Time Team S06E12 Nevis,Carribean,.part.1

[@BuildingCenter]

Mr. Albert is more physically capable and conversationally adept at 85 than I am at comsiderably less.

[@STRAYDTHABEAST]

i don't know if people in the UK know but ,there are alot of us Americans that love tony robinson, and the time team , def one of my favorite shows.

[@00BillyTorontoBill]

hehe thats Sir Tony Robinson now... (one of the few deserved honours handed out)

[@JamesSmith-fz7qk]

I’m one…

[@gorge5412]

Wow ! This is a really good one. I've seen about fifty TT episodes and prefer the prehistoric or at least Anglo-Saxon digs. But this episode is fabulous because there's so much documentary evidence (thank you, Mr. Robin), so many interesting finds, the challenge of the dense topography, the value of the sugar trade to the British economy at that time, AND the fact that it's a two-part episode. As if all of that is not enough (and it IS enough), in addition, Alexander Hamilton (U.S. founding father) was born on Nevis in 1755 or 1757. His father was from Scotland; his mother from Nevis. Alexander’s father left the family, and young Hamilton moved with his mother to St. Croix. When young Hamilton was around 11 years old, he took his first job. Shortly thereafter, his mother passed away, leaving Hamilton and his brother essentially orphaned. Alexander proved to be a valuable and enterprising employee as a clerk in St. Croix. He gained valuable life experience and impressed his employer. In August 1772 Hamilton wrote a letter to his father about a hurricane that struck Saint Croix. It was reprinted in a newspaper, the Royal Danish American Gazette. The locals were so impressed that they took up a collection to send Hamilton to a college in the British North American colonies. Ultimately, Hamilton attended Princeton, fought in the War of Independence, and went on to a distinguished political career. Finally, the recollections of an eyewitness really bring this episode alive for me: 85 years young Albert Powell (see time-mark ~ 20:32 as of 26 APR 22) provides both fascinating, articulate memories and also a model of physicality for all of us. Note: Part Two can be found (Apr/22) at the following web address: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rJfYkoCwm9Boqpo Viva TT, Nevis, and Mr. Albert Powell !

[@magdatorruellas9122]

Whereas I love all the folks on the team... I think my fav are the artist themselves...their imagination of drawing scenes where there is not a thing to go on is just fantastic!

[@ndotgw]

Stewart is great, to begin with, but I love him in Indiana Jones mode! He's really into what he does and brings/brought wonderful insight to the series.

[@00BillyTorontoBill]

So true. had to laugh when I heard he's spent 2 yrs mapping sugar plantations in the carribean..lol. The hat mustve been in a glass case and he hauled it out for 'pirate mode'

[@dr.douglaswilde1155]

@@00BillyTorontoBill Now Professor Stewart Ainswoth.

[@P0GFLIPPER]

Omg!!.. 😂..he does look like Indiana Jones!!! 😂

[@bethbartlett5692]

My fav!

[@MosBikeShop]

I came looking for this comment 🤠

[@enyabroc1624]

The rolling machine was what roadside market juice sellers used, and still do. The juice can be fruit or sugar cane. This series is amazing. Cheers!

[@knittielynnie]

We used to drink sugar cane juice growing up in Brazil. The best drink, mashed fresh and served chilled, on a hot day!

[@bethbartlett5692]

Mick was a really good Manager/Director, "his listening to the Professionals prior to making his final decisions is a trait of those whom have a steady self confidence, and confidence in those he employed to use their education and experience towards a projects goals and ultimately a most successful dig. Rule #1 Managers whom I experience the greater successes are those whom Motivate and establish mutual respect among their employees. (Management by fear is the sign of an insecure Manager and one that will create more issues than resolve and achieve far less than desired, they would need to be redirected and if they can't adapt to a mature minded sense of Management, they would need to be released from duties.) Mick was clearly a balanced individual, comfortable in his own skin. May he be blessed with abundant positive energies as he soars with the Stars. ❤

[@Chubachus]

I love how excited Phil gets when he mentions you can make rum with it.

[@WyattRyeSway]

Chubachus.....Phil does love his booze!

[@donnal.oglesby4806]

So proud to say that since finding this show, and the Time team, and supporting it as most of them are back:-) for new digs soon. This Episode was so interesting, and knowing that I started this very late at night, there is no way I can watch both of them, and will have to sadly stop now and get a bit of sleep, before coming back and watching part 2 of all this.

[@christosvoskresye]

A little of this is actually nostalgic for me. When I was a child in north Florida, my grandparents, along with my parents and all my aunts and uncles, used to harvest sugar cane, squeeze it, and boil it down to cane syrup. Bits of it that caramelized on the side of large cast iron cauldron were given to us kids as candy. Sadly, about the time my grandparents became to frail to direct this any more, the family began to disperse. It takes a LOT of effort to make syrup. The jungle (probably the best word for it, regardless of what some might say) has retaken my granddad's garden, along with the grinder, both of which belong to an uncle who lives in Georgia. My dad has the cauldron, which thieves had pried loose, and it lies rusting in his back yard.

[@ronbrouesse3949]

Kiuv vvvvk75

[@RUfrikkinkiddinME]

I went to an old fashioned cane smash and boil a few years ago on Thanksgiving here in Georgia. Some friends grandparents did it at their house every year, had the old press and brick boiling cauldron that must've been over 100 years old in the back of the farmhouse next to the cane field. It was very cool to see it done, the same way for hundreds of years. I took a bottle of cane syrup as a souvenir. As a Yankee, I prefer maple syrup but still an enjoyable holiday all around.

[@MosBikeShop]

Victor making a drawing of the pipe so that it can be sent out for evaluation by experts is another example of the technology change. You couldn't just email 16 megapixel HDR images back then. Faxes may have been the quickest response time.

[@BoredCertified]

As soon as I'd see one of those big friggin' spiders I'd be hauling ass back to the hotel!

[@Spartan265]

I'd be on the plane back home. Whole lotta nope for me.

[@crhindes]

Absolutely the best show! The whole team is perfect and Sir Tony Robinson does an excellent job bringing it all together! I am signing up for the Patreon

[@WyattRyeSway]

I love Nevis and St Kitts. I used to live on St Maarten. Love the Caribbean!

[@meredyddcooper5975]

I lived briefly in St Kitts, the island just to the north of Nevis. On the occasional 3 day weekend, travel to Nevis by ferry and brief exploration of the island made for a wonderful day trip. I miss the area very much!

[@aimeebrass5266]

Phil-"Is it poisonous???"...."This one? No, No, it isn't.".....Phil-"Then why are you treating it with so much respect." ROFL!!!! 8:32

[@randomname766]

he said this one? yeah! Not no. It was a poisonous one you goof!

[@gypsysnickerdoodle4354]

because they still jab you with nasty fangs

[@WyattRyeSway]

I have such arachnophobia, just watching it caused me to hold my breath.

[@amandaloriananimals9065]

He was right, it isn't poisonous technically. Poisoning implies that if you ingest it that you will be poisoned. The correct term would be venomous, and yea it is venomous. Lol. It's a new world tarantula, if I had to take a guess at the species id say it was aphonopelma but I can't tell accurately because of the resolution of the video. Im a tarantula breeder. I hope they checked to make sure that there wasn't an egg sac cuz that looked like a gravid female.

[@shri081]

If everyone had the generosity that Mr Albert displayed here…the world would definitely be a better place…and damn I must say….no way he looks 85…in his early 70’s maybe…that clean Nevis air maybe had a part to play in it…

[@mch12311969]

This was one of the most memorable episode from when I first learned about Time Team years ago.

[@nickking8994]

If I am honest after the first spider sighting I would have changed to pants and boots. Here in Virginia we never head out to the brush without those items.

[@SusanPetty73]

I spent some time on the island of Nevis working on a geothermal power project. The island itself is a volcano poking up through the Caribbean Sea from the sea floor. The lesser Antilles that Nevis is part of are the island arc of volcanoes of a subduction zone the movement of which causes the frequent earthquakes. I can attest to the speed with which the jungle consumes any cleared land. We could barely see the leveled area where a geothermal test well had been drilled so that we could find out if the well was still there.

[@David-fm6go]

Phil's excitement over the rum is superb and completely expected. This was often presented as the triangle trade in schools but I think recently that has fallen out of favor. Probably for the best since to adequately encompass the trade network you need a square shape to touch Great Britain, the West African Coast, The Caribbean and the Atlantic Seaports. There was also more goods being shipped in both directions then the main product line depicted but that was of course, taking silver or gold from GB or finished goods and trading them for slaves in West Africa, which would then be sold in the Sugar islands, where they would then purchase molasses and carry it to Boston or Britain but if Boston they would sell it and buy finished Rum to sell in Britain. There were other trades of course as timber, naval supplies and food products would be shipped from the 13 colonies to the sugar plantations and finished goods would be shipped from Britain directly to the Caribbean, such as the pottery and porcelain they are uncovering. Tony was right to say these colonies were the wealthiest in the empire in the 18th century.

[@NoYouAreNotDreaming]

thank you for upload...i love timeteam...i watch it daily on Viasat History....great show...interesting

[@zipbangcrash]

Time Team AND tarantulas???? I have found my favorite internet video of all time! 😍😍😍

[@talamioros]

Speaking as a Southeast Asian, where iced sugarcane juice is the perfect street beverage on a hot tropical day (many drinks stalls in hawker centres have a sugar cane crusher for this purpose), I felt Asian dismay at Phil squeezing all that delicious refreshing sweet juice from the cane and not trying it at all.

[@Samuijazz]

I get sugar cane juice streets-side on my Thailand island, and I boil it down to molasses to make Boston Brown Bread. Can’t always get molasses at the health food stores here but you can get a 2 L soda bottle of raw juice for pennies. So nice to see Them trying it there on their Nevis escape.

[@Cosmoline]

They are still spoken of in legend on Nevis.

[@jonathaneffemey944]

Thanks for posting

[@besanit]

This series is great, even more because you can do some video-archaeology yourself, no laptops, no cell phones, free talk about alcohol, bu no smoking. You can guess the year it was made from just that if the clothes and hairdos are not enough

[@OstblockLatina]

Pinney didn't treat his slaves as bad as some other plantators would not because of humanitarian sentiment, but because he wanted to keep them in a good physical shape to serve him for as long and good as possible and generate good profits. He looked at them just like a good farmer looks at his livestock. In fact, in his inventories he recounted his slaves alongside with the cattle. Healthy strong slaves costed a lot and it would do him no favor if they kept falling like flies due to starvation and brutality. It was purely business and he was a businessman. He was a self made man of no aristocratic background who wouldn't ever achieve anything if he kept wasting his resources.

[@CanChikMay]

Love this two parter!

[@fourtails1192]

I have literally thousands of those blue porcelain pieces which iv found on my walks in Malta. All of them were found in fields and even small patches of soil on roundabouts and most of them are hand painted.

[@RocLobo358]

As a FL person, I want all of these guys to be wearing UV attire

[@annk.8750]

I'm seriously impressed by Indiana Ainsworth and his machete.

[@patriciaheil6811]

I haven't had any rum since college because it always makes my knees go week. Talk about pub crawling!!!!

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

I know a bit about college drinking and I assure you if you add A bit of adult prudence restricting your consumption to an amount which WON'T cause weak knees you'll be OK.

[@vickireynolds4055]

I'm with Phil if that 8-legged thing is big enough to saddle, send it back to Asgard!! I want it nowhere near me!!

[@Urlocallordandsavior]

So much for John in this episode appearing just about right at the end.

[@bl5752]

The idea of a "good plantation owner" is a oxymoron. These people actively chose to own other humans and use their labour for their profit.

[@mangela9517]

You can not look at the past with todays eyes nor judge by todays standars. Pini was a good man and plantation owner and I bet that he cared for his people more then MANY millionaires, billionaires and politicians do today. Also, at that same time, apart from Americas, slavery was very alive and well troughout Africa and Asia, Balkan people in Europe were inslaved by Turks and peasants in Prusia, Rusia. Not to mention that women of Earth had absolutely no rights whatsoever. So I salute those like Pini, who was better than most men of his time and would have be better that most of our time. Edit: I just realised that this was not begining of the XIXc but middle of the XVIII, before the french and american revolutions, meaning that everywhere in the world average people had no rights and Aristocrats could treat them however they wanted and do to them whatever they wanted

[@DavidSmith-yx7kn]

Nevis part 1 & 2 in my top 5 favorite shows. Colonization and killing hand in hand sad and true. How many of the former slaves still have family on the island? Stories handed down?

[@randomname766]

the part with albert was so wholesome

[@Bowie_E]

I've never seen this one!! 🤗

[@blaggercoyote]

Shows how good a life in the sun is for you. I`d have put Albert at no more than his early 70s.

[@davegesell5470]

End of day 1 = water. End of day 3 = overproof rum.

[@jenniferholden9397]

Was that Pinney the elder or younger?

[@Andvare]

The Younger, obviously. The Elder died during a volcano eruption, and it was the Younger that was obsessed with writing. ;)

[@RebeccaFarquharson]

The best bit is seeing how sugar is made. Before watching this video I always wondered how sugar was processes from cane.

[@Gothlite-i1l]

OMG, poor Stewie! Just a disembodied voice in the jungle, without even a camera person. Did they all have colds or allergies?

[@spacewater7]

Welcome to the iron age Phil Harding at 19 minutes. 'Oh it's so sharp!'

[@deborahparham3783]

How do I find the second half of this episode? I can't find it anywhere.

[@cturner7050]

S06E13

[@deborahparham3783]

@@cturner7050 Thank you very much. Being rather technologically impaired as I am, I appreciate your very kind assistance.

[@amandajones1321]

Canadas too love the show

[@PaulMahon-w2b]

Funny fly the crew halfway across the globe,they get another 3 days😅

[@mattcook7881]

The first line should have maybe been, "primarily because of slavery". I don't imagine anyone would have made much money from the sugar without their slaves.

[@theeddorian]

The point was made in the introduction. The "Triangle Trade" is well documented.

[@00BillyTorontoBill]

Wouldnt have made any money. They said ...the carribean was 50%+ production of wealth of the british empire in 1800. Thats a massive amount right. so if you had to pay labour cutting sugar cane...whew. Plus, you run the gauntlet of hurricane season and price fluctuations. Between slavery and penal colonies....I wonder when the 50% was the other way...India was what...hmm.

[@aprilhughes8697]

Stuart is channeling his inner Harrison Ford

[@artemismoon1083]

I can't imagine how they handled that tropical heat.

[@richardphillips6281]

It's hard for a short stay like this programme but if you live somewhere like this you learn to slow down and drink plenty of water as well as applying anti mosquito cream and wearing a hat. I live in the sub tropical Philippines and feel chilly at this time of year but still wear shorts and t-shirt.

[@mikeburgess944]

Imagine life for the slaves.

[@willowscarclan]

Here on Martin Luther King day 2020.

[@dcbsmt]

The slavery issue really could've been handled better. Working in a sugar press was back breaking work. Slaves's hands would regularly get caught in the presses. Knives were kept onsite to do on the spot amputations. It was hot. They had to work fast because the sap from the canes would go off so quickly. Slaves on sugar plantations rarely lived past 30. So, no matter if Pinney was shocked when seeing human flesh for sale, he still bought it. For my taste, the whole team is way too casual about it all.

[@snazzypazzy]

This is season 6, so would have been about the year 2000. I think it mostly reflects how the issue of slavery was discussed back in the day. I'm not saying it couldn't have been better, but I think in mostly shows how much things have changed in the last 20 years.

[@dancingwithnature5303]

Mate, all slavery is a "nasty piece of work".

[@tadams4770]

So you thought you could dig through the jungle did you send an advance team or was this done in winter in England!😀😀😀

[@fredgrove4220]

The guy in the white cap at 10.00 looks a lot like Nigel Mansell.

[@tasatort9778]

Love "Mic - the - Look"

[@uw1955]

Yes, these hot pants are more than disturbing, they don't fit him at all. And because of the "kind slave owner" . . . You must not think like an nowadays but as one of those gone times. And if it is said that one of them is a kind slave owner, I shurely can agree with that.

[@lorraineliggera4229]

ALEXANDER HAMILTON!!!! The main reason I know about Nieves.

[@Winterline13]

Know what else you can use molasses for? Homemade granola. (See 39:10)

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

Such a waste of Good ingredients for rum.

[@meemurthelemur4811]

Or any other of dozens of baking items. It strikes me odd that he was surprised whe he was told it wasn't wasted. Don't people in Britain know what molasses is?

[@livefreeordie13]

girl HELPPP I know I did not just hear that man say that the owner was a "better plantation owner" to his SLAVES 😂😂😂😂 please lord

[@billie-jobenway8658]

I just now started watching a video that begins by talking about Pinney and the guy he sold the plantation to next, Huggins. According to this video Pinney was reluctant to sell to him because he was so harsh with slaves. So I guess 'better plantation owner' actually means less harsh since even here on Time Team they point out he had a jail so he was no hero. kzbin.info/www/bejne/i5LWZZt9e715kK8

[@nickrich56]

... as if Phil didn't know that sugarcane made rum..... bollocks.

[@davidfreed7261]

how do you guy's figure all this out.

[@maeve4686]

After Tony stated that a resort was to be built at the Pinney estate, I used my Earth app & looked at the island. There are modern EXPENSIVE hotels, starting at $900 a night & luxurious homes for nearly $14,000 per night plus 12% extra fee to cover room housekeeping. It's also off shore banking. Plus, very crowded now. Another dream island commercialized.

[@gorge5412]

YOUR info is valuable, Maeve. Thank you. Google reports that TT's first episode was Jan/'94. This Caribbean episode is from season six. Thus I think that this was filmed ~ 2000. Good on ya, Maeve.

[@shadetreader]

Capitalism destroys everything it touches.

[@Happyheretic2308]

@@shadetreadercommunism / globalism destroys everything it touches.

[@thomasw178]

Pinney was literally like "If I weren't supposed to have slaves, God would have stopped me."

[@virginiajayhudgins8277]

What about snakes? Were there any?

[@mikesummers-smith4091]

Rectangular Anomalies? Didn't they once record a Peel Session?

[@mikesummers-smith4091]

Rectangular Anomalies recorded a terrific session for John Peel.

[@DragonFae16]

I'm pretty sure when I first watched this episode as a teenager, it was the first time slavery had been put front and center for me. I'm Australian, so slavery isn't something we have much of a history with, so it wouldn't have been something I'd given any great amount of thought to.

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

It's a bit disturbing how they can blithely talk about "kind slave owners" and the purchase of bars for the "slave jail" and all Pinney is worried about is how much money he was cheated out of upon purchasing.

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

You obviously didn't pay attention,

[@RUfrikkinkiddinME]

We get it, you're very virtuous.

[@Ayyke]

During my studies as a historian we were warned against looking too much at the true horrors of slavery, concentration camps and such. People have been known to get PTSD as a result of detailed studies into the lives of slaves and the realities of the slave trade, so to emotionally distance yourself and to speak in more academic or theoretic terms is a way to protect ourselves. This doesn't mean the reality isn't acknowledged, you become very aware of how ..expletive.. awful human beings can and have been to other humans. To remain productive you sometimes need to put aside your own humanity, though, and feeling how worked up I get right now thinking about what I read and saw as a student tells me how out of practice I am in this regard after just a couple of years of less exposure. I need to go take a couple of deep breaths now, but I hope this helps you understand some of the distancing these professionals practice.

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

@@RUfrikkinkiddinME I'm no more virtuous than the next guy. That doesn't mean that I don't see what's in front of me.

[@RosHaywood]

Spider alert! If you don't like them (like me) this may help you avoid a heart attack when they show one without warning

[@tehbonehead]

What?! They're so cute and fuzzy!!!

[@becgould3772]

@@tehbonehead pretty sure you w8say that about Australian spiders!

[@TeresaTrimm]

First aired March 21, 1999.

[@evilqueen6402]

dude saying slaves were treated better than others was kind of gross, they were still slaves, he still owned people. and im sorry humanity with justice could mean anything to a sadist.

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

*Evil Queen* *Pinney* had never owned slaves before this, he hated the actual idea and he tried his best to treat his slaves well. *_I_* think that slavery is evil and maybe *Pinney* did too but he certainly felt he had to go along with the other owners of sugar cane plantations.

[@evilqueen6402]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 .....he still took part and profited off the slave trade so his feelings must not have been that strong. 🙄 Stop trying to justify it.

[@megelizabeth9492]

It’s system justification theory in action. While he may have thought it was wrong, he still participated in the system, and that was his attempt to justify it.

[@magdatorruellas9122]

Carrab??? Funny. Still, love my tyme team.

[@billyank1864]

I think we just need more of Carenza in those tan shorts!

[@romelnegut2005]

+billyank1864 Send her to the Carribean and you'll get what you want.

[@monkey_s331]

You must be desperate mate!

[@MeMommyEms]

Stewart looking for Stewart house. 😁

[@Go-Dawgs]

David Small is no help to Stewart, he could have at least let Stewart take that map after he saved his lost ass in the jungle.

[@cathjj840]

You know, a lot of that drama is manufactured. Jus' sayin' (Remember, there was also someone else with a camera filming their doings)

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@cathjj840 It's almost certainly a _real_ incident recreated for the camera. This is almost routine in such documentaries. This is something I actually _know_ about, not a guess *John Schlesinger,* a delightful man, made *_Terminus,_* kzbin.info/www/bejne/nKnCnYh5nKhggNE , for my father and almost _every_ incident in it actually happened and most were recreated by the actual people involved. The _bag lady_ was absolutely real, she was the only one to refuse a fee and when she died the film crew paid for her funeral and interment. Many of them went too.

[@desslokbasileus571]

44:09　～　😍😍😍😍😍

[@rasclotify]

I always notice Phil's unclipped fingernails. I'm thinking they must be awesome tools in the world of archeology!

[@justaguitardude]

+Jace Smith also handy if you like to finger pick your old acoustic by the fire after a hard days worth of digging.

[@rasclotify]

Nard scratchin' or finger pickin' the ole acoustic, clearly long nails are handy multipurpuse tools!

[@iankrom510]

I guess it also means he is a good flint knapper, I do a little knapping (strictly speaking I am not a flint knapper as I have knapped other stones but not flint) and am rather good at hitting the tips of my nails when they get long (in my case slightly less short.)

[@flipflopski2951]

Phil... so your grandparents were in the sugar industry...

[@PaulaBean]

16:52 Slavery is indeed a big thing in the bible.

[@WendyDarling1974]

Documenting remnants of British colonial history before it is ruined by the colonialism of tourism.

[@lindasue8719]

May God save us from developers.

[@thecrow7]

slavery is a touchy subject but i am fed up with apparent guilt i am suppose to feel.. i dont! my ancestors never profited from it in fact most were in workhouses or destitute living from hand to mouth... are we supposed to condemn italy ie rome they had slaves in fact going back in time all empires had them it was part of conquest...

[@Seeker386]

I agree, it was a terrible thing, but I have never owned a slave in my lifetime...

[@cathjj840]

If your ancestors were as poor and destitute as you say, steve, they probably didn't benefit much from slavery but were rather the victims of similar attitudes and practices applied to them, their fellow countrymen, as the rich and powerful were using to exploit foreign slaves. Maybe instead of identifying with abusive elites that should feel guilty, you'd feel better if you empathized with your ancestors' fellow victims. Those same elites keep their advantage by dividing us normal humans and pitting us against each other.

[@stiannobelisto573]

Don't let those white leftists try to bring you down with their "white guilt" obsession

[@becgould3772]

Slavery still happens now.

[@RUfrikkinkiddinME]

Even if my ancestors had profited from slaves I wouldn't feel guilty. Life's too short and there's already plenty of guilt and regret from ones own decisions to keep them busy for life. I agree with the party about uniting against the elites though. Apparently they've decided we don't get a say in our own lives anymore.

[@Fetch26291]

Most recent vid on KZbin channel 'Geography Now' was about the tiny nation of St Kitts & Nevis.

[@robertmills8640]

Stewart looks like a real "Indiana Jones" 😄

[@gaylewright5320]

didn’t they come back and correct that skeleton to be a woman?

[@pauljohansson363kagy5]

Love Time Team, but it's a bit creepy with the local boys chopping down the trees for the white blokes.

[@pepperco100]

100 slaves to work only 300 acres? Considering that sugarcane is a grass that takes two years from planting to harvest, it seems these slaves were markedly inefficient laborers.

[@Wotdermatter]

Throughout the complete series, Tony uses the word 'theory." It is obvious he is not, and cannot, relate it to a "scientific theory" which has specific parameters to adhere to before it can become a theory. For example, a theory must be tested, evaluated, and the hypotheses upheld by a series of experiments, etc., based on specific criteria before it can be classified as a theory. His revelations are more of ideas and other pointless concepts, not true theories. Rum can be made by the fermentation the juice from extracted from the juice of crushed sugar cane, as displayed in this episode. Also, it can be distilled from sugarcane by-products, like molasses or for lighter rums, directly from sugar cane juice. These are then matured in oaken casks.

[@Brinta3]

I have a theory about why you have zero upvotes.

[@Hil0]

one would think an archaeologist would know the difference between poisonous and venomous :-P

[@cathjj840]

Fear makes you revert to the basics you learned as a small child. Poison is just the go to term for all circumstances.

[@becgould3772]

I don't think they have many poisonous spiders in the UK.

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

@@becgould3772 All spider in the *UK* are poisonous but none can deliver their poison to thick-skinned mammals and none can deliver enough poison to hurt them either.

[@becgould3772]

@@philaypeephilippotter6532 so nothing like Australian spiders then and more like daddy long legs, right got it thanks.

[@RhodeIslandWildlife]

I was holding out for Corenza in a Bikini.

[@barbmcconnaughey3070]

😆 Hmmm...Phil in a Speedo.

[@RhodeIslandWildlife]

@@barbmcconnaughey3070 He's out tooling around the UK in Daisy Duke's any time the weather is over 50 (f), that mystery's already solved.

[@OUigot]

After seeing her fat ass in a bikini you'd change your mind real quick.

[@JutJemaacht]

Pinney- a ' kind slave owner'? How convenient... We wouldn't like to be confronted with the truth. 'Kind slave owners' is an oxymoron; closely related to the unicorn, the tooth fairy, Santa Claus, and the treasure on the end of the rainbow. But let's pretend he was kind and just a victim of his times. Let's ignore the agony and despair of millions...

[@kenthonea5533]

GabbyMcGabberson there were kind slave owners

[@aylbdrmadison1051]

There is nothing kind about owning slaves, period. That said, there obviously would have been some slave owners that were *kinder,* and that is in fact a little bit better. This isn't promoting slavery or unkindness in any way to say that, and I stress it still does *not* excuse those who falsely thought that owning slaves would ever be justifiable.

[@stiannobelisto573]

@@descendanttravels7639 it was the belief in heaven and hell that made them justify slavery in the first place

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

A bit of an oxymoron, eh ?

[@georgeb.wolffsohn30]

@@kenthonea5533 what kind ?

[@cjamthepatricianakabilldoo7852]

The language would not be allowed 2019

[@philaypeephilippotter6532]

Why?

[@シロダサンダー]

Well, 2019 is dead.

[@mimiboulanger2358]

Thankx again zaajer . You are phenomenal. However Carenza is so annoying ,pushy and quite rude.

[@karmayt8956]

Name a people anywhere in the world that didn’t have slavery at some time. People are so ignorant of history. “You are racist so pay me” is bull shit I’ve had to live with. As if racism isn’t a two way street.