The Rise of Great Powers | Episode 4: Tiny Holland, Giant Empire | Free Documentary History

The Rise of Great Powers - Episode 4: Tiny Holland, Giant Empire | History Documentary
Watch 'The Rise of Great Powers - Episode 1' here: • The Rise of Great Powe...
Episode four recounts the rise of the Netherlands from its humble beginnings in the 16th century as a country the size of Michigan's Upper Peninusla to its belle epoque in the 17th century.
In 1492, Spain banished its entire Jewish population, beginning their exodus through Portugal which culminated in their settling in the Netherlands. When the Dutch declared independence from Spain, freedom of religion became its national creed. Among those who left Spain were talented merchants who exacted their revenge by engineering the Netherlands' rise as the hegemon of European commerce, bringing Spain to its knees.
Rise of Great Powers' is an odyssey across time and space, going from ancient Rome to America in the 20th century. It is the fruit of two years of labor which traces the great powers’ rise to glory. The world’s leading academics reveal the 'X factor' that these nations had and others didn’t. This historical quest ultimately addresses the universal question - “What is it that makes a nation, community or organization powerful?”
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Subscribe Free Documentary - History Channel for free: bit.ly/2FjRPgV
Facebook: bit.ly/2QfRxbG
Twitter: bit.ly/2QlwRiI
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
#FreeDocumentary #Documentary #RiseOfGreatPowers
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Free Documentary - History is dedicated to bringing high-class documentaries to you on KZbin for free. You will see fascinating animations showing the past from a new perspective and explanations by renowned historians that make history come alive.
Enjoy stories about people and events that formed the world we live in.

[@FreeDocumentaryHistory]

Under Habsburg Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain, all fiefs in the current Netherlands region were united into the Seventeen Provinces, which also included most of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and some adjacent land in what is now France and Germany. In 1568, under Phillip II, the Eighty Years' Warbetween the Provinces and their Spanish ruler began. It’s a complicated war with historians still arguing what happened when - it’s not a war one can neatly explain. Nevertheless, one can say a rather powerful empire arose.

[@bd3199]

Is this the original Chinese documentary in English? The Chinese series was based on a 1987 book by Paul Kennedy.

[@johndorilag4129]

The Dunkirkers helped make sure the Dutch expansion is limited. Also, the English Counter Armada in 1589 was crushed by the Spaniards. Nice selective history documentary you got here. LoL

[@ronaldderooij1774]

@@bd3199 The characters on the maps were Korean.

[@bd3199]

@@ronaldderooij1774 I was asking if this is the same as the Chinese cctv show..

[@mondriaa]

@@bd3199 check the end credits

[@godfreyberry1599]

Holland's domination of the oceans was in a great part due to an often overlooked phenomenon: Their windmills, and the harnessing of this 'free energy' provided an early form of mechanization long before steam made it's appearance in Britain. With this tecnology they simply could build ships far faster than anyone else.

[@khalidalali186]

Touché.

[@freekgroot3222]

[@robertabrahamsen9076]

Holland was technologically innovative from way back. It had to be, to reclaim its land from the North Sea, which was always threatening to drown the place. Holland is always one of my primary examples when I find myself arguing against someone who's bought into the myth of the "backwards" European Middle Ages. You can only sustain that conclusion by moving the goalposts.

[@petersteenkamp]

Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest invented a wind-powered sawmill in 1593. This meant that log timber could be sawed into planks 30 times faster than by hand.

[@jeffblackard9753]

What and how does fixed windmills have to do with global shipping? Are you arguing that they utilized said windmills as energy in factories to manufacture ships?

[@user-wo7fj8cz6q]

The Netherlands was the first European country I learned from Taiwan elementary school history class, because it it had been here in 1624 ~ 1662 AD. Today. there still are castles remain in the city of Tainan. And still can't tell me clearly why, my son and his family settled in the Netherlands as a dentist and born his first child.

[@drpepper3838]

Taiwan and netherlands are still connected today thru asml. We provide the best microchip machines to Taiwan. They produce the actual chips

[@jannetteberends8730]

Because, according to the UN, the Dutch children are the happiest children in the world? The video channel Not Just Bikes has a video why he wanted his children to grow up in the Netherlands instead of Canada.

[@ContrarianConcervativePNW]

Who else binge watches documentaries solely for entertainment?

[@rohitsawant5805]

Me

[@sunlightpictures8367]

Interesting documentary. My Spanish ancestor was a Protestant who fled to the Netherlands and then emigrated to New Amsterdam (Manhattan) in the 1650s.

[@celsus7979]

How awesome that you could find info on your ancestry going that far back!

[@benslingerland1635]

New Amsterdam is now newyork Not Manhattan i now im ducht

[@Man-in-the-green]

@@benslingerland1635?

[@MrRvandeW]

@@benslingerland1635 While you are correct that it is now called New York, Manhattan is where New Amsterdam was located back then.

[@Priscillia-oj7xs]

I am an American, but I know a Dutch woman in real life who I really like. I have always been a history nerd, but I realized I knew nothing about the Dutch at all. And meeting and getting to know the Dutch woman made me curious about her country's history, so I watched this. I learned so much! Thanks for sharing. :D

[@jwijn]

How can an American citizen know nothing abouth Holland, for example NY was once Hollands but we exchanged it for Suriname from the English.Some streetnames and peoples lastnames have still Holland origines Harlem = Haarlem

[@spiritualanarchist8162]

I'm Dutch and I've actually met some Americans in 'real live ' .They walk around in Amsterdam.. Real Americans, walking around in the wild ....who would have guessed ? ;)

[@Dredsed]

Good luck buddy ❤

[@yuliayane6928]

Thats so sweet shes lucky ! (Im ditch btw)

[@Mariusmjvr]

Here I am as many of my fellow Afrikaners, in South Africa, 350 years later, result of this. Hooray for the Dutch!

[@herrero4270]

Yeah...very proud of your Apartheid...

[@matomemalatji9010]

Majority Afrikaners do not come from the Netherlands. The majority come from Eastern Europe and worked for Dutch companies.

[@walterhenderson2155]

I visited the Netherlands in 1978. I was one of the thousands of backpackers. It and Italy are my favorite countries.

[@jackmcdouglas4126]

What a fabulous history this country has.

[@dreamdiction]

hahaha you actually believed it.

[@voornaam3191]

Well, have you lived in a former colony? Was your father in the army, when it still WAS a colony? It is different, going to school, living your life, or just reading books and watching video's packed with talking historians. It is strange, being in South America, because you are Dutch, basically.

[@voornaam3191]

Yes, fabeltjes!

[@Snaakie83]

I think we do have a very interesting history...its just very much flawed by the common faults of its time. It's weird being proud of much, but ashamed of most that happened. Being such a tiny nation, the things we archived are stunning...but it was over the back of many innocent 'subjects'. Until the 80's/90's we were taught very, very different things about our history...there wasn't much room for the negatives. Nowadays we're learning our successes amongst the wrongs we did as a nation. Doesn't make it less spectacular, just more grim.

[@dylanvogler2165]

​@Dream Diction so enlighten us. As this history is true.

[@ebito69]

Proud to be a Dutchman! 🇳🇱💪

[@REDnBLACKnRED]

How tall are you? Just curious lol

[@mhow4967]

Do you fly ? Dutchman. Flying

[@matthijs3134]

Same! It ain’t much if it ain’t Dutch 🤪

[@Tralala691]

Shorty. 😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@starcapture3040]

the only good thing the dutch created was Within Temptation

[@cowboyfromnorway1441]

The Dutch are a very interesting nation. not only have they conquered the oceans. Thanks to their ingenuity and organization, they were excellent wetland farmers. The organization of society was timeless for its time. They even invented the modern "childhood"

[@justinmarston4106]

Timeless for its time huh?

[@VeronEK1988]

Norway and Denmark were the main Allies

[@markwithak2055]

@@VeronEK1988 And Sweden, they provided i.e. canons for their ships

[@jaspervanhoudt2675]

The Dutch are the people and not the nation tho. As a Dutchman it's my duty pointing out this common mistake

[@bconni2]

almost all the innovation in maritime technology and naval warfare during the 1st century of the age of exploration was done by the Portuguese . Portugal conquered the oceans long before the Dutch first set sail. aside from a few islands in the West Indies , there's no where the Dutch landed their ships where the Portuguese hadn't already harbored almost 100 years earlier

[@jeffreygroen9191]

Sadly today my people can only hear slavery when they hear golden age... The Dutch empire sure had it's dark sides, i won't deny that. But most modern freedoms and open trade societies started here too. We cannot forget that, actually we should celebrate it!

[@mebsrea]

It’s not as though other societies in Africa, Asia, or the Americas were any more morally developed, and just about all were intellectually and technologically stagnant compared with Europe after the Renaissance.

[@fcassmann]

​@@mebsreal

[@Thenosferatu1900]

Due to the woke cult

[@bconni2]

don't feel guilty over what was done by your ancestors. that's how things were done centuries ago. everyone was violet. killers killed killers.

[@RB-tl8cf]

Slavery and colonizing happened everywhere and was of every time. To be this obsessed with the burden of guilt to a certain specific group is very telling. But then this is what they do by design. Every branch comes from the same tree. Tried by race, nations or class. If u point this out by saying there is a religion who now do the same, but get defended by the same people. And end up being called -ist…. Only in the west one can find people hating their own people and country.

[@bobbybobby3070]

I love the Dutch people! Historically and today - the most tolerant people and nation! Their ONLY intolerance are to people who are not tolerant of others! Long live that Dutch spirit - and their intolerance of intolerance! Very proud of my Dutch heritage (grandfather). I’m happy to accept anyone who does not impose and demand their beliefs/traditions in others just willing to live in peace.

[@ms-jl6dl]

I live in the Netherlands and that coveted "tolerance" died few decades ago. It got replaced with conformity,posturing and arrogance although much less than our neighbouring countries. Covid pandemic revealed those changes to everybody,we're nowhere near the independent,free thinking country of yore.

[@CrusterfunkShenanigans]

Well better check again, we have become very very intollerant!! especialy to refugees we made ourselves and foreign workers, its sickening realy and am sorry to break your bubble about this >

[@TheKamperfoelie]

@@CrusterfunkShenanigans exaggeration is also a profession, as we say in the Netherlands

[@CrusterfunkShenanigans]

@@TheKamperfoelie ff uit je vinex/witte eiland wijkje komen kijken bij de "onderkant"vd maatschappij/ volksbuurten en het sentiment wat daar leeft en wordt beleefd observeren kan geen kwaad bij het vormen van een mening mbt deze materie, imho.

[@jaroenvanveen1829]

Yes, that was why they were so tolerant to brutally rob things they did not belong to in East Indies 😂😂😂

[@paulceglinski7172]

Been looking forward for this since the announcement. Cheers

[@alfredosenalle9284]

Look at the picture of the real King Philip II of Spain and then look at the Mexican looking guy playing King Philip II in this documentary. The black legend lives on......

[@Theblackstallionllc]

love this

[@jhoee2487]

I'm From Edmonton, Canada. I have been to Holland 4 times, and used that to travel to other places in Europe. Overall I love it there, and in the future will consider buying a flat there.

[@TheSuperappelflap]

Good luck trying to afford one. Are you per chance a millionaire?

[@Arnhem-NL]

Thank you Canada, lest we forget!

[@michaelrzepka7522]

Thank you for sharing, great content. It's sad men still refuse to learn for their past. I guess our hearts are easily corrupted.

[@voornaam3191]

Yeah, blame the heart again. It can cope, but one day you will regret blaming it once too often. You are not exactly fair. It is the failing brains. The heart is okay.

[@rembrandtvanleidse]

As a 🇸🇷 Hindu born and grew up in Holland, i respect the dutch

[@jadenalmeida8592]

Why

[@jadenalmeida8592]

@@xeroxbrother8223 I meant why he had to mention that he is a Hindu

[@jadenalmeida8592]

@@xeroxbrother8223 oh okay i understand now thanks

[@BrianJ.]

Thank you for this interesting documentary about my country!

[@hae-meo-sum]

4:35 The man above is shown on EBS "강대국의 비밀(The Secret of Great Power)" which is one of Korea documentary shows released about 9 years ago. It would be good to remark the source of presenter to show his intelligence and contribution on scholarly field. The explanation session was good.

[@MotherGoose264]

Thank you for explaining this. I was wondering about that. Indeed we need to show him some respect. ✌️❤️

[@user-cx8dw2nl8w]

Thank you for the grait documentary. Is fair to notice, in list of success factors, the development of cartography and map making in Lowlands, in parallel with painting and navigation. Dutchman's maps was true treasure of their empaire.

[@UwBuis]

I read this with a French accent.

[@Oshidashi]

The docu is a decent overview of the history of Dutch independence and I did enjoy watching it. It needs to be said though that a rather large amount of information is not entirely correct. Still, in large it gives the general public a good idea of Dutch history, while there isn't much of that on YT, especially compared to other countries that had arguably less influence on the world and a somewhat less interesting or unique history.

[@zohlandt]

What exactly is not correct? Everything in this doc is factual. They leave a lot out, but that doesn't mean it's incorrect.

[@fgbpeiazijhn]

@@zohlandtAt some point cutting corners leads to a different shape. The priorities of the documentary maker are a little off center, nothing too bad, but the narrative of the empire of tolerance is pulled from a patchwork with its grim sides.

[@teeheeteeheeish]

Proud of my Dutch heritage. The spirit of Dutch tolerance, combined with the Scottish enlightenment were clearly the inspiration for the U.S.’ founding documents.

[@dalmarcadde1507]

I learned alot from this documentary, thank you

[@erikloupias7642]

Next time if you talk about England don't forget to mention that a Dutchman,WilliamIII, became their king and save them from bankruptcy and put them back on the map.😁👍

[@markwithak2055]

Dutch wealth was made possible by inventing modern capitalism, i.e. by founding the worlds first stock Exchange and worlds first Central Bank and worlds first multinational corporation in 1600. In 1694, the Dutch king William III of Orange founded the Bank of England..

[@mhow4967]

Love 💝 this video

[@timbatimbero3934]

Brilliant example !

[@thesacrisant]

Pity Holland lost us Flanders , we should have been one but we ain't :(

[@petersteenkamp]

Netherlands and Belgium united in 1815 but in 1830 Belgium seceded again. A federation between the Netherlands and Flanders would be more logical than a federation between Flanders and Wallonia because of the similarity in language, but the Flemish rejected it and even fought a war to cancel it.

[@sebe2255]

@@petersteenkamp Yes because of religious and political issues. Nationalism played a minor role for the Flemish

[@bv2623]

@@sebe2255 And economical. Belgium after 1830 became one of the richest and most advanced economies in the world, while the Netherlands had an economical decline which lasted until the end of WWII.

[@zohlandt]

We are quite happy with where you are now. 😂

[@JumpingTomato]

I would love it if we's unite with Flanderd again (but not Wallonia) ir would make sense, and also if would finally end the issue of Belgium to form a gouvernement. In a surbet a couple of years back, about 70% of Dutch people would say yes to a reunion. But the people in Flanders were way less enthousiastic. Maybe we should just conquer it 😂

[@IwasInThe60s]

The Dutch should also get credit for developing COMPANIES as we view it today globally.

[@YouTubeSnoozer]

Companies are destroying the world

[@user-co9pp1kv7p]

@@KZbinSnoozer nah the governments are. Free market has always made the lives of people better whilst countries got destroyed once the government got involved and over regulated the market. People are greedy and will always strive to gain more power, wealth, etc. and will abuse their position for their own gain. That's why you should spread the power over as many people as possible (free markets & minimal government power) and socialism/communism always has and always will fail (just look at the current system in the western world : Corporate Socialism, or Venezuela, Soviet Union, China, Scandinavia, etc.)

[@YouTubeSnoozer]

​@user-co9pp1kv7p governments are companies and all governments are run by a world government already.

[@firstphone2129]

Thanks

[@charlesvanderhoog7056]

"The Embarrasment of Riches" by prof. Simon Schama of Cambridge University, England, is a more than excellent book about the rise and wealth of the Dutch nation in its golden century, which lasted from 1575 till 1672. Highly recommended and an astounding read. E.g. Samuel Pepys, the Lord of the Admiralty, cried when he saw what just one Dutch ship from the Far East carried. The riches in its hull were so egregious that they would finance the Marine of England for a year, its ships, its sailors, its provisions, its berthings. And that was just one of 256 ships of the line that had safely sailed into the ports of Vlissingen, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Amsterdam. No wonder the English lost all naval battles with the Dutch. No wonder the English begged the Dutch king on their knees to rule the UK, too, which led to The Glorious Revolution of 1688 and gave the English access to the secrets of cannon production (Dutch cannons shot farther), ship building, and finance.

[@JohnHawkins-he7mg]

The Dutch did not win every naval battle with England(although they did win most of them). Of the three Anglo-Dutch Wars fought in the Seventeenth Century, England won the first, the Dutch won the other two. Also, England didn't beg William of Orange to be King, they asked him to because he was a protestant and he was the husband of Mary(the daughter of the deposed Stuart king James II). You also called William the "King" of the Dutch Republic but was not. He was the Stadholder which is similar to a monarch but not the same thing.

[@mebsrea]

Wow. First angry Dutch nationalist I’ve seen in the wild. 😂

[@markwithak2055]

Dutch wealth was also made possible by inventing modern capitalism, i.e. by founding the worlds first stock Exchange and worlds first Central Bank and worlds first multinational corporation in 1600. In 1694, the Dutch king William of Orange founded the Bank of England...

[@Man-in-the-green]

@@JohnHawkins-he7mgStadhouder explained here: De titel komt oorspronkelijk van het Latijnse locum tenens, locus = plaats en tenens = houdend, via het Franse lieu-tenant, het Duitse Statthalter en het Engelse steward. Stadhouder betekent dus plaatsvervanger. We zien dat nog terug in het engelse "stead", in "instead of", dat "in plaats van" betekent.

[@chrisfreebairn870]

​@@Man-in-the-greennicely done! Isn't language mind bending. Love the coup de grace. Never would have figured lieu tenant. Entomologist here, with admiration for Dutch science, so a bit of Latin & a love of English. Interesting to see modern perversions .. & many abominations, but also some problem shoving .. can't site examples ottomh, but weak points needing lots of words, or various imprecisions, beckon the innovative, journalists with word limits etc. Nearly said beg innovations, but begging the question danced by .. how did that happen; common usage of course has reverted to 'ask' ..?? Sleuthing old roots ..

[@markreale5218]

The Netherlands is often overlooked, but we are still a country that punches well above its weight. Meaning we are in top 20 of the biggest economies in world. We are also the one the co-founders of the European Union (EU) and we played a big role in the colonization of the Americas. There is a video on KZbin called: "Why Doesn't the U.S. Know About its Own Dutch Origins?" and "What's Left of New Amsterdam? (And the Origins of the USA)" if you want to know more.

[@redrix3731]

Detail: founding father William of Orange is NOT the ancestor of the Dutch royal family, as suggested in this video. His lineage died out in the 18th century, after which a distant cousin, also named Willem (William) inherited the title of Prins van Oranje - Nassau. (At the time The Netherlands were occupied by Napoleontic France, who installed a puppet king, a brother of Bonaparte, who turned out to take his job seriously and gained some loyalty among the citizens) . Before Waterloo that prince of Orange, basically a glorified crimelord, made a deal with Wellington and Prussia that if he supported them with mercenaries, guns, and opium, he would be made king of the Netherlands, and thus transgressed, but the original Prins Willem van Oranje (William of Orange) Graaf van Holland , would NEVER have agreed with that, and neither his direct succesors who defeated Spain, and founded The Republic, and therefore many well educated modern Dutch do not consider the current monarchy as legitimate and prefer the original Republic of United Provinces to be restored. There is however wide support for the mostly ceremonial and symbolic monarchy among the people, so Dutch Republicanism (not to be confused or associated with the American party) is more a sentiment among intellectuals and minor political groups, than an actual movement of importance, but from a historical point of view this needs to be adressed and corrected.

[@willibrordutrecht2635]

If you go by traditional patrilineal reckoning, yes. However if you allow equal weight to both genders, the line from William of Orange to William IV is an unbroken one through Albertine Agnes.

[@AudieHolland]

Current Dutch king has an approval rating around 50% Lowest ever.

[@5thMilitia]

Why do republicans always feel to need to rape history with their inaccuracies. William is a direct ancestor of the current Royal family through a female line and such a deal with Wellington was never made

[@zohlandt]

Lul niet. De huidige Koninklijke familie zijn directe nazaten van Willems broer. Ofschoon hem dat inderdaad niet een directe voorvader maakt, staat hij wel degelijk aan de basis van de positie die de Van Oranje-Nassaus in de latere eeuwen kregen

[@JanLion-zb1bd]

The invention of the 'Fluitschip' had nothing to do with foreigners coming to Holland - it was a pure Dutch invention by Liorne in 1595 (with a predecessor in 1588). It improved the load/deck-factor by a factor 2 and needed only half the crew. Even more important for shipbuilding was the invention of the wood sawmill driven by a crankshaft, which produced boards and beams used for shipbuilding 32 times faster then by hand. At the height of the Golden Age, Holland had 4 times more ships then England, France and Spain combined together. But there were many other inventions that led to the golden age, such as the first stock market, the first international credit banks etc. etc.

[@ferdinandvanzyl1500]

My language Afrikaans developed mostly out of Dutch aswell as my culture . South Afric🇿🇦

[@Tralala691]

Failed state since you took over.

[@ferdinandvanzyl1500]

@@Tralala691 Well it's a democracy now We thank God

[@godfreyberry1599]

@@ferdinandvanzyl1500 And the newest African failed state!.

[@drpepper3838]

​@godfreyberry1599 that's not because of white people 😊

[@user-dw9ps2oi8q]

I love the Netherlands man Long live the VOC

[@chris.asi_romeo]

Excellent documentary 👏👏👏

[@tristonvisser]

Proud to a dutch descendant whose ancestors have taken part of one of the greatest empires of the world

[@matthijs3134]

Same! Even though the sea explorers from those days are now considered ruthless slave rulers.. even kids in schools get indoctrinated with that bs as we speak

[@johndorilag4129]

The Dunkirkers and Spain very much limited that "greatest empire"

[@peterdevalk7929]

@@johndorilag4129 elaborate!

[@TheKamperfoelie]

@@johndorilag4129 spain was, as you can tell from the docu, the prime motivator/driving force for everything concerning our golden age. The Dunkirk pirates were bad, but not severe

[@johndorilag4129]

@@peterdevalk7929 huh

[@joenisnapje712]

Interesting🙂

[@charlesvanderhoog7056]

In this documentary, Philip II is being portrayed as working from a large desk or table. In actual fact, he was working from a tiny writing cabinet that still exists. This may have influenced his mind, tiny tiny tiny. He was a simpleton, vengeful, peevish, in other words, a little man on top of a large empire. The limitation of his thinking is exemplified by the way he handled the economic challenges of Spain: he did nothing but create inflation and impede development and trade (heretics docking in his harbours? No way!).

[@StopFear]

Yes. What you described may sound like a random unimportant fact, but it is important when trying to understand the psychology of people who were in power of nations and empires. I am not writing this as an excuse for Phillip II, but monarchs in many countries lived in isolated lives, isolated from the realities of lives of their subjects, and from realities of life in general. I think another example comes to mind whenever I read or watch videos about Russian monarchs in the 19th century and prior to 1917.

[@ronaldderooij1774]

When a leader puts ideology first and above reality, it is leading to disaster. It happens time and again in history. I am afraid it may never end. And I do understand it. In some cases, even I am not above that although I try hard not to do that.

[@samuelphillian1286]

@@ronaldderooij1774yeah like right now in the USA

[@voornaam3191]

That very same Philips 2 has done a tour through the Netherlands, and he has been in my home town (slightly older than Amsterdam) at a balcony that still exists. At least, I was told.

[@Man-in-the-green]

Oh, je was er bij? Waarom die sneer naar Amsterdam. Zeker uit de regio Rotterdam. Zó herkenbaar. 😂

[@carlsmith8815]

This is a good documentary . However. Spain's anti Moslem stance had deep security and geopolitical roots. For two centuries after the reconquest of southern Spain Moslem powers were very threatening to Spain as Europe's premier power . The Turks sought to conquer several times in the next few centuries and colonised. Balkan Europe right up into Hungary. The Turks and their Arab subjects remained the principle slaving entities in the Mediterranean and the western Atlantic until the 18th century . Taking slaves from the coastal areas of all European nations until European navies became sufficiently strong enough to prevent them. My observation doesn't detract from the thrust of the documentary , but local Moslem populations and converts were considered a kind of fifth column, which added to the Spanish paranoia .

[@NAFICH1]

Let us say o.k as far as Muslims are concered -although arguebaly.The Jews are very important element to the economy of any given country. They were persrcuted and killed by the thousends.Wherever and whenever they had been given a fair chance they flourished and made the host country flourish too .This is what history tells us

[@bconni2]

in the 1400 and 1500's, the first 185 years of the Age of Exploration, Portugal's interaction with the Muslim world outside the Iberian peninsula was more interesting and far reaching than was Spain's, or any other European nation at that time. the Portuguese took the crusading and fighting spirit head on into the Muslim world, not the Spanish.

[@robespierre466]

Tienes un poco de sesgo en tu comentario.

[@Gloriaimperial1]

@@NAFICH1 That's a myth. England expelled the Jews in 1290. In 1600 there were only 300 Jews in London. 1000 in all of England. At that time, in Spain, there were 100,000 Jews. It is assumed that they were expelled in 1492. But in reality only 1 in 7 Jews left Spain. All the others became Catholics, and continued their businesses. There are Spanish regions, especially the Mediterranean, where the commercial spirit is very strong, such as Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, and Murcia. They have a lot of Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Arab, Carthaginian blood, all very business people. It is a myth that Spain became impoverished when it expelled the Jews (1 in 7 Jews!) Precisely Spain, for other reasons, began its commercial splendor from 1492. The difference between Spain and other European countries is 3: We had a 200-year war (1500-1700) against 5 European powers, to save the Catholic religion in Europe. That is a huge expense, which also prevents trade with those important countries. Surely Germany and France in the brief world war did not trade much with each other. However, our Protestant enemies did trade and were allies at that time. For this reason, when the religious wars ended in 1700, Spain experienced an era of prosperity during the 18th century, until the Napoleonic wars. Another difference with the commercial empires of England and the Netherlands is that Spain reinvested 70% of American wealth (80% in the 18th century) in building a Western society in America and the Philippines: 2,300 stone cities, 31 universities, 900 large hospitals, 400 cathedrals, thousands of nursery schools, fortresses. That is the reason why Spain has the greatest global legacy, as an empire (second mother tongue after Chinese, with 480 million native speakers of Spanish. English: 380 million, and 800 million Catholics on the 5 continents. Anglicans: 120 million. At that time in the 16th-19th centuries, the British, Dutch and French empires did not have those civilizing commitments, and they took almost everything to London, Amsterdam and Paris. The only university in the Dutch empire is in Indonesia 1946, 300 years after arriving there, and 2 years before independence. Spain made 40 universities in the world (9 in Italy, 1 in France). The third difference is that the Mediterranean peninsulas (Iberia, Italy, Balkans, Greece, Anatolia) are further away from the center of Europe, where, fertile and flat lands, where most of the European population lives. A Spaniard from the south or a southern Italian had to travel 2000 km by horse cart, to sell a product in Germany in the 15th-19th centuries. More of 40 days spending money in inns. That's not competitive. A northern Frenchman would cross the border into Germany, Belgium or Switzerland, and return home for dinner the same day. The economic differences between traditionally poor countries in southern Europe, the Maghreb, and other continents are being reduced more or less quickly, thanks to air transport, Internet sales techniques or air conditioning. I already said that the majority of the Jews (85%) stayed here. They changed the religion but continued with their trade. There are hundreds of surnames of Jewish origin in Spain, and thousands that were created taking the name of cities, such as Toledo, Segovia, Ávila, which are very common in Spain, or names religious: santos, María, Andrés, Marcos....

[@shadower3833]

@@Gloriaimperial1 Sure, in the 15th centrury and on, Spain could have been a supreme power of wealth, education, economics, etc. However, there are only three important events that prevented this from happening, namely, inquisition, inquisition and inquisition.

[@theotjeerd]

Weirdest documentairy i’ve ever seen. Tho the story is all true and nicely explained history. The styling/editing it is really strangly done. Starting with the part about diamonds and al the show of crowns and such, made that part change the feel go from history-docu to like some sort of “how it’s made” American style commercial or so…😂 Also there was a part where strangly the streetmusicians in Leiden played a typical American tune(which we dutch don’t play), and also at the end the weird endsong with singing of “we shall overcome” by demonstrating afro-americans during the protests of the civil rights movement in the ‘50s in the USA… And then at the whole end the famous “I have a dream” speach of Martin Luther King … I see the connection, but it’s so weird. Couldn’t the editors find a better fitting dutch style for these parts?😅

[@Loesters]

Agreed. Willem becomes "William". A Dutch shopping street evolves with spanish buildings. An Asian man tells our historie like it is his. American drumband tunes while portraing a Dutc activity. Talking about Dutch protestant churches and filming in an English one. This is not a Dutch historie video at all. It is very American. Its weird and also terrible. Sorry.

[@maxeisert7466]

Looks to me there is a bit of a (globalist) agenda behind it.

[@eddiesantos4978]

Anglo Saxons being Anglo Saxons. They just ignore the nation that started the age of European dominance over the world, the country that teach others how to do that (navy power): Portugal. P.S.:. I am not even Portuguese, but Brazilian

[@sebe2255]

It does help that they completely overshadowed the Dutch by the 18th century. The Dutch were simply limited by their small population

[@peterdevalk7929]

What's the difference? Portuguese where not half as successful as the Dutch. FACT. Look what has become of Portugal in comparison with The Netherlands. Portuguese historical legends turn in their graves.

[@DenUitvreter]

I'm already glad they don't ignore the Dutch Republic in this and appropriated all Dutch progress as their own. Most Anglo Saxons believe they invented the sandwich, capitalism, protestantism, religious tolerance, industrialization, chocolate, the scientific revolution etc.

[@HansDunkelberg1]

_Ruling the world through tolerance,_ that's an interesting, and seemingly paradoxical conclusion. Apparently it's especially well possible to rule if you have some credibility, an aura of decency.

[@gorgonchang7352]

Dutch and decency? Study Indonesian history. Learn what the Dutch did there. Not decent.

[@HansDunkelberg1]

@@gorgonchang7352 I think I have read something about enforced marriages. Perhaps it's really just an _aura_ of decency that you need for dominating the world. But it also could be that compared with others, the Dutch of their heyday still have been the most upright. You encounter criminality in all societies, also corruption and some forms of terrorism.

[@AudieHolland]

@@gorgonchang7352 Yeah, and then realize that Suharto slaughtered about 200,000 - 2 Million Indonesians.

[@mengelmoesNL]

@@gorgonchang7352 Sure, but I think Indonesians are happy that they weren't colonised by the Spanish like the Philippines (ironically named after the guy the Dutch revolted against).

[@JumpingTomato]

As a Dutchman and Amsterdammer myself, having studief the history, I have to add something. Tolerence in the Netherlands is, and never was, motivated by believes or whatever. It's just that intolerance is bad for business. If you have the chance to publish a book that everyone wants to read but no-one else wants to print, what are you gonna do? There's money to be made, who cares what the bood says. It's all about trade and money. Or at least in big part.

[@Man-in-the-green]

❌❌❌

[@JumpingTomato]

@@Man-in-the-green ❌️ ❌️ ❌️

[@Robert-rr7kw]

Some years later , when the Dutch had returned to Fort Nassau -- nothing more than a log and embankment-- they found nothing but the bleached bones of their slaughtered Dutchmen . -- Lenni - Lanape ( The First People) South - West New Jersey, along the Delaware River. You can still find the Dutch flower there along Gloucester point

[@TSERJI]

😥

[@ronaldderooij1774]

I think this was a good documentary. I must, however correct two things: 1. The Dutch revolt started not for religious freedom, but to keep old rights of noblemen intact against the Spanish wish for centralisation of government. The religious part came only later. 2. The Spanish inquisition was not that bad. 90% of the people that were accused came away with a fine, or a symbolic punishment. The number of prosecutions was not that high either, because of the reluctance of mayors to cooperate with the prosecutors.

[@OgrimMetal]

I do agree the main political cause of the revolt was the protection of the rights and privileges of the nobility and the cities. However, I do feel you are downplaying the influence of the reformation. We're talking about the 16th century here, where pretty much any action, political or otherwise, required religious justification. Thinking taking up arms against His Most Catholic Majesty and Defender of the Catholic Faith King Philip II, was not at the time considered to be a religious act is well... incorrect. It is also true the conversion of William of Orange to the reformed church was almost certainly a political act, the fact he had to do so in order to properly give lead to the revolt is meaningful.

[@ronaldderooij1774]

@@OgrimMetal Well, as far as I know, the discusions between Orange, Egmont, Hoorne on the one hand and Margaretha von Parma on the other, were fueled not by religion, but by the role of the States General. As said, yes, the religious component came, but later. Religion here was used not even as a justification from the Dutch side. In fact, Egmont and Orange wanted religion out of the discussion for as long as possible. With no success. But that was primarily because the Spanish drew Catholicism in. That triggered a counter reaction by Calvinists primarily.

[@OgrimMetal]

@@ronaldderooij1774 I acknowledged the original political causes of the revolt. Orange and co where representatives of the nobility and originally in opposition to the geuzen, whom they later came to lead and who where already sieging cities. The geuzen where calvinists, who rose in revolt as a result of a procimation of heresy against the calvinists by Margaretha von Parma. Yes, the atrocities committed by the Spanish that get referenced often occurred after the revolt. The Dutch Reformed Church became the official state enforced church of the united provinces. If anything I feel the religious tolerance on the Dutch side gets overplayed (schuilkerken), not the relevance of the reformation.

[@ronaldderooij1774]

@@OgrimMetal Yes, I agree.

[@MrJudge51]

So,, You really acccept a 10% innocent casualty? Happely we are not in medival times any more ;-)

[@robkunkel8833]

A very useful video for me in my discussion about Dutch colonization of Curacao, St. Eustatius, Suriname & Kingston and Danish Colony of Taphus later to be Charlotte Amalie … and later St. Thomas, USVI. All of these colonies have one thing in common: They have (or had) a “sandfloor” Synagogue with services dating back to the 1700s. There are (now) five such places in the world. Eustatius is a ruin but Amsterdam is the last one. See you soon? 💐🌴🔯

[@subtitelingyou]

As an black man, i despise the DUTCH coloniall hegemony, untill this day.

[@abbofun9022]

@@subtitelingyouwould say that that goes for ALL colonial and conquest activities? Executed by Dutch, Brits, or whoever.

[@TheSuperappelflap]

@@subtitelingyou Such a regressive racial worldview. Imagine hating people just because of your skin color.

[@StopFear]

I want to bring the attention of the people viewing this to something the show host does at some point. Go to 30:15 where he is standing in a boat/gondola narrating the show. I don't know how his camera crew could have had a teleprompter tripod there. Maybe they had. But maybe he actually remembered what he had to say. In any case I think the quality of this Korean documentary production is pretty good.

[@YouTubeSnoozer]

Agreed. Very well done and straight forward which I like

[@TheSuperappelflap]

Knowing Koreans, he probably memorized the text in its entirety

[@lewismercy4133]

The dutch speaking peoples are awesome. I admire them!

[@Aman1nFull]

The video looks very polished but it contains a lot of mistakes, and I'm only at minute 1"44. For instance, it says the Dutch Republic gained its independence in 1585. Wrong. It was 1581 when the so-called "act of abjuration" was signed which stated that Philip II had failed his duties as a lord and was considered to have forfeited his right to the throne. By the way I only had to read the wikipedia page to find this information. Another flaw is that the country shown at minute 1"40 does not overlap with the territory occupied by the Dutch Republic, since it also contains the Spanish Netherlands which remained under Spanish control. The Dutch Republic had a really small land area.

[@zohlandt]

They also showed a map that contains the province of Flevoland. So what? What is exactly your point?

[@madelief47]

As a Dutchman myself, and a History buff, this episode does realise me the exeptional country I live in. We have freedom indeed, tolelance as well, but it's under pressure. Here to be shown is that Freedom also does Florish! One point of critisism I must speake out. Part of the Dutch wealth of the 16th century, and the years after, was based on slavery. That is not mentioned at all. As a Historian, I embrace my own History, but I am also critical. The old centre of Amsterdam, Leiden, Haarlem etc, is based and build on trade of spices, gold, weapons ( The Netherlands were one of the biggest traders of arms in the 16th century.) and slavery. This is still an issue today. We cannot and must not ignore the suffering of so many people. The exploitation of our Western and Eastern colony's. The decendens of those exploited still live today among us, in the Netherlands. History is to be proud of, but also to be learned of! Let us not forget, and enjoy the wealth and freedom we have.

[@petersteenkamp]

Not a very big part. The biggest part of Dutch wealth came from the Moedernegotie (moeder = mother, negotie = trade in goods) which was the trade with the baltic states and Northern Russia. That was more profitable because it was cheaper due to the shorter distances involved.

[@alexk9295]

Je engels is behoorlijk slecht voor een universitair opgeleid persoon.

[@erandeser5830]

And, as the people of Borneo say, the Dutch left, and then came the Javanese....

[@TheSuperappelflap]

Oh please, can we stop talking about slavery that happened 400 years ago and start talking about the modern slavery in China, India, and the Arab states? No? didnt think so either.

[@erandeser5830]

The descendants of the slave traders and owners also still live among you today. As you are a historian, you certainly are able to trace them. And ask for their cooperation in making wrongs right.

[@FelipeHawk1]

The Portuguese caravels were light, with agile sails, and therefore, they were the only ones that could be faster, against the current. Wherever the Portuguese and Dutch met, whether in the east or west, or in distant oceans, seas... they entered into combat, disputing islands, lands... The battles between Portugal and the Netherlands are considered by historians as the first World War...

[@normanbraslow7902]

The Dutch wisely decided to concentrate on trade, not military conquests to expand. They let the Spanish grub for gold, they realized trade was the key element in economics to control.

[@sebe2255]

Wisely? It had nothing to do with being surrounded by far larger neighbors with far larger armies? And it had nothing to do with having a relatively small population, thus not being able to do much settling in colonial regions? I doubt it

[@Alejojojo6]

Yet the Spanish hold their MASSIVE empire for longer than any other power in Europe with way more freedom that people think. In fact the first law on human rights happened in the Univesity of Salamanca, the oldest European parlament are las Cortes of Leon and the Laws of Burgos of 1512 and the New Laws of 1542 protected the natives and called them subjects of the Empire and they have the first Black Person to ever attend University in Europe and become a successful scholar (Juan Latino). You can google it and see for yourself how much damage the black legend and all the myths out there about the Spaniards are in place.

[@TheSuperappelflap]

@@sebe2255 Sweden also had a small population and went the imperial route, conquering Scandinavia and forming a personal union with Denmark. The reason the Dutch focused on trade isnt that we couldnt field a large army. In fact, the East India Company had a private army that was very sophisticated and could rival the British in the Indies, and the Dutch won several wars against, among others, the Spanish and the British, who had some of the largest best equipped armies in Europe. The reason is that its simply much more profitable and less dangerous to let other people fight each other and supply both sides with weapons, gunpowder, and of course spices, works of art and other exotic goods. The location of the Netherlands in the delta of the Rhine and Meuse rivers meant that our ports controlled access from the Baltic sea, North sea, and Atlantic ocean into the European heartland. If you wanted to ship anything into central Europe from Scandinavia, the Baltic states, North Germany, Britain, France or Iberia, you had to go through our ports. Because the Suez canal didnt exist yet, all the trade from Asia had to go around Africa and end up in those ports, same as most of the trade from Africa itself, and the new world. Additionally, the Dutch for 400 years were the only nation that the Japanese were willing to trade with, because we showed respect for their culture and didnt try to invade them. Having a monopoly on trade with an entire nation is obviously quite profitable. Its also a cultural thing. The Dutch at that time were a collection of very loosely federated mostly independent provinces, city states and bishoprics. They had more independence than the states that make up the USA do today. The only federal authority was the Estates General which was made up of representatives of the provinces that made decisions about matters that the provinces couldnt do individually, such as coordinating the war effort against the Spanish, and foreign affairs. There was no king or caesar with imperial ambitions and dreams of conquest in Europe. The Dutch were used to governing themselves and letting others sort out their own business. As long as the Holy Roman emperor or the Spanish king didnt interfere in our affairs and didnt demand too much taxation, no one even cared much which empire they supposedly belonged to. As for settling colonial regions, the Dutch settled in Indonesia, Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), Formosa (Taiwan), South Africa, Brazil, Suriname, the Caribbean, and of course in New York, among other places, so I wouldnt call that "not much settling". Besides the English, Spanish and Portuguese, the Netherlands were the 4th major colonial power during our golden age. And the reason this colonisation was succesful was that the Dutch didnt need to use their manpower to fight wars on the European continent and we could focus our navy and military on the colonies. Only very rarely were any wars fought against the other major powers in Europe, for example the Anglo-Dutch wars, in which we were quite competitive with the English royal navy. Whereas the English, French, Spanish and several German states were pretty much in a constant state of war against each other, or the Ottomans or the Russians or take your pick.

[@Gloriaimperial1]

Spain reinvested 70% of American wealth in America and the Philippines (80% in the 18th century): 31 universities, 2,300 stone cities, 900 great hospitals, 400 cathedrals: Spanish legacy: second mother tongue in the world, after Chinese : 480 million native speakers Spanish (English, another commercial empire: 380 million native speakers. 60% born in parts of the USA that were never the Commonwealth. Catholics who made Spain, expanding the Western world: 800 million Catholics. 100 million in Asia. Dutch universities in the world: Indonesia 1946 (300 years after arriving there, and 2 years before independence). Dutch heritage: 25-30 million speakers (90% in Holland). That is the difference between commercial empires and Romanizing empires. I am glad that Holland had a lot of prosperity. But Spain is getting closer every decade to the strongest economies in Europe, with this global legacy. Furthermore, Spain had a 200-year war (1500-1700) against 5 European powers: France (Huguenots and Catholics), England (Anglicans), Protestant Germany (Lutherans), the Netherlands (Calvinists) and the Turkish Empire (Islamists). We saved the Catholic religion in places like France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Malta, Italy... It was an enormous expense, if we think that the USA has left Afghanistan after 20 years of war, due to the high expense, against an army From the third world. We couldn't trade with those powers, but those powers did trade with each other. Those hard wars in the Netherlands also prevented the Protestants from forming a common front, invading Madrid, Lisbon, Vienna or Rome, and then our world empires. The third factor is that the Mediterranean peninsulas are very far from the trade of the flat lands of Central Europe, where most of the European population lives. A Spaniard from the south or a southern Italian had to travel 40 days to sell a product in Germany in the 15th-19th centuries. That's not competitive. A Frenchman would cross the border from Switzerland, Germany or Belgium, sell a product and return home for dinner. I suppose Morocco, Tunisia or Egypt have it even more difficult. Now there is road transport, air transport, train, internet sales, stock exchange and air conditioning. That is the reason why skyscrapers are growing even in Addis Abbeba, capital of Ethiopia. Mexico and Peru produce more gold and silver in any year of the 21st century than the Spanish empire did in 100 years. Wealth was unlimited in those centuries, but it had to be reinvested.

[@grahamgillard3722]

You’d think people would learn from history that political freedom and economic freedom is the only system of government that has ever generated peace and prosperity.

[@jasfan8247]

You forget that also includes the profits of war and theft....

[@talljohn5350]

People forget very quickly. Freedom also means big rewards means a lot of work and some risk. People who grow up not recognizing what it means to have the opportunities to take charge of your own life think that there should be no risk of them not having a financially secured future. Combine this with the envy of the rich and you get the constant cycle of young people thinking left wing/socialist/communist systems are better.

[@timclinton9427]

And even that was at someone oppression

[@kellyowens1868]

@@jasfan8247 + No, you forot Jan ... that war. & theft are not intrensic parts of systemic "freedom," but aberations FROM the "western tradition." War, & theft, in fact, predate civilization itself, when one band of early humans decidesxto raid another, neighboring band living in the next valley, over the mountains. They kill the 4, or 5 males, the few old ones, & all the young ones, taking what food they have cashed near the rock outcrop they had lived under for many generations, any weapons, tools, skins, dogs, & breeding aged women, who survived the half hour of fighting it took to kill those 4, or 5 warriors, dispatching the

[@luiscastro-my3iw]

@@talljohn5350 Agreed but there should be a general consensus concerning a continuum of power and Accountability/Morality considered together. The fear is that the opposite would happen and any disagreement seen as contempt could cause loss of life and liberty to the common man.

[@AbuSous2000PR]

very good and accurate documentary I like to add.. the Muslims who were quicked out from Spain... were large in numbers with good skills in riding the seas... the Dutch used their skills.. to terrorize the Spanish coast with pirate raids. later they became known as the Barbarous pirates👌 this lasted for 3 centuries ..may be more Spanish Arabs/Muslims are still bitter about it later I found..they were bitter because many of them lived there for centuries ... I mean as long as the Christians...and many of them were Spanish who converted to Islam they documented their feelings in a new genre called mourning the lost cities رثاء المدن

[@andrewcole4843]

No not as long as Christians, and more of non Arab North African ancestry, just that Arabs were themselves colonial and very ruthless.

[@user-mi1rt2dc2e]

The dutch speaking peoples are awesome. I admire them!. Who else binge watches documentaries solely for entertainment?.

[@enisredzepagic8823]

How can you admire colonial powers?

[@MrJudge51]

Spot on. I know. We are not the most shy people in the world, but you got to do, some for a living? innit?

[@viveleroi4214]

La que acabó con la preponderancia de España como primera potencia mundial fue Francia partiendo en la guerra Franco-española de 1635-59. Inglaterra era un poder bastante menor.

[@josiasguiomar2504]

Espanha fez o mesmo a Portugal, com a "armada invencível" e o seu desastroso rei.

[@juliopadua641]

When Dutch children misbehaved or didn't listen to their parents , the parents would say to their kids, the Duke of Alba (Don. Fernando Álvarez de Toledo) will come for them.😫😂

[@hvermout4248]

Oh ... I thought Zwarte Piet. (= converted Spanish muslim)

[@martijn3015]

@@hvermout4248 Dat ook, maar dat was vooral veel later (20ste eeuw) Wat hij hier bedoelt is ten tijde van de spaanse inquisitie, waar de hertog van Alva de grootste aanstichter van was.

[@hvermout4248]

@@martijn3015 Nee Martijn. De Zwarte Piet traditie stamt uit de Spaanse tijd. De Zwarte Pieten waren door Sint Nicolaas bekeerde spaanse moslims (Moren) die ZO BLIJ waren dat ze door Sint Nicolaas gered waren dat ze hem trouw bleven dienen.

[@Gloriaimperial1]

@@hvermout4248 I do not defend the work of the Duke of Alba, although he was greatly supported by the Belgians and the Catholic Luxembourgers. But don't let the South African Dutch in you escape, so tolerant until 1990 (called apartheid)... The Caliphate of Córdoba was the most important city in Europe in the 9th-10th centuries, with 450,000 inhabitants, marble palaces, public baths , child literacy rate of 90%, 170 intellectual women (poets and translators), the most modern science and medicine, the legacy of the Greeks that Europe was losing, and the first man in history who managed to fly, Abbas Ibn Firnas , philosopher and scientist, creator of hang gliding. (Leonardo's designs never worked, and we only managed to fly in a balloon at the end of the 18th century, and in an airplane in 1900). In the era of splendor of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the great European cities were towns of 15,000-30,000 inhabitants (Amsterdam, Paris, London, Madrid, Barcelona), with wooden houses, mud in the streets, an illiteracy rate of 95%, poverty and fanaticism. And they almost only came out of the feudal era when Spain made the first globalization of the world, and 40 universities in the world. The only university in the Dutch empire is in Indonesia 1946 (2 years before independence).

[@hvermout4248]

@@Gloriaimperial1 Huh? Why do I deserve this sudden preaching? Did I claim that the Dutch are tolerant? Did I somewhere deny the achievements of medieval Arabs?

[@MyRealName148]

The Protestant work ethic which freed up ones time dramatically was one of the few factors which led to their dominance for several centuries.

[@Atlaspower78]

The Republic of the United Netherlands consisted of more then just Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelre for instance were part of the union

[@ciprianganea759]

Tolerance and equality only at their home. In the colonies they were fiercer than the Spanish, English and French combined. All empires killed natives in the colonies for a bag of spices, the Dutch created genocides to monopolize cloves, nutmeg and more. Practically what the Jewish, or non catholic merchants endured in Spain or other countries, they applied to the natives of some islands, for a few extra silvers per kilogram of spices. It seems that no one is able to learn from history, it's sad that some people don't even learn anything from their own lives. Many colonists were unscrupulous, but the Dutch were simply murderers on ships.

[@martijnb5887]

If the Dutch would have acted the way you describe, Dutch presence in the indies would not have lasted for 350 with a presence of a few thousand Dutch in a country of many millions. Yes, the VOC was ruthless when enforcing its monopoly against endogenous people and English, resulting in the massacre of Maluku islands your are referring to. But these were exceptional. Because the Dutch were interested in trade only, the VOC kept out of the internal affairs of the inhabitants, as long as trading agreements were obeyed (yes, at gun point) and monopolies enforced. This is in stark contrast with the Spanish did in the low countries. Don't let you 21th century prejudices blur you judgement and stick to the facts, both the good and the bad.

[@ciprianganea759]

@@martijnb5887 not just this isolated event. but we could write treatises on every Dutch possession. Maybe you want to talk about what the Netherlands did under Leopold II at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in Africa. You may think that in the 17th century South Africa was won by economic treaties, soft power and gentleness, but it is not so. Of course, with India and Japan the situation was different, but not because the Dutch were good, but because otherwise they lost market share in relation to the other colonial powers

[@dinokknd]

@@ciprianganea759 Mate. Leopold II was a Belgian king. Of Belgium. The fact you can't even get your countries straight makes the entire story circumspect.

[@Man-in-the-green]

@@martijnb5887Here, here.

[@Man-in-the-green]

😂

[@nelsongonzalez4533]

Let's go Dutch today 💸👣💪💰🐒😎🦁

[@leonardohenriques8243]

Is there such a documentary talking about the Portuguese empire?

[@cliveclerkenville2637]

Good content but why the noise ?

[@bconni2]

with the exception of a few islands in the West Indies, there's nowhere the Dutch went, where the Portuguese hadn't already been. almost everywhere the Dutch set sail, the Portuguese had discovered more than a century before. Portugal did all the hard work

[@bartuutgrunn622]

yeah and then the dutch came and said. go away or else

[@bconni2]

@@bartuutgrunn622 the Portuguese always came to fight. they didn't just go away.

[@Michiel_de_Jong]

The Dutch used the knowledge of the Portuguese to get to South East Asia. _"If_ _they_ _boycott_ _us,_ _we_ _have_ _to_ _get_ _the_ _stuff_ _ourselves"_ But the Dutch didn't only copy the Portuguese,... they tried to find a way through the Arctic Sea (and got stuck on Nova Zembla during the winter). They sailed around Australia and were Abel to miss Australia, but found Tasmania in stead.

[@bconni2]

@@Michiel_de_Jong a Dutch bookkeeper in Goa, India who was hired by the Portuguese, transcribed all of Portugal's secret maps. when he returned to Europe and gave the stolen intel to his King, it took only a few years and the Dutch started sailing in the Indian ocean. just one sneaky individual is almost single handedly responsible for the start of the Dutch empire. but i will give him credit, as it took some big balls. all the while knowing that if caught by the Portuguese authorities it would have resulted in his imprisonment, torture and certain death

[@TimSerras]

@@bartuutgrunn622 or else we keep Brazil! Learn your history wise guy.

[@skelejp9982]

It all started with the Siege of Naarden 1572. The Spanish guaranteed the lives of the inhabitants, but after the Dutch at Naarden surrendered, the Spanish raped and pillaged that City. After that, the Dutch would never surrender. I was baptized in a Dutch protestant church, that was partially demolished by the Spanish in 1573, using the church wood for the Siege of Alkmaar.

[@Gaius-Julius-Civilis]

Welke kerk is dat dan?

[@skelejp9982]

@@Gaius-Julius-Civilis De hervormde Dorpskerk van Wijk aan Zee, Noord-Holland. Gebouwd rond 1420. De Spanjaarden rukten op naar het noorden, en hier was Holland op zijn smalst. Dus alles werd geplunderd, op weg naar Alkmaar. Vlak bij hadden de Romeinen in het verre verleden, hun meest Noordelijke Vestiging, van het Europese vasteland: Fort Flevum.

[@Gaius-Julius-Civilis]

@@skelejp9982 Dank je wel, mooie informatie.

[@Man-in-the-green]

Op 1 april 1572 gooiden wij in Brielle die Spanjaarden er uit. 😂

[@Gloriaimperial1]

The Spanish were the leaders of the Spanish empire, and they had the best soldiers (the thirds), but they were only 15% of the total Catholic army in the Netherlands. 85% were Walloons from Belgium, French from the empire, Italians from the empire, Portuguese, German Catholics, English Catholics, Croatian Catholics...

[@CakeboyRiP]

I would love to hear the spanish version of this story

[@markfriedman8282]

It will be the same version, though of all the EU countries today, Spain despite probably 20-25% of its population having Jewish blood is surveyed as the most antisemitic country in the EU. Old habits.....

[@Gloriaimperial1]

@@markfriedman8282 The English expelled the Jews in 1290. Many countries in Europe did this before the Spanish. In 1600 (Jewish data) there were only 300 Jews in London, 1000 in all of England. At that time, in Spain. There were more than 100,000 Jews. It is true that they had become Catholics, but they continued with their businesses and their life here. Only 1 in 7 Jews left Spain. They have surnames of cities: Toledo, Cuenca, Seville, Segovia... or of saints or religious words. But even with the Spanish inquisition, which was much less bloody than the massacres in Germany (witches), in England or the French religious wars, many Jews somehow managed to preserve their religion for centuries.

[@markfriedman8282]

@@Gloriaimperial1 Noted but this doesn't detract from the disproportionately prevalent antisemitism in Spain today, not anti Zionism although they both mean the same frankly, but common or garden variety antisemitism.

[@sanderhenkes7591]

Nerderland is het beste land in de wereld! Ik ben blij dat ik hier geboren ben. Nederland voor altijd!

[@alexk9295]

Begin maar vast Arabisch te leren dan als je van plan bent hier voor altijd te blijven wonen

[@sanderhenkes7591]

Ik zou maar niet zo zeker van mezelf zijn als ik jou was. Vertrouw op allah, maar bind wel je camelen vast!

[@valmarsiglia]

14:17 Iron maidens weren't a thing in the Spanish Inquisition; they weren't even invented till the 19th century, and were invented to highlight the supposed horrors of the Middle Ages.

[@herrero4270]

They were used in this video as a symbol of torture...which, by the way, was widedly used by the Spanish Inquisition in Europe, America and the Philippines...

[@Gloriaimperial1]

@@herrero4270 The Germans didn't need iron, they burned 25,000 witches and put blacksmiths out of work. The religious wars in France caused 2-3 million deaths at that time (perhaps there was more iron and sword there), the English skinned and burned thousands of people, and there was an exodus to the 13 colonies. I mean that iron was important, but it didn't necessarily have to be Spanish.

[@herrero4270]

@@Gloriaimperial1 We're talking about Spain...why do you change subject, so convieniently? And, to avoid your lyings, the English people who went to America was not persecuted by the English Inquisition, which was created by the Catholic kings Bloody Mary and the king Philip II of Spain. Under the protestantism, there was not such a thing like the Inquisition, and they NEVER skinned and burned their religious dissidents who, by the way, were meddling in politics.

[@Gloriaimperial1]

@@herrero4270 The Spanish inquisition killed less than 10,000 people in 300 years, with trials, defense lawyers and the possibility of repentance. It seems brutal to me, in a brutal time. I am not defending the Spanish inquisition, Italian, French or Portuguese inquisition. But the Protestants did much worse things. The Germans burned 25,000 witches in the 16th century, sometimes without trial (not to mention 6 million Jews and other nationalities in the 20th century, with gas chambers, a much more civilized time). The English killed thousands of people at the stake, after tearing off genitals and skinning Catholic priests and others in public squares, in addition to removing food crops from large regions of India, to plant cotton for the English textile industry, which It caused 20-30 million deaths in the 18th-19th centuries in India. Churcill burned food crops in India again in 1942, to prevent the Japanese advance, causing another 2 million deaths.... The French killed 50,000 people in the French Revolution alone, and 2-3 million dead in France's religious wars, in just 25 years. I am not covering up the crimes that Spain committed in the 16th century, I am just saying that other countries are not little angels. The USA killed 1 million Filipinos, deceiving them about the promised independence... If I talk about the Soviet Union, China, Cambodia, Aztecas... Spain did not invent the social Darwinism of some French and British in the 19th century: "The brown races and indigenous people are inferior, because they are poor", the segregation of blacks in the USA until 1970, or apartheid until 1990

[@ironad7420]

@@Gloriaimperial1 "2-3 millions" Bro trying to profess under every comments but can't get is numbers straight. Made your whole interventions pretty doubtable

[@achtatamsterdam9944]

The Dutch revolution and republic invented modernity centuries before the American and French revolution.

[@Robert-rr7kw]

Lived only 2 - miles from Fort Nassau , the Dutch's first small colonisation in USA . Gloucester ,NJ . ( Timmer Kill ) The Lenni-Lenape lured them up the river and then slaughtered them..

[@zohlandt]

That would be New Amsterdam, now called New York.

[@ronnywouters7037]

Nice documentary! I only missed one thing. The Dutch plakkaat v verlatinghe is based upon the idea of a nation under God and the government having the right to govern as long the government is acting as a shephard. This was possible bc Europe was Christian, the monarchy feared God and Bruges, Antwerp and Amsterdam were deeply religious and Christian volunteers handled charity. By accident, people discovered that when there's no taxation, people work harder and the monarchy was confronted by the economic boom of ordinary people. It is not religious freedom that caused the golden age. It is Christianity as an antidote to chaos.

[@bradhicks4057]

Says "By 1555 Charles V was old man hobbling on a walking stick." He was 55! and lived another 33 yrs.! IDK anything about his health conditions, but as a 57 yr old this kinda felt weird, LOL.

[@kedarbarve5884]

Probably Arthritis or some injury while hunting or war ( Ottoman Empire) . If at 57 , you require a walking stick these two might be some of the health conditions . Weak Bone structure might not be possible unless Charles V avoided drinking milk & milk products in favour of ale or wine .

[@dutchman7623]

He suffered from gout and artritis, and had problems with walking from time to time. But that was not a reason to abdicate. He was disillusioned and tired. He managed to unite a big part of Europe (nowadays; Benelux, Germany, Austria, Hungary, many Balkan states, almost all of Italy, Spain, and the east of France), but saw his roam crumbling because of differences he could not resolve. Egocentric local rulers (ab)used science, religion, race, language, culture and more to divide and start conflicts and wars. This is the time in which renaissance, protestantisme, got foothold, and the middle ages came to an end, a tumultuous period in history. To prevent a total collapse he decided to do what the Romans had done 1200 years before, split his roam into two, so each part could flourish, because united they would fail and fall. Thus he gave his grandmothers and mothers inheritance to his son Philip II and his grandfathers to his brother Ferdinand and retired in a warm climate to give his mind and body some well deserved rest.

[@AudieHolland]

All rich people suffered from gout.

[@roodborstkalf9664]

Wrong, he only lived three more years.

[@YouTubeSnoozer]

​@AudieHolland lol why rich people?

[@jeffstevens156]

I hate the fact that I grew up and went to school in Texas, USA. They kept so much from Us. The only thing they told Us about “Holland” was they had windmills and grew daffodils. Period. That’s it.

[@matthijs3134]

I am from Holland and I can tell you there’s a bit more to us than just windmills 😂 for instance in your state of Texas the Dutch helped to build the Seabrook Floodgate Complex

[@kenp5186]

They kept it from you?! Dutch history is not an area of emphasis in any US state, any more than Texas history is an area of emphasis in the Netherlands. There are some 200,000 years of human history, at some point some selectively has to be used in creating scholastic coursework. Attributing this to a nefarious 'they', hell bent on withholding knowledge of Dutch history from you is absurd. It is cool your curiosity brought you to watch this video but suggesting that your earlier lack thereof was someone else's goal or fault is a very odd point of view.

[@peterdevalk7929]

@@kenp5186 ignoring the FACTS that without the Dutch there wouldn't be a 4th of July. Maybe some other date, much later in time, but sure NOT in 1776! Or that the declaration of independence was heavily copied from the Dutch one? Or the FACT that the DUTCH VOC invented STOCK marketing as we know it today? Hence, STOCK is a Dutch word (along many other words in English-speaking USA) MEANING a piece of wood of a merchant vessel sailing for spice in the far East. The VOC was the first and richest and most powerful Multinational in the world, 8 times richer than APPLE nowadays. Remember New Amsterdam, Wallstreet, Broadway, etc., etc,? I guess ignorance is bliss in the US of A.

[@kenp5186]

@@peterdevalk7929 Not ignoring any of that. I stated world history is vast in scope and must be trimmed by necessity in a scholastic environment to fit classroom time and space...and that this is not any sort of evidence of any kind of some nefarious plot to 'withhold information'.

[@jackmcdouglas4126]

@@matthijs3134 And they didn't tell you that the dutch girls leave the rest of Europe behind.

[@Lucardini]

Good doc but kinda wild to just leave slavery completely out of this. Who do you think grew that sugar on those plantations in Brazil. Not even a mention of it lol - A Dutch-Brazilian man

[@yux.tn.3641]

4:38 wow, i did not expect Korean professor in this documentary? i guess people in Korea learn about Dutch history too? ofc everyone is welcome to learn the history of every country

[@robertmason9265]

Correction. The first 'Joint Stock Company' was the Muscovy Company, in London 1601. The Dutch East India Company was incorporated in 1602 also as a Joint Stock Company. This was the real beginning of capitalism, when capital became the most important factor in economics. The Muscovy Company became the [English] East India Company. The Spanish and French trashed the Dutch Republic and London took over as the premier financial capital through its growing empire, copying its stock market and national debt but that is another story.

[@zohlandt]

The earliest records of joint-stock companies appear in China during the Tang and Song dynasties. The Tang dynasty saw the development of the heben, the earliest form of joint stock company with an active partner and one or two passive investors. Yes, the Moskovy company has something going for them, but absolutely not to the extend of the Dutch.

[@zohlandt]

Besides that, the Templars were the first capitalists.

[@robertmason9265]

@@zohlandt Depends on your definition of capitalist. The Templars certainly invested for gain like others but were severly hampered by the lack of legal protection and little diversification of risk that the joint stock companies solved. Marx's definition is not economic but political '....private ownership of the means of production, extraction of surplus value by the owning class...' I prefer to define capialism as the time when capital became the most important factor in wealth creation by enabling the financing of mines, factories, canals, etc safely that were vastly more productive.

[@robertmason9265]

@@zohlandt Thank you.

[@John-ey7vf]

The history presented here is not that of the Netherlands but more that of provinces of Holland and Zeeland. I am norn and raused in the province of Limburg which only after 1815 became part of yhe Netherlands. "Holland" has always been and still is an "imperialist" concept for the rest of the country. In fact the history of the duchy of Gelre duchy, that included much of the now province of Gelderland, north Limburg and part of Germany, is at least as important for my region. Which was and is never teached at school.

[@sebe2255]

Forget about that, they don’t even teach us about the connection we have to the Franks (the earliest form of Dutch is found in the Salic law and the Dutch are mostly directly descended of the Franks, especially in a region like Limburg). Out history classes take a Dutch state centric point of view, which happens to center around Holland for the most part

[@zohlandt]

*taught En voor de rest is het volslagen irrelevant dat Limbabwe pas zo laat om de hoek komt kijken. De Heren Zeventien en de Staten-Generaal kwamen uit alle provincies, niet alleen uit Holland en Zeeland.

[@John-ey7vf]

@@zohlandt Je kent je eigen geschiedenis niet. "Ze kwamen uit alle provincies" Ze kwamen uit de huidige provincies noord- en zuidholland en Zeeland. Dat denigrerend toontje kun je ook weglaten. Toen "holland" nog bestond uit wat dorpen e, slikken en vinnenwateren, waren de graafschappen Gulik en Gelder van veel groter economisch, militair en politiek belang dan "joui" achterland. Dat jij dat niet weet en op school nooit onderwezen is bewijst juist dat cuktureel imperialisme van "Holland"

[@2012photograph]

King Fernando blew it in keeping that power.We in US did not learn those lessons at ending of World War 2

[@Eitner100]

I grew up in Spain and went to school there under the fascist dictator Franco. In our history books The Netherlands was just half a page of uninteresting history. We were taught that Madrid was the centre of the developed world and of course Spaniards were the best, most intelligent, most productive and bravest people on the planet. Spain invented the microscope, the telescope, the helicopter, penicillin and the first fuel engine. All lies, but we did not know any better and censorship avoided getting the real facts. Once I moved to northern Europe, the world looked completely different and I learned all about The Netherlands and their two golden ages.

[@manuadferrum]

Trots op mijn voorvader die samen met Michel de Ruijter vocht en is gesneuveld tijdens de slag bij lowestoft.

[@godfriedmontana2705]

Ik ben in Engeland geboren en getogen net zoals 90% van mijn voorouders voor zover bekend,. Ik ben daar niet trots op maar ik schaam me d'r ook niet voor. Ik had er namelijk niets mee te maken.

[@williamegler8771]

The country is the Netherlands. Holland only refers to the provinces of Noor-Holland and Zuid-Holland which are only two of the 12 provinces.

[@matthijs3134]

Everyone knows it at Holland mate. Have some more vinegar

[@generaaldelarey2007]

you are all allowed to call Holland .Holland

[@jiriwichern]

Normally I'd agree. But as this documentary is especially about the golden age; Holland was the province where it all played out. And as a country, the Netherlands was mentioned several times in the documentary.

[@zohlandt]

Yes, and back then there were 17 provinces of which Holland was the dominant one. And still is.

[@theobolt250]

Long story short, more ships that were cheaper built, needed less crew, so cheaper in use. Besides the Dutch ships had for a period advances in manouvrebility and the Dutch had also good fire power. So, there ya go! More boom for less bucks.

[@alanseymour1252]

Introduction can be better, far better.

[@silveriorebelo2920]

the Dutch stole Portuguese navigational know-how, and attacked the Portuguese posts all over the world - the great occasion for imperial Holland was the fact that Spain invaded Portugal and dominated it during 60 years, from 1580 until 1640

[@EarleALLEN]

Imperial Netherlands that is not holland

[@5thMilitia]

Portugal didn't trade with the Netherlands anymore so the Dutch had little choice. But Spain and Portuguese forces united, so Portugal really had no excuse to lose their dominant position in Asia

[@efisgpr]

Source: silvério rebelo 🤔

[@DenUitvreter]

Of course, the Portuguese joined Spain that wanted to annihilate the Dutch Republic and kill all non catholics. The VOC was founded to take the 80-year war for independence overseas, and finance the presence with trade.

[@bloedblarre]

Indeed! However, the Portuguese got their navigational know-how from Morocco though.

[@benjaminrush4443]

People forget that Spain was a Global Power before and after 1588. Holland not only had a great navy but also became financially strong. Spain flooded Western Europe with Gold & Silver shifting a Barter System into a Monetary System. Spain's Iseballa & Fernand desired to "Romanize" Spain 100 years earlier as Spain, the Superpower and the spread of the Roman Catholic Church. Protestant Merchants desired keeping their Finances, instead of giving the Gold & Silver to the Aristocrat Families & the Church. Common Point - It all comes down to the Money & Religion. Erasmus, from Holland, was a tremendous spiritually driven individual. Surprised, as a Catholic, Philip's Inquisitors didn't 'get their hands' on him. What seldom is realized is the number of people 'executed' under the Inquisitions and the Crusades of earlier times. Alfonzo's wonderful rule could have transformed the world at the time. Spain began their slow righteous decline in 1492. What a great festival in the City of Leiden to commemorate their freedom in 1494. What a great documentary on Tiny Holland. "Melting Pot". Merchants. Shipping. Thank you very much.

[@Gloriaimperial1]

Spain reinvested 70% of American wealth in America and the Philippines (80% in the 18th century): 31 universities, 2,300 stone cities, 900 great hospitals, 400 cathedrals: Spanish legacy: second mother tongue in the world, after Chinese : 480 million native speakers Spanish (English, another commercial empire: 380 million native speakers. 60% born in parts of the USA that were never the Commonwealth. Catholics who made Spain, expanding the Western world: 800 million Catholics. 100 million in Asia. Dutch universities in the world: Indonesia 1946 (300 years after arriving there, and 2 years before independence). Dutch heritage: 25-30 million speakers (90% in Holland). That is the difference between commercial empires and Romanizing empires. I am glad that Holland had a lot of prosperity. But Spain is getting closer every decade to the strongest economies in Europe, with this global legacy. Furthermore, Spain had a 200-year war (1500-1700) against 5 European powers: France (Huguenots and Catholics), England (Anglicans), Protestant Germany (Lutherans), the Netherlands (Calvinists) and the Turkish Empire (Islamists). We saved the Catholic religion in places like France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Malta, Italy... It was an enormous expense, if we think that the USA has left Afghanistan after 20 years of war, due to the high expense, against an army From the third world. We couldn't trade with those powers, but those powers did trade with each other. Those hard wars in the Netherlands also prevented the Protestants from forming a common front, invading Madrid, Lisbon, Vienna or Rome, and then our world empires. The third factor is that the Mediterranean peninsulas are very far from the trade of the flat lands of Central Europe, where most of the European population lives. A Spaniard from the south or a southern Italian had to travel 40 days to sell a product in Germany in the 15th-19th centuries. That's not competitive. A Frenchman would cross the border from Switzerland, Germany or Belgium, sell a product and return home for dinner. I suppose Morocco, Tunisia or Egypt have it even more difficult. Now there is road transport, air transport, train, internet sales, stock exchange and air conditioning. That is the reason why skyscrapers are growing even in Addis Abbeba, capital of Ethiopia.

[@benjaminrush4443]

Thank you for your response.@@Gloriaimperial1

[@brauliocavalcanti3703]

Spinoza's parents were Portuguese, not Spanish.

[@DenUitvreter]

Yes, but all Sephardic jews were called Portuguese because Spanish had a bad connotation to it. So I understand the confusion.

[@brauliocavalcanti3703]

@@DenUitvreter I don't see how. I know our history well

[@DenUitvreter]

@@brauliocavalcanti3703 Not your confusion, that of the video. The Sephardic jews are always called the Portuguese jews alternatively, but a lot of them were Spanish. Most moved to Portugal first, than Portugal joined Spain in persecuting them and they moved North. But Spanish was almost a word for evil back then in the Netherlands, so it was nicer too.

[@alfredojerezjerez5060]

From Netherlands to Napoli From Alasca to Argentina From Filipinas to Papua Nueva Guinea From Morocco to Guinear ecuatorial ...The sun never sets in the Spanish empire

[@peterdevalk7929]

Neither in the Dutch Empire!

[@marcl.1346]

As much I love the subject of the 80 Years' War there are so many mistakes, mostly small, in this documentary that the overall perceived production value is so low that I can't bare watching it until the end. Breughel a "Belgian" painter? There was no notion of Belgium back then. He could be called a Flemish (in the modern sense), Brabantian or even Southern Netherlandian but definitely not "Belgian". Christians, Muslims and Jews living peacefully together in Spain? I guess the 500 year struggle called the Reconquesta did never happen... They lived together, yes, but hardly peacefully.

[@worldtraveler930]

Soooooo, we get an in depth look at the reasons of why the Dutch decided to become independent but we never Actually got Any information At All regarding how they ruled the seas!!! 🤨

[@drbelanger73]

I appreciate the scholarly historic perspective. Two complaints. One, PLEASE don't voice over the presenter. I am sick to death of hearing English instead of native speakers. Give me subtitles. Let me hear people speak. I will decide for myself. Second, I appreciate the capsulated historic content of the film. I, like Joseph Conrad, have been to Congo. Stood at the mouth of the river. I am not entirely sure who is Dutch, Belgian, or even what the Netherlands are. All I know is Africa went on to suffer horrifically from Dutch trade. In the interest of fairness, the colonial impact of this "wave of tolerance" needs to be explored in a wider context.

[@NuncEstBibendumX]

It was a Belgian King that reigned in terror in 19th century congo. The slave trade with the kingdom of Congo was mainly dominated by the portuguese, but also Dutch traders would be present. It is overplaying the tolerance part. The city I live in was/is catholic and during the reign of protestant Holland catholic churces were closed. People were free to be catholic at home though. The catholic provinces also got no representation in de staaten generaal

[@drbelanger73]

If you go to West Africa, you will find the fortresses built by Africans who sold Africans into slavery. Placing slavery solely in the hands of Europeans is a convenient simplification.@@NuncEstBibendumX

[@harryeisermann2784]

english never defeated, Spain , a North Wester storm fixed it, once and for all, simple gone smashed on Irish coast

[@DenUitvreter]

Indeed, the Dutch bankrupted them. The Netherlands were responsible for over half of all the tax income of the Spanish Empire. So the Dutch Republic not paying any longer was a huge blow, and then they had to fight an 80-years war against the extremely rich country.

[@josephrego2527]

The Dutch and the French were merely able to pick up the scraps left over by Portugal, Spain and the English who were already overly extended.

[@henkheemskerk4437]

If you put on a name of you vid please do the right 1. Put in the 7 province of the netherlands

[@thehillbillygamer2183]

What is a Chinaman doing telling this tale of Europe's history why can't we have a Dutch man telling it

[@ferdinandvanzyl1500]

🇿🇦