The rise and fall of the medieval Islamic Empire - Petra Sijpesteijn & Birte Kristiansen

Trace the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire, from the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century to the sacking of Baghdad.
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In the 7th century CE, the prophet Muhammad united the people of the Arabian Peninsula through the formation of Islam. Over the next 30 years, caliphs conquered vast areas beyond Arabia, including their mighty neighbors the Persians and Byzantines. But an empire this vast was at risk of conflict and fracture. Petra Sijpesteijn and Birte Kristiansen detail the rise and fall of the Islamic Empire.
Lesson by Petra Sijpesteijn & Birte Kristiansen, directed by Elahe Baloochi, Fardi Mahmoodi.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Mark Morris, Misaki Sato, EdoKun, SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Lex Azevedo, Michael Aquilina, Jason A Saslow, Yansong Li, Cristóbal Moenne, Dawn Jordan, Prasanth Mathialagan, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Dominik Kugelmann - they-them, Siamak Hajizadeh, Ryohky Araya, Mayank Kaul, Christophe Dessalles, Heather Slater, Sandra Tersluisen, Zhexi Shan, Bárbara Nazaré, Andrea Feliz, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora, Noel Situ, emily lam, Sid, Niccolò Frassetto, Mana, I'm here because of Knowledge Fight Facebook group., Linda Freedman, Edgardo Cuellar, Jaspar Carmichael-Jack, Michael Burton, VIVIANA A GARCIA BESNE, The Vernon's, Olha Bahatiuk, Jesús Bíquez Talayero, Chels Raknrl, Sai Pranavi Jonnalagadda, Stuart Rice, Jing Chen, Vector-Dopamine math, Jasper Song, Giorgio Bugnatelli, Chardon and Eddy Trochez.

[@TEDEd]

But this wasn’t the end of mighty empires ruling the region! In the late 13th century came the Ottoman Empire - one of the longest-lasting dynasties in world history. What enabled its rise to power? Check our our video on the early days of the Ottomans to find out: bit.ly/TEDEdOttoman

[@YOOP1.0]

Still a lot to say about such important empire , civilisation and culture . ask about AL ANDALUS scientists and you gonna find some great names in the history of the humanity , lets start with Abu Al-Qasim you may never now him but without this man we could be too late in modern surgery . About lands only this man Ahmad al-Mansur control almost half of AFRICA under ISLAMIC MOROCCAN empire . finally thank you guys for the video , I hope we will see more videos about this empire with more homework 😉

[@safwat_ullah]

Thank you :)

[@theenlightenedone1283]

*The decline was prophesied* as The era of the true community of Islam was about to arise among the 72 fake sects of Islam The 73rd sect is a community and they follow the promised Messiah / Mahdi who was prophesied to come in the year 1800 a.d./ 1300 hijri (Islamic year)

[@theenlightenedone1283]

72 فرقے چھوڑ کر ایک جماعت بن جانے کا وقت آگیا ہے خلیفہ وقت کے ہاتھ پہ بیعت ہی پاکستان/اسلامی ممالک کی بقا ہے علماء صو سے بچیئے/ نام نہاد لیڈروں سے بھی

[@hassanali6772]

When you say in video that Fatmids were not actually very closely related to Muhammad, is it true?

[@mrmiah84]

I do appreciate the effort made and the respect shown to Islam as a religion and belief by covering/not showing the faces of the Prophet (PBUH) and his successor. Thank you.

[@marcstump8189]

What is it about Islam that doesn't allow images of the prophet? I understand it's not viewed as a good thing but am trying to understand the logic behind it. Thanks!

[@mrmiah84]

@@marcstump8189 Thanks for the question! Preface; please bear in mind I am not a fully-fledged expert in this. However, in Islam, humans are believed to be God's creation and the Prophet (PBUH) is considered to be God's greatest creation of all. Therefore, humans are not allowed to draw him (PBUH) because no-one is capable of recreating God's creation, we cannot reproduce God's creation. This is because every single human creation (whatever that creation may be) has some sort of flaw, one way or another, (because of human nature) but God's creations do not. Another reason is the danger of idol worship. Idol-worshipping in Islam is completely forbidden, highlighting the religion's monotheistic feature. There is a danger that such images and drawings of significant religious figures may be taken on by some groups and be worshipped to (perhaps in the the present, or further generations down). Consequently, Islamic art mainly revolves around calligraphy and/or geometric shapes and designs. Thanks again for the question, I hope this helps!

[@n.w.flannel3463]

Well, Muslims don't want what happened with Jesus and the Christians to happen to us (although, it's still not great.) The Prophet Muhammad was a man - the greatest of men, of course - but a man, nonetheless. Giving him an image would increase the chances of worshipping creation rather than Creator exponentially. 🤷‍♂️

[@user-el2yw1kb5h]

@@n.w.flannel3463 Great answer 👍

[@SalmonSushi47]

And if you really want an image read prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) biography.

[@abdullahmuhammadfaathir6531]

"In one week, libraries and their treasures that had been accumulated over hundreds of years were burned or otherwise destroyed. So many books were thrown into the Tigris River, according to one writer, that they formed a bridge that would support a man on horseback" (Harris, History of Libraries in the Western World 4th ed [1999] 85).

[@DrSarhana]

Assalamu Alaikum

[@Mjeed_ALamri]

@@DrSarhana وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله 🌹

[@somerandomnaame8229]

The same went down when the islamists burned the books in India. They burned for days too.

[@uncommon_name9337]

That's just sad. Just when the world was recovering from losing the legendary Alexandria Library too.

[@samiam1059]

@@somerandomnaame8229 keep crying lindus

[@mr.m3728]

As an Arab it's great to see a video about our history. Not overgloriefied by our school books. And not vilified by media. Edit:Mf's ok :"as a Muslim..." happy now?

[@dork7546]

Every empire did bad things but whenever we like it or not these, these things led us where we are today so we might as well learn history as it actually happened.

[@manuelg4867]

Better not draw Muhammed or they will cut off your head!

[@pab1161]

@@dork7546 huh… 💀

[@inanjarif1388]

@@dork7546 Well, every country teaches a biased version of history, even if only slightly. If you want to know the real facts, you need to compare primary sources, and there's no way a 4th grader would bother. So yeah, I guess education can be somewhat brainwashing.

[@Hex-Mas]

Religion is fake.

[@tahasajid6261]

Don't you love it when they actually pronounce it as Islam and not "izlam" and Muslim not "muzlim" ? Kudos to ted ed for telling the unbiased history.

[@galaxyguy4247]

Thank god they didnt call it "mozlem"

[@jamalakinade8175]

@TheExplorer we are btw

[@abdillahfamilychannel8418]

Salam from Indonesia

[@mrafi7166]

@TheExplorer bigot

[@yocoloco532]

@TheExplorer bigot

[@abouttime837]

This is very thoughtful. Not only did they get a narrator that can pronounce these names accurately but they were considerate about not drawing faces of the prophet and specific companions. Well done!

[@abbasja1]

Bag-Dad and Cayyliff ruined it for me lol

[@michaelrosenstock9187]

No they're just afraid someone will shoot them, Never forget Never forgive Charlie Hebdo

[@HEZAMOTOSPORTswag]

I know why Muhammad is depicted as faceless by muslims, but why his successurs? Why elevate them to the same status as the prophet

[@HEZAMOTOSPORTswag]

@@Neopetopia This isnt convincing enough. There are millions of muslims that througout the ages drew themselves and others. Furthermore, basically every single caliph had official portraits made of themselves. I understand that muslim families are usually very big, with the prophet himself having like 11 wifes, and then also his companions that had many too. Why would it be forbidden to draw the face of the companions children? Why do a lot of muslim's cherish these people? You can find official monuments everywhere dedidcated to these rather insignificant children of the companions. So again, why elevate them to the same status as the Prophet when they are just regular people who arent special at all.

[@chairforce664]

@@HEZAMOTOSPORTswag Insignificant children? sorry but there are many significant ones like Hasan,Husayn,Abdulla ibn Zubair, Ibn Umar, Abu Hanifa etc...

[@TEDEd]

Though most maps are drawn in ink, their borders and names are constantly shifting. For the purposes of this animation, we chose to refer to the important cities of the Islamic Empire by their most commonly used English and Farsi names. But keep in mind that many of the places mentioned in this lesson have a variety of names in multiple languages. Share what name YOU refer to these cities by below!

[@osmanadan2249]

You should refer them with their ancient names.

[@Just_A_Stranger]

The making of humanity(Book by. Robert Briffault): " it was under their successors at that Oxford school that Roger Bacon learned Arabic and Arabic science. Neither Roger Bacon nor his later " - Page 200 " namesake has any title to be credited with having introduced the experimental method. Roger Bacon was no more than one of the apostles of Muslim science and method to Christian Europe ; and he never wearied of declaring that a knowledge of Arabic and Arabian science was for his contemporaries the only way to true knowledge. " - Page 201 " and those arose directly and solely as a result of Arabian civilization. Down to the fifteenth century whatever scientific activity existed in Europe was engaged in assimilating Arab learning without greatly adding to it " - Page 202 The history of science and the new humanism(Book by. George Sarton): " perhaps the main, as well as the least obvious, achievement of the Middle Ages, was the creation of the experimental spirit, or more exactly its slow incubation. This was primarily due to Muslims down to the end of the twelfth century " - Page 114 New Researches Into the Composition and Exegesis of the Qoran(Book by. Hartwig Hirschfeld): " We must not be surprised to find the Qoran regarded as the fountain-head of all the sciences " - Page 9 The Essays or Counsels Civil and Moral(Book by. Francis Bacon): " It is true, that a little philosophy inclineth man's mind to atheism; but depth in philosophy bringeth men's minds about to religion. " - Of Atheism - In fact, many experts recognize Ibn al-Haytham, who lived in present-day Iraq between 965 and 1039 A.D., as the founder of the scientific method. He invented the pinhole camera, discovered the laws of refraction and studied a number of natural phenomena, such as rainbows and eclipses.

[@Sardaribraheem277]

I am an old subscriber, I prefer to make a video about how Americans used Muslims to attack the Soviet Union.

[@BirdQueenPhoenix]

As a Muslim I can confirm mostvif this

[@zeyad8996]

As an arab muslem, I should say that this video is biased, distorted and not accurate.

[@MaskedManMike]

Thank you for the first part depicted with respect, fact and non-bias . If I asked my dad, he'd get carried away with the shiah perspective of what happened. If I asked others, I get the sunni view, and everyone gets carried away with the politics. I just wanted to know what happened. Thanks!!!

[@peachymilkteaa4846]

yess I cannot agree more. I'm so glad this topic is being discussed by such a big channel

[@vahidebrahimi9750]

I was raised Shiah as well and I completely understand the struggle that is dealing with this paradoxical nature of the information that we receive. But even after watching this video, I still don't think I know what happened. I think this video was also the Sunni side of the story. If I show this video to my dad, he will start ranting on and on about how the prophet DID choose a successor and that the caliphs of the Sunni were simply a bunch of power-hungry hypocrites (except for the fourth caliph, of course). If I ask a Sunni about what happened...well, actually I don't have any Sunni friends and I've never been exposed to their ideologies but I'm sure they have their own version of history as well. anyways, what I mean to say is I understand the uncertainty but this video did not solve that and I am currently living in a country (Iran) that is run by an ideology that I cannot 100 percent believe in.

[@peachymilkteaa4846]

@@vahidebrahimi9750 true we must also take into account that the majority of Muslims are Sunni and many people especially younger sunni Muslims aren't aware of the shia point of view. quite sad really.

[@vahidebrahimi9750]

@@peachymilkteaa4846 It is sad. although I think the internet really helps with that. (as long as the youtube algorithm isn't feeding off your confirmation bias.) A few years ago I thought I was aware of the Sunni point of view but it turns out this awareness was almost completely coming from shia sources who were obviously forcing their own narratives onto me. (although I don't think it's their fault.) but now that I go on the internet, I can see that the Sunni are people too!! but still, all that leaves me with is an uncertainty not just about religion really but about everything. politics, social issues, science etc. at 20 years old, I feel like I should be certain about SOMETHING. (sorry for opening up to you all of a sudden.)

[@wa9ilaidk43]

@@vahidebrahimi9750 the only certainty is hadith and quran. Don't fetch too much into history, it will forever be inaccurate in something

[@muhammadrizkyst85]

as a Muslim I feel so sad knowing how this happened. "Destruction starts from Corruption". We should learn from history so we can create a brighter future

[@annoyingisheep574]

indonesia number 1

[@jk-gb4et]

bangladesh pakistan turkey egypt indonesia malaysia and i guess literally every big muslim country recently :(

[@simo4907]

Islamic countries are the most corrupted for a reason

[@manuelg4867]

Better not draw Muhammed or they will cut off your head!

[@nafsii04]

@@jk-gb4et they claim to be islamic but doesnt even follow the teachings of the prophet 🥲

[@Sid-mj1qf]

After Fire of Alexandria library and the destruction of Nalanda university, the siege of Baghdad is another painful moment in history, Think how much information we lost with it...

[@hakimdiwan5101]

The only difference is unlike you Hindus we don't hate present day Mongols and abuse all of them for actions of their rulers of past.

[@HinduPAGANcowpissdrinkerRAKESH]

Nalanda is overly animated! Most it was spiritual rather than scientific academic like bagdad

[@atrijaghosh7418]

@@HinduPAGANcowpissdrinkerRAKESH historic texts too...and Indian science was lost there

[@Sid-mj1qf]

@@HinduPAGANcowpissdrinkerRAKESH So what?... Information is information...Many scholars from Tibet, SE Asia, China came to Nalanda and blend of cultures happened here which can be seen even today. And saying Religious text is not as important as scientific in itself is unacceptable...With every religion, science also had growth until mediaeval times where People grew obsession over religion than science.

[@HinduPAGANcowpissdrinkerRAKESH]

@@atrijaghosh7418 indian science was used widely by greek and middleastern scholars. Nalanda was more of a buddist monastery

[@micahbush5397]

To everyone who's asking "What about the Ottomans?": There are large areas of the Islamic world, like Persia, which the Ottomans never controlled and which ended up in the hands of rival powers like the Ilkhanate. The Ottomans also came to power quite late in the Middle Ages, lasted into the Modern era, and controlled large areas where Islam never became the majority religion, so calling it a "medieval Islamic empire" makes only a little more sense than calling the Holy Roman Empire the successor of the Roman Empire.

[@P.H.226]

Actually the ottoman conquest is sometimes mentioned as the beggining of the early modern period in this region. Btw ottomans had some control over parts of western persia but it was temporary. Anyway yeah Ottomans aren't medieval, although thwy started in medieval era

[@uanime1]

Fun fact the medieval period ended in 1453 when the Ottomans conquered Constantinople. In any case other major Muslim empires would be the Egyptian Mamluks (who defeated the crusaders and Mongols), Iranian Safavids (who controlled much of central Asia), and Indian Mughals (who controlled much of India). I don't think Indonesia ever had a comparable Muslim empire.

[@islammehmeov2334]

@@uanime1 Safavids never roll CENTRAL ASIA

[@P.H.226]

@@uanime1 not true. 1453 is one of the dates to end medieval period. It all depends on the region and it consequences. 1492 discovering new way to america is another date for western Europe but surely isn't for Italy. Furthermore for Russia medieval times are basically to the half of XVI century. Ofc there are dozens of dates like that, all depending on the region. Commonly despite the 1 you mentioned are another 3: -1492, mentioned by me -1450 - Gutenberg - 1517 - Luther However there are more dates depending on the region, as i mentioned before. I don't have enough time to educate you on this matter but wikipedia should be efficient for it en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_modern_period

[@alparslan2971]

Ottoman empire controlled most of the known islamic empire's lands like Palestine, Syria, Arabia, Egypt. So the ottomans can definitely be called as the last Muslim superpower.

[@ganaspin]

To think that Damascus was once the capital of a powerful empire! It's really sad to see the situation the city and Syria as a whole were brought to nowadays.

[@ladboii2901]

As well as the city of baghdad

[@momojafar9385]

Got America to thank for that

[@VintageCarEnthusiast5625]

​@@momojafar9385 Zionist global elite who control America. These same people caused 9/11 to start hate and conflict between west and Arabs. Deatg to zionism

[@makara2711]

usa bombs everything

[@mahirrahman8942]

Also Syria are now westernized

[@CryBabiey]

This is the first time I’ve seen a video like this pronouncing the names in correct Arabic pronunciation

[@BasharAlmustafa]

I think the voice actor is an Arabic first speaker.

[@amalsalisu7858]

YES, U SPOKE MY MIND

[@abdulhayel2680]

The narrator does seems to be a first tongue language Arabic speaker. However, it’s a shame that she’s pronouncing “Muhammad” wrong. She’s saying “Mahammad” with an A, while she needs to pronounce it correctly as “MUhammad”. It also would have been respectful to call him “Prophet Muhammad”.

[@rayyanmohammed]

they're pronouncing 'caliph' wrong.

[@umfor]

except for "mEhammad"

[@ulama7828]

In my honors department here at the University of Toronto we learned of the amazing love and respect Adam Smith (Father of Capitalism) had for Islam. In fact, reading his essays he very much respected the Caliphs as 'Magnificent Princes' whom restored the sciences etc of Europe. He gives heavy credit to current success of Europe and the West (Economically) to Islam and Islamic civilization.

[@aysenur6761]

"Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, symbolized the quality of the age along with research into the revolution in energy using fossil fuels. However, from the point of view of continuity in history, Adam Smith's theory of the value of work may have also been a rehash of Ibn Khaldun, the Arab historian from the fourteenth century. Ibn Khaldun pointed out clearly that it was production that was the source of true wealth beyond that of commerce." - Hisao Furukawa, Meiji Japan's Encounter with Modernization, 1995.

[@stoneruler]

So why didnt Arabs lead the world in Finance and Industrial revolution?

[@ulama7828]

@@stoneruler Study history and find out there's a LOT of reasons (mainly being invaded by foreigners).

[@stoneruler]

@@ulama7828 yes, I know that what Arabs and Muslims often use. But Muslim empires were mostly invading other’s themselves do you deny this? So why did they eventually lose?

[@faizahanif9515]

@@stoneruler in my opinion, when an empire becomes way too vast, it starts to breakdown on the inside. That's mainly the reasons these huge empires couldn't survive

[@moneyprinter9269]

im so happy that they covered the face of the prophet. That's really respectful for muslim viewer.

[@uaeknightsgt8260]

that isnt respectful at all they drew the prophet and shaped him

[@whatthefisfilipinx]

Why do they have to cover the prophet's face?

[@user-el2yw1kb5h]

@@whatthefisfilipinx So that we won't also worship another prophet like Christians did

[@user-el2yw1kb5h]

@@uaeknightsgt8260 Yet they didn't show any details, and that's what matters

[@IOomoOl]

@@whatthefisfilipinx First of all to not fall in the same contradiction and political usage as Christianity, where Historically jesus must have been in the Arabic region in Palestine but they pictured him as a European blond not a Semitic , because Rome became the center of the Catholic fate . In addition to that if you put a face to something that people consider devine they will start to draw it and put it everywhere and then there will be someone who will start to worship those pictures eventually by misinterpreting some religious texts , and it could start conflicts among the same religion if people start to prefer a picture to another considering it a religious symbol. So all the prophets in Islam should not be drawn, not only Mohammed. Also God cannot be drawn in Islam, because it minimizes his status as a creator, in Islam God is a completely different entity.

[@joermnyc]

The sack of Baghdad is right up there with the loss of the library of Alexandria, so much written knowledge was lost, possibly forever.

[@theldun1]

ROFLMAO!

[@just-some-muslim]

The myth that Muslims destroyed library of Alexandria is not old yet 🤨

[@starcapture3040]

it wasn't sake but totally destruction the city never recovered until partly in the ottoman era

[@arusirham3761]

Not true

[@manuelg4867]

Better not draw Muhammed or they will cut off your head!

[@micahbush5397]

An interesting aspect that the video didn't touch on was the role political infighting had on the Crusades. The region was already in uproar when the first Crusaders arrived, and had there not been so much division, it's unlikely that the poorly-organized European armies would have enjoyed as much success as they did.

[@abdullahamir119]

Yes the crusades and then the mongols all within two centuries combined with Seljuk Turks from Central Asia and greedy rulers caused the system to collapse

[@alessandrodelogu7931]

The Crusades actually were not as influential for the Muslim world as they were for Europe. For centuries Muslim chroniclers ignored them as an irrelevant fact of local history. Middle Eastern historians and scholars took a real interest in the Crusades only in the XIX century, when European colonialism made them a current issue.

[@nunyabiznes33]

@@alessandrodelogu7931 So, they kinda only hyped up the Crusade centuries after its over?

[@laibahameed689]

@@nunyabiznes33 still not hyped that much while being taught Islamic history we see very little of crusades I personally didn't come to know about them for like 14 years of my life and even then I only studied them in western books Still don't have a good understanding of them

[@nunyabiznes33]

@@laibahameed689 Well I guess it'll only get hyped if there's enough conflict. I remember someone getting flak for mentioning the word years ago, I just don't remember who.

[@trisha4551]

I hope we can get more videos about earlier civilizations (especially within Asia) because it's more fun to learn history with the animation and narrations.

[@jamesgreen4212]

Yeah!! Asian history ain't covered enough thats for sure.

[@justinthyme5263]

It would also help people see that the commonly-believed “white people have been oppressors for all of history” narrative is simply false

[@micahbush5397]

Or how about some of the lesser-remembered empires, like Parthia, the Sassanids, the Ilkhanate, or the Mughals? So many massive kingdoms and empires are often overlooked, even some that contained a huge share of the world population at the time.

[@DrSarhana]

😘🥰🔥

[@hemantagarwal6279]

White washed history. Glorified by removing actual facts. Animation was good though.

[@rhmw9625]

Again: what a great overview of an important empire/culture in world history. A few suggestions that I would find interesting to see: the Frankish empire/Charlemagne, the Han dynasty and ancient Egypt!

[@hanhan9123]

Yes I’d like to hear about my Dynasty

[@adilmohammed6897]

@@hanhan9123 What do you call the emperor of Han Dynasty before he got married?

[@hanhan9123]

@@adilmohammed6897 Emperor Hand?

[@adilmohammed6897]

@@hanhan9123 Han Solo, cause he is single... but yours is good one too

[@richiex3728]

Oh yea what an importanz empire🤐🥴

[@kevin080592]

Was hooked up on the "Arabian nights" trend on tiktok and has started to research aladdin and all the 1001 nights stories and arabian culture all in all and ted ed uploaded it just about now!.. this is so timely and in sync for me 😮🤯

[@Alborzhakimi7010]

Arabian nights is actually borrowed from Persian tails. It is not an Arabian story. Even the names of the characters are all Persian. Search it up

[@antagonist2472]

I appreciate the fact that they didn’t draw any of the prophet’s faces. I mean there are descriptions of each prophets, so they could do that, and even though some people think that it is mandatory, which it is, I just personally love the little attention to details. Cool video I really liked it, very helpful too.

[@Avy42F]

this is because they might be murdered by muslim terrorists.

[@michaelrosenstock9187]

No they're just afraid someone will shoot them, Never forget Never forgive Charlie Hebdo

[@educhann]

i don't think it is out of respect, it is because those radicals will be out for blood of the artist if they showed the face.

[@cringe_lord5762]

@@educhann i mean every religion have radicalism within it, so i guess without bothering them is good idea

[@antagonist2472]

@@educhann fair enough

[@hadiadebbouci9518]

first thing i noticed is covering the face of prophet Mohamed peace be upon him and his successors, thank u for paying attention to this detail! Respect!

[@flowergirl8343]

Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) is not the founder of Islam. He is a prophet of Islam. Religion of Islam (Submission to Almighty God) began with first Human and first prophet of Allah, Adam.

[@user-jo1re3ox1x]

bro they're not Muslim don't be dummy

[@ChanwooPark-me1wc]

중세 이슬람 제국에 대한 내용 잘 봤습니다. 중세 역사는 매우 흥미로운 점이 많은 것 같습니다. 최근에 이런 역사 동영상을 보며 역사 공부를 하고 있는데, 참 유익하고 좋은 것 같습니다. 좋은 영상 감사합니다!

[@islamifinanceurdu1435]

Listen Shekh Hazma

[@wanjuncao3311]

English OK

[@justworship0570]

@@wanjuncao3311 😂

[@_zerosecurity_]

Good listen to Zakir naik

[@philipsullivan4885]

The tree motif is awesome. And I love how the map looks like it may have at the time. A small but incredible detail.

[@mohammedbelgoumri]

Not many English speakers can pronounce Arabic names so beautifully

[@King_of_Cards]

and they displayed Karbala when their map still has Persian empire and they said prophet Muhammad United citys such as macca and madina prophet Muhammad created medina when exiled from macca

[@mohammedbelgoumri]

@@King_of_Cards didn't notice the karbala thing, for the meddina though, I guess the prophet did not create it so much as he renamed it. Yathrib was a fully established city that even was considered by quraish to be an economic competitor to mecca.

[@russiandollie]

The narrator is Safia Elhillo so I'm sure she's fluent in both Arabic and English 😁✌🏻

[@mohammedbelgoumri]

@@russiandollie ig that explains it

[@mohammedbelgoumri]

@@russiandollie Although it doesn't explain why she mispronounced some words in a way that is almost imperceptible to a non-native arabic speaker, but can be noticed by someone who grew up speaking the language. The way she pronounces the prophet's name for example, the vowel after the first m is a shwa, but it should be closer to u. She pronounces it somewhat similarly to how someone speaking an Eastern (Egyptian, Syrian, or gluf) dialect of arabic.

[@adityaranjit9564]

Loved the art style ! Great video !

[@ashtonsalisbury727]

Very strange not knowing any of this history yet recognizing certain names and places from the Crusader Kings games.

[@AM-gm5jg]

Crusader kings games taught me a lot of things

[@jier9904]

@@AM-gm5jg like your daughter being a good political tool, lol

[@AM-gm5jg]

@علي ياسر it is, not a single game gave me the freedom to wreck the caliphate like these

[@l187]

"You presume you are a small entity, but within you is enfolded the entire Universe" - Imam Ali

[@DC-hy2rg]

Great art as always! So stylish and wonderfully detailed, loved it.

[@mrmimeisfunny]

"Many questioned the legitimacy of the Caliphate" seems to be a theme

[@tresnadiprabowo2585]

Thank you for providing a brief and clear history of Islamic Empire! I could not get it in Indonesia, a nation with the largest moslem population in the world. Here is the history too often retold with the overglorified past.

[@moonchild-uh9uc]

same, as an indonesian based on my experience islamic history lessons always ends on the 4th khalifah and the rest 6 khalifah we only remember the names & maybe some facts. now i dont know if its too much to ask but i hope they would teach us these parts that are leading more towards the next era & into the modern world too. i only learned abt muslim scientists and islamic history in europe in college but sadly the learning experience wasnt even effective at all :(

[@tresnadiprabowo2585]

@@moonchild-uh9uc and nobody in Indonesia teaches why and how the caliphate / khalifah period ends.

[@merlotvibe]

Makanya banyak orang salah paham. Tiap dengar kata "Khilafah" pasti pikiran orang² langsung ke radikal radikul.

[@richhornie7000]

@@merlotvibeentah kenapa di Indonesia suka menyama2kan hal yang tidak sama. Anarkis = cinta kekerasan, komunis = ateis, radikal = teroris

[@bogiirvan1779]

Sebuah sistem politik, termasuk kekalifahan, berdasarkan bukti yang dijabarkan di atas, adalah jauh dari sempurna, karena yang sempurna hanya milik Allah Swt.

[@atlanticstate9602]

at the same time there was a golden age in Morocco when the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties created a vast rich empire that connected Europe, Morocco and sub-saharan Africa to one trade route under one state .. and gave us great scientists and thinkers that lived in the capital Marrakech and other cities like Fez and Sevilla.

[@ausbin6102]

that's true .. and that's thanks to tolerance and the coexistence that the empire had .. all religions lived there in peace

[@atlanticstate9602]

@@ausbin6102 of course .. it was the most prosperous country and that helped it a lot in the coming centuries to stay stable to protect it's borders from the growing powers

[@mohammadmehdi1960]

@@ausbin6102 bruh no Almoravids and almohads didn't have tolerance and that's why the Christians were advancing

[@Mirwahatun7]

Another great video by TedEd. Thanks for the accurate pronunciation! We want more history related videos.✨

[@user-zb8hc2im4e]

ong i love dis channel they even let someone speak who pronounces the names fluently

[@aslamnathoo]

Great video. Nice explanation and at the right level for an introductory video. Bravo @TED-Ed. I would love to see a more in-depth one that also references the effect the crusades had. Also, I’m disappointed that this video stopped short of describing the Fatimid dynasty which ruled a massive territory after the Abbasid dynasty. They were notable as a Shia dynasty that ruled over The holy cities and were worth exploring, I feel.

[@paigewhitfield3624]

This is such beautiful history. When I was younger I was fascinated with Arabic and tried to learn it. I need to get back to that 😊

[@yomnaomer9622]

Arabic is quite a unique language indeed!!

[@user-fl8kr2np3s]

tell me if you need help

[@Nathan-ls4xt]

Traitor.

[@paigewhitfield3624]

@@Nathan-ls4xt ?

[@sayooj3716]

Reason for terrr sm is mauhmed

[@Logan-wu5kr]

The way they avoided depicting the Prophet and his relatives face is rather clever.

[@welcomeindarkside6648]

Lol not really

[@30secondsflat]

You find the same technique in classical miniature painting of the time

[@30secondsflat]

@Pierre In Or TED-ED respecting an ancient tradition

[@30secondsflat]

@Pierre In Perhaps this video wasn’t meant for you

[@laibahameed689]

It's called being respectful

[@lenkai3892]

Thank you so much for such a respectful video ❤❤ btw the narrator said the names correctly which is very impressive

[@abdillahfamilychannel8418]

Salam from Indonesia

[@worldlandmarks236]

thanks it was neutral and true and respectful (not showing the prophet's face) keep the great work also good point that you showed the diversity in muslim society , some think it's just arabs

[@z.khatibi7858]

I loved how the script on the map is Persian and kudos to this episode's producers for mentioning the true name of the Persian Golf.

[@user-qx9zn2cj4e]

Arabian Gulf* the rebranding is underway. It makes sense. Only Arabs live on the coasts of the Arabian gulf, even the Arabs in Iran (Ahvaz)

[@z.khatibi7858]

@@user-qx9zn2cj4e that's exactly the logic Israelis using against Palestine. Well done!

[@z.khatibi7858]

@@user-qx9zn2cj4e Just to break it down for you, cause I feel u are a lil not bright. They'd be yeah there are practically no Palestinian living there anymore, why should we call it Palestine or have it on the map in the first place.

[@dariusbaluchi4890]

@@user-qx9zn2cj4e Ahwaz is not even next to the coast lol. The Persian gulf is inhabited by mostly Persians in Iran while on the Arab side its mostly inhabited by Pakistanis and Indians. It has been and always will be Persian gulf.

[@dariusbaluchi4890]

Palestine doesn't exist anyways even the Arab leaders accepted it

[@akshayarohatgi6230]

The animation really suits the subject matter 👏

[@205mohamad]

This was a nice video and I really loved the visuals, I wish though you spoke more about the Fatimid Caliphate.

[@yehiaelyamani6943]

It's really remarkable to sum up all this information in such a short video. It mentions the main reasons, and doesn't fail to underline one cause that i find outstanding amongst other causes: the question of succession, which is really a question relevant especially to islamic countries. Till this very day, we find it hard for many rulers to transfer authority peacefully. Many rulers cling to power till death, in republics and kingdoms alike

[@summalaude4614]

The sacking of Baghdad was one of the worst atrocities to happen and probably set the whole world back 10,000 years

[@homosapien2983]

😅 and the Same Arabs who had suffered the loss of a Great city and Knew it's pain, DESTROYED THE GREATEST UNIVERSITIES OF INDIA.

[@rashidaquil5284]

Truthful, friend, bold, determination, warrior, statesman, preserved Quran, general, judge. Wiseman, father, husband, visionary, kind, calm, worshiper, Sabir, the Last Prophet

[@aamnafatima9062]

I really like the proper pronounciation of Islamic names & the respect shown by concealing Prophet’s face. Thanks

[@titlasagna2172]

Excellent video, so thorough but yet not overly long 💯👌🔥

[@sahara2763]

Ive read few Islamic history books and each time it ends with "the fall of the golden era" really heartbreaking

[@OrcunOcalan]

The star and crescent symbol does not appear in Islamic culture until the Turks arrive. You could have started with Khatim or Rub-el-Hizb.

[@mbn9672]

You’re wrong, the crescent and star symbols appeared on ummayad and abbasid flags way before turks came to the middle east, and in pre islamic civilizations like Sumer and the Akkadian empire.

[@OrcunOcalan]

@@mbn9672 Interesting. I am aware of the pre Islamic civilizations but never heard about such version of a flag used by Umayyads and Abbasids. Any source that I can check?

[@Shahanshah101]

*Yep, the Turks adopted it from the Samanid and Buyid Persians, who themselves took it from the Sasanian Persian Empire, which was full of crecent and star imagery; even the coins of the Shahanshahs of Sasanian Persian depicted crecent and star on three sides.*

[@AbdAllah_54564]

The way the sister pronounced 'Ali RA name, that 'Ain was pronounced so accurately, props.

[@AintPopular]

Feels proud learning about this in detail

[@Clouron26]

Its nice to see history's important empires get some spotlight and not get undervalued by the media or school textbooks

[@raymondlaw5258]

Is there a very specific event/point in time that marked the influence of the caliph as being so weak that the de facto United Islamic empire cease to exist? Or is it a very gradually process with no specific single/multiple events?

[@razaalee9477]

It was a gradual process to the point that at the end The Caliph was just ceremonial. The real power lied within the Turkish Army and Iranian Bureaucracy. It happened long before Hulagu's attack that Caliphate had ceased to exist on all practical grounds.

[@1sultan189]

@@razaalee9477 Well Turks and Iranian did have power but it was mostly towards the end of the empire where they started controlling the major positions. It started after a caliph favoured the Turks over the Arabs. But nevertheless both lived in coexistence.

[@justinmcdonald5602]

I'm about to teach about Islam in a couple weeks and this is a nice, neat, concise video!

[@abdullahak2204]

This was really interesting!

[@johnxina5126]

Another thing to note is that all of these regions were last united under the Achaemenids many centuries ago. Arabs,Iranians,Mesopotamians,Levanese,Egyptians,Central Asians and even Indians were involved in the process of learning across the learning centers of the empire. All of these people united under the Islamic banner but it certainly was one of the "golden ages" of the region's history

[@aryabhatta1521]

Indians? I know you are talking about ancient India(which spanned all the way till afghanistan so maybe people at the borders) but it is highly unlikely that Indians would set foot into the Achaemenid empire contradicting your point the HakshaManish(achaemenid empire) was actually borrowing culture from India they would actually worship Hindu gods at some point in time later zoroastrianism and some customs were Hindu customs such as Yasna (Yajna), they spoke old Persian(later they adopted to a Mesopotamian language I don't remember the name) which is said to have borrowed quite a few words from Sanskrit. They were not at all related to Islam infact they were fighting it. So could you provide a source to all the points you mentioned.

[@survijadhav7976]

@@aryabhatta1521 👏👏👏👏 thank you my friend...many ppl think that Indians (Hindus) originate from muslims

[@joemoment401]

@@survijadhav7976 legit nobody thinks indians/hindus come from muslims. literally no one. indians and iranians (or persians) originate from one people group that being the indo aryans which split into iranians and indians. muslims originate from the middle east more precisely saudi arabia, or a small part of it which is far away from iran. iran just so happened to convert to islam. just because indians and iranians come from the same group does not mean they originate from muslims. please try to think from a non nationalistic/ nonpatriotic mindset. hope you understand

[@MyBuzzL]

@@joemoment401 it is the opposite, the muslim and jews are from persian/iranian. both are descendant of abraham who believed running away from persecution in Babylonia, predate persia. than ishmaelites(arabs) come to arabian peninsula while Israelites stay in levant, migrate to egypt and comes back to levant.

[@arunsooknarine4738]

​@@joemoment401 hey your point's correct but just a little correction: their origin would be indo-iranians which is divided into Iranians and Indo-aryans (indians)

[@shawkykhaled]

Firstly, Abo bakr was to prophet mohamed ,in the first place, his friend and companion not only his father-in-law and all the successors follow after him were also companions not just cause they are from the tribe. But i really love the video.

[@vanico1623]

Thank you for respecting the identity of our beloved prophet.

[@Avy42F]

this is because they might be murdered by muslim terrorists.

[@polyglotbingo]

Thank you for providing a brief and clear history of the Islamic Empire)

[@yousuf6382]

The thinker Leopold Weiss or “Muhammad Asad” underlined the role of Cordova in paving the way for the age of renaissance, saying: “We would not be exaggerating if we said: The modern scientific age in which we live did not start in European cities, but in Islamic centers; in Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordova.” The cities of Arabian Spain, as Irving noted, “became the resort of Christian artisans, to instruct themselves in the useful arts. The universities of Toledo, Cordoba, Seville, and Granada, were sought by the pale student from other lands to acquaint himself with the sciences of the Arabs, and the treasured lore of antiquity.”

[@yousuf6382]

Le Bon says: “No sooner had the Arabs completed the conquest of Spain than they started to carry out the message of civilization there. In less than a century, they managed to give life to dead lands, reconstruct ruined cities, set up magnificent buildings, and strengthen close trade relations with other nations. They then started to dedicate themselves to studying sciences and arts and to translate Greek and Latin books and set up universities which continued to be a place for culture in Europe for a long time

[@Darth_gamer]

Wow. I respect that you covered The prophet’s face as it is haram in our religion to depict him in things such as cartoons.

[@hisdudeness4537]

Stole that from Mithra

[@Darth_gamer]

@@hisdudeness4537 who?

[@DiesIraeWrites]

I LOVE TED ED S MUCH THANK YOU FOR THE PROPER RESEARCH AND REPRESENTATION

[@whittardhotchocolate]

this is actually a great and well-rounded view of islamic history. thank u!

[@katherineknapp4370]

I love learning about different religions and cultures so this video was epic!

[@sserva98607]

Sahih al-Bukhari's hadith 5133 says "The Prophhet married αishα when she was six years old, and he had śΕχ when she was nine years old." Search it if you don’t believe me

[@navidsia2487]

Well its a shame you are not gonna learn anything from this video because half of it is lies and it didn't mention some seriously disturbing facts

[@bonzopippinpaddleopsicopolis]

@@navidsia2487 nah you indian Hindus just can't tolerate when Islam is actually seen for what it is

[@mi1412]

@@navidsia2487 most of the info in this video is correct, however I’m not sure about the killing rug part

[@navidsia2487]

@@mi1412 actually that one was true. But many other ones are not. For example they were not allowed to keep their religion. There is literary a verse in quran that says behead the heretics and thats exactly what they did. Destruction of Egyptian and persian religions is an evidence for that

[@BigDaddyWolf]

the way you guys cover the prophet face was perfect

[@manuelg4867]

LOL, too bad a lot of your buddies would kill me for drawing his face.

[@chinmay281190]

🐷

[@manuelg4867]

@@chinmay281190 mmm i love pork

[@user-hc2vk2ic3u]

@@manuelg4867 yes they would

[@voldlifilm]

I like how you resolved not showing his face while also showing him in the drawings.

[@johnsonsmith3421]

Wonderful job with the video

[@telmacrisl]

Very interesting video, but they should have used the old names of the regions. Spain does not occupy the entire area shown on the map, Portugal also exists and is a country apart from Spain, the medieval Islamic Empire also existed in some places that currently belong to Portugal.

[@adilmohammed6897]

I believe it was called emirate of Cordoba administratively. andulus is the term currently used to call Spain, i think the area was called like that

[@jaimepujol5507]

@@adilmohammed6897 The land was called Al-Andalus, after the Abbasids took power over the Caliphate a member of the Ummayads fled and established himself as the emir of Cordoba. Eventually the Ummayads in Al-Andalus proclaimed their own independent Caliphate, which we usually call the Caliphate of Cordoba. And the history from then onwards is extremely convoluted and very interesting.

[@jaimepujol5507]

Well, it's more a thing of saying "from Spain to India," as a simple explanation. Also, the idea of Portugal and Spain being different things would come later, when the modern nations would appear. At that time, this region would still be considered Hispania. When the Portuguese Kingdom was established, it would be considered as part of "Spain", yet Spain then meant something different to what Spain means today.

[@fredericocunha2793]

Agree, but the narrator specifically says present day spain

[@telmacrisl]

@@fredericocunha2793 Exactly, it should be "from Portugal to India", since the narrator says present day.

[@russiandollie]

Greed will always destroy empires. Luckily the scholars and those in search of truth always prevail even in trying times.

[@nefertiti18z]

The pronunciation is so on point 👍🏽

[@AngelosGeorgopoulos]

exceptional animation ! well done !

[@cerarobert1989]

Always keep learning something new. Ted ed you're awesome 👏 🥰😊

[@alexuk1919]

Yo I'm from Egypt and when you thank about it we did learn any of that at school what they teach us and still doing that is The islamic empire is %100 Great place &time to live in . So in the end I really appreciate that Ted gived me a new information as always ,,💜👍

[@Gilamath.]

There’s a tendency among some people to treat Islamic history with nearly as much pious reverence as they give to Islam itself. It’s a real disservice

[@navidsia2487]

Considering they destroyed your language and religion i seriously doubt it

[@cs-ig8qb]

@@navidsia2487 culture of Egypt died when the culture is Islam arrived

[@navidsia2487]

@@cs-ig8qb that's exactly what I'm saying

[@ques3234]

@@cs-ig8qb coincidence?

[@melodicblue1265]

The illustration is CHEF'S KISS!

[@MohammadYusuf95]

I really like the thought that went into making this video.

[@umamahasifburney339]

i am glad they respected him and his story as well as drawing him in a respectful manner

[@DrSarhana]

😘🥰🔥😘🥰🔥

[@yousuf6382]

De Lacy O'Leary in "Arabic Thought in History" ,, "The Greek material received by the Arabs was not simply passed on by them to others who came after. It has a very real life and development in its Arabic surroundings. In astronomy and mathematics, the work of the Greek and Indian scientists was coordinated and there a very real advance was made. The Arabs not only extended what they had received from the Greeks but checked and corrected older records."

[@ranjannag5970]

Now I've answers of some crucial questions about them, now I know why they do these ..thanks Ted

[@user-yo2xf3jc3f]

Thank you for making such a beautiful and informative video!

[@shaksiyat]

What a day to post this video Today's the death anniversary of hussein(grandson of prophet muhammed) who died fighting yazid (caliph/leader of ummayad dynasty) in the battle of karbala.

[@smolbean2530]

As-Salam alayka ya Abu Abdullah Al-Hussain

[@z.khatibi7858]

exactly!

[@afterrecession]

No matter what religion or race, the message is clear. Power corrupts those who welcome it without caution.

[@b.n.e6090]

I like how they accurately depicted the different looks of the people.

[@b.n.e6090]

It shows that they deeply researched everything. Amazing job.

[@Jackcolable]

I love how the narrator pronounced the Arabic words and names

[@Schmidtelpunkt]

3:27 That's just such a great idea of illustrating it.

[@areebakhalid6150]

I like how they did not draw Muhammad's face as it is considered wrong in Islam, they did their research.

[@ashirasingal27]

THANKU SM FOR THIS VIDEO YAYY

[@bim1537]

Thank you for respecting our tradition of not drawing the face of our beloved prophet of God, Muhammad pbuh.

[@yousuf6382]

George Sarton: In his book, The Civilization of the Arabs, he says: The Arabs previously led the world in two long phases, the first remained for two thousand years before Greece, and the second lived for four centuries during the Middle Ages, and no one can prevent these peoples from leading the world again in the near or far)

[@Zaitgeist]

leading to their graves son

[@koifishrain]

I am a Muslim and I'll definitely talk about this!

[@yousuf6382]

Speaking about Andalusia in general as a bridge between Islamic civilization and the West, Sigrid Hunke says: “The Pyrénées Mountains were not to prevent these contacts. Therefore, the Arab, Andalusian civilization found its way to the West.”

[@julesoxana3630]

Amazing video❤

[@grantmisinzo]

Correction: ‘United’ the people of the peninsula through war and fear of death.

[@glendjunuslodoli211]

Nice

[@rezalavasani3169]

all those scientists you listed at the end of the video were all Persian.

[@DrSarhana]

Masha Allah

[@muhammadbayyun8938]

Ibn Arabi was not a Persian lol

[@rezalavasani3169]

@@muhammadbayyun8938 he wasn't a scientist either...

[@naruto6918]

@@rezalavasani3169 Persia was weak country . They readily accepted islam and merged with Arabs kingdom without any struggles

[@rezalavasani3169]

@@naruto6918 🤣🤣🤣🤣 Oh God, Funniest joke ever. Search a bit and find it out yourself.

[@jojoberry6320]

Will you guys perhaps do a subject about ancient Egypt from middle to new kingdom?

[@yousuf6382]

Fathers of sciences Arab Al-Zahrawi Ibn al-Nafis Ibn al-Haytham Jaber bin Hayyan al-Masoudi Canadian Al-Mutanabbi Ibn Rushd Abu Alaa Al-Maari Al-Jazari Ibn Al-Shater Ibn Arabi Abu Kamil Ibn Al-Tufi Ibn Azhar Ibn Bajja And the list goes on

[@MsLindsayBoo]

Untying the complex relationships between the empires, religions, and ethnic groups in the Middle East can prove difficult for those of us who haven't studied the region in depth, but I've often wondered about the amcient rivalries that fueled and perhaps continue to fuel so much of the conflict in the region and beyond.

[@KD400_]

U should study it. If ur from the western world then wouldn't have any knowledge of it.

[@yousuf6382]

Sigrid Hunke In her book "Allah's sun over the Occident" the influence exerted by the Arabs on the West was the first step in freeing Europe from Christianity We cannot ignore the fact that for over 750 years in the last millennium Arabs were the bearers of the torch of culture (first chancellor Oxford Robert Grosseteste ):The newly translated Arabic and Greek treatises had an immediate effect on the University of Oxford.

[@alaadd11]

I'm a Muslim from Saudi Arabia it's crazy to learn about our history

[@SuhailQureshi-fl1to]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@mntalateyya]

Umayyads being a different rival clan is misleading, because, Uthman, the 3rd caliph was also from the Umayyad family.

[@razaalee9477]

Uthman is not considered dynastic ruler rather one of the four Rashidun Caliphs. This is because Uthman was appointed by the people and didn't inherit the throne like Ummayad Rulers. Secondly Ummayad can be called Rival clan as Prophet belonged to Banu Hashim and Ummayads to Banu Abd Shams.