What is a white hole? - with Carlo Rovelli

Journey into the enigmatic depths of a black hole, with beloved physicist Carlo Rovelli.
Buy Carlo's book here: geni.us/nNB6xAs
Become one of our KZbin channel members and watch the Q&A with Carlo here: • Q&A: What is a white h...
This talk was recorded at the Ri on 27 October 2023.
00:00 Intro
3:35 Why do black holes appear circular?
6:05 Travelling into a black hole
10:34 The space inside a black hole
18:50 The quantum properties of gravity
24:06 Loop quantum theory
27:42 Quantum jumps and white holes
32:49 Going beyond Einstein’s theory
34:46 How long does a white hole take to form?
39:51 How do we prove the white hole theory?
45:22 Dark matter and the crisis in physics
49:48 Can we detect white holes?
52:24 Science as mind travel
Step beyond the event horizon of a black hole, and descend into the infinite abyss, where geometry folds and equations tighten around us. Witness the remnants of a star, dense and distant, as we plummet further into the unknown. And at last, behold the birth of a white hole, where time and space cease to exist.
Renowned for his groundbreaking research in quantum gravity and his contributions to loop quantum gravity, a theoretical framework that seeks to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics, Carlo will unveil the uncertainty and exhilaration of venturing into uncharted territory.
Carlo has authored several highly influential scientific papers on loop quantum gravity, and has written several popular books that bring his research to the wider public. His book "Seven Brief Lessons on Physics" became an international bestseller, introducing readers to key concepts of modern physics.
Carlo Rovelli is an Italian theoretical physicist, philosopher and writer who has worked in Italy, the United States and, since 2000, in France. His research is focused mainly in the field of quantum gravity and is a founder of loop quantum gravity theory. Carlo is currently head of the quantum group at the Centre de Physique Theorique at Aix-Marseille University, a Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute, and core member of the Rotman Institute of Philosophy of Western University. As a writer, Carlo became a household name after the success of his books ‘Seven Brief Lessons on Physics’ and ‘Reality is Not What It Seems’.
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This lecture was an Ri Discourse. Discourses are one of the Ri’s oldest and most prestigious series of talks. Since 1825, audiences in the theatre have witnessed countless mind-expanding moments, including the first public liquefaction of air by James Dewar, the announcement of the electron by JJ Thomson and over 100 lectures by Michael Faraday. In more recent times, we have had Nobel laureates, Fields medal winners, scientists, authors and artists - all from the cutting-edge of their field. Discourses are an opportunity for the best and brightest to share their work with the world.
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[@gabrielbosia1719]

How can a man be so intelligent, yet, so humble. He has taken astronomy to a fine art !

[@BlinkinFirefly]

Astronomy is art. It's literally the study of creation itself

[@josephtraficanti689]

Carlo is a really good guy because at his center, he is a teacher and a story teller. The story he tells here of Dante Alighieri and the Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso is interesting for a hidden reason. Dante wrote it in a dialect of Italian that unified Italy. In a way, that is what Carlo himself is doing in his description of the white holes and black holes. We also see this basic personality in Einstein himself. Albert, at heart was apparently a humble person as well as an intrepid, brave explorer. This type of person is easily the kind we gravitate to.

[@josephtraficanti689]

Collectively the three parts of the Dante story is the Divine Comedy. Written in 1320, it helped start the Renaissance. The last line in English is concerned with how we emerge to see the stars again. Humorously, that is how Carlo ends his journey through the black hole, then out the the white hole To Eventually SEE THE STARS AGAIN!. (QUE BELLA.)

[@BlinkinFirefly]

I love how Carlo explains everything in a way that basically everyone can understand. He paints a picture that everyone can imagine. He gives everyone the chance to wonder along with him and his colleagues. That takes an extraordinary amount of talent I think. We don't always have the ability to comprehend the extreme mathematical complexities of the studies of astrophysics. But we are so privileged to get to learn and reflect on the wonders alongside those that do comprehend and are able to share it. Thank you to all who work so hard to make that possible. This is such an exciting time to live in. I can't wait to learn more

[@alexmartian3972]

"everyone can understand". Same way Flat Earth can be explained: "we don't fall when stand upright, hence cannot be with inclination, hence flat.". My point is that 5:57 optical effect was not explained, if some light bends, then some light coming to us bends away. Why do we see more of light from this narrow circle? I bet actual math is not very complex, but he just oversimplifies.

[@chuckschillingvideos]

Everyone can "understand" it because it's just a story - it's fantasy and can be told anyway you wish because it isn't tethered to reality. Welcome to the flock of non-critical thinkers.

[@outsidethepyramid]

He should learn to speak English properly. His annunciation is terrible. I can't understand the crunt.

[@TheMasterninja22]

Always trust a man who speaks to an audience with such confidence whilst wearing sandals. Bravo sir. Jokes aside that was a wonderful lesson. Thank you.

[@demoncloud6147]

Sandals >> Shoes

[@frankzaffuto3670]

that's what tenure looks like

[@scottsiler2843]

21:00 - More specifically, it was meant to illustrate that Human Intellect or Reason (represented by Virgil) could only go so far and couldn't be used to understand divine redemption or paradise. That has to be one of my favorite stories ever. So much philosophy is crammed into that single poem (Inferno) that it's practically bursting at the seams. The fact that this gentleman is using that as a way to relate to Einstein's theories is absolutely brilliant.

[@somdeepkundu2506]

In last few days im obsessed with this person.. Listened his 3 audiobooks, Order of time, Helgoland and White Hole.. And i'm confident that, as a very much average student, i never loved physics so much.. I don't know where im going with these advance physics.. but the sheer beauty of science keeping me waking up nights and nights.. the way he has written them, thay way he explains.. It's personal, it's philosophical, it's poetic.. Yes, professor Carlo Rovelli is a poet.. ❤

[@gargoyleb]

You been over to the Lex Freidman podcast? You might like it.

[@ryanlacroix6425]

​@@gargoylebLex Friedman is the dumb guy's idea of a smart guy who cozies up to morons and fascists. Don't check him out. There are many other sources to go to besides him.

[@ShonMardani]

Take it easy, it is all fake.

[@MadScientist267]

Poetic? Lol 🤦‍♂️

[@ryuuesperr]

​@MadScientist267 there is definitely a sense of poetry throughout his books, just a little heart and soul

[@mrjaysahli]

Carlo is truly one of the all time great physicists since Galilei himself, as well as one of the nicest you will ever meet!

[@bluesque9687]

The poet of physics! the physicst who is the most refreshing science communicator... who is not a cold ruductionist... I have now bought this book too! i have got three of his books now! Absolute joy in reading them!

[@RoxanneM-]

Maybe the result of a well rounded education. We don’t do that well in the US.

[@bluesque9687]

@@RoxanneM- I am not sure how much it is about education! On a completely different tangent.... United States of America can be as big a bully as it can be in the world... it is still a very young hedonistic beast! And hollow! No matter what you do with education... mind you, it has some of the best universities in the world!... the people of United States don't have depth in their culture or history (except maybe their music: Jazz and Blues, soul...)

[@superstrada6847]

Superb. Rovelli not only describes the phenomenon of the universe through a black hole but gives a profound perspective of the meaning of discovery through the ages; "to leave some of yourself at home."

[@Deontjie]

Yea right? We calculated this, we speculated this. So this time we are 100% sure we are right. Not like the previous twenty times when we also calculated this to "perfection".

[@michaelandrews4783]

@@Deontjie From that comment I'm 100% sure you don't understand science and are likely an American

[@AaronBowersable]

Certainly worth another watch.

[@tizio13]

How wonderful to have this lecture get uploaded to soon after the books release! TY RI production team

[@BuddsAndrew]

Hehehe... precisely ! 😀

[@antonyjohnson4489]

Carlo Rivelli is an absolute genius and very lucid. Will certainly keep an eye open for more of his lectures and books. I wish him and his team good luck with the dark matter detector, which could really be a game-changer for Physics if it is successful.

[@ALBERTO30114]

His surname is ROVELLI, not Rivelli

[@Imehiel]

This had no business rhyming the way it did...

[@lancemanly2533]

I love this channel! THANK YOU for such beautiful mental engagement.

[@PlanetXMysteries-pj9nm]

Very impressed with this video. I have always been interested in astronomy and physics. It was things like this that drove me to enter those professions. Thank you for feeding my insatiable curiosity about the universe and the wonders that we discove

[@Kelticfury]

Yeah but what is it? I don't expect anyone to get that reference, but trust me it is perfection.

[@michaelgillman2505]

I've never seen one before, no one has, but I'm guessing it's a White Hole...

[@charleneyablonsky1133]

It is what it is

[@Hyper_nova]

A white hole…? Every action a has an equal and opposite reaction, a black hole sucks time and matter out of the Universe. A white hole returns it. So that thing is spewing time back in to the universe? Yeah but what is it…?

[@Dave-31it3]

A rabbit hole?😉

[@DigitalDiabloUK]

@@michaelgillman2505A white hole?

[@cyrusmorris9599]

I love this so much , so cool to hear such theories being discussed and given a voice

[@jimgraham6722]

I very much appreciate Rovelli's lateral thinking and thought experiments. In recent years we have got a bit too obsessed with giant experiments. These have told us a lot but now more time is needed thinking things through and coming up with testable ideas.

[@keep-ukraine-free528]

You describe the two parts of physics (and all sciences): experimental (of giant experiments) and theoretical (of thought experiments). Both are essential, neither is less important. We've had both, from as long back as we have records of science. Some experiments in experimental physics are "giant" because they must utilize massive amounts of energy (e.g. to generate the Higgs boson) or massive amounts of space to detect infinitesimally weak gravitational waves. To work, they must be "giant".

[@KarldorisLambley]

"In recent years we have got a bit too obsessed with giant experiments" really? a nigardly 2% of world GDP is spent on science, all science, abstruse stuff in universities and commercial endeavours. that suggests to me all our experiments are too small and cheap.

[@drbuckley1]

Another way to distinguish the two is "basic science" and "applied science." Too little funding goes to the former; grants go mostly to the latter. @@keep-ukraine-free528

[@Eric-zo8wo]

0:00: 🌌 The universe is filled with black holes, a surprising and beautiful discovery. 6:05: 🌌 The video discusses the optical effects and size of a black hole, as well as the experience of approaching it in a star ship. 11:55: 🌌 The speaker describes entering a black hole and observing the geometry inside. 17:02: 🌟 The video explains that black holes are formed from collapsed stars, not singularities. 22:48: 🔬 The video discusses the concept of quantum gravity and the theory of loop quantum gravity. 28:18: 🎥 The video discusses the trajectory of falling objects and how it relates to the Einstein and Newton equations. 33:31: 🌌 The speaker discusses the concept of quantum gravity and the idea of space-time itself undergoing a jump or transformation. 38:47: ! The speaker discusses the concept of time distortion and how it relates to a star collapsing and bouncing back. 44:50: 🌌 A white hole is a hypothetical object with a gravitational force but no electromagnetic interaction, potentially explaining dark matter in the universe. 50:21: 🌌 There is more dark matter than regular matter in galaxies, and it is more diffused, making it difficult to detect or interact with except through gravity. 55:35: 🌍 The video discusses the perspectives of Copernicus and Kepler on the solar system and how they imagined it from different viewpoints. Recapped using Tammy AI

[@davidwright8432]

The physics - established and speculative continuation of that - is fascinating. But the real message for the public understanding of science is what Carlo discussed in the last few minutes - the central place of the imagination, and emotional and intellectual response to the imagined, in the development of science. In wrestling with a problem, possible answers (not all right!) come in response to the 'simple' question: 'What if .... ' What indeed!

[@MattGates1SelfIntro]

Thank you. Wonderful details, and deftly handled 'leap' from mechanical to quantum descriptions. Especially liked the last chapter: critical to all our work, and our greatest strength.

[@XxleapingxlizardsxX]

What an incredible communicator. Blending poetry with physics to bring us closer to "truth" better than most other science communicators I've come across. Bravo, Carlo!

[@publiusrunesteffensen5276]

So nice to see Carlo Rovelli at RI. I like the way he think.

[@zornu]

his think is very good

[@W00PIE]

Thanks for this great talk! I've heard you some days ago on the Lawrence Krauss podcast and it almost drove me crazy that he did not let you finish at least one thought. That was not only rude, but also unfair as he was the moderator and "opponent" at the same time 😌 I am still working on understanding your hypothesis as an interested non-scientist with some background, it is incredibly interesting. What an exciting time to be alive!

[@dewiz9596]

Oh, great. . . so now I’ll have to track down THAT video. . .😊

[@Whit3hat]

Facinating subject thank you for the high quality lecture

[@STohme]

Many thanks to Carlo for this very brillant presentation on a difficult and complex subject without equations and mathematics.

[@KookusMaximus]

Perception may hold us to a beginning and end, but a continuum that is unending is my personal outlook. A beginning that is impossible to know and an ending that will never come.

[@raymondtheriault2555]

Sir, you are a wonderful teacher!

[@michael-4k4000]

Thank you Sir 😊

[@Haroldus0]

Astounding and inspiring discussion Snr Rovelli. Thank you so much.

[@againgreatmaggara5586]

Very pleasant to watch and listen. Thank you Carlo Rovelli.

[@dom2dmountainvendigo366]

i found if hard to listen Q.Q

[@spankflaps1365]

See also BBC Red Dwarf “so what is it?”

[@HojoNorem]

"Okay, it's decided then. We consult Holly."

[@baldilocks01]

I don’t know. I’ve never seen one before. But I’m guessing it’s a white hole.

[@macgonzo]

​@@baldilocks01A **white** hole?

[@creativecomposites6193]

So what is it?

[@simoncurtis3779]

It's like a black hole but racist.

[@RFC3514]

I had no idea it was so dusty near black holes that you had to keep hoovering the spaceship.

[@mair85]

It's so beatiful! Bravo, maestro Roveli!

[@jeffjohnsen2510]

Brilliant lecture Carlo.

[@theoneunder]

I got a ton of extra understanding of the subject by him just using his hands. Lovely presentation.

[@ivocanevo]

Italians talk with their hands. As someone who grew up in Italy and loves physics, thank you for your comment. 😂

[@LuciFeric137]

Love professor Rovelli. Thank you.

[@bobbijokramm1976]

WOW....I NEVER KNEW this part and I like to say I try to stay in the astronomy loop....thank u very much for this💎

[@chrisdellaporta9732]

Wonderful lecture. Thank you

[@showmewhyiamwrong]

In University I was studying as a double major in Math and Physics but I found I needed to eat regular and I figured so would my future wife and children so I pursued a professional career in a different field. What I found as I progressed in my career was that if I approached an endeavour from the same prospective as my competitors my success rate would be average. Because they and I were all trained to look at the problems we would face in a particular fashion. So what I decided to do was to not look at the problems from the the normal set of rules exclusively, I would look at the issue as I knew my competitors would be doing, but I would always try to look at them from an entirely different and sometimes radical approach and see if that took me to the desired end. It didn't always work out but when it did the results achieved were sometimes far more efficient and personally satisfying. There are always alternative approaches to any problem and if you see a whole herd of anything banging their heads against a wall maybe you should look for a way around the wall, or over the wall, or under the wall, or avoiding the wall entirely especially if you are adverse to headaches.My alternative journey always begins with..."What If"

[@danielweston9188]

Exactly ! When almost through college I took a "summer" job and the department had a major process issue and my direct boss was tasked with providing an outline so everyone could get to work fixing it and told me to do a rough outline. As I had no experience with the system I approached it like a College Paper. I took everything home and when I turned in my outline on Monday I expected to hear a lot of criticism for going too far before I involled others. There was a history of how the company got there as well as pointing out the wrong decision 2 years earlier that moved them into this dead end process. I pointed out that any of the fixes purposed over the last year would still leave a system that wasn't scalable without additional fixes ($$$) over time. On Tuesday Afternoon they called a meeting and using blowup of my outline they explained that they were reversing the decision of two years earlier and immediately ( at a high cost) changing the system completely. It seems like the VP had opposed that decision at the time ( he wasn't VP at the time) and when showed the outline decided there was no reason to spend any time patching the system. I had a job . . . .

[@GavriilMichas]

This lecture is a classic! Professor Carlo Rovelli belongs to the Pantheon!

[@psyboyo]

The man is still alive, only six hours have past after the end of this lecture! Let's not entomb the man in a Pantheon just yet! :D

[@GavriilMichas]

My gratitude to the RI who brought this topic of white holes into the proper timeline. A courageous affirmation stands for the human scientific thought with a poetic breathing, as we reach the pilgrims of the unknown. I am still surprised by this lecture because I really expected to see this years later. Well, after the AARO new Director appointment, and I believe with a certain level of confidence, more studies for white holes research will emerge. Their critical mass eventually will foster the need for a new generation of instruments also for NASA. Humanity is ready to delve further to the knowledge of the 4th dimension.

[@senatorlainez]

Never seen a man in Tevas sandals captivate an audience at the RI quite like Dr. Rovelli there. GOAT.

[@TheMorpheuuus]

Great performance from Mr Rovelli 👍 that was an insightful and accessible mind travel into Black hole and White hole realms without a single equation!

[@tizwah]

I'd say we call our star ship "USS Vaccum Cleaner", since it is hoovering around the black hole.

[@gracemercy5825]

I give the USS VC a 1…but you made up for it with the Hoovering around the Black Hole for an overall score of 9 which is pretty impressive

[@tizwah]

@@gracemercy5825 thanks, much appreciated!!

[@duncanny5848]

This guy is one of the greatest at explaining high-order physics

[@michael-4k4000]

Are you being sarcastic?

[@LezMarwick]

That was excellent!

[@rappar9673]

Q&A for this one, please. ASAP!

[@WarrenPuffet]

This was rough to listen to on headphones, the mic settings and his dry mouth 😬

[@dreamingitself]

That's dedication to knowledge

[@TheMinceyboy55]

The struggle is real, many an interesting lecture ruined by clacking and other mouth noises.

[@dinosoeren]

I understand the Royal Institution must have a strict schedule but c'mon, let the man finish his final parting sentence! He's speaking physics as poetry let him cook.

[@MadScientist267]

Story time is great and all but none of this will ever affect mankind 🤣

[@fburton8]

@@MadScientist267And would it matter even if it did?!

[@MadScientist267]

@@fburton8 Methinks not. I can't see a way any of this will ever mean anything to any of us. Certain things are just out of reach, both physically and on any kind of "logistics" level. Working out what happens out there *might* reveal something abstract that can be used closer to home but I can't see it being used directly.

[@mr.dankman]

The sound of his black hole model sliding in and out absolutely shatters my nerves

[@evanstential]

I love how one blurry image circulates through the community!

[@louisgiokas2206]

Carlo is always good and insightful. Love his books, both his physics texts and his historical books.

[@erawanpencil]

Props to the mic guy, love how 90% of the audio is Carlo's breathing. Why not stick it halfway up his nostril next time? thanks

[@1112viggo]

To be fair to the sound guy its not his normal breathing you hear, it seems he has some sort of tick that makes him exhale very loudly through the nose for some reason. It looks to me like he does it when he struggles to find the word he´s looking for, where other people would usually make some equally annoying "eeehh" noise as a filler.

[@BlinkinFirefly]

You can adjust your sound settings you know, so that it's not as prominent. Also chill out. He's a human being. Humans breathe. Get out much?

[@ngsa9677]

Understood and enlightening

[@0.618-0]

Work of Art Carlo! Wonderful. Thanks.

[@josifekkunardi1086]

I sad to myself i would like see some good physics lecture. There it is. Lord Timekeeper Carlo Rovelli himself. Thank you for it.

[@AtamMardes]

"Religion began when the first scoundrel met the first fool." -- Voltaire

[@lowersaxon]

Indeed.

[@RicardoPenders]

Exactly what I was thinking but the way I was gonna make this point wouldn't be so nicely put into words so thanks for that.

[@Helios2007]

Time dilation taken to the absolute extreme. His "White Holes" book on the same subject is mind expanding, too. Genius.

[@toyodafamily2008]

Wow! Wonderful lecture. So very intellectually stimulating. Physics (human curiosity) is not dead !

[@surajgupta7888]

Sir Carlo Rovelli is also like Sir Richard Feynman, Nice Lecture by him✨

[@murkyseb]

That was really interesting

[@naturegoggle]

Awesome 👏👏👏

[@user-ju4bj6nv6z]

Спасибо, это гениально.Дали подсказку на давно беспокоящий вопрос, и ответ получен. Ещё раз спасибо! Представим что пространство не обладает локальностями, тем не менее оно наполнено средой, нет ещё цифры как отображение цикличности и запуска процесса движения в этой среде, что тогда? Вообще, очень интересная передача для анализа. Выходит, основа материальности движение, а Человек может приходить в любую материальную реальность. Поручается, Человек вне времени и у него есть философский взгляд на все процессы разом ( интересный расклад). Кризиса в физике просто нет, есть стереотипы восприятия окружающей реальности на основа старых представлений. В чём дело? Просто, как говорит Миша Хазин " Будь как Акын, что вижу о том и пою", анализ процессов изумительно удивит.

[@suryahitam3588]

Thank goodness for instantaneous trtranslation 😊!

[@user-ju4bj6nv6z]

Странно даже, что это кто то читает. Писал для себя, как говорится " Что написано пером, не вырубить топором", для дальнейшего анализа.@@suryahitam3588

[@unduloid]

"Imagine we're traveling toward a black hole." The way the state of the world is right now that's not so hard to imagine, really.

[@endlesswar7480]

I do like Rovelli's lectures. I'm not even physic student, but it is so good and interesting!

[@Stadtpark90]

This really gets better towards the middle and especially the end. 52:24 Science as Mind Travel 56:49 The point about changing perspective 57:39 What do we keep with us, and what do we leave behind when making the next jump (- leaving behind the stage of space and time).

[@ForbiddenMagic]

i feel like moreso than anything else i've seen here latetly that this is actual real science for scientists vs entertainment for kids ... more like this please d(^__^

[@MadScientist267]

All... for something... we not only don't actually know... But never will 🤦‍♂️

[@bostonmetalclips]

I want to listen to this so badly but my misophonia is overdrive. That microphone is picking up every individual tastebud.

[@devoncowell7169]

I literally went in to comments to say the same thing

[@kaelhooten8468]

Impossible to listen to

[@kevinbissinger]

All he has to do is take a sip of water!!!! UGHHHHHHHHH

[@WilsonNeverLies-mm4pd]

😖

[@nallebrean]

White hole with white noise

[@holyarchon9564]

His optimism is infectious! Crisis in Cosmology? No way! There is a lot more to be found out. I’m inspired to find something to keep humanity going!

[@BastilsBlather818]

The length of the well beneath the star may dictate the wavelengths able to escape. The longer and more thin says xray bands alone would be constant which also cancels attributes of light , blackened out or cancelled sources may be all that is able to be picked up. A better well theory which acknowledges this may be needed .the difference between a star or a black hole may be the choke point delivered by its wells ultimate depth. What a fun time to be science minded and a witness to such things as they develop clarity😊

[@syntheticsleep]

That was an absolutely fascinating lecture! With all the fake science stuff floating around on KZbin, I'm so glad we have channels like this one and World Science Festival (and a few others) to really promote and expand general scientific knowledge. Thanks for this lecture and for the many others I've watched!

[@Scottsyourdaddy]

He speaks like he knows, but what would happen to lights at the event horizon right in front of us

[@Scottsyourdaddy]

Could I stick my arm through

[@-AT-WALKER]

Add your Red Dwarf quotes below 👍

[@MrDazzlerdarren]

I came straight to the comments to see if anyone had quoted 😀

[@deltalima6703]

"Why does cats milk last so long?" "Because no bugger will drink it!"

[@WhiteHawk77]

So, what is it?

[@SageCog801-zl1ue]

Cat: "It's kinda blowy out there"

[@kael13]

Pretty good. A bit rambling at the end there but it’s definitely time for new ideas in physics.

[@CuRLyWuRLyGuRLy]

Beautiful

[@BadassRaiden]

I have a problem when any scientist talks about matters we do not fundamentally know, as if we do know. It really erks me when he said a little bit less than half way through, that all he had just described was based on stuff we know very very well. It's not. It's not even that we don't know a lot of it. Everything beyond the event horizon we know literally nothing. So the geometry inside we know literally nothing. Whether or not it has a singularity we know nothing. How objects behave inside, we know nothing. I think the most ludicrous thing he suggested is that we know instead of a singularity, it's actually just the collapsed star all ostensibly safe and sound, the same way it was the moment of collapse. This is most ludicrous because a, we fundamentally don't know, and b, there is absolutely no math that even remotely suggests that that matters from the collapsed star just stays the same, stays bound together, the same size it was the moment of collapse. If all of this is based on Einstein's theories and those mathematics, the math says it's not even possible for that matter to stay together. You get infinities when you do the math. When you calculate the density of an object massive enough to force a transformation into a black hole, the only thing that is ever on the other side of that equal sign is infinity. We don't know why that is. Most people say it's because there is something we are missing because we can't combine perfectly, relativity with QM. They say it's because we need a theory of everything. Personally I think QM and relativity are actually already the whole picture and they can't be put together in order to illuminate that which is still hidden to us by them remaining separate - because that which is still hidden is FUNDAMENTALLY unknowable. I think what happens inside a black hole, is fundamentally unknowable. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle says both the momentum and position of a system are unknowable fully simultaneously. Instead of having to specifically state momentum and position, I think it is reasonable enough to simply say that you cannot know all the information about a system at the same time. Now if we investigate further into the specifics of the principle, when we use examples, we realize something stranger that I honestly think most scientists don't fully come to terms with or they just disregard it at a relic of the mathematics. When you know the position of a particle, it's momentum ceases to exist. If you know the position, that means you have locked it down, into a single frame so to speak, like taking a slice out of time and defining its position as it is seen to be in that slice. But if you take a slice out of time, the object whose position you are defining stops moving through space, because you can't move through space without also moving through time, so if you have stopped moving through time you inexorably stop moving through space. If you aren't moving through space, you don't have momentum. That is just a physical fact of the universe. If you have stopped moving, there ceases to be information that defines your momentum that can then be used to calculate it. The information about your momentum literally, fundamentally, ceases to exist. Likewise when you try to define position when you have momentum, you ultimately fail because if something is continuously in motion it's position is always changing, and a single reference frame for it's position cannot be defined. The information itself does not exist because it has no position, only a change in position. You can define and calculate the change in its position, but not it's exact position. The only way you can do that is if you take a slice of time and say this is it's definitive position. But alas, as we just discussed, when you do that, the information about it's momentum ceases to exist. So what the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ultimately says is that you cannot fully know everything about a system because some of the information itself about that system, does not exist to be known. I believe this is why we will ultimately never know what happens inside a black hole. Sir Roger Penrose actually proved that Einstein's theory naturally, generically, lead to the creation of singularities in all solutions, which includes those pertaining to black holes. So again, at least as far as the math shows, singularities do exist at the center of black holes. Personally, I think the reason we get the information paradox, the reason we get infinities when we calculate the density of black holes, is because at the singularity, the spot where there is infinite density, there is a rip. This rip is a literal tear in spacetime, and on the other side of that rip is the Inflation field, the true vacuum from which our false vacuum universe inflated. This is why all the original information that false into a black hole literally ceases to exist in our universe, because it is dragged outside of it and spit into the inflaton field where i cant even begin to contemplate what happens to it. I also think that the reason this hole, on the other side of which is a true vacuum, doesn't instantly grow the moment it's created and lead to vacuum decay is the immense gravity that's keeping it confined. Which is paradoxical because it is the immense gravity that creates the rip in the first place. Then as the black hole evaporates, the density stays infinite until the finale moment of evaporation, and then when it disappears and the immense gravity lets up - since it was gravity thst both created the hole and kept it from getting bigger - the tear in spacetime simply seals shut.

[@gregevigan]

"So, what is it?"

[@garethbarnett6389]

I've never seen one before, no one has.

[@MadScientist267]

We never will.

[@sarcasmo57]

That was so great. Might have to listen to it again.

[@MichaelOfTroyWasHere]

Hard to listen due to the mic picking up tons of extra noise. (Plastic scratching, fabric rustling, air/wind/breathing whooshes.

[@hochathanfire0001]

FINALLY, A White Hole standalone or so I believed 😂. Kind of a cornucopia of the edge of Physics.

[@jamesrobinson9176]

Omg the sound is terrible. Can't possibly concentrate on what's being said

[@dimitrispapadimitriou5622]

???

[@MadScientist267]

Sounds like a you problem. There's nothing wrong with the audio. Imagine being able to pay attention to the actual content instead of being obsessed with hearing mouth sounds.

[@matthewmoon2463]

There's a subtle concept that he sort of missed in his explanation of the ship slowing down as it approached the black hole, although perhaps not too important just to make his point. Yes, you can explain it as time dilation, as he says, but the interesting question is why are we seeing the ship's apparent "movement "slowing, something that we would NOT see if the same ship were accelerating toward the speed of light using its own engines cutting across our field of view. In the black hole example, we are talking about gravitational time dilation. In the second example we're talking about relativistic (kinematic) time dilation. In the black hole example, it would appear as though time is passing more slowly for the ship as it approaches the event horizon. The ship would seem to slow down and never quite reach the event horizon, effectively appearing to 'freeze' due to the extreme time dilation effects at this boundary. In the example where the ship is accelerating under its own power, the situation is different. Special relativity, which governs this scenario, dictates that time dilation would occur relative to the ship's frame of reference. To an observer on board the ship, time would seem to pass normally. However, from the perspective of an external observer (such as someone watching the ship fly by), the ship would not appear to slow down. Instead, it would be seen moving at high speeds, as expected. The time dilation in this case affects measurements of time and length within the ship's frame of reference, not the speed at which the ship is observed to move.

[@K.M.I]

Well, there is so much information about black holes and the principles of quanization of space and the application of the theory to these objects, but I have never heard of the hypothesis regarding black matter and old slatted white holes, which are the source of gravity in galaxies.

[@eroraf8637]

He lost me when he started speculating about dark matter being Planck-mass white holes. A black hole that size would evaporate in fractions of a second.

[@ivocanevo]

Yeah I can't square that part either.

[@0.618-0]

It seems the analogy is that DM is planck mass WH out of a BH, much like a photon is a particle out of an electron quantum leap....following along his mind travels...so Carlo is working on an experiment to detect this. Interesting question to answer.Where does an Electron go in between Quantum Leaps. The White Hole is that type of phenomenon

[@dimitrispapadimitriou5622]

In his "remnant/ white hole" model, the evaporation slows down near the end and then it takes a really long time for that remnant to disappear.

[@0.618-0]

@@dimitrispapadimitriou5622 So does DM appear before Barionic matter or after....the egg or the chicken....or does DM appear at the Galactic edge by virtue of going through and beyond a Black Hole , coming out as a White Hole through an entangled wormhole from a BH..... interesting concept though....the proof is in the pudding

[@psyboyo]

We use the word evaporate, but remember that, nothing evaporates into nothing. A black hole evaporates into something.

[@phillustrator]

I really get tired by people proselytizing their culture in an unrelated setting. Dante this, Dante that. Dude, just get to the point.

[@dongonzulman6478]

That was fascinating. I hope he gets his detector!

[@hhopper8121]

Great video, but at the 25:45 mark you say we get to the “individual grains of space”. Maybe I’m missing something but if the general understanding of what is meant by ‘space’ is that it describes an area or place that it is empty, I do not understand what is meant by ‘individual grains of space’. Can you please explain? Thanks.

[@davidchalmers404]

Fantastic! My reflections are: 1. General relativity tells us that the experience of time is entirely relative. 2. Quantum theory tells us that our experience of matter is also relative. 3. Some theories suggest that the force of gravity appears weak because it is mediated across many dimensions. 4. Imagining that the universe is, to all intents and purposes, eternal and self-regenerating, could “dark matter” therefore simply be the legacy gravitational signal of matter which has since “transcended” to another dimension via black ->> white holes?

[@someoneinmyhead]

Nice talk, some dots didn't connect for me in detail but that's a popular science version for mere mortals like us

[@lowersaxon]

Good idea, the detector machine. There are so many things flying by and we dont know, unfortunately.

[@alphabeta448]

Please give us the Q&A session

[@massimodtx6547]

Magistrale Carlo

[@arun3000ad]

Great ASMR presentation :P

[@makageorge]

“So what is it?” 😂 Jokes aside this was really interesting… although I excepted it to “spew” matter and time back into the universe…

[@damirbarkod8851]

Rovelli is not actually describing a black hole but a cyclical model of the universe in its contraction phase. It describes how the contraction of the universe turns into an expansion.

[@consentofthegoverned5145]

My understanding is the light is not "bending", it is travelling in a straight line through curved space-time.

[@ugiswrong]

Some white holes I know made an excellent thanksgiving dinner AND cleaned afterwards while we watched football

[@signatron1438]

Love your explanations thank you for making it accessable to a broader audience. One tiny bit at 6:45 u say the orbit of the Moon is bigger than the Sun is that really true?

[@imsorryyourewelcome]

"American Pie is finished; Congo is most prosperous; there's peace on Earth, everybody is loving everybody-" we have VERY similar visions of the future.

[@palbi]

I'm sure he knows much more than me, but one small semantic correction: when you experience time dilation with the messages near the black hole mass, you are not seeing the future, you are travelling relatively slower through time. You are always in the present and feel normal, but when you return to earth many thousands of years will have passed more than according to your frame of reference.

[@Centurianarv]

Very intuitive 🙂

[@piscialassini]

Professore lei è unico! È evidente la fatica che fa per "dumb it down for us"! Immagino sia come un padre che spiega analisi matematica a un bambino di 5 mesi...

[@findyourlevel9601]

If you measure anything with a quantized tool (math) your outcome will naturally be quantized. What if there is a type of math that isn't quantized? What if there is a seemless, gapless, whole stream used to measure? Afterall , numbers have spaces without function between them 1gap2gap3gap etc.

[@aaronperelmuter8433]

There’s this brilliant new age theory about something called fractions and decimals. It’s crazy, I know, but this theory posits that there’s actually something BETWEEN integers, can you believe it?! 😱 What will they think of next?

[@findyourlevel9601]

Yes, and there are gaps between the integers and fractions etc, no matter how small you slice it Thats why numbers are quantized. Open your preception of reality a bit more and see if you can come up with something different.

[@--JYM-Rescuing-SS-Minnow]

very interesting. Cosmology is soo beyond the relm of Human Power & Ability! beam us up Scotty! love those fancy shoes!