To Infinity and Beyond: The Accelerating Universe

Dark energy is cosmology's biggest mystery-an anti-gravitational force that confounds the conventional laws of physics. It makes up more than two-thirds of the cosmos, but science is still grappling to explain what dark energy actually is. In this program, top physicists search for clues to this mystery in both the earliest moments of the universe and far into the future of the cosmos.
This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.
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Original Program Date: 05/28/2015
Host: Lawrence Krauss
PARTICIPANTS: Josh Frieman, Priyamvada Natarajan, Adam Riess, Jan Tauber, Neil Turok
Lawrence Krauss's introduction. 00:00
The geometry of space. 4:28
How to create the clumps from inflation? 8:50
Einsteins equations. 13:23
Participant Introductions. 17:50
What does expansion mean? 20:00
what have we learned since the cosmological constant? 29:20
What do the observations show? 37:00
There is no evidence of gravitational waves. 43:00
What is the useless useful? 46:04
Leading the hunt for dark energy. 53:51
Proving a cosmological constant. 1:02:00
Will we be able to measure that dark energy as the cosmological constant in this lifetime? 1:07:01
The history of the universe and forming a black hole. 1:16:59

[@WorldScienceFestival]

Hello, KZbinrs. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its KZbin translation project. To get started, all you need is a Google account. Check out To Infinity and Beyond: The Accelerating Universe to see how the process works: kzbin.info_video?ref=share&v=pcKdA2-W0X0 To create your translation, just type along with the video and save when done. Check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to here: kzbin.info_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7hr4f1R8A&tab=2 The World Science Festival strives to cultivate a general public that's informed and awed by science. Thanks to your contributions, we can continue to share the wonder of scientific discoveries with the world.

[@matthewsmith1779]

World Science Festival Hasn't gravitational waves been detected? Not in the CMB, but from colliding neutron stars. So I've heard at least.

[@cairomendes6942]

Talking about dark energy, one thing in this video made me intrigued . This great scientists say: the universe is infinitely expanding, but dark energy is not, it stays stable, it does not expand along with matter. I do not know how to test this mathematically, but logically it seems obvious to me that if something is stable and does not expand, it is because it has already occupied all the space it had to occupy. And that would lead to another hypothesis, that is: dark energy is not part of "this universe", but of all space, including where this universe is expanding to. Dark energy is already "there", in other words, so it does not expand. Maybe it always be there, since the "beginning". Any sense?

[@octavohombre2]

@@matthewsmith1779 Not at the time this was made.

[@davidevans2810]

Perhaps inflation needs a bit of a rethink... What if the "big bang" wasn't a bang as much as a change of phase? If we look at the fundamental forces, they seem to combine as we go back closer in time toward the big bang--What if time started when the quantum energy fields separated into their current arrangement? The inflation period would be the time frame from when there was/were one or just a few fields, which decayed or separated in some way, into the current 42 or so we have identified giving rise to a completely different reality we currently inhabit?? That inflation was the start of the process and the end of inflation is our currently reality and some really odd things occurred during this change of phase.

[@antonioglorioso3042]

please, please, please translate in to italian too.

[@chilliejam]

Lawrence Kraus is a gem

[@DHTHORNE]

I wonder how different this talk would be if they had it today... So much happened this year. Great talk, I love this channel!

[@MaxBrix]

We know galaxies are receding from each other because as we look farther away they get closer together. The scope of the Universe is unfathomable as it should be. Infinity is so damn hard to see. We will never know what is beyond what we can see no matter how far we look. It's hard to accept but it is also beautiful.

[@funnymomemts790]

Andromeda and our milky way galaxies are coming closer to each other on road to a collision. This is what the scientists claim.

[@bbbl67]

Priya seems to be a very good explainer, kept everything simple, using easy to understand analogies (potholes, lumps, etc.). The others were good too, but she was especially good. Loved the interactions between Lawrence Krauss and Neil Turok at the end. Even though Krauss was supposedly the impartial moderator of the topic, you could tell he was an equal participant in the topic too, and he and Turok had very different rival theories about Inflation and the Big Bang. Like watching a couple of heavy-weight fighters taking little jabs at each other.

[@spacemanvector32]

Kind of literally light years ahead of TED talks, at least in the study of the universe. Awesome dream fuel.

[@ijustwanttolikecomments4677]

hard agree! my mind has been blown a few times watching these vids lol. a few "assumptions" or theories presented on shows like How The Universe Works, etc that i could not understand the leap in logic while watching, start making sense after hearing these brilliant minds explain them a bit more in depth

[@slayerx3197]

Funny listening to parts of this now after proving gravitational waves exist..cant imagine what we'll know 10, 20, 50 years from now and think how funny it'll be listening to the things we think we know now

[@vermasean]

It is amazing how much can change in a short period of time. Based off the discussion of 'No Evidence of Gravitational Waves' @ 43:00, I wonder if there could be a follow up discussion ; not necessarily based off BICEP's observation, but LIGO's findings earlier this year.

[@jgoemat]

It's interesting watching this after they've discovered gravitational waves.

[@tonib5899]

Also the taking of the picture of the black hole which creates gravitational waves.Its a good time for exciting science.

[@philharmer198]

@@tonib5899 " Gravitational Waves " move away from the source , not inwards towards the source .

[@tonib5899]

@@philharmer198 I am aware of that, my point was they they move at the speed of light, but I may have said that in a different post.

[@yugang08]

they've finally posted the whole discussion on here

[@GonzoTehGreat]

yugang08 Yeah, what's with the 5min soundbites? They don't make sense when you're editing a panel discussion...

[@horseofblack]

the problem mentioned at 27 minutes has a solution. i found the answer. time is negative. Riess suspected a negative sign problem. the negative sign is missing in his calculation. he speeks of the most distance galaxies moving in real time or current time, evenafter he tells us that these most distance galaxies are next to the most ancient parts of the universe. the high red shift of these most distance galaxies, the high expansion rate of this part of the universe has absolutely nothing to do with what the universe is doing today. the acceleration is not increasing but just the opposite. the early universe expanded faster but slowed as the universe ages and the chart shows the redshift tending to the blue edge of the spectrum as time progresses. hence, no dark energy from this perspective.

[@josephkarpinski9586]

Excellent! A great panel that clearly presented many of the cutting edge ideas in Astronomy. Thanks! Only thing to add. Follow it with deep drill down presentations on each of the major ideas presented.

[@diego1008]

Now that we've detected gravitational waves could you bring back these guests for an update?

[@primovid]

Yes...Exactly what I was thinking during half of this video!

[@bbbl67]

Actually, they weren't talking about gravitational waves in general, but the gravitational waves after the Big Bang & Inflation specifically. We know gravitational waves exist when it comes to a couple of black holes merging. However, what they hoped to find evidence for was for gravitational waves in the light of the CMBR. That's what the Bicep2 retracted announcement in 2015 was about, they had thought they had discovered the signature of gravitational waves in polarization pattern of the CMBR, but what it turned out to be was that the polarization was caused by dust particles within the Milky Way itself. So they had to retract their claim of discovery. They are now trying to find a way to detect areas of the sky which aren't as heavily affected by galactic dust, and see if polarization still occurs there. If they still find polarization, then it's a discovery of gravitational waves, and therefore a confirmation of Inflation theory; otherwise, it's not a confirmation of Inflation theory, and Neil Turok's alternative theory would come to the forefront.

[@Andrew-dj1wd]

Gravitational Waves of Neutron Stars and Black holes have been measured. But has Gravitational Waves of the Cosmic Microwave Background been measured?

[@blackestjake]

I believe your confusion has been adequately addressed. No need to comment. D'oh! Too late :(

[@wntu4]

You are confused. The CMB has nothing to do with gravity waves.

[@AKohn-wu3em]

We used to think the world was flat, Pythagoras came along and showed it was round. We used to think the universe is a sphere. Now we know it's flat.

[@lewsheen7514]

I also wonder what Neil Turok has to say now that gravitational waves have indeed been detected. And - instead of interpreting his statements, I say let them stand on their own. NT didn't say "gravitational waves produced by the big bang or inflation haven't been observed," he said "gravitational waves haven't been observed." NT also implies that because super-symmetric particles and more massive Higgs bosons haven't been discovered in the LHC, they must not exist. But that REALLY only means that they (apparently) don't exist at the energy levels (distances) probed by LHC - NOT that they "don't exist.". "Absence of evidence is NOT evidence of absence..." as one of the panelists said early on. Look - I truly appreciate informed scientific skeptics and rule breakers. Eratosthenes. Copernicus. Kepler. Galileo. Newton. Maxwell. Planck. Bohr. Einstein. Heisenberg. Dirac. Schrodinger. Hubble. (And MANY more...) They ALL abandoned the current scientific dogma of their times and led us to amazing new truths about our universe. And I get that Neil Turok has a "brain the size of a planet!" But he makes many seemingly unfounded assumptions in his explanation of his personal views... If history is truly our guide, the next scientific revolution will likely be far stranger than anything imagined to date - and THAT'S why I love science!

[@jean-philippeemond7638]

Finally! I was waiting for this video since may!!! Knowledge!!!

[@phyllisneal8687]

Knowledge ❗

[@galaxia4709]

Neil Turak is the most intelligent individual person on this panel.

[@EconAtheist]

Galaxia ... Ed Witten would beg to differ, but Turok is definitely a top-5 brain.

[@bbbl67]

I loved the barely concealed rivalry between him and Krauss. Taking little shots at each other. :)

[@MrAkashvj96]

The 2 most respected physicists in the world today are Edward Witten and Nima Arkani Hamed but I agree Neil is certainly up there.

[@d.b.cooper1721]

@@SSagan 2 Gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background have been detected? When did that happen?? I think you are confusing the detection of GW's from blackhole & neutron star mergers by LIGO with GW's potentially produced at the Big Bang as predicted in many inflationary models in the CMB. The later was discussed by the panel when they were talking about the BISON experiment confusing polarization of light in the CMB with polarization of light from dust. Neil was talking about GW's from the Big Bang.

[@thorcook]

@@EconAtheist ​@UCR16LkunxjHR_Oxk7wWH1JA Arkani Hamed and Witten were not on this panel

[@IIIIIawesIIIII]

really great introduction!!

[@pb4520]

Thankyou for this!!!! Wondeful !!!!!!!!

[@jonathonsimon7770]

Interesting watching the battle with the guy at end - wondering what his response is now with the confirmation of gravity waves only a short time after this interview. But I must admit, I do think like him, and agree that the simplest explanation of nature is usually the correct one, and back in 2015, I would have found his explanations most convincing.

[@jaimitoelpoderoso]

good stuff :)

[@theautodan7095]

*Alien kid: is that true? Is our universe FLAT?! *Alien dad: What?! No. Stop watching Human TV. Theyre still down there arguing if the earth is flat or round... Alien kid

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

Your actually listening to Jeffrey epsteins best friend .lol. And as he tells you this is fact , All new measurements of expansion is different constants or "lands" which means inflation is in big trouble. At least how it's currently known. This also can mean that universes isn't isotropic. That would blow up physics and istope decay. That means dating we use isn't what we think it is. This is exciting if they continue to measure what they are. They have 6 of 7 was to measure and they all are showing variable speeds of expansion depending on where the look. I'm only and in my life I was taught this is fact only to see it rewritten a couple times later in life. Lol.. But this would be the biggest oops ever.

[@edmundkempersdartboard173]

Lawrence remind anyone else of that scientist from the simpsons?

[@simontex3310]

You fkn nailed it dude!

[@bwp7420]

Professor Frink 🤣🤣🤣

[@jameslowery3315]

@@bwp7420 no lmk

[@bwp7420]

@@jameslowery3315 huh?

[@gmshadowtraders]

1:08:03 is when it starts. You're welcome.

[@hosh1313]

The speed of gravity = c (LIGO) The speed of the electric field = c (speed of electricity) So c is the speed of fields, not the speed of light. So why is the speed of light = c? Because light travels through the Luminiferous Aether which is a magnet medium so the speed of light is actually the speed of the Magnetic field. Thank you.

[@povilasrackauskas857]

Sweet!!!

[@MaryamSidiqah-qx5sh]

Great inf.

[@tonib5899]

If the CMB picture is correct the universe is an oblate sphere.if we can see the same distance in every direction that also infers a spherical shape. So locally it’s flat but on the biggest scale it’s round. Yet why does the cosmic web have no particular shape.

[@WILEY104]

Another banger

[@Drizzleize]

pro tip from Kansas: the earth looks very round, more so without mountains blocking the horizon.

[@Funnygalsproductions]

The lady Privamvada is a smart cookie! Wow

[@Henrikbuitenhuis]

thanks from Denmark

[@Aluminata]

If there was a little astronomer. a trillion times smaller that an atomic nucleus, gazing out from the core of an apple would he see billions of spherical objects, separated by vast regions of empty space, but which did not appear to behave consistently with their observable mass, as if some dark force were holding them all together?

[@theautodan7095]

Exactly! What if there are no irreducible small particles? And if you need smaller particles to hold the already small particles together... And so on and so on..

[@theautodan7095]

@Dhyan Jay no, i meant that what if size is all relative and inside every atom here is an entire galaxy or universe of smaller particles that make that universe and inside every atom in THAT universe is another universe of smaller particles... And so on and so on... So that in the end there is no "smallest particle". Kinda like when you see one of the Zoom videos for Mandelbrot's set. There are many on youtube.

[@theautodan7095]

@Dhyan Jay thats based on measurements of the visible light spectrum... There are other "light" wavelengths that have other properties- gamma, X, infrared, etc... And these are just the frequencies we can measure with technology, otherwise we wouldn't even know it existed. We already know physics behaves different in macrocosms(celestial bodies, black holes, galaxies) than the physics at our scale, just as physics behaves differently at the quantum scale... Who's to say physics doesn't begin to behave differently, once again, beyond the quantum scale? We don't even fully understand all of physics- gravity, black holes, magnetism, quantum entanglement, etc, etc... As far as i can tell there is no definitive proof that size isn't relative. Our vision and senses are very limited in our current conscious state. Large scale maps of galaxies show similarities between galactic systems and our own nervous systems. We could seriously be just living on a speck inside someone's massive brain- which to them would be "normal" size. Ever see "horton hears a who"? Very similar concept. We cant be so naive to believe that there is nothing beyond our understanding or grasp. This universe is much larger and much smaller than we realize...

[@aspis6397]

Dan Marron absolutely correct we are arrogant in the belief that what we observe is what exists. We only possess 5 senses and a very limited spectrum of observation even with our instruments.

[@ameetdmello2525]

what is world science festival? i been following all videos ! i feel these things we my discovery ,, but was dissapointed as its already in discussion... good lead ppl..

[@phurtive]

When the rate of expansion becomes faster than light, then entropy will reverse itself and everything will begin happening again in reverse order. This suggests an infinitely oscillating universe. I just wonder if the oscillations are symmetrical. They would have to be if we are to believe mainstream theories. Unless Hawking was correct about information loss. Black holes are the one variable which could have broken the symmetry of an oscillating universe. In fact, I wouldn't consider this a paradox at all, rather a necessity, so long as a black hole's impact on an oscillation can be quantized through any effected world-lines. Determine this, and you may have a unifying theory. Patterns of oscillations could contain enough information to describe a system of higher order or the very system it contains.

[@andrewe3165]

'Hubble lawyer' Joke Counter: 1,694

[@vblaas246]

Question: These 2D oval background radiation maps are (Aitoff?) projections of the 3D night sky right? 38:38 Why is this projection chosen over an equal area method? Is it because gravitational lensing messes up the proportions anyway? Second question: Is saying that the geometry of the universe is flat, the same as to say that 4D space-time has itself 0 curvature?

[@dimitriedgarmetz3147]

He says (minute 8:03) "We now now - to an accuracy of better than 1% - that the universe is flat". So that leaves 99% of change that the universe is not flat.

[@jordancox8294]

Dimitri Edgar Metz No. It means that there's only a 1% chance it isn't flat.

[@dimitriedgarmetz3147]

I understand that, that's what he means to say. But you can also say the Earth is flat with an error of 0,78% and still it's round. (every 100km Earth curves 0,78km 'downward'). So what does an accuracy of 99% mean? It doesn't prove space is flat. There's still to much 'space' for error.

[@terrywbreedlove]

I would like to see more of Lawrence Krauss presentations. Love his sense of humor and insights on the latest science topics.

[@TheMuskokaman]

I like the multiverse theory personally, throw in a little "As above so below" & voila! Blackholes become the gateways to new big bangs where the information is reassembled in a different dimension of spacetime making the cosmos somewhat infinitely large like a fractal where scale & time becomes beyond comprehension of even the most insanely existentialist mathematician.

[@MrAudienceMember2662015]

and as is typical, when mankind learns how to traverse it, we won't stop for directions. :)

[@arlizespinosa381]

Muskoka Man Definitely fractals.

[@brandex2011]

Muskoka Man Somewhat related: I imagine the physical universe as a kind of Klein bottle - or multiple interconnected Klein bottles (boingboing.net/2013/05/25/triple-nested-klein-bottle.html). Black holes are drain passages and the return valves on the other end are incomprehensibly small. When the pressure from the expansion of the universe forces the huge quantity of information into the drain passages and through the infinitesimal return valves, the result is like opening a fire hose with a tiny bore nozzle set to wide-angle spray. This event would cause an explosion of information ("big bang") into the receptacle(s) - in an infinite cycle.

[@TheMuskokaman]

brandex2011 Interesting!

[@crimsonsamuraiftw]

+Muskoka Man Like an infinite matryoshka doll

[@sirprofit9257]

Wow what an intro!

[@tuberyou1149]

If the Universe is expanding and that expansion is accelerating what happens when we run the Universe backwards? Does everything keep slowing down until it stops at the Big Bang?

[@thorcook]

it hasn't necessarily been accelerating non-stop since the big bang, but basically yes, just as any explosion would.

[@Jason-gt2kx]

My novel hypothesis that dark matter is just distortions in spactime by which the curvature alone is the cause of the gravity. Spactime has been observed to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating waves. These properties have been proven with observations of gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and recently gravitational waves. Fabrics can be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of deformation losing elasticity. Such extreme conditions were all present during inflation, so it is plausible that spacetime’s elastic nature hit its yield point and deformed. Therefore, if gravity is the direct result of warped spactime, and fabrics can be deformed, then a deformation of spacetime could create a gravitational effect independent of mass. Dark matter may simply be a particle of the spacetime’s structure, instead an exotic particle sitting in spacetime causing the warped geodesics.

[@Bobsry16]

👍🏽🙏🏽 Spacetime being flexible witout mass introduces the variable you have described! Unique configurations of matter may enable the bending and twisting of spacetime, no positive or negative real mass needed.

[@SamtheIrishexan]

The observable universe will be ours to master. The unobservable universe is where the fun is. The problem is we have alot of trouble making the math work with what we observe in many cases. So we hold some things constant that are dynamic at the right extremes and the universe is nothing if not full of extremes.

[@georgeclarke4859]

In this multiverse are some universes much older than the next , if so does the older universe influence the newer one through quantum physics

[@zerocapacitance1]

Vortex: expanding to a point until it folds back to the center.

[@xzxfin120965]

Is there a followup to this presentation now that gravitational waves have been detected?

[@thorcook]

not from the CMB though.. his comment was misleading implying that gravitational waves would confirm inflation. they do not. only gravitational waves from the early universe/ ie. CMB would suggest that theory of inflation is correct

[@kapilchaudaha9679]

What a revolting title! What waves of curiosity and wonder it produces and one feels swept along.

[@derrickdiedtrich9770]

One question that I've never had answered since my Cosmo studies...If we can detect accelerating expansion, why is a point of origin undetectable? It seems strangely similar to geo-centric thinking. Anyone with information would be appreciated.

[@L2p2]

every point in the universe is simultaneously the point of origin. Every observer is at the center of their observable universe

[@sudhakarang8626]

"Sudhakaran-Sivaram Theory Of The Universe"Published By Amazon

[@jeffersonmendes3421]

The videos of the World Science Festival are among the most insightful and entertaining science material I found over the internet so far, but I'd like to make you a question. If you cannot subtitle the videos by some reason, why just aren't allowed the automatic subtitles? If it could help people like me who just did not born in a country where people speak your language around me, can you imagine how could help people who are just by instance, deaf? Science has to be done by far more people. In a time when skepticism is becoming less and less popular, if we scientists don't step down from this pedestals, we are accepting the risk of having us all the destiny of Hypatia. And no one is gonna stand up for us.

[@zennstuff]

We didn't know what we were doing? We specifically were trying to measure q0, and we had been studying supernovae since 1986 to measure distances. We determined how to use Type Ia SNe to measure distances between 1989-96. The value of q0 was surprising, but to say we didn't know what we were doing is not what happened Lawrence.

[@justnuts3061]

Just after 2 months of this video , The Gravitational waves wee detected. Insanity * 1*10^1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

[@andrewwalsh6177]

what about the energy its used more energy loss weaker hold?

[@horseofblack]

Krauss finally touched on the essence of the discussion, at about 1 hour he starts to compare today's rate of expansion to that of the early universe and then passes off to Reiss who quickly muddles through without any real numbers. after being interrupted the discussion degrades to predictions of planets in the solar system. i wanted to hear the actual current acceleration and recorded red shift as seen between some close local galaxy and the milkyway. Hubble was a lawyer, so i can understand why he missed the point that the farther out you look the more ancient the data. but Krauss should have understood that the early universe expanded rapidly and as it gained age, time coming forward the galaxies movement away slowed. the farther away the higher the red shift. you view time in the negative, when looking into the past.

[@horseofblack]

+Mootez Elhosni as i stated: in the video conducted by Krauss et al he stated the need to compare current and ancient rates of expansion of the universe. so tell Krauss of "no need for CURRENT acceleration and recorded red shift." the expansion is not exponential. it is as stated by space.com "expanding at a rate of 74.3 plus or minus 2.1 kilometers (46.2 plus or minus 1.3 miles) per second per megaparsec (a megaparsec is roughly 3 million light-years)" this is a mere 0.007% per million years. very slow acceleration. but this is irrelevant because i believe there is a mistake in the calculations.

[@jeromegoodwin3848]

OK what is it expanding into?

[@alexbowman7582]

Rather than calling it dark matter or dark energy would it not be more accurate to call it dark knowledge.

[@nosearches8340]

Why does inflation only go one way? Even I know When something explodes it goes in all directions

[@philhunter8263]

Ouch!

[@marcef100]

The problem in your 180ﾟ and a triangle is when, said triangle doesn't account for A 180ﾟ but either smaller or larger; at that point you no longer dealing with 3 Straight lines.

[@J3West]

Gravitational waves have been detected... Next chapter please

[@cristianm7097]

The Universe Bubble will burst one day and we'll all be gone !

[@styleguitar95]

Neil's part was so damn interesting, why did they stop him -.-

[@username-jc2tp]

Wonder how he took the LIGO success :)

[@avi7278]

A flat universe would go against everything else we observe. Virtually everything that's formed (not a piece of something else) in the universe is in the form of a sphere. Why should the universe be any different? The universe is mostly likely an immense curved sphere that's so big we could never observe or measure the curve itself.

[@oskelouis25]

Universe is a rubber band or a whip if speed is increasing. The space in-between everything is unimaginably increasing until gravity overcomes expansion. Dark matter is gravity and space dust.

[@whirledpeas3477]

Are you sure 🤔

[@TheJos44]

a physicist told me when i was 10, science doesn't "suck" lol

[@arnehanna3092]

Great stuff. Maybe lose the 'indy pop' in the closing credits.

[@Quark.Lepton]

Turok’s insistence that gravitational waves don’t exist must be making him feel a little foolish these days, along with most of his theories falling flat as well.

[@S_sOs_S]

Objects are moving far from each other as the space is expanding and accelerating and space w.r.t us beyond a certain distance moving at a speed greater than the speed of light. How is this even comprehensible logically? Space expanding.. what does it even mean? Is it an object? what is expanding out of what? now, if it's so, what space is?

[@kanagawakenji7]

17:01 So what is the last 1.4%?

[@Quoicoubafeur]

It's Kyary Pamyu Pamyu

[@spnhm34]

The obvious question is how can galaxies be reliable measurement points for mapping dark matter when they can’t be used to reliably measure acceleration

[@center__mass]

well the last guys idea is shot ,we have seen dizens if gravitational waves now. what a time eh?

[@whirledpeas3477]

dizens if ?

[@center__mass]

@@whirledpeas3477 dude dozens of . obs

[@FlockOfHawks]

If the relative velocity of very remote ( ie long ago ) regions of the universe is higher than linearly proportional to the distance ( in space and time ) , then these very old regions are moving *faster* than the younger / closer ones , so expansion isn't speeding up but down , or am i dumb ?

[@FlockOfHawks]

Furthermore : at that stage of the Universe's Life Cycle , its Mass was way more concentrated , resulting in larger Red Shift of emitted Light . If these two would cancel eachother out , the Universe would still be flat . I guess i'm dumb .

Curious the "branding" detail: the folding screens (set decor) like windows/Microsoft's logo, while he's holding the Apple's bitten apple... that he ends up throwing away.

[@garyc1384]

G Bénard Wow - you have uncovered a conspiracy

[@Bobsry16]

How about particles that have spacetime bending effects different from their actual standard mass. Stuff life EM black hole/neutron star analogues, relativistic particles, condensed matter. Gravity waves and lensing on a spectrum of scales can emerge as an "antigravity" effect! Observation!

[@glutinousmaximus]

I don't much like these "committees" - I much prefer one person giving a lecture and allowing lots of time for Q&A's.

[@westthumbfilms1850]

I concur.

[@katericox2345]

isn't true that propibiltyility stand to say that in the universe we aren't the only lifeform existing. Based on a mathematical theory.

[@mysticwine]

Um - the last time I checked infinity never ends and for that reason I find it difficult to get beyond it - duh

[@roelrovira7123]

Infinite accelerating universe, dark matter, dark energy, and the rest of science conundrums can only be explained correctly once we have a complete understanding of the real true nature of gravity. I will publish online soon, in Singapore, my 30-year long fundamental research on the true nature of gravity. It solve all of the above mentioned problems.

[@A_Lesser_Man]

if the universe is expanding, perhaps the balance of anti-matter is on the very outter "fringe" of the expansion, and cannot annihilate anything...yet.

[@davidwilkie9551]

In The Great Circle of Infinity, the tangency of point-line-circle time-timing orthogonality tangentials, this is the Absolute Zero Kelvin i-reflection containment vanishing-into-no-thing Singularity inside-outside holographic time-timing sync-duration Reciproction-recirculation. Ie pure-math relative-timing ratio-rates Circuitry of probabilistic correlations, temporal superposition spin-spiral log-antilog interference of e-Pi-i omnidirectional-dimensional cause-effect numberness.

[@jamesongarnett8268]

Aren't gravitational waves just all the ripple waves from collisions eventually creating steady troughs that essentially work like space fabric "canyons" so to speak? I was explained to that basically "stuff" smashes in to other stuff and over long long time periods the stuff that doesn't fuse together either gets caught in an orbit or catches other stuff in it's orbit to in a sense shield it from more intense collisions.... in that mental image if seemed like there aren't really gravitational waves so to speak but rather gravity can only exist as a byproduct of impact ripple waves interacting/interfering with each other and relating these elastic resonant cavities that have a very small range but a range nonetheless of objects that could potentially intersect and become stuck in. Anyone? I am clueless I thought we knew gravity wasn't an actual thing....

[@jennanelson5453]

In regards to dark energy * In the video " reality since einstein hosted by Brian Greene @ 36:05 he states that pressure yields gravity. I beleive the extra gravity we are measuring is due to pressure of empty space-time its self, the energy of a vacuum. When space time is warped, the curve is filled with space, the energy of the space should have pressure added with greater depth. This is why we cannot see the gravitional sources, this would also explain why we measure it to be evenly dispersed. This would also explain the expansion of the universe. Like bubbles growing in size and accelerating in speed when rising under the pressure of water, so does matter, when under the affects of the pressure of a vacuum. The reason our predictions of calculation the mass caused by the energy of a vacuum is too high is because we're basing our predictions on what we see in matter. The mass caused by the energy of a vacuum in a confined particle under all four fundimental forces will be much higher than in a vacuum outside of matter.

[@jennanelson5453]

Negative mass is possible if we are talking about relativistic mass. If the gravitational force caused by pressure of energy in a vacuum exceeds the gravitational attractions of matter, then we would have a negative number. That negative number would imply a rapidly accelerating universe, too rapid to hold matter together.

[@discoverrealityclover9620]

Everybody understands that the margins of error in experimental Astronomy and Cosmology are much larger those in HEP.

[@armanbash]

Tq so much for shedding lights. The West is such the promising 'prometheus'.

[@funnymomemts790]

Nothing is infinite. Inability to count is termed as infinity.

[@hollyfanatic8686]

“Thx universe is flat” 😂😂 this man is nuts! The universe has at least 12 dimensions! I’m so clever. Is he a comedian?

[@emmanuelsoto9134]

your team is awsome if i could help i would.

[@BartholomewCounty]

What goes up must come down hasn't been true since we achieved 'escape velocity'. We left a lot of stuff on the moon, which proves that it went up, but it did not come back down.

[@physicsouruniverse2798]

i like

[@Gootsffrida]

Lawrence Kraus. No comment.

[@ramongonzagajr8375]

Interesting discussions. So many theories & ideas but sad to say, no final & definite conclusion. Not in my many lifetimes. Question is, why the Big Bang? Not how, but why it start; began,? Assuming to be true.

[@fritodalis66]

Where did the apple go ?

[@JSprayaEntertainment]

its just a feedback loop , like in solar and planetary dynamo's , but , inflation is linked to gravitational sling shot effects of matter and the lagrangian points they make .. along with central massive black holes being replaced by galaxian lagrangian points that recycle matter and shoot matter and energy out what we use to call quasars ... ...yea its 2018

[@Smokin4CHRIST]

You need to find why the Mandelbrot exists

[@Aluminata]

A cluster of galaxies creates a " little' local pothole in space....

[@ricocapili35]

We live in a cooking universe! A constant electro-chemical state of quantum field in a counter balance DUALVERSE.

[@livesh684]

what if we are just in an early stage of expansion of the universe and things aren't exponentially expanding bt just havent strat to slow down yet

[@livesh684]

to be precise it haven't even hit its max speed for its expansion yet

[@jonwizard3989]

Thought information travels faster than light...it´s instant! ...

[@mahoganyballs2296]

Prove it!

[@cristianm7097]

Only if there is a Cosmic Mind that transcends the spacetime and the speed of light.

[@abiegreyvenstein5427]

WHY do we need all this information? HOW do we apply this knowledge? Please explain .

[@mariemitchell3304]

Not all knowledge needs to be "applied." Knowledge can exist for its own sake.