Thank you for this interview. I was quite impressed with the description Dr Madigan gave about his familial roots. Apparently he grew up in a family and community immersed in "Irish socialism." He explained that his working-class immigrant parents started the first ever camp for under-privileged inner-city youth (in Toronto?) - wow! Did a young Dr Madigan help them in this noble endeavour? How did it shape his outlook on life? Further, his older sister brought him into the rebellious spirit of the "halcyon" days of the late 1960s, presumably connected to protesting the US-led Vietnam War - a double wow! I would've liked the interviewer to have explored how Dr Madigan's upbringing in this incredibly rich environment of radical politics affected his career as a therapist or even of life itself! (That was a missed opportunity, in my opinion.) Has he taken the socialist torch his parents (and sister?) carried for many years into his therapist career and/or other aspects of his life? Perhaps Dr Hoff can do a second interview with Dr Madigan where they can engage in some serious discussion around how he incorporated these ideas of rebellion into his life. That would be fascinating for a progressive psychology grad student like myself (and for other people, too, I assume).