josh-ls3wi]

I find your content fascinating. I'm always looking to learn more about our origins. Thank you

[@vancedreessen6568]

This video is so good north keep it up

[@SimonAmazingClarke]

One of the biggest differences between us and any other animal, we carry things from pkace to place. Nothing else does this.

[@SPW812]

Excited to see this episode!

[@RedcoatsReturn]

A superb, detailed and factual documentary! 😲👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏😊Well done my friend you go to the top of the class, beautifully narrated and exemplary researched too! 👍👍

[@larserikolofosterling2338]

Thank you for your very interesting and well done blogs. I do enjoy listening to them very much! Until the next have a nice day!

[@nhamty599]

Thank you for making this informative and interesting video despite your illness. Speedy recovery.

[@YanoshRagauld]

Fantastic vid. Beautifully Informative. Lovely tone, great items to see. Those hominids you talk of, they are ancestors to us all ay, Reminded me that we really are one big family . Great work cuz

[@DarthStardom]

Could you ever make a video on all of the different Caves our ancient human buddies utilized and lived in?

[@slappy8941]

That's thousands of caves.

[@garybobst9107]

....and a mighty voice echoed across the world, ' Try banging the rocks together,guys.' The rest is history....

[@charlemagnesclock]

Oldowan tools were found on Socotra Island in 2008. This has HUGE implications for the age of all technologies that would have been baseline for them to have gotten there.

[@maureenj.odonnell4438]

Tell me more, please!

[@charlemagnesclock]

@@maureenj.odonnell4438 I highly recommend Daniel Everett's work on the development of complex language by H. Erectus. He discusses the implications of the Socotra Oldowan finds with respect to that interest in his 2017 book "How Language Began." He does not dig too deeply into the implications for the technologies, but focuses on the language requirements to work with the technologies that must have been. There are two ways to get to Socotra. One is from the horn of Africa and the other is from the coast of the Arabian peninsula. Travel from the horn of Africa is the shorter distance because of the three intermediate islands along the way. The distance travelled varies quite a bit depending on the assumptions made about sea level. But, Oldowan technology lines up best with a very warm period, which would have made sea level quite a bit higher than it is now - perhaps as much as 150 meters. That may have been enough to eliminate with intermediate islands, or at least reduced them to mere specs in the ocean. So we could be talking about a blue water crossing of as much as 160 kilometers, and perhaps more. There's some variance here. Island hopping at current sea level puts the longest passage at about 75 kilometers, give or take. But perhaps more importantly, the currents can be pretty strong in the area. Everett argues in favor of an Arabian departure because of the currents. All we have is conjecture, and it is not always easy to determine how best to apply Occam's Razor in these situations. So, what we have is a need for blue water watercraft capable of transporting a viable human population. I have a hard time seeing a large tree being felled and hollowed out to make a blue water canoe with Oldowan technology. Occam nudges us in the direction of a large steerable raft. That means cordage, lots of it, and of a very high quality. It also implies an ability to stock provisions. So while the surviving evidence for these skills only goes back a couple tens of thousands of years, Socotra is telling us to think in excess of 1.5 million years. The challenge of course is that we are talking about key artifacts that are highly unlikely to have survived or left their traces even if we are looking for those traces. Now that said, we are talking about what we can detect with current technologies and methods. So if a rope or raft that is 1.7 million years old somehow managed to leave a trace of its existence, what would that trace look like? What and where should we look? Those are probably questions that will have to be answered by future generations.

[@ONLYFOREXX]

@@charlemagnesclock imagine the ocean. Thousand of things probably older and nobody knows.. or some people just over look

[@bryanjames5256]

Very good content North O2. I still think about our conversation about the lack of hominids in North America. My continued interest in the topic is taking me back to school and hopefully a long career in Paleoanthropology. At least that's my dream. Once again, thank you for the content and fueling my interests.

[@andrewvoros4037]

So, another lesson for North 02 in not using the implied preconceived notions: it is natural to imagine that someone made a fine "needle" blank, and then meticulously drilled through a very thin blank to make the eye of that needle. It would be more common sense that the let's say, 3" x 1/4 inch blank was drilled through at one end, and then grinding the blank into needle shape around the pre-drilled hole.

[@SkipidyFlipity]

I'm blown away by how they got all this real time footage of early humans building these tools!

[@mrkiky]

Thank goodness we had camera technology back then. Now I'm really curious of what humans looked like and what they did before cameras, but unfortunately it's impossible to know.

[@smol6134]

@@mrkiky you joke?

[@tomtortoise4263]

Good as usual.My only criticism,one that has previously been noted,is that humans ,because of our ability to sweat,can exhaust prey,antelope etc,by persistant hunting,running animals to exhaustion.This technique,which has been used since very ancient times is effective.It has been used up until recent times by the San and other hunter groups in Africa.

[@jredmane]

Hominins more basal than H. erectus we're not generally as efficient runners as erectus and subsequent members of genus Homo, including ourselves, so it's possible the oldest tools were used by species who didn't customarily engage in persistence hunting.

[@jamesm1]

@@jredmane yeah our evolutionary ancestors got most of their meat from scavenging lion kills and such. Stone tools were useful for cutting meat and to get bone marrow, etc..

[@davidfiler7439]

And yet in some parts of the world modern man has still to master the use of a keyboard's Space Bar!

[@loke6664]

That wouldn't leave any artifacts though which is what this episode is all about. So it certainly is an interesting topic but not the right one to discuss here.

[@davidfiler7439]

@@DG-iw3yw And to do so whilst not understanding a single word of any of it.

[@PaperPenguinMusicExtensions]

thank you so much North 02!

[@aaronadams112]

Good video buddy. Well put together and such an interesting topic.

[@MikeJones-yo8en]

I appreciate you leaving the coughs in at the end 😂 As a vocalist in a band, I know the struggle

[@sacredweeds]

I appreciate how you always mention that something is the oldest found acknowledging that it takes a technology time to develop into the technology found.

[@alicerose9140]

Thanks, that was the most interesting 26 minutes of my day. I wonder if stone tools were favoured for millions of years because they cannot be improved upon, given the time & technology required for making a metal version.

[@nizefella]

Very informative presentation on a fascinating topic! Thanks.

[@skystalgia5072]

i like these videos i go arrowhead hunting in the local fields so cool to find something held by someone 100s even 1000s of years ago

[@urbannsquirrel]

Keeping the cough in at the end was a nice touch 👌🤣 I'm watching this right now while sick, so I feel you. Excellent video as always, and your voice held out until the end 👏

[@susanzoefelix6631]

Another fascinating video thank you North

[@wafikiri_]

Get well soon! Nice touch at the end, I love Bossa nova.

[@benyamin6085]

I like this channel, calms me down & easup my stress, every time I listen to, make me realize we're just talking animals

[@olliedavis6130]

Don’t really know really what to say. You are brilliant and your hard work is so appreciated. By the way in the south west of England we have copper and tin mines that are older than 7 thousand years. You have to watch out so you don’t fall down them!

[@waynetaylor2930]

I love your work it's very informative.

[@miadel5846]

Wonderful as always

[@CAM-fq8lv]

Your voice is always amazing. Such a pleasure to listen to. Wonderful content. What surprises me is how similar technologies developed in disparate places at the same time. Thoughts?

[@nothingmuch8865]

Love your content, cheers!

[@justincasey5975]

Just carry on with the conversation, I love listening to you with a whiskey and a nice smoke.

[@ParameterGrenze]

I really like the artwork of stone age scenes at the beginning. I know them all from a book I was devouring as a kid.

[@user-gn6vv7ir5v]

bro sounds awesome thx this info was insanely cool

[@shane1648]

I don't know if you will see this, but I've noticed lately there have been some intriguing discoveries in paleo-archeology - I almost wondered if you did "news bits" but trickle in some back story information about the history and possible implications of new finds in an open ended manner. Less like a news feed and more like a monthy informational update. Just an offhand thought. But don't stop your awesome videos :)

[@gaylecheung3087]

Much more then I expected, fascinating!

[@garyk.nedrow8302]

Tool use is probably far older than commonly thought. The fashioning of Oldowan stone tools is usually attributed to homo habilis 2.6 millions years ago, but the tools are so crude that it seems likely later species of australopithecus, perhaps garthi, pioneered their use over 3 million years ago from rough edges formed naturally. Early Homo erectus appears to have inherited Oldowan technology and, over time, refined it into the Acheulean stone technology, beginning about 1.7 million years ago. They improved on the stone knapping technique continuously until homo erectus went extinct around 110,000 years ago. Neanderthals inherited the Acheulean stone tool technology when they branched off from homo erectus or an intermediate species about 600,000 years ago and took the technology with them into Europe. They were still using the same technology when they went extinct 45,000 years ago. By comparison, homo sapiens probably branched from homo erectus about 350,000 years ago and did not markedly improve on the technology until about 60,000 years ago, when the last wave of migration out of Africa occurred. After that time, the sophistication and variety of the tool kit of homo sapiens dramatically increased, suggesting a larger and more complex neo-cortex made possible by an improved diet that was in turn made possible by improved tools in a feedback loop. What anthropologists cannot reconstruct are the non-stone tools of ancient homo sapiens, such as snares, nets, traps, bags, rope, and wood or clay bowls which may have existed in crude form, but have not survived. For example, primitive tribes still cook meat and vegetables with water in bags made of hide by dropping hot rocks into the liquid, but evidence for that would likely survive only for a short time. A small fragment of 3-ply cord was found in a 50,000 year old Neanderthal site. Since Neanderthals are not known for their innovation, it is possible cord or rope making was part of the tools of earlier hominids in Africa and used by Neanderthals before they migrated into Europe. We have no way of establishing a definitive date for that technology, since rope or could would have been woven by hand long before any dedicated tools were developed as an aid to fabrication. Wild fire from lightning strikes occur naturally, and australopithecines might have used uncontrolled fire sporadically (animals killed in the fire might have given them the idea), but the ability to keep and control fire apparently came much later and the ability to make fire even later than that -- none of which can be accurately dated without evidence for a hearth, which generally means inside a cave. In South Africa, homo erectus was apparently using fire 1 million years ago, but there is nothing in the surviving tool kit to suggest they were making fire; they probably brought flaming branches from natural grass fires into the cave and tended the fire continuously as long as they remained in residence. We simply don't know.

[@Smooth_Brained_Hot_Takes]

Another rad video, man!

[@joeshmoe8345]

Too cool, thanks for sharing this with us big dog!

[@HistoryFirst]

Dear North02, I really like your videos and they are always well made. Would you consider making a video on Ancient India or Ancinet Humans in India? I think India is often overlooked in the archaeological community, and there's much to learn.

[@magiwarwolf1]

I absolutely agree. Such a vibrant and complex culture, intricate mythology, and pride among them. Not to mention the fantastic food. I would love to learn more and have it presented in this format.

[@miadel5846]

Wonderful video, as usual

[@celsus7979]

That was very interesting, thank you!

[@linag7308]

Oh a cup of coffee and mu favorite channel. What a morning! Thank you.

[@someoneelse4492]

Great video, thanks north

[@rebekahrothleder6766]

The oldest stone tools were found by professors at my school and talking to them about it is so crazy

[@King.Mark.]

so much human history lost to the ice age up north ,great video ps, i would say to make a neadle you drill the holes first then carve lots at the same time

[@Where_is_Waldo]

This was the most interesting video I've seen on youtube in a long time.

[@MrNeelpandit]

Underrated channel 👍

[@joshthemediocre7824]

These shows sure make me question if we are doing "being human" right as a whole. Why are we the only animals who have to pay other members of our species just to exist. Who says we're supposed to be living in houses they we don't build? who says we should be driving cars or using computers that 99% of us could never build if given all the parts? Who says we are supposed to go to work to make this paper that they could make endless amounts of if they wanted, but they don't? why are we like we are? The weed i smoked before this only enhances my curiosity.

[@mbvoelker8448]

Really fascinating!

[@LuisAldamiz]

Some chimps (specifically the Westernmost culture) make crude spears to attack chipmunks, not monkeys. This is because chimpmunks are burrowers, monkeys aren't.

[@ellenzluticky6211]

Happiness is a NEW North 02 Video

[@etiennenobel5028]

fascinating. great stuff

[@cavecavecavecave5295]

Great video man. Awesome. Liked and subbed.

[@user-McGiver]

stone hooks.... come on!... stone hooks!.... unbelievable amount of work and skill... wow!

[@stevemoyer2273]

Another great video. Thank you

[@scoutcombs3923]

Can we get an update on homo naledi with new proof of fire inside of the cave?

[@AuthenticDarren]

A good and informative video, I most enjoyed it.

[@Johannes_Brahms65]

Could it be that you used the beginning of the text before? Or did I have a déja vu? Anyways, you're still my favorite channel before sleep. Thanks again!

[@AD_DO]

Cool across the board tool's Thank you for the video 👍

[@terrysincheff6682]

I would like to know more about the people (all Hominins) of the Bolling-Allerod. Could you cover their various ways of life, and tools.

[@africanexplorermagazine]

I went to the Hells gate National park at the beginning of the year. It's a volcanically active area, so active we get our geothermal energy from that area. 891.8 MW of installed geothermal capacity worth. I tried to crack a glass volcanic rock to take home. It left me with glass splinters. My fingers were bleeding. Then I remembered hominins were living in such areas for thousands or even millions of years. It's the same park that inspired the lion king movie.

[@jillianwarriner8730]

The random ad that played was titled 'Meet Pointy', a POS system, but it stays under the video and I thought it was amusingly appropriate for this video

[@KetsaKunta]

It's so interesting how they had different types of stone tools for all sorts of different purposes. They would probably easily be able to tell the difference between a scraping stone and a chopping stone like we can distinguish between hammers and wrenches. But tbh all those stones look pretty similar to me lol.

[@SLBLADE]

In Canada the Manitou creator Stone meteorite has a face and buffalo on it the same as the stones.