The Secret for Decoding Molecules

[@Rudol_Zeppili]

Waiting for that chemist who’ll confirm whether double Pi bonds can or can’t rotate…

[@alexthedolphin0939]

Let me know when you find out

[@Rudol_Zeppili]

@ Oh I will

[@LmaoDed-haha]

Why are you using "Double" and "π" at the same time? Double bonds already include π bonds.

[@Rudol_Zeppili]

⁠@@LmaoDed-hahaDouble π bonds, not double bonds. Though I can see why that’s confusing, however it’s what MAKiT called them so I went with it lol.

[@lotsoflambdas]

No.

[@martimoleraijaner8010]

Chemist here, iirc I was taught in uni that triple bonds don't rotate. With that said, since they are linear and don't offer stereoselectivity, a rotation woudnt make the molecule act any different, except maybe its IR spectra.

[@MAKiTHappen]

That is the biggest issue, because the three kinds of sources I was able to find were: 1. They do rotate 2. They don't rotate 3. It doesn't matter

[@empmachine]

@@MAKiTHappen I'll take a stab at that (I'm totally not a chemist though) 1. take polyyne, the triple bonds there could 'arguably' rotate, but only as a whole Acetylene (since it's connected by single bonds to the rest) I bet every time it "rotates' it's just another case of R-C≡C-R where the C's just rotate together. 2. Makes sense if you drop the donut thing.. I've never heard of that before.. always seen the clouds disparate. 3. Maybe since you always have one bond left over with a C≡C, it doesn't matter.. since it "effectively rotates" despite not internally rotating.. ... but again.. I just work with orgo related stuff.. not a chemist..

[@dancoroian1]

​​@@empmachinejust curious as to how one comes to "work with orgo related stuff" and know as much as you seem to (enough to have an intuition about theoretical orbital behavior, anyway) _without_ being a chemist...? 🤔

[@empmachine]

@dancoroian1 sry, can't talk about work. It'll dox me and I'm blocked by an NDA too

[@dancoroian1]

@@empmachine not looking for any specific details, just puzzled by what you meant

[@Funkycorgiz]

Crazed man's rambling finally came to fruition

[@chan-the-chemist]

Chemist here. It has been shown (experimentally and through theoretical calculations) that triple bonds can rotate. This is well established in the literature, with several papers from the late 80s-early 90s on the topic. Here's an excellent source: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6216-6229. However, to the best of my knowledge, this has only been observed in metal-metal triple bonds (interestingly, metal-metal quadruple bonds can't rotate!) As far as I'm aware, it's unknown whether carbon-carbon triple bonds can rotate. As others have mentioned, it would be impossible to detect this experimentally, so we'd have to rely on calculations of the energy barrier for the associated rotation. Also as others have mentioned, whether there is rotation about that bond or not, it doesn't matter, since sp hybridized carbons are strictly linear. This geometry isn't the same for metals however, which means that it does matter whether there is or isn't rotation, and it's why we're able to detect the rotation in the first place. Edit: I should say, though, that metal-metal triple bonds are inherently different from carbon-carbon triple bonds because of the orbitals used in bonding. In the case of metals, they're mostly using d-electrons, while carbon is using its s- and p-electrons. This is to say that metal-metal triple bonds occur from two (dxz,dyz) molecular orbital overlaps, meaning they're technically 𝛿-bonds, but are interacting in what's called "𝜋-fashion". Carbon-carbon triple bonds occur from two (px,py) molecular orbital overlaps, meaning they're true 𝜋-bonds. This is worth pointing out because these 𝛿-bonds are weaker than 𝜋-bonds, so it isn't a surprise that they're able to rotate. Again, not sure if the calculations have been done in the case of 𝜋-bonds, but my hunch is that the energy barrier would be too high for the rotation to occur.

[@ohnoohgod290]

Excellent comment and side note at the end, I was just going to say that not all triple bonds are created equal and the distinction between pi and delta bonds needs to be made.

[@Angelopommelo]

WRONG MAKIT! I clicked because the thumbnail was indeed interesting.

[@LukeWonderlich-un5ng]

I’m taking AP chem this year and ur videos carried me through the quantum mechanics bit

[@lochie2804]

I don't know how you're explaining it better than when I was learning chemistry in highschool

[@Sem2942UwU]

3:10 can confirm too, I use them everyday too. I have been addicted to taking in atoms since birth! That sounds unhealthy but I promise its not... Though for some reason I can not stop myself from this addiction?

[@combycat]

You’re not alone. I have that too. I’m not proud of it but idk.

[@Kevin-im2kx]

BRO, BEEN HOPING FOR YOU TO MAKE A VIDEO ABOUT ORGANIC CHEM FOR AGES, FINALLY MAN!

[@Phoenix-ik7bm]

The reason I clocked on this video because it's a MAKiT video.

[@MarcoMa210]

clocked

[@RavenSus101]

THANK YOU THANK YOU MAN🙏 you are single handedly going to save me from my finals

[@ubomi.bunjani]

actually, the reason i clicked on this video is that i like listening to science videos while sleeping and your voice does sound good so...

[@felyth]

Since the carboxylic acid group is the highest priority, the 'undecanoic acid' part is right, the aldehyde group's carbon (-CHO) is not a part of the longest chain (it is bound to a carbon that is part of the longest chain, -C-CHO), so it will be formyl... The name will be: 8-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)undecanoic acid.

[@hristobarbolov5953]

Just what i was searching for 👍

[@pickledragonyt]

I really love your videos! It might not seem that impressive, sometimes, when you explain all the concepts, because they're understood easily. But that's exactly why you're amazing, you explain stuff in such a simple Vsauce way, step by step, so that basically anyone can understand complex stuff by the end of the video. I wish you the best of luck, and also, how in the hell do you make videos like this in such a short time? Like, I can get the animations, but all the investigation?? It's crazyy!

[@MAKiTHappen]

I don't quite know what to say, thank you so much for this comment I really appreciate it

[@pickledragonyt]

​@@MAKiTHappen of course, I really appreciate your channel, and will share it with some people. Yeah, trying not to die is a pretty good motivator. The state of KZbin is pretty sad nowadays, but whatever. You're making an amazing project, that is really appreciated, and I hope the channel keeps on growing. Bye, gotta hit the gym now!

[@norliegh]

Hi Makit! Thank you for making chemistry fun. I hope you make more chemistry videos. I understand more from this than I ever did in school. ❤

[@Cody-yx6tc]

You are a great teacher. Good sense of humor among complex concepts. Easy subscribe

[@blnkz4988]

How you made a video in a week?

[@MAKiTHappen]

Desperation and complete lack of sanity

[@usm1le]

@@MAKiTHappen dudes its insane to me because usually with animations like this youtubers would take like 3 months at least

[@RavenSus101]

@@MAKiTHappen😅after seeing the server i can understand😂

[@alexthedolphin0939]

voodoo magic

[@flaym.]

I did end up asking a couple other chem people about the triple bond thing and the general consensus is that it doesn't rotate - I think the donut thing was from a specific context (spectroscopy) where you're assuming delocalised electron density because the entire bond rotates freely

[@Monika-pt1rg]

I clicked on the video to help you pay rent!

[@spacepython_]

I sure love downloading Principia Mathematica, editing a random character, and spreading it online!

[@capitanes_de_los_juegos]

1:43 dude I didn't expect Makit with a long arm wtf

[@mungelomwaangasikateyo376]

That was a phenolmenal joke 😂😂😂

[@Outofpocket2d]

Toughness.. i saw that beautiful word in your charity checkup the other day

[@a_person1226]

Organic chem was a topic I hyperfixated on a couple years ago which really helped this year when I took year 12 chemistry because I had already gotten used to all the naming conventions The only A+ I got in chem (I suck at inorganic chem lmao) (also just a sidenote, the textbook 'an introduction to organic and biochemistry' by William H Brown is really well written and a great organic chem resource)

[@thatdogcanexplode5734]

"when I showed it to someone who knows a thing or two about organic chemistry" you mean Dr Flaym?

[@MAKiTHappen]

Flaym was busy becomming a literal dr, it was pharmamane

[@CT-sixes]

As it is rules since I follow, I see MAKiT upload, I click and then I am gonna get confused and fascinated at the same time.

[@Frddy_-sh8so]

Chemistry time

[@rafa_br34]

0:54 that was.. unexpected.

[@Flesh_Wizard]

14:26 Ah yes, the spell tome of fireball🔥🔥🔥

[@Frddy_-sh8so]

Ah yes , my third Abitur Subject

[@AlexGao0702]

Organic chemistry my beloved

[@officeryoda5262]

If I were you, I wouldn’t try to upload every week. The videos you produce are of such high quality, and that’s what makes them stand out. Don’t sacrifice that. Uploading 1-3 times a month is more than enough.

[@hristobarbolov5953]

16:19 The IUPAC name should be 2-formylbutanenitrile

[@felyth]

I want an explanation how he got "2-methal-butyronitrile" lol, students taking organic for the first time don't mess that up... Anyway, thank you for catching that, I must've missed it skipping forward.

[@MAKiTHappen]

That's the "couple notable asterisks" I skipped over

[@PinkiDay-n1t]

Your animation is so amazing and your talking stylish so amazing and iconic bro

[@georegio]

I hope your fridge gets fuller

[@edgardodeleon7058]

A pi bond can theoretically rotate but it takes too much energy to make that transition since you are reaching a state where the bond is basically broken (when its adjacent and not parallel) which just has a ton of potential energy that it’s unlikely to form. A triple bond may help reduce the energy needed for that rotation since it has another pi bond that is also horizontal but it may also require a bit more energy to break two bonds now. We typically dont assume rotation in triple bonds since they are linear and you could only see it in more special systems.

[@pietrotettamanti3183]

@@edgardodeleon7058 that's not how it works

[@edgardodeleon7058]

@ oh no D:

[@averageenjoyer8777]

Makit what were you doing before youtube? Also love your videos

[@pentasquare]

Goddam. I just realised how overwhelming this must be for beginners.

[@sweetysureka1573]

Helloo so I am a JEE aspirant and I honestly love chemistry and these chemistry videos of your never fail to spark my interest during these stressful times! Thank you so muchh

[@Ryanisthere]

i like your funny words magic man

[@ThxForCake]

gimme that epic science content daddyMAKiT

[@jayypoolton]

And he delivers again. Great work makit

[@alian714]

2:36 it should be clarified that bonds store energy, which is why CH4 burns to release it, saying that adding H is like relaxing a compressed spring is a weee bit unintuitive I get that the analogy is probably to explain the stability of CH4 at rest position haha so possibly unintended

[@Darklait]

Ngl for you to Only have 50k subscribers is crazy for this quality

[@hafixion]

11:02 Hey, you know the name methamphetamine is a bit more nuanced than that. That name is a shortening of N-methyl-amphetamine (iirc, not a chemist myself) which is because there is a methyl group attached to the nitrogen (N). It isn't a funny coincidence, it's what makes meth meth and not Adderall

[@Richard-rk1ru]

Yes. And the naming scheme continues further. So you can try to ask for some ethamfetamine for example. So there will be 2 carbons on nitrogen.

[@hafixion]

@@Richard-rk1ru True, although my intuition tells me that it would lose its effect, just a hunch tho

[@Richard-rk1ru]

​@@hafixionThe fluorated ones are hit or miss. 3fea is great for example. Not sure about normal ea tho

[@hafixion]

@@Richard-rk1ru Is that because the F resembles an OH? I've always been curious about that with some drugs

[@Richard-rk1ru]

​@@hafixion Yeah could very well be. I can't think of any pair of molecules I had that I could use for a direct comparison. But yeah these group look alikes are exploited fairly often. 2C-B has been banned for quite some time now. So was it's brother 2C-E (the bromine is replaced by an ethyl group, small change but it's quite a unique compound all together) And then there is the new 2C-EF that has the added fluoride on the ethyl group and voila this fluorated ethyl group seem to be closer the bromine's electro static potential is thus the closest replacement for 2C-B that we have right now.

[@MrBlaze2126]

Cool the video came just before taking on organic. Talk about the timing!

[@sedatev7341]

I'm actually currently learning organic chemistry in school and I can confirm it's significantly more fun than electrochemistry.

[@MTSUChemistry]

We need an animated Diels-Alder 😮😮😮

[@hrishikeshaggrawal]

12:44 you messed up. The group is popping up way after THIS is said.

[@Mithrral]

Alright fine, I’ll join your patreon.

[@qwertykeyboard5015]

oh hey, makit did it in time

[@Error422win]

Methanium has given this man trauma what did it do?

[@Animaxv9]

This is like a one shot speed up to 2x, a good ride if you know the concepts he talks abt,

[@TheSpoonThatDied]

Makit, i think you're losing sanity from studying chemistry.. Honestly, relatable :]

[@TheEliteMan723]

Time to learn chemistry ig

[@Aman-b5k]

Thank you so much mate, I'm a student who's pursing chemical engineering in india🇮🇳✨, and i find your content amazing af, hope you'll reach 100k asap! 🩷Best of luck love from india 🇮🇳

[@capitanes_de_los_juegos]

I still cant get over "sigma" being a thing used well before the meme yet it still making me laugh

[@the_skywalker644]

Chemistry, the study of exeptions

[@BrunoSantos-bt2bk]

12:45 Why is the main chain name the first thing here in this example, but in the second example it is on the end?

[@simmyfeldbum2878]

Great visuals

[@hello_person_wathing_beatSaber]

Makit is cookin with the vids

[@ianthegamer5894]

Yo its so late why cant i be in a different time zone, I should be asleep and ready for school

[@Ema9ine]

Same

[@INADEQUATEDUCKS]

Who needs sleep when you have Makit

[@sobertillnoon]

It really was option 3 for me.

[@MeInsideTheBox]

PhD quantum chemistry student here. I'll take a stab at it. I think it should rotate. Take the simplest case, acetyline. Its pi-ring is comprised of four p-orbitals, and it's perfectly symmetrical around the C-C axis, so the bonding eigenstates of the pi-ring must be degenerate (have the same energy). When you tack on new groups, the symmetry, and thus, degeneracy, lifts. But, unless there is significant interaction with the pi-ping (neighboring sp2 or sp-carbons), the difference in energy remains very small. This energy, difference, I think, should be on the order, if not smaller, than that for rotation around a sigma-bond. That is to say, it should freely rotate at all temperatures except near absolute zero.

[@MeInsideTheBox]

Now I'm waiting for your video on eigenststes so people understand what I'm saying, lol

[@IceyWeeni]

I’m sold

[@RodLanDiaz]

I think that if you add Nomenclature somewhere in the title, you can get a lot more views from students looking it up!

[@sifi3638]

My brother in humanity, Try to learn morphing animations it will help your videos have a flowy feeling instead of static and harsh experience, and i appreciate your love and enthusiasm for Knowledge and Understanding. Keep it up ❤

[@Hatzmcdoof]

Thoughness.

[@aAtom596]

I found the thumbnail interesting!

[@slyfoxblox]

I clicked on the video because I wanted to watch your newest video. Didn’t even read the title.

[@timhaase9030]

wasnt the ending -al for CHO not only O? reagarding 14:00

[@MarkosFFFF]

I was wondering if the molecule you numbered was correct, but i can't seem to find sources for your friend's naming of said molecule. I am not that well-versed in organic chemistry, but i have some questions. I'm sure this is just an editing mistake, but you kept saying decanoic acid instead of undecanoic acid, which was shown on screen. Secondly, from what i could find, a ketone group is indicated by just "oxo"; no need for methyloxo. When naming the methyl substituent with a hydroxyl group, it should actually be hydroxymethyl, not methylhydroxy, even though i have seen it in simplified versions of IUPAC names. I'm pretty sure this isn't standard IUPAC naming, but as I said, I am not that knowledgeable on the subject.

[@proccessingunit2337]

Am I wrong or is that thumbnail a THC molecule

[@dancoroian1]

9:51 why oh why did you use a drop shadow for this... 🤦🏻‍♂️

[@theredrighteye4380]

Bro you are saving me

[@fuzzycheese]

Look at the isomerization of cis-retinal in the eye to 11-trans retinal. The way our eyes interact with light is via a pi-bond temporarily breaking for free movement then reforming. They cannot rotate otherwise, nor can triple bonds. Also the different models of atomic structure you mention are called valence bond theory and the molecular orbital model. They are both used at the same time by most modern chemists as molecular orbital theory explains non structural properties like magnetism while VB theory is straightforward fot understanding structure

[@fuzzycheese]

You should also show hybridisation and Lewis structures before moving onto skeletal formulas as they illustrate stereochemistry and 3D geometry better

[@Bennett5-x7p]

Great Video.

[@Funkycorgiz]

Fact

[@edward1259]

Man, I love being a liberal arts major. Mostly philosophy courses. Weirdly enough, I love chemistry (and o-chem) a lot. Guess I am really messed up in the head, huh?

[@VernWaybright]

cool, thanks!

[@runaveersiddhi]

a casual nine year old watching stuff that is for university students

[@QSBraWQ]

what is happening...

[@ineedabettername1]

👍👍

[@SixTough]

This feels like physics to me 😂 are you a physicist by profession?

[@MAKiTHappen]

No, but physics is the field I know best

[@m9l0m6nmelkior7]

13:00 sorry to bother but… this isn't ethane anymore, you have to look at the longest carbon chain ! This would be something like… methyloic-butandioic acid ? I don't really know how to name a methanoic acid side groupe… it's a kinda strange molecule you have there, but it's not an ethane derivate ! Ethanoic acid (= acetic acid) is H3C-COOH not H3C-CH2-COOH, that would be propanoic acid !

[@Aayuuush721]

The lack of music in the chains section is off putting lol

[@alian714]

11:43 lmao

[@rishanraaj7367]

Yeahh...

[@ibi_DoesAlot]

nice video

[@thebeardman7533]

Oh no not the chemistry interpretation of orbitals and atoms not have function oh no that doesnt seem right to me i mean physics is better wht this long nami g convention just add subscrpits like physics does when you need to name something

[@ГалинаСавельева-с7и]

Keep going🎉🎉🎉

[@arthurstb1749]

CH5 is stable under hight pressure like at the bottom of ocean ☝️🤓

[@niik8790]

Nice video

[@frenzygaming1]

Wish you had more reach 😔

[@BooLightning]

great video bro

[@ashhadshahzad6200]

I WAS IN THE VIDEO MOM GET THE CAMERA

[@ArpeggioTenor]

YAY ANOTHER MAKiT VIDEO YEAAAAAAAAAAH!

[@larchonte284]

1:50 can you speak slower ? sometime it's hard to understand.

[@Compact_Reactor]

The Thumbnail and Title don't match...?

[@Sanjay_Narayanan]

Bro I'm in a hurry, tell me How to predict the chemical reactions of organic chemistry ( when reactants and medium given) ... i know you can find a simple way to do so... afterall its just carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms, they are simple, you can MAKit

[@MAKiTHappen]

That's actually the topic of the next chemistry video so... just wait like... 15 days... How much in a hurry are you?

[@emantai8468]

First hour gang where u at