The Yamnaya Culture | Bronze Age Steppe Herders

The Yamnaya culture was a Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Pontic steppe (north of the Black Sea) dating to 3300-2600 BC.
Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: yamnaya is a Russian adjective that means 'related to pits', and these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (the famous kurgans - which we call barrows or burial mounds in Britain) containing simple pit chambers beneath the mounds.
In life they practiced transhumance, a type of pastoralism or nomadism where they spent winters in wooded river valleys and summers out on the grasslands with their herds.
The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and is the strongest candidate for the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language (of which English is just one of many descendants).
They possibly invented the wheel, they were the first (or almost) to domesticate and ride horses, and they invented 4-wheeled, ox-drawn axeled wagons that enabled them to drive herds of cattle across the steppes and carry enough water and shelter with them to do so.
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-- People of the Bronze Age series --
People of the Bronze Age Playlist ➜ • The Yamnaya Culture | ...
Yamnaya ➜ • The Yamnaya Culture | ...
Corded Ware ➜ • The Corded Ware Cultur...
Funnelbeaker ➜ • The Funnelbeaker Cultu...
Pitted Ware ➜ • Europe's Last Hunter-G...
Cucuteni-Trypilla ➜ • Cucuteni-Trypillia Cul...
Maykop ➜ • Bronze Age Mountain Ki...

[@DanDavisHistory]

Watch the whole People of the Bronze Age Playlist: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fZLPi3-licqIbZY

[@spurohit6976]

Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.

[@spurohit6976]

Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.

[@spurohit6976]

Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.

[@spurohit6976]

Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.

[@spurohit6976]

Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.

[@conornorris6815]

the American west was briefly a parallel of the yamnaya culture with migratory wagon trains, small bands of horse warriors, surviving on the steppe off of hunting and cattle, and interacting with new and interesting people, the Cossacks were probably similar as well with their expansion into Siberia

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes I agree with you, absolutely.

[@messianic_scam]

so they went to america?!

[@baxswisher7661]

I think that is an extremely over-simplified comparison.

[@jacksonwebb6389]

I've been thinking about this a lot lately. We accidentally created another version of the yamnaya with the Comanche and other horse tribes. Just as warlike and dominant on the plains.

[@wanderluster9034]

I doubt it

[@AndreSonsOfSamael]

This short video had more substance than the 51min long documentary I tried to watch made by NOVA before it. Thank you

[@DanDavisHistory]

That's great, thanks for watching Andre.

[@randallgoulet1550]

Exactly. Concise and interesting. This channel is going to do well.

[@nomanor7987]

@Poika you mean Indian genetics… according to Hindu nationalists and the believers of the Out of India Theory.

[@nomanor7987]

@Poika they say the R1A haplogroup originated in India and spread from there.

[@arhamnahata9523]

@Poika you can research Dr Frawley, Abhijit Chavda giving numerous evidences that the haplo groups consistent throughout the Europe and India came out of India. There are literary, linguistic evidences apart from the gene evidence which debunks the Aryan Invasion of India Theory and supports the Out Of India Aryan Theory

[@Survivethejive]

Nice one Dan

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers mate.

[@DanDavisHistory]

@Secret Guy thank you, I appreciate it.

[@XortiXz]

Very Indo-European

[@thejmoneyshow]

You two are beautiful men and need body guards.

[@dawniebee946]

@@thejmoneyshow Seconded.

[@JackAnna2024]

A salute to our Yamnaya forefathers.

[@christinacolvin681]

This was a great supplement to "The Horse, The Wheel, and Language" by David Anthony, thanks!

[@DanDavisHistory]

I love that book! There has been quite a bit of genetics work in the few years since it was published that generally supports his arguments. Thanks for watching.

[@berserk9085]

@Timothy Jones Why?

[@Daylon91]

I'd just like to let you to know I thoroughly enjoy what u do the fact that u have books based off history with a fictional twist to fill in space is brilliant. Seriously man. Good work

[@troybarham1660]

I like the style of these videos, lots of information delivered in a small space of time. I found you through Survive the Jive whom I've learned a lot from over the past couple of years. It's nice to see these subjects getting explored in such a coherent way

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I appreciate it! I've learned a lot from StJ too, especially the stuff on Paganism which I knew very little about originally.

[@wanderluster9034]

Survive the jive channel is a joke. I would‘t recommend it, its too biased.

[@bannedfordays.5101]

You are clearly just as biased, so why should we listen to you?

[@richardschafer7858]

One of my favorite channels, hands down.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you! Appreciate that enormously.

[@Mrcool12684]

I love the vids my man! Keep it up. Longer ones are the BEST! You keep kicking ass brother and thanks from Oregon US

[@MrsMac3099]

The steppe culture and Yamnaya fascinate me. My Mtdna seems to come from there, it has been found in the kurgan burials.

[@liquidoxygen819]

My mtDNA as well!

[@phoenixj1299]

Most of the Europeans are descendants of these brown skinned Indian looking Yamnya people.

[@liquidoxygen819]

@@phoenixj1299 They looked nothing like Indians

[@Boric78]

"They ate Horses, Sheep, Pigs and male Early Anatolian Farmers."

[@DanDavisHistory]

I believe there is evidence of ritual cannibalism amongst the Neolithic farmers probably to do with mortuary rituals and their complex processing of the dead - defleshing and reinternments and the like. But as far as I know there's no evidence of steppe herder cannibalism.

[@Thekoryostribalpodcast]

@Owen Johnson I am norwegian, french, German, icelandic ánd Scottish Brown hair brown eyes, fáir skin. I have a high amount of Yamnaya DNA. Germany was also found to have 70% yamnaya DNA

[@ajmerthethy6724]

@@Thekoryostribalpodcast nobody cares

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@DanDavisHistorylol he is saying because new research found out they replaced Neolithic farmer male heritage in just 2 decades , Europeans genetic research call it "stone age genocide in Europe" , according to new research their is 90 percent change they destroyed Neolithic farmers and force mixed with Neolithic woman

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@Thekoryostribalpodcast according to Ireland research ,fair skin have not origin in Europe but migrater from very east of middle East or very west of Indian subcontinent they origin and migrated around 7000bce , and around 4000bce whole Europe got mixed and became fair

[@ScottLaneSabineParish]

Really enjoy learning history, anthropology and archaeology. Just stumbled across your channel today and was intrigued enough to start reading the Immortal Knight chronicles. This is just a little kudos and thanks for sharing.

[@Christine_Hart_Journalist]

What a lovely voice you have. No ego. Perfect to listen to. Subbed!

[@amymurch]

You’d like North 02 as well.

[@barbaralucas1220]

Fantastic! Thank you so much . I absolutely love history and this is wonderful ☺️

[@mikiohirata9627]

I'm very glad that YT recommended this channel. I love human history in general so always keep my eyes open for interesting videos. Your concise clear presentation is really appreciated here. I registered and look forward to view more of your presentations.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, welcome to the channel.

[@Flat_Earth_Addy]

They had no writing.

[@user-wr4yl7tx3w]

it's amazing that we even know anything about over people 3,000 years ago. really interesting.

[@Flat_Earth_Addy]

Mostly conjecture.

[@Yourbrother05]

3000 BC not 3000 years, 3000 BC = 5000 yrs

[@yodhin79]

I'm of Brahmin heritage and my GedMatch genetic breakdown for ancient K12 heritage showed I'm mostly a mix of native South Indian and Yamnaya people. Which makes a lot of sense because the Vedas were written by people who were a mix of Yamnaya and Indian. The title Brahmin simply meant the class of people who were keepers of the Vedic knowledge. Very cool stuff !

[@pankajchoudhary6086]

just a foolish thing , can you digest milk like old yamnaya people and you have body strcture like them , and what about your steppe dna and that halogroup which they have

[@pankajchoudhary6086]

yes you have some but not only brahmin

[@pratikgore6536]

Brahman is a caste and is not related to genetics. Read DD Kosambi.

[@yodhin79]

@@pratikgore6536 False - ethno religious groups absolutely have trace genetic markers. How else are they able to distinguish between Jews who are sephardic, ashkenazi, or mizrahi ?

[@pratikgore6536]

@@yodhin79 I am talking explicitly about Castes. Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, etc from a geographical region have the same genetic lineages. Caste is social division with a religious sanction.

[@elihinze3161]

This is my first time meeting another author who writes Bronze Age historical fantasy! So great to see. I know embarrassingly little about Bronze Age Europe, though. (I mostly focus on the ancient Near East, specifically Mesopotamia.) Definitely going to check your books out!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks Eli, I appreciate it.

[@duboisdvoleur]

Thanks so much for this. I have been researching the history of the Black sea region in an attempt to discover the historical roots of the current conflict and this is useful background information

[@madmedic7840]

Its good you're going this far back, but there are no answers here. The current war is simply a US proxy war to expand their empire and extract others resources

[@anonrandom7765]

Got here through STJ. Very nice work, earned a sub.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I appreciate it. Check out the other history videos here and there's more to come. Cheers.

[@johnarmlovesguam]

I love your bronze age stories. Videos too. Write more.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I will do.

[@oversipelio983]

beautiful, thank you

[@theslayer1652]

You've become my new favorite youtuber

[@DanDavisHistory]

Wow thanks so much

[@desdichado-007]

The Yamnaya were smaller than some of their immediate forebears, like the Dnieper-Donets people. Their large size was probably mostly genetic, from the EHG Dnieper-Donets ancestors moreso than anything else.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah the EHG were on average 10cm taller than the WHG. That goes for the men and the women, both averaged 10cm taller. This is likely inherited from the Mal'ta-Buret' and related peoples of the Upper Paleolithic.

[@ezzovonachalm7534]

@@DanDavisHistory In the years after WWII young Europeans began to grow taller and taller. Not because their mother were fecondated by American GIs , but because they could eat more and better.

[@lamebubblesflysohigh]

@@ezzovonachalm7534 also less and lighter work while growing, fewer illnesses etc. Height is really a combination of genes + nutrition + stress put on the body during growth.

[@georgesakellaropoulos8162]

@@ezzovonachalm7534It's estimated that my father was about 5 cm. Shorter than he should have been because of the war. The males in my family average about 174-177 cm. His height was, at best, 169.

[@TheSolder777]

@@lamebubblesflysohigh not work but injuries that come from work. doing squats isn't going to stunt your growth

[@dionisiodussart5629]

Very interesting. The Maikop Culture (where was born thst habit of funeral pits, and where started the bronze age) is mentioned, as well as some of their advantages.... Milk consumption, bronze weapons, use of horses, mobility (wheels) ...

[@theknave4415]

A great video for introducing the Yamnaya to 'newbies'. :) Nicely done.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you. Yes these videos are primarily for my fans so they can better understand the world of this novel series.

[@theknave4415]

@@DanDavisHistory Quality work. You could make a pretty good living on KZbin from these types of vids. :) (I know! Writing is a monkey on your back and you can't let it go. :D BTDT.)

[@DanDavisHistory]

I think maybe 5 years ago you could but I believe all but the biggest KZbinrs make peanuts from the channel. But I do enjoy making them and hopefully it will keep growing and who knows? Thank you for your support, I very much appreciate it.

[@messianic_scam]

@@DanDavisHistory why did they called them yamn very semitic very Arabic

[@jonathanturek5846]

We all have 4 grandparents... Each one born with an individual last name. If you collect all 4 you can figure out your general heritage. Especially if you take 1 step further and do same for each grandparent then you have a set of 16* ... My four are Hurtgen Graur Turek Schindler... Well I'm obviously German.. But have sprinkle of polish & Irish blood in my fam tree ... I also am very good at discerning where a last name comes from.. A hobby I developed and practiced for decades now.. So I love discussing this and teaching my friends where they come from

[@ariochiv]

I'm fascinated by the cultures of this region, from the Yamnaya through the Scythians and beyond. I hadn't made the connection that the Yamnaya might be associated with the origin of proto-Indo-European language. That's an exciting thought.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah the Yamnaya culture is maybe a bit late for the proper PIE origin so it maybe was a bit earlier like the Sredny Stog but it was probably around this area and around this time.

[@chibiromano5631]

Wouldn't R1B just be a hyrbid of R1A(early Kurgan) , Yamnaya and I-Hap (Scan-Pre Sami)? PIE is definetlly more of a Caucasus mountains languages not really European. Uralic is more similar to the Germanic langauges.

[@milanvitu3963]

@@chibiromano5631 sorry but uralic language has no conection to germanic

[@betelgeusestudio_1369]

The Trypillya I2 and the Seredniy Stih R1b/R1a and following the Globular Amphor I2, the Battle Axe R1a and the Yamna R1b might be the very group of cultures where the first Indo-European appeared.

[@iAMaSOUTHpARK]

@@milanvitu3963 Uralic have some Nordic connection proto germano slavic mix indo european scityians central asia Eurasia

[@andersaxmark5871]

Concise and well done

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@betelgeusestudio_1369]

Great video ) Hyper_Borea is the forge of peoples! The Yamna culture looks like that forge.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@Philly_Jump_Over_The_Fence]

Excellent.

[@Seth-gd4mz]

Very interesting video!

[@thearyamehrrf6886]

Dan, this video proves you’re not a whacko. THANK GOD. This channel is PRECIOUS! LOVE YOUR CONTENT! KEEP UP THE GOOD FIGHT FOR OUR HUMAN FAMILY!

[@Concreteowl]

Great keyboards and motor cycles.

[@bobmilaplace3816]

If I had to guess the Yamnaya provided horses and wagons. To the point they didn't conquer but united whole groups who for centuries could only walk to get information across. So their language became a diplomatic/commerce language.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Could be part of it. But the decline of certain male farmer lineages shows that the steppe herders took over too.

[@bobmilaplace3816]

@@DanDavisHistory Maybe the decline was caused by being cut off from the big trade networks?

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah that would likely be part of it. In some cases we see trade networks declining and being cut off before the steppe herders moved in. I believe there were disruptions in southern Europe that led to trade network collapsing and subsequent social changes in the Neolithic north. It may be that the decline in the Neolithic is part of what opened the way for the steppe herders to come in.

[@bobmilaplace3816]

@Poika I thought it was a "my mound is bigger than yours, harder and more robust" oneupmanship.

[@bobmilaplace3816]

@Poika Same reason as today, graves are not only for the dead but a beacon for the living. And keeping with the Jones. The bigger mound meant more prestige and vice versa. Prestige brings economic power and it goes into a positive feedback loop.

[@ArchYeomans]

It would be interesting to see your series go far back to Mal'ta Boy and his father, perhaps uncles, going back around 27,000 years ago near Lake Baikal. We are extremely fortunate to have a basal R* meaning this the deepest ancestry any male in haplogroup R can reach back to. Another interesting fact is how many Native Americans have their deep ancestry connection to Mal'ta Boy in South and North America. Just recently, the earliest haplogroup Q male found is on the near opposite side of Lake Baikal to Mal'ta Boy up the Angara River. Haplogroups R and Q are sibling clades under haplogroup P. There is entirely a possibility that people in Western Europe with haplogroup R are related to people who crossed over Beringia albeit very remotely as the move to North America from Siberia begins around circa 15,000 years ago, possibly earlier as there have been earlier findings of remains in various regions of the Americas before the rise of the Clovis Culture.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah I will do that and in fact I have a video planned to talk about this link between west eurasians and native Americans. I'll do it after my next video. And it relates to my novel series Gods of Bronze because the "gods" in it are actually immortals who evolved in the Mal'ta Buret type cultures in the upper paleolithic.

[@fredperry9235]

Thanks I'm a Jewish haplogroup Q so will look into it.

[@SMunro]

Which language root clusters are you looking for? A group Sex % Development Chain Algonquin M 100% (A; E, O, N, S; T, W) Sioux M 100% (A; N; T, K; H) Sioux F 100% (A; W; I; N; E) Luo F 100% (A; O; N, I; E, G, Y) Polish F 99% (A; L, I; N; E) Russian F 98% (A; I; N; L; R; E) Basque F 96% (A; N, I; E; L; S) Arabic F 95% (A; H; I; R; S) Scot. High F 95% (A; I; R; L; O, N) Celt F 94% (A; I; N; C; E) Portugese F 94% (A; I; E; R; N, L) Delaware M 94% (A; N; E; O; M, K, H) Shona F 93% (A; I; M, E; U) Sanskrit F 93% (A; I; H, R; M, T) Hold Portal 93% (A; T; R; P; O, L) Indian F 92% (A; I; R; N; H; S) Delaware F 92% (A; W, H; Y; K) Cherokee F 92% (A; H; I, E; K) Detect Magic 91% (A; I; M; E; T; G) Sanskrit M 91% (A; I; R; N, H) Thai M&F 91% (A; N, I; O; S, R, P, H) Hittite M&F 91% (A; I, U; T, N) Arabic M 91% (A; I; R; H; M) Hebrew F 91% (A; H; E; R; I) Maori F 90% (A; I; N; H; E) Choctaw F 90% (A; O; L; H, N) Navajo F 90% (A; B, N; H) SE. Ab. F 90% (A; R; N; I, L) Other Am. M 89% (A; H; E; O; K) Scot. High M 89% (A; I; H; O; L; N) Hawaiian M 88% (A; I, L; H; O) Algonquin F 88% (A; O; N, M; H, E, W) Indian M 87% (A; R; N; H; I) Inca M 86% (A; U; C; I; P) Hungarian F 86% (A; I; N; R; L) Gaelic M 85% (A; N; C; E; I) Tahitian F 85% (A; T; E; I; R) Tongan M 85% (A; T; L; E; U, I) Kisii M 85% (A; O; I, M) Kisii F 85% (A; O, R; N; M, E) Other Am. F 84% (A; E; H; S; N; O) Yoruba M 84% (A; O; E; N; I, D) Chippewa F 83% (+N) (A, N; H, I; S, W) Assyrian M&F? 83% (A; H, I; S; U, R) Inuit M 83% (A; K; N, Q, L, S, O) Berber F 83% (A; T; I; E; N) S.E. Ab. M 83% (A; R; N; I; M) Navajo M 82% (A; I; H; S, T) To Observe 82% (A; E; R, I; S, N) Fante F 81% (A; I; B) Volcano 81% (A; N; L; U; I) Saturn 81% (+S) (A, S; N; R, T) Charm Person 80% (A; N; S, E; O) Icelandic F 80% (A; L; R, H; T) Nyakyusa M 80% (A; I; N, E; S) Shona M 80% (A; N, I; R, D) Apache M 80% (A; N; H; K, I; L) Tahitian M 80% (A; T; I; U; E) Yao F 80% (A; I; L; E; S) African/Oth. F 80% (A; N; I; M) Ngoni F 80% (+I) (A, I; N; T, E) Mask 80% (A; M; K; S; U) Plateau 80% (A; T; L; I, P)= Middle Earth 79% (A; E, I; M) Taboo 79% (A; T; U; B; I; M; O) Yoruba F 78% (A; O; E; I; L) Swahili F 78% (A; I; M; N; U) Canoe 78% (A; N; K; O) Maori M 77% (A; I; R; T; U) Chippewa M 77% (A; E, O; W; S, B, H, N) Armenian F 77% (A; I; R; N; O; E) Dragon 77% (A; R; D; N; K) Efe F 76% (A; T; E; I, O) Cherokee M 76% (A; E; H; T; N; U) Inuit F 75% (A; K; L; I; T, O, S) Armenian M 75% (A; R; N; S, H) Crow 74% (A; K; R; O; G) African/Oth. M 73% (A; I; N; O; M) Ibo M 72% (A; I, O; E; N) Witch 72% (A; I; R; E; O) Scot. Low F 71% (A; E; I; N; R, L) Scot. high fam. 71% (A; M, C; E; N; I, R) Swamp 71% (A; O; M; I; T, P, L) Sumerian M&F 70% (A; I; N; H; S) Balinise M&F? 70% (A; E; K, N) Ewe F 70% (A; I, O; M; U) Berber M 70% (A; E; I; U; M) Treasure 70% (A; N; R, S; T) Gaelic F 69% (A; I; E; N; H) Finnish F 69% (A; I; L; R; N; E) Samoan M 69% (A; L; U, I; E, F, S) NW Ab. M 69% (A; U; M; N, I) Zulu M 68% (A; I, N; M, E) Papuan F 68% (A; M; E, I; R, N) Etruscans M&F 68% (A; E; T; L; U) Curse 68% (A; L; K; O, N) Swim 68% (A; N; I; U; E) Dungeon 68% (A; N; I; E; O) Phoenician M 66% (A; R; I; S, H) Hebrew M 66% (A; E; I; H; N) Swahili M 66% (A; I; M; U; K, N) Ngoni M 66% (A; M; L; E, I, O, K, N) Xhosa M 66% (A; O, L; E, I) Zulu F 66% (+N) (A, N; H; E, I, O, L, T) Samoan F 65% (A; L; U, I; E, T) Cave 65% (A; O, G; U; H) Slave 65% (A; L; S; E; O) Plough 65% (A; L; U; G; O; H) Darkness 65% (A; I; N; R; T, E) Ewe M 64% (A; O, E; M; U) Ibo F 64% (+E) (A, E; I, N; O, U) A. Egyptian M 63% (A; E; N; H; U) Walls 63% (A; R; I; E; T, O) Papuan M 62% (A; O; N; I; E; K) Polish M 62% (A; N, E; R; I) Scot. Low M 62% (A; R; E; I; N, L) Mountain 61% (A; T, N; M; U) To Weave 61% (A; E; T; N; U) Tree 60% (A; R; O; E; T) Coast 60% (A; I; T; K, R; E) Hungarian M 58% (A; R; O; L; E) Road 57% (A; R; E; T; D) Island 57% (A; I; S; L; O) Eagle 57% (A; R; I; L; G) Finnish M 56% (A; O; I; E; R; T) Copper 55% (A; R; E; M) Oar 54% (A; E; O; R; I; S; U) Efe M 53% (A; B; I, O, U, M) Ring 53% (A; N; I; R; E; G) Honey 52% (A; M; I; N; E) Wheel 51% (A; R; O; L; K) Tibetan M&F? 50% (A; N; U; I; E) Spear 50% (A; I; N; O; T, H) Reed 48% (A; I; R; D; N) Mayan M&F? 46% (A; C; U; L, H) Fire! 46% (A; O; I; N, U; G, E) River 46% (A; I; E; N; R; O) Fante M 45% (+U) (A, U; E, O, F, K) Germanic M 43% (A; R; D; N; I; L) Germanic F 42% (A; R; D; I; L; N)

[@saanjanibaar8085]

P is an East Asian haplogroup, even though it's decentdent haplogroup R found among present day indo-european speakers.

[@robertmastnak581]

Very interesting fakts. Thx

[@paulbourdon1236]

Brilliant videos! Interesting (and horrifying) that the Eurasian steppe still being fought over.

[@raphlvlogs271]

North west Asian cultures were highly influential to the rest of the world.

[@DanDavisHistory]

They were indeed.

[@blyat5352]

Pontic Steppe is part of Europe. Not Àssia

[@ajmerthethy6724]

@@blyat5352 cope

[@thelivingdead1728]

@@ajmerthethy6724 East of the Urals is Europe, Pontic Steppe is east of that. It's Europe.

[@ajmerthethy6724]

@Lukas Muller Yamnaya: ~ 50% EHG -> ANE + WHG -> brown skinned, black haired and robust. ~ 50% CHG -> black haired brown skinned Hunter gatherers likely of Iranian origins. Now tell me who is really mixed race.

[@donrumata2274]

In this land, the Donbass is located, where people have been melting metal for more than three thousand years. There are a lot of mounds, and ancient stone stelae. The black earth lands there are more than one meter thick. And a lot of coal, which lies almost on the surface. I think the archaeologists will be interested there. But there is a war as usual.

[@HistoryBro]

How many of the original Yamnaya do you reckon there were, roughly?

[@DanDavisHistory]

I don't know if anyone has estimated their population at a specific moment in time. We're giving the name Yamnaya to a series of interrelated groups across an enormous area - at least 1000km wide - over hundreds of years. Within this there's already regional variations between north and south and at the edges. But the technology of Neolithic farming - mainly cattle and sheep/goats and some planting and pigs in some places - filtered into the valleys from Eastern Europe and through the Caucasus and the ancestors of the Yamnaya like the Sredny Stog. They adopted this, invented wagons and wheels and this enabled them to utilise the vast resources of the steppe. They could now convert millions of acres of grass into meat and milk and it's likely the population expansion was one of the mechanisms for driving the migrations.

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@DanDavisHistory done one on jatt north indi

[@lamebubblesflysohigh]

Surprisingly not that many (and that goes for every group). You could have only as many people as you could feed (and remember there was no refrigeration and no way of preserving perishable foods). So pretty much arable land + winter were your bottlenecks.

[@lamebubblesflysohigh]

@@mr.purple1779 and if you look on population of herders around the world, it is always small

[@mr.purple1779]

@@lamebubblesflysohigh Well, as a small one, these regions were controlled by nomads throughout history from the beginning of times to the 17th-18th centuries. It's more like a disappeared civilization. For example, chroniclers accompanying the Central Asian Aksak Timur report that after the fall of Bulgaria, 4 million sheep, 40000 thousand cattle, 500000 horses were stolen. Maybe the numbers are exaggerated, but the scale is still clear. 20 cities and 2,000 settlements have completely disappeared. And this is the beginning of the 14th century. If not for the dramatic historical events, there were many more people than the 6-10 million people of the minor ethnic group today.

[@amberlynnyates1295]

Good stuff.

[@chickenmaster66]

1:06 thank you I heard about them before. But it was killing me where I heard about them. They were Proto Indo-European or may have been. It’s also amazing to think about a group of people before indo Europeans.

[@chickenassasintk]

OUR GREAT ANCESTORS. I love them

[@Sol_Invictus777]

I wonder what haplogroup I-Z58 was or did also it seems like over time the haplogroup changes? The number sequence changes

[@raccoonresident5760]

Dan? In the beginning there was a photo of a bead and tooth necklace, and some tools? Are they needles and a hole punch for leather work?

[@DanDavisHistory]

Could be.

[@briananderson2219]

Dammit, I have watched to many of your videos and now to go buy your books. If your videos are any representation of your style of delivery in your literature, they are going to kick ass. Thanx

[@Sonieta03.]

This is very interesting

[@ArchYeomans]

The Yamnaya are derived from the Khvalynsk Culture and earlier Samara Cultures along the Volga River to the lower Ural Mountains. Horse scepters are found in the Khvalynsk Culture as well as rich horse burials. Although the Khvalynsk Culture did not domesticate the horse, it is likely the horse was revered as scepters, or staffs are signs of power. Horses have always been expensive and only the elite could afford to maintain them as well be trained to use them in warfare. Samara Culture has horse burials as well. Obviously, this would be a sign of respect or reverence for the animal versus just using it as a meat source. R1b is typical of Samara, Dneiper-Donets, Late Repin, or Khvalynsk Cultures. Interestingly, R1b is found in proto-Tocharian cultures farther to the east. R1a is predominantly found in Corded Ware Culture as well the back migration of Corded Ware to Arkaim-Sintashta Culture. I find it interesting that Nordic Mythology has a lot of similarities with Rig Veda or Hindu mythologies as well as R1a being more common in India and Iran than in Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, France, and northern Italy. R1b is mostly found today with Bashkirs (near the homeland of R1b between the Volga and Ural Rivers) and Western Europe.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes indeed, comparative mythology has informed much of the series, as has the migrations of the steppe peoples. In book two we explore the Corded Ware people and at the end of the series a thousand years later we will go to the Sintashta, along with many other places. While my series has been based on the work of David Anthony - the Horse the Wheel and Language and the Samara Project - and others regarding the early date of horse riding, I recently read a book by Robert Drews called Militarism and the Indoeuropeanising of Europe where he interprets the same evidence as Anthony and Brown but comes to different conclusions. One of the main ones is he argues horse riding was not common until after the chariot was invented. It's all so radically different to everything else but it's interesting nonetheless. I've stuck with my warrior elites riding horses in 3000BC however.

[@Steppe0371]

Aside from some Q1, I2, and R1a, all of the Khvalynsk results I've seen are some sort of R1b (xM269). That means, not M269 and certainly not Z2103 or L51. Then Yamnaya moves into the area and almost all of the males are Z2103. So Khvalynsk was wiped off by Yamnaya

[@wanderluster9034]

These people were a minority, who migrated or merged into the larger turkic groups who are the originator of horse back culture and warrior amazons.

[@sadikahsan2492]

Nordic mythology and hindu mythology are pretty much same if we see vedas but when the other hindu scriptures mentions the god they are pretty different. The hindu people ancestors actually came to india through migration. Their ancestor divide into two sect. One went iran and one into india. They were aryans. Aryans are also a part of yamnaya people.

[@messianic_scam]

@@sadikahsan2492 where did they got their name yamn from?! it's very hebrew very semitic very Arabic ben_yamn Benjamin

[@xxx041189xxx]

Is the H13 mtDNA also connected to the Yamnaya? I have that type far in the north-east (Estonia) and have a hard time connecting the possible dots in history here.

[@BenSHammonds]

Dan what are your thoughts on the Cimmerian people, some of which went into Anatolia etc. but what is your thought of some of these folk, in their migrations westward coming into contact with and comingling with the Halstatt culture, or proto-Celt, perhaps the mixing of these cultures developed into what we commonly think of as Celt, with chariot and horse use. The research into Y haplogroups is a fascinating thing, my own is G2a, EEF or Anatolian farmer not unlike Otzi, my paternal line "Hamman" came from upper Rhine region to the colonies here in America in 1740s, so that westward migration was still apparent, and is a fascinating study in and of itself.

[@BronzeAgeSwords]

i enjoyed that thank you

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks for watching.

[@anishtiwari6197]

This is brilliant. Thanks for this. If you could recommend some readings on the yamnaya people. I am particularly interested in their influence of Vedic culture in India.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you. I would recommend The Horse the Wheel and Language by David Anthony, I believe the link is in the description. But how much direct influence the Yamnaya had on the Vedic culture is debatable, there's a long time between the two and it may have been a closely related so-called sister group that was directly ancestral to the Vedic culture. But certainly the complex milieu of the steppe cultures in the Bronze Age led to a series of eastern migrations and the Vedic culture.

[@betelgeusestudio_1369]

The Yamna people-R1b is the personified Vritra. The Battle Axe people-R1a is Indra. The Indra people pushed R1b people mostly westwards. It's the Rigvedic context of the case, I think

[@MaureenLycaon]

I'd also recommend David Reich's "Who We Are and How We Got Here", to check out the paleogenomics of the spread of Yamnaya genes.

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@betelgeusestudio_1369 yep people don't understand that their was great war between them , and vedic culture never influenced from yamanaya , from rigveda era term asur and danav is used for Anti devta ( vedic gods ) , asur is aesir and danav belong to danu ( Danube/ don river )

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@betelgeusestudio_1369 as winners written history , we are the only people recorded this history , even the term srbinda ( srbenda/Srija) mean deafeater in rigveda ( but term proudly used by Serbians ) it is more likely vedic people influenced the north asia and European culture not yamanaya

[@jackbroughton1431]

Very nice video, maybe you could do one on Steppe Maykop and Vonyuchka/Progress, or perhaps Fatyanovo-Balanovo, and their replacement of the Volosovo and Lyalovo cultures, located in present day European Russia? One of the Volosovo samples (BER001) had Y-DNA haplogroup Q1b-L54>pre-L804. This probably explains why Q1 is widespread throughout Europe (though at very low levels), it was originally an EHG lineage spread by the Indo-Europeans, like R1b-M269, R1b-V1636, R1a-M198, J1a-Y136727, and I2a-L701. Q1a-M25/Q1a-M25>YP1669 and Q1a-F746* were discovered in males from Eneolithic Khvalynsk, while Q1b-Y2700* was found in a Mesolithic male from present day Latvia. And lastly, Q1b-Z5902>FT380500 appeared in three Afanasievo males and one early Bohemia Corded Ware male.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I appreciate it. Sounds like you know more about this than I do but actually I will make a video about the Maykop because my story the Wolf God takes place when men of the steppe go south into the Caucasus in about 3000 BC. It's a fantasy story but that's when it's set. I might also make a video on the Sredny Stog and the possible early migrations into Europe that start forming the Corded Ware. And yeah for sure I will be making videos on the Fatyanovo and the later migrations east across the steppe because that's where the book series will end up. But that won't be for quite a while yet.

[@jackbroughton1431]

@@DanDavisHistory Very cool, I wish you all the best with your work, this is the stuff books, movies, and video games should be made about. This is how strong societies raise their young people, with the adventurous tales of their ancestors. We need more 21st century Byrons, Kiplings, and Robert E. Howards, authors such as yourself.

[@DanDavisHistory]

That's very kind of you, thank you.

[@rodburket4582]

I am R1b-M269. I would be interested in other information you have on this group.

[@dcuano3074]

You had mentioned that yamnaya introduced chariots and carts to India and further east. But both bullock carts( possibly non horse driven chariot) were already part of Harappan culture.

[@Tenisinspector8341]

@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 why will KZbin delete your comment? Go ahead post your link, I would really love to read it. The only evidence of a chariot was found in Sinauli in UP, but it wasn’t a spoked wheel one.

[@maxmatthews2463]

So many comments confusing linguistics and archeology. Cool vid.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@annamosier1950]

wow good

[@ThursonJames]

4:24 does anyone know why #4 says “‘Yamnaya’ Beakers reach Iberia” while pointing to Calais?

[@raccoonresident5760]

Ok ! Evenin Britain! Everyone Mosh Yamna! Rock out!

[@TheAIishere]

You mention the kurgans, corded ware people, or battle axe people... Are they related? As for whether they came as raiders is more than the absence of artifacts of locals after their arrival, it is the sudden construction of hill forts across europe at the same time that their artifacts become present. That would indicate to me that they were much more war like than the local europeans at that time.

[@DanDavisHistory]

The Yamnaya are possibly ancestral to the Corded Ware. Or the Sredny Stog people are ancestral to both, it's not completely clear yet. And the Corded Ware have local variants like the Single Grave culture and the Battle Axe culture. The timescales of the fortifications don't always line up with the probable dates of expansion in all areas. Personally I think it's likely the steppe herders did impose themselves on the settled peoples through raids - watch my vid on the Koryos where I talk about the process. But archeologist Robert Drews thinks the military dominance only emerged later, and the steppe dominated through economic competition only. Drews studies military prehistory so he's not a shrinking violet type. I think there were a range of interactions but mostly it was through raiding activities.

[@Dalmenco]

Do a video of the Proto Semites?

[@DanDavisHistory]

I'm interested in the topic but I don't know anything about it I'm afraid. I will learn eventually so maybe one day.

[@messianic_scam]

@@DanDavisHistory yamnya were semitic I have the prove by the semitc were white race didn't these people came from ukraine and Russia?! then why the ancient towns there have semitic names?! oman in ukraine?! teman?! also there is ancient town in russia tyman = teman ironically there is river there called torah!! ancient semitic existence in Russia is uncanny

[@sarcasmo57]

Would love to see how they lived.

[@CD-vg4hl]

Where the does the haplogroup R2 come from?

[@padraigmcgrath3876]

I remember seeing something before which maintained that, while the Yamnaya bred and ate horses, and definitely used wagons, they didn't fully domesticate large numbers of horses, as in the Yamnaya culture, horses were used more for food than for transport, and that the use of horses in warfare was only in its embryonic stage. Is this correct? Apparently, all the words related to wagons and wheels in other neighbouring Eurasian languages are cognates after the Yamnaya period, which is the strongest evidence that the Yamnaya are the originators of the PIE language.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Have you seen the horse domestication video on this channel? kzbin.info/www/bejne/d36roqNmgpWHarM There is another argument that it was the Maykop who developed wagons and who originated the PIE language. I don't think it's right but it might be.

[@padraigmcgrath3876]

@@DanDavisHistory Thanks for the link, Dan. Will watch....

[@wrestlingnewzealand6850]

yep it is reality some people hate to admit

[@nagihangot6133]

Actually Europeans claim it as their own a whole lot more than native americans claim being conquistadors.

[@SithStudy]

@@nagihangot6133 The Yamnaya themselves descend from eastern European hunter gather stock... so yeah, they were also Europeans much like the people west of them whom they invaded.

[@sun27g]

Hi …Can you shed some light on Yaghnobi people and their culture…thanks 🙏🏼

[@jonathanhensley6141]

Dna testing shows the yamnaya and Iranian nomads traveled to Southern India and eventually mixed with the South East Asians. They traveled far and wide. I also read how they came Into Europe removing the Neolithic farmers and taking the women as wives which gave way each new culture that followed them.

[@crypticreality8484]

48% Farmer, 40% Hunter Gatherer, 12% Metal Age Invader Y DNA: R1b P312 MTDNA: K1a1b

[@thefisherking78]

That antelope face though 😳

[@larrywave]

What Amaranth was cultivated ?

[@MarcosElMalo2]

I’ve been loving your channel and your sharing of your research into the Bronze Age. Thank you so much! I do have an off topic question for you before I sign up for your email list. What do you do with the email addresses you collect? I’ve given out my email address in the past, only to find that my address is getting sold. I unsubscribe from all the unwanted spam, and I get even more from companies I’ve never heard of. Thanks!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, glad you're enjoying the channel. I'd never sell anyone's email address. I email about new book releases, new editions, and sometimes sales and discounts. Usually it's less than one email per month but rarely schedules coincide so it's perhaps up to two in a month.

[@user-pt3ur9uh4c]

u should have put recent facial reconstruction of yamana people

[@jessikamoore5033]

Just found out I have Yamnaya dna!

[@antinoofromgreece6560]

Interesting. It is a very useful video, the most complete and summarized that I've found. So, Yamnaya people probably assimilated the pre Indo European people but I'm trying to answer a question. Were the pre Indo European people assimilated into some lower class? Because some researchers claims that they formed the elite power in Europe during many centuries, but as I know most of them were male that migrated into Europe and intermingled, so they didn't exclude the ancient farmers, it was completely the opposite.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah it's a great question. They had children with the local women and inheritance was patrilineal. This society also had slaves and was hierarchical. But to what extent was it an ethnic distinction between the ruling class and everyone else? I don't know if it has been studied in the genetics. What is seen in later times is that farmstead grave sites feature a continuous line of father to son descent over generations, women coming from elsewhere every generation to be their wives, and separate burials of lower status non-family members - the servant and slave class. I would love to see genetic analyses of these on ethnic grounds, I don't know if it's been done. I would guess the entire society was of mixed ancestry, though I don't know.

[@kweejibodali7009]

dear Dan, thank you for the concise informative documentary delivered in a pleasant voice.. I am coming across the Yamnaya in a lot of historical docs, in different videos, one featuring ancestors of indo europeans and one searching for basque ancestors, which is confusing to me as the basque were not supposed to be indo european, maybe different off shoots of yamnaya ancestors ? at any rate, since, there not a lot of seafarers quite that early, it makes sense that european ancestors moved quickly by horseback. at any rate, i will look out for more of your vids, that was great.

[@xen4886]

I don't think they have the Basque puzzle figured out yet. It might be the last surviving original Iberian language...but then again, where did that original language come from. There are topographical indicators that seems to show some sort of movement from the south because there are some toponyms that resemble Basque. Interestingly, to indicate you are from somewhere in Basque, you add the suffix -ko to the place: Donostiarrako...from San Sebastian. Apparently, the same occurs in the Georgian language from the Caucasus. Too specific to be a coincidence. Think of the late Soviet leader ChernenKO...its semantics might have been altered a bit, but the idea is the same: To be from or of something. Food for thought.

[@MaureenLycaon]

The Basques are an interesting case. Their language is not Indo-European, of course. So paleogenomists fully expected that their genetics would be entirely European First Farmers, with no Yamnaya admixture. They were wrong. We now know that -- like everybody else in Europe -- the Basques have quite a bit of Yamnayan ancestry. Their best guess is that Basques somehow preserved their language even as they lost their distinct genetics. Part of the reason might be that Basque culture is partly matriarchal -- property (and maybe language?) is inherited through the mother, not the father. There's a research paper, "Evolution: On the origin of Basques", that tells about this discovery.

[@jackholloway1]

Heavy dairy diet + lack of lactase persistence, can't have been a pleasant combination lol

[@DanDavisHistory]

Ha yeah, well you're okay to eat butter and cheese and you can drink milk anyway even if you can't digest the sugars, there's still protein and fat available for nutrients and calories. Not all lactose intolerance is to the same degree. You can be lactose intolerant and yet not have any symptoms or you can be someone who gets terrible guts after a glass of milk. It seems as though milk was important to them culturally so it's likely they could still drink it without getting unwell. The main reason I bring it up here is because I've seen theories that the Yamnaya developed lactase persistence and that's one reason they were successful and that's why European people have it today. But newer research shows that it wasn't that common this early and it developed later, maybe in the Corded Ware culture or even later than that.

[@Thulesmann]

@@DanDavisHistory Also you can drink kefir if you're lactose intolerant.

[@seaxofbeleg8082]

@@DanDavisHistory 23andMe predicts that both my mother and I test for lactose intolerance with a high degree of probability. And we are both okay with consuming dairy products.

[@XortiXz]

@@seaxofbeleg8082 yeah but those tests are not always accurate either

[@paulohagan3309]

​@ben morton Can modern immune systems handle raw milk? Party time for brucellosis maybe ...

[@manh9105]

how did you make this inference of "Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Pontic steppe" when researchers are yet to arrive at any conclusion.

[@copperhead3703]

When your raiding on horseback and they hit you with that dollar store defense

[@oneshot2028]

Yamnaya looked more European according to Survive the Jive.

[@DanDavisHistory]

More European than what?

[@nagihangot6133]

His racialist ilk claim everything in history as "European". Don't believe the hype or the neo-nazis.

[@oneshot2028]

@@DanDavisHistory Like more European looking than say Turkic looking.

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@oneshot2028 well morden day research ( happened in 2019 ) says that yamanaya may had being wiped out Neolithic male population and they mix wiyh Neolithic woman and man were yamanaya

[@greaterbharat4175]

@@oneshot2028 so morden day European facial features is mix of those two Ethnicity , yamanaya did not looked like morden European ( atleast pure yamanaya )

[@josephmalenab7866]

hi in the usa where can I get your books ?

[@DanDavisHistory]

Hi Joseph. Here is a link to Godborn on Amazon: www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08BJD2CGQ/

[@dreddykrugernew]

Can you do a video on the Cro Magnons and The Book of Enoch and the Nephilim and how the Cro Magnons had no Neanderthal DNA despite living in Europe for at least 30,000 years and is the story of the Nephilim talking about the interactions between these 2 very different people at the end of the Pleistocene. We dont know where they came from, how they evolved into who they where and very little is published about them, they seem to be glossed over with no one really doing a deep dive into what these people where about and ultimately what happened to them. Also are they being talked about by Plato when describing Atlantis as the story of the Nephilim and the people of Atlantis seem to be very similar, they where looked upon as gods who fornicated with man which ultimately led to their demise, how is it possible for them to have no interaction for 30,000 years with people with Neanderthal DNA id love to hear a theory of how this can be explained...

[@Connor6569]

They didn't like manlets

[@franzreiche5433]

I-1 also comes from the Yamnaya expansion in case anyone was fretting haha

[@kactus_3008]

In my country was a more complex situation. First of all, Yamnaia people met probably the most advanced eneolithic and chalcolithic civilization in Europe ever. They mixed with the locals, nevertheless, but, curiously enough, they seemed to prefere the high tops of the plains and hills where they practice, till the present days, transhumance...

[@DanDavisHistory]

Check out my video on the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture. I will make another focusing on just the interactions between these groups around the end of that period as it's very interesting.

[@kactus_3008]

@@DanDavisHistory I will, keep up this tedious work!👏👍

[@theisheep2676]

Lol. Yamnaya were not a civilisation, they were a tribal culture

[@kactus_3008]

@@theisheep2676 "Yamnaya Horizon, Yamna culture, Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, ..."

[@14HristoYavuzov88]

Our Forebears...

[@nagihangot6133]

Your ancestor's reiy-pist and slave-master 😂😂😂😂 Proud of that?

[@dekenlst]

@@nagihangot6133 Yes. Very proud 💪 😊

[@raa4975]

​​@@nagihangot6133 you're ancestors were losers and victims are you proud of that? 😂😂😂😂

[@MustafaAli-lb8dq]

Turkey makes a lot sense for yamnaya since there is a hint mentioned in Bible and Quran that the Noah's ark stopped at a mountain which is located in Turkey or around Turkey. Although normally, I seperate religion from history but sometimes you need a hint to understand.

[@TheSandkastenverbot]

In some instances the stories in the bible are based on stuff that actually happened. The bible is a valuable (though of course not very reliable) source for historians

[@human8454]

The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,” Reich told New Scientist Live in September. This supports Kristiansen’s view of the Yamnaya and their descendants as an almost unimaginably violent people. Indeed, he is about to publish a paper in which he argues that they were responsible for the genocide of Neolithic Europe’s men. “It’s the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived,”

[@blondbomber_13]

Could’ve mentioned the maternal haplogroup as well.

[@ReviveHF]

The birthplace of Proto Indo European language is in modern day western part of Russia and Ukraine(Yamnaya Culture), that means the land that gave birth to Proto Indo European language is now a warzone. Hope that the Russo Ukrainian War ends.

[@roman-zq9zn]

Russians are not Slavs, but Finno-Ugric, and Ukrainians are Slavs, unfortunately in Europe most do not know this

[@eddycoronado8381]

👍

[@reuvenpolonskiy2544]

Nation of gigachads

[@sharonhoerr6523]

Can we appreciate the irony of the nonliterate Yamnaya spreading their Indo-European language nearly 5,000 to 6,000 miles from west to east just because they had horses and wheels? Even the Uighurs in northwestern china are related as are all Europeans. They tended to wipeout the Neolithic male DNA wherever they went.

[@azizyigido]

R and Q is Siberian Altaic Turkic dna😂R1A and R1B is not pure european s blood,Altaic mixed 🤣Uyghur Turkic are Q haplogoup,like Native american amazonian people,tocharian are Turkic(Uyghur)mixed🔊

[@pandoraeeris7860]

I've decided when people ask me where I'm from, I'm going to answer, "Yamnaya".

[@chandrajitkarmakar2333]

I am from India and I am very curious about the Indo-European cultures.

[@holyemperor5221]

Almost nailed the appearance except for the blue eyes and the blonde hair bro

[@IndivisibleByZero]

Tocharians had blond hair and blue eyes.

[@holyemperor5221]

@@IndivisibleByZero yes them too

[@user-p6-3561]

2:58 insane skull. they did something right

[@darkg5103]

Glory to yamnaya

[@Flat_Earth_Addy]

Better to burn out, than to fade away!

[@johanisnotagamer]

This narrator sounds exactly like me. Not even kidding.

[@user-wm1po6to3j]

I was born in the middle of yamnaya culture))))) on Donbass. So, they left my many "pra-" ancestors "home alone".

[@bjarkiengelsson]

Hey, fellow steppe-herder. Have you been alright since things kicked off over there?