2023 International Mission to Mars: Engineering Design Competition - Trudi Hoogenboom

This is part of the two weeks of lectures for the six-week International Mission to Mars: Engineering Design Competition.

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At 1:10 there is a reference to "I see satellites" in the transcript. Is that a reference to IC satellites, "Icy satellites" or something else? 2023 International Mission to Mars: Engineering Design Competition - Trudi Hoogenboom, planetary scientist Trudi Hoogenboom - Planetary Science and Comparative Planetology (0:16 - 42:51) Joey Palmowski - the RedWater Mining System for Mars (43:43 - 1:28:57) + dust storm electrical insulation cameo (38:45 - 39:50) Total length: 1:29:27 Trudi Hoogenboom, planetary scientist Planetary Science and Comparative Planetology Introduction 0:02 First speaker: introduction of Trudi Hoogenboom, planetary scientist Trudi Hoogenboom is going to talk about Comparative Planetology 0:16 Second Speaker: Trudi Hoogenboom Give me background information! Trudi Hoogenboom 0:22 What type of scientist is Trudi Hoogenboom? 0:22 What is Trudi Hoogenboom’s scientific occupation? 0:35 What do planetary scientists study? 1:10 What does a planetary scientist know a lot about? 1:18 What do planetary scientists do? 0:29 What is the career of a planetary scientist like? 2:50 2:57 3:03 What is something really cool about being a planetary scientist? 4:48 4:55 Is a career as a planetary scientist a really cool thing to do? 4:36 What do planetary scientists do that is part of protecting Earth from collision with asteroids? 4:36 Do planetary scientists track asteroids that could be a hazard for Earth? 4:39 4:41 Who makes the first maps of places in the solar system? 4:43 Who gets to be the first to see places [in space] before any other humans? 2:57 3:03 Who gets to have a say on the location of Moon and planetary body landing sites or who chooses the landing sites for Moon and Mars missions? 2:57 3:03 Who has the most say in the choosing of a landing site on Mars? 2:57 3:03 Who chooses landing sites for Mars Missions? 4:14 4:22 4:31 What is something planetary scientists can look forward to in the next 10 - 20 years? ?? Should mention be made of landings on Venus and asteroids?? Planetary Science 0:35 What is planetary science? 0:35 What do planetary scientists study? 0:48 1:00 Do planetary scientists study black holes and stars? 0:48, 1:00 Do planetary scientists know a lot about black holes? 0:48, 1:00 What do astrophysicists study? 1:10 What does a planetary scientist know a lot about? ???? I see satellites? or IC satellites? What is an IC Satellite? Icy satellites? Is the definition ever given? 1:18 What do planetary scientists do? 4:36 4:41 What are some more things that planetary scientists do? Data Collection 1:29 What type of data is collected for use by planetary scientists? 1:42 Why is data collected for planetary scientists? 1:23 1:29 How is data collected that is to be used by planetary scientists? 1:29 In the past, who was largely responsible for sending satellite instrumentation into space to collect data to be used by planetary scientists? 1:45 In addition to satellite missions, what other ways of collecting data have been used? Developments in space technology National space agencies and commercial space companies 1:58 2:25 What’s exciting for planetary scientists about the last 5 to 10 years? 2:06 transcription error: “jackson” should be JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - JAXA) 2:06 2:17 What other countries besides the United States of America have their own space agency? ?? Any scientific reason not to include mention of the State Space Corporation, ROSCOSMOS of the Russian Federation ?? 2:25 What commercial space companies are developing technology, in addition to national space agencies, with the aim of eventually having people on the Moon and Mars and spacecraft operating outside of our solar system? 4:14 4:22 What is really cool about commercial space companies finding new ways to land spacecraft safely? Landing Sites and Planetary scientists 3:03 3:11 Did planetary scientists have a say in the choice of NASA Apollo mission landing sites on the moon? 3:17 Did planetary scientists have a say in the choice of landing sites for lunar rovers and Mars Exploration Rovers? What should be avoided when choosing a landing site? 3:22 What is the choice of a landing site based on? 3:29 3:35 3:55 What do you NOT want to do when choosing a landing site? 3:30 How costly are Lunar Rover and Mars Rover space missions? 3:46 What kinds of things have been landed on the moon and other planetary bodies like Mars? 3:40 3:46 3:51 What is a common feature of landing sites chosen by planetary scientists? 3:55 Why do planetary scientists choose flat landing sites? 3:55 3:56 What probability is minimized by choosing to land on a flat landing site? 4:00 What is the problem with always choosing a flat landing site? 4:01 What rock type is usually associated with a flat landing site? 4:15 transcription error: “baffled” should be “basalt” 4:14 4:22 What is really cool about commercial space companies finding new ways to land spacecraft safely? 4:22 4:31 What is something planetary scientists can look forward to in the next 10 - 20 years? 41:16 As an expert in comparative planetology, what are your top three landing sites for unmanned Mission to Mars? 41:57 42:33 42:39 Harmful radiation and the location of magnetic field bubbles on Mars Planetary Scientist 4:36 4:41 What are some more things that planetary scientists do? 4:36 Who tracks asteroids that could be a hazard for Earth? 4:36 Do planetary scientists track asteroids that could be a hazard for Earth? 4:43 Who gets to be the first to see places [in space] before any other humans? 4:48 4:55 If I’m interested in planets and space should I consider a career as a planetary scientist? 4:48 4:55 Is a career as a planetary scientist a really cool thing to do? Comparative Planetology 4:55 What is the topic of this video that will be talked about? 5:09 What is Comparative Planetology? 5:09 5:21 6:01 What is cool about Comparative Planetology? 5:26 What is the source of the powerpoint screen being shown? 5:26 5:33 What is Mars Match? 5:45 10:51 Why are we going to talk about comparative planetology? 5:45 10:51 What is the easiest way to learn about planets in the solar system and exoplanets [orbiting other stars]? 6:09 6:38 What is one of the most obvious features on Earth that happens to show up on other planets like Mars and moons as well? 6:38 What is one of the most obvious features on Earth that also happens to show up on Mars? 6:37 What did some of the first data from Mars show? 6:34 Does the size of the Antarctic ice cap vary? 6:34 What does the size of the Antarctic ice cap depend on? Ice Caps on Earth and Mars Comparative planetology of Ice Caps 6:09 6:38 What is one of the most obvious features on Earth that happens to show up on other planets like Mars and moons as well? 6:38 6:40 What is one of the most obvious features on Earth that also happens to show up on Mars? 6:37 6:40 What did some of the first data from Mars show? 6:46 Can planetary scientists identify things on other planets, moons and asteroids that are studied on Earth? 10:51 Why is it useful to gain a better understanding of how ice caps work on Earth? Advantage of nearness of Earth 6:47 What advantage is there to being able to study and collect data of something that is on Earth in Antarctica rather than on Mars? 6:47 Is studying a feature of Earth and collecting data on Earth easier or harder than studying something and collecting data about something on Mars? 6:47 6:53 [some uncertainty about exactly how much easier it is to study something on Earth compared to studying something on Mars - really easy, semi-easy, a little bit easier] Use of satellites to help study Earth/Antarctica 6:55 How do satellites help to study Antarctica? 7:03 Why does learning a lot about the Antarctic ice cap on Earth help planetary scientists better understand Mars? 7:11 Does Mars have polar ice caps? Composition of Ice Caps on Earth and Mars 7:18 7:26 What are the polar ice caps of Earth made of? 7:26 8:46 8:51 What are the polar ice caps of Mars made of? 7:30 7:57 Why do polar ice caps form on planets and moons in our solar system? 7:30 What is a high latitude region? [ what is a latitude?] 8:05 How is learning about polar ice caps on Earth a good example of a way to better understand planets we haven’t gone to? Size of Polar Ice Caps on Earth and Mars 8:15 How does the size of the Antarctic ice cap on Earth compare to the size of the north and south polar ice caps on Mars? 8:16 8:18 How large is the Antarctic ice cap? 8:18 How large are the polar ice caps on Mars? Seasonal Ice Cap Size variation 8:18 8:26 Are Martian ice caps seasonal? 8:18 8:26 Does the size of Martian ice caps change with the season, like on Earth? Hubble Space Telescope images, October 1996, January 1997, March 1997 How does the Hubble Space Telescope help planetary scientists study Mars? 8:51 8:58 What does “sublimate” mean? 9:03 How does the size of Martian polar ice caps vary from October to March? 9:03 Are all images of the Martian Polar Ice Caps the same? 9:03 recommendation if bored: Google images of Mars, Enceladus, Europa 9:03 What is something that a bored person interested in planetary science can do? NASA images and data publicly available so on lots of websites 9:03 Is it easy to find images of planetary bodies and moons? 9:19 Is the data NASA collects publicly available? 9:19 Why are there many websites with images and other data collected by NASA?

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Dust Storms 9:27 What does a Sahara dust storm on Earth look like from space? 11:54 Can you show me a dust storm on Mars? 9:30 9:38 What do dust storms do with dust particles? 9:38 9:44 Do we have large dust storms on Earth? 11:02 What is something to be sure to take account of when designing Engineering Missions to put people on Mars? 9:44 Are very large dust storms a problem on Earth? Polar Dust Storms on Mars 10:51 Why is gaining a better understanding of how ice caps and dust storms work on Earth useful? 11:05 Can dust storms on Mars cover the entire planet? 11:05 11:22 How large can dust storms on Mars be? 11:54 Can you show me a dust storm on Mars? 12:06 How much of a problem are dust storms? 12:06 12:13 12:19 12:26 What needs to be protected during a dust storm? 12:29 Are there other planetary bodies where dust is a problem? 12:29 What problem does lunar regolith cause for humans? 29:47 Do you know how they deal with the dust storms rather how they construct instruments to resist dust storms? 30:50 How fine is the dust on Mars? 27:41 28:54 29:00 30:32 31:56 How long can a dust storm on Mars last? How can electronic equipment on Mars be protected from dust storms? 37:35 Do you know what the best insulation material would be from the dust storms? Googleable WORK ON THIS SOME MORE What is the fastest and easiest way to grow your scientific knowledge? 28:02 - 29:00 [On making use of online information and Google] What is the fastest and easiest way to grow your scientific knowledge? Dust Devils 12:49 What does a dust devil look like on Earth and Mars? Sand Dunes 13:55 What are Barchan sand dunes and what do they look like? 14:31 15:00 What can Barchan sand dunes tell a planetary scientist about the Martian atmosphere? 15:35 What is something realy, really cool that can be learned about Mars just without going there with a rover or humans? 14:53 How does the Martian atmosphere comare to Earth’s atmosphere? Scale Bars 15:53 15:43 15:39 15:53 16:03 What is something very important to know and make sure to do and get others to do to better understand everything that is in the solar system? 16:07 What accidental mistake did Trudi make with her images? Craters [images of craters on Earth and on the Moon] 16:49 21:31 Can you show me some craters on Earth and Mars? 16:52 Are craters common in the solar system? 16:52 19:54 What are some planetary bodies and moons that have craters? 17:09 What does an impact crater look like on Earth? 17:21 What is a simple crater? 17:21 21:31 What does a simple crater look like? 17:21 What kind of craters look like a cereal bowl? 17:40 WHat kind of crater is Lowell Crater on Mars? 17:40 What does a complex crater look like? 17:43 What is an identifying feature of a complex crater? 18:14 How does the number of craters on Earth compare to the number of craters on other bodies in the solar system? 32:21 Do we have an estimation of the quantity of craters? Google it 18:24 What is something that happens on Earth that creates a problem for studying craters on Earth? 18:39 What is something that influences the rate of cratering and the size of craters on a planet or moon? 19:12 What is a famous crater on Earth in Arizona, U.S.A. that Trudi recommends visiting? 19:33 About how many large craters are there on Earth? 19:41 Why should a person of any age visit a large crater? 20:04 What is something very interesting about places in craters that are permanently shadowed? 20:04 20:31 Why are craters with places that are permanently shadowed exciting for moon and Mars explorers? 20:49 Are there ways to create craters and learn about them other than by meteor impact? 21:55 What does a primary crater look like? 22:00 What is a secondary crater? 22:23 What is a distinguishing feature of secondary craters? Google background information on Meteor Crater www.britannica.com/place/Meteor-Crater en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Crater meteorcrater.com/ 32:22 [transcript error: “creators” should be “craters”] 32:21 Do we have an estimation of the quantity of craters? Google it 40:03 What are the factors that differentiate a primary crater from a secondary crater? 35:04 [ “latitude” was said but “altitude” might have been meant] How did Mars get the highest latitude(?) mountains? Is there a specific reason or coincidence of nature? Evidence of water flow and the search for life River Deltas, Braided Streams 22:51 What do river deltas look like? 23:03 What causes river deltas on Earth and where do they occur? 23:13 What is a feature that can be seen in a river delta? 23:26 What is super exciting about finding river deltas and braided streams on Mars? 23:41 23:51 Why was Jezero crater on Mars chosen as a place to investigate with a rover? 24:12 What is really cool about evidence of water flow on Mars? Dendritic River Channels, River basin networks 24:59 What does a dendritic river channel look like? 24:59 Is there any evidence of a dendritic river channel or river basin network pattern on Mars I can see? Shield Volcanoes 26:14 What do pictures of shield volcanoes on Earth and Mars look like? 26:17 Where on Earth can I visit and see a shield volcano? 26:20 What are some distinguishing features of shield volcanoes? What is the fastest and easiest way to grow your scientific knowledge? QUESTIONS 27:09 27:47 31:56 How long can a dust storm on Mars last? 29:47 Do you know how they deal with the dust storms rather how they construct instruments to resist dust storms? 30:50 How fine is the dust on Mars? Where does the wind on Mars come from? Do we have an estimation of the quantity of craters? 37:35 39:23 39:30 Do you know what the best insulation material would be from the dust storms? Googleable 40:03 What are the factors that differentiate a primary crater from a secondary crater? 41:16 As an expert in comparative planetology, what are your top three landing sites for unmanned Mission to Mars? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Warnings, Things to Avoid, Problems Dust Storms 11:02 11:22 11:29 11:34 12:06 What is something to be sure to take account of when designing Engineering Missions to put people on Mars? 12:06 How much of a problem are dust storms? 12:06 12:13 12:19 12:26 What needs to be protected during a dust storm? 29:47 Do you know how they deal with the dust storms rather how they construct instruments to resist dust storms? Landing Sites 3:29 3:35 3:55 What do you NOT want to do when choosing a landing site? Scale Bars 15:39 15:53 16:03 What is something very important to know to better understand everything that is in the solar system? Tweet Prof. Feynman @ProfFeynman SCIENCE: If you don't make mistakes, you're doing it wrong. If you don't correct those mistakes, you're doing it really wrong. If you can't accept that you're mistaken, you're not doing it at all. - 10:51 PM · Jun 9, 2021 Do planetary scientists make mistakes? What accidental mistake did Trudi make? Did Trudi correct her mistake? What can you learn from Trudi’s accidental oversight about being a good planetary scientist?