Physics in the Dark: Searching for Missing Matter

If you believe the world’s leading physicists, the vast majority of matter in the universe is hiding in plain sight. For nearly a century, evidence has mounted that the gravitational pull necessary to keep clusters of galaxies intact, as well as stars within galaxies from flying apart, requires far more matter than we can see-matter, according to the experts, that has eluded our telescopes, because it does not give off light. Problem is, such “dark matter” has also eluded one specially designed detector after another that researchers have deployed to catch it. Which raises the big question: What if we have failed to find dark matter because it isn’t there? Join leading physicists on a scientific treasure hunt that has proved more challenging than anyone expected, and may ultimately require rethinking some of our most fundamental ideas about the universe.
This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION.
PARTICIPANTS: Mariangela Lisanti, Joseph Silk, Erik Verlinde, and Risa Wechsler
MODERATOR: Brian Greene
TOPICS
00:00 - Introduction to dark matter
10:55 - Panelist introductions
12:28 - How do we explain motion in the universe?
16:35 - Is the “dark stuff” ordinary matter?
22:43 - Supersymmetric particles
30:06 - Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
33:14 - Searchng for WIMP dark matter
37:25 - What is the role of dark matter in the structure of the universe?
43:23 - Cold vs warm dark matter
46:54 - The “dark sector” possibility
52:56 - Expanding our understanding of gravity and thermodynamics
1:01:34 - Is there a connection between dark energy and dark matter?
1:07:36 - Why do galaxies rotate?
1:14:25 - Future predictions for the discovery of dark matter
PROGRAM CREDITS
- Produced by Laura Dattaro
- Associate Produced by Peter Goldberg
- Music provided by APM
- Additional images and footage provided by: The Dark Energy Survey, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Recorded at the Gerald W. Lynch Theatre at John Jay College
MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND
PARTICIPANTS: www.worldsciencefestival.com/...
- SUBSCRIBE to our KZbin Channel and "ring the bell" for all the latest videos from WSF
- VISIT our Website: www.worldsciencefestival.com
- LIKE us on Facebook: / worldsciencefestival
- FOLLOW us on Twitter: / worldscifest

[@erichodge567]

Brian Greene is the best physics panel moderator because he's an accomplished physicist. Many times I have seen him gently bring a bickering panel of scientists back to the topic at hand, which is only possible if you understand the topic at hand.

[@charliepershall5956]

Atheists And God Worshipers Live In Deceit Truth Is Existence Truth is All That Truly Exists. Other Than Truth there is Just The understood Concept of An Absence. Lies with intent to deceive or not is fantasy. Lies remain in the nonexistent realm. The Great Designer and Creator, Matter, Knowledge, Energy, Time and Space Has Always Existed. All Without Beginning or end. Beginning and End only reveals an absence. Creation is only the rearrangement of Matter. As Existence and Matter does not evolve from nothing. Spirit Is The Highest Energy Source. Gods Are Imaginary Personages Of Worship, Gods are Fantasy! Gods are not creators. There are Hundreds of Gods that the human has worshipped. The Great Creator is far more Massive and complex than the God worshipers realize and understand. The Great Creator is not a being somewhere in space. The Great Creator is a huge mass of spirits in perfect unity. And with the same care for each another. Words to the honest and wise: honesty and understanding is the only true belief. Without honesty and understanding we do not know what to believe. To accept other’s opinion of the truth without proving it to yourself; it is being deceived it is not believing. We must understand to believe. Until Next time: Sweet Dreams: Truth will solve all our problems before we create them; and ignore or reject the truth; problems will multiply all by themselves; those problems will need no help. Have a great and a meaningful life if it is at all possible. Just whispers, of the Spirit of Reality.

[@jaymxu]

Whenever i click a random video about Physics or Space and stuff like that, and i see a stage, chairs, and then Brian Greene i get really excited and happy. I love these shows and i can't wait to watch all of these, i hope these come more often and go on for way much longer!

[@salijabitic200]

Perhaps you should read my opinion I wrote on the other KZbin dark matter black mass , if your interested in dark matter , my version might make you think , it’s just an opinion but you might think about things differently... Black mass is seeping into our atmosphere already ..

[@Skungenify]

@@salijabitic200 ?????

[@G4mer_D4d]

I love this panel style of explaining theories... If you just watch one person being interviewed, or a documentary of like minded scientists, they often say something like, "This is how we know that is, or is not the case... and that is the way it is". This way you see the emotion involved in the theories and there are other views and it's all incomplete. Much more informative in an important way.

[@muciiiciciciciic]

Brian is so GOOD at this! Everytime something is going over my head, Brian steps in and slows it down or makes a summary of the discussion. It’s almost scary how important he is for the event🥺

[@Rockerzbd]

exactly

[@jerrygundecker743]

Okay, no one leaves the auditorium until we get that missing matter back. Everyone, empty your pockets.

[@stevelenores5637]

"Get Smart" on dark matter, "We missed it by that much."

[@tomkamikaze]

The moment I heard Verlinde explain his ideas, I got this feeling he is on the right path

[@rockhellwnas]

It sounds pretty logical to me when he says that it doesn't feel right to use a constant to describe 70% of the universe, when we have done so much analysis on the 5%.

[@craigwall9536]

They always seem to put the guy with the most juice in the chair farthest from Brian. That way when he or she speaks, everyone else is between them and Brian. I don't think it's a coincidence- so the seating assignment is a clue as to who is batting clean-up.

[@vj.joseph]

This is how real scientists debate real theories. Also, good to see Brian, leading the debate too. Top notch.

[@unitedspacepirates9075]

Not so easy for nonsapiens, so please consider this... Spacial distortion bending the path of light, also distorts the frequency of light emitted from super heavy distant galaxies. Gravity from distant galaxies has a redshift effect on the frequency of light they emit in the same way that gravity can bend the path of light from a light source behind the gravitational field. Dark energy is an illusion caused by a spacial distortion caused by the gravitational fields of the distant galaxies emitting the light. Hence no cosmic acceleration, no dark energy causing acceleration, no unaccounted for dark matter, and certainly, no big bang. This universe is eternal, without beginning or ending. Cosmic background microwaves are but distant galaxies who's light has been gravitationally distorted beyond your visible spectrum. Galaxies continually exchange and recycle energy and birth new stars out of old dead ones for ever and ever. How do you think light escapes super heavy distant galaxies with its frequency visually unaffected by spacial distortions? Someday sapien's evolutionary decendents might survive travel to distant galaxies and discover the return trip doesn't take require extra travel time, as no acceleration is actually occuring.

[@craigwall9536]

@@unitedspacepirates9075 Wow. Someone should put _you_ in charge...

[@bradstewart8663]

I have watched every video that WSF has put out. Love it. Thank you.

[@uapnz0698]

Me too. They are really brilliant videos.

[@akshayak435]

Then solve dark matter

[@ARSHDEEP-bx2sj]

Gudd for yaa

[@Rastamanas]

It's addiction!!

[@deeprecce9852]

Personally i huge respect for Dr Erik and his work...hope he can lead us out of the woods with your theories in regards to DM...

[@atomasvictory7636]

Yep. He's way ahead of most. His focus is on the whole rather than the parts. The elephant in the room is Consciousness.

[@jimsteen911]

I don't like DM, at least in the way its been conceptualized, and I like alternative views as well as Erik's. But his theory has many problems and is most likely wrong. It's crazy to me how DM as a particle is either totally wrong or of an energy scale that we can never achieve yet no one will quite admit it BC they want more funding. And so the charade continues at the neglect of more important studies where all this funding could be routed. The DM issue Is so complex. They find Galaxy after Galaxy where there isn't any DM at all. But it's also very conceivable that it+' mass is too large for us to recreate. I think our understanding of gravity at large scales is incomplete.. I sure brought a different point of view didn't I? No one spoke of these ideas before me! N

[@SerDunk]

Glad i found this channel. New subscriber! Love these kinds of talks. Also Brian Greene is a great host.

[@Sam2You]

The analogy at the beginning is incredible!

[@AshishChauhanYoungy]

Thanks Dr. Green and others for putting this great discussion. I never formally studied physics after 10th standard however, I've been following the theories and concepts continuously for last 3 years online and trying to train myself whatever a little I can. (I first got interested after I read A Brief History of Time) I want to know as the physics unfolds itself upon us in my lifetime.

[@nikhildeshmukh6851]

🤗👍

[@bobbone8029]

Great video, but now i already officially watched all of the physics videos on KZbin! Lol! Thanks for keeping me up to date!

[@singaniphiri3879]

seriously only then....i started a long time ago mate

[@leocalado2292]

@@bobbone8029 fffffb u😊b😊 buuut i😊jnb

[@LesusGames]

Been binge watching these videos while in lock down. Fascinating stuff.

[@dogsbollox4335]

I talk a long walk yesterday with the dog thinking about whether dark matter is a invisible vibration for a world for spirits 🤔

[@quantumrobin4627]

I started binging physics lectures a few years ago, I work construction and listen while I work, I’m not an expert by any means but I did have an basic understanding of relativity and the standard model before I started but I can’t tell you how incredibly awesome this stuff gets, keep on binging man, you won’t regret it.

[@mindstorms44]

I cant get enough of this stuff.

[@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668]

me nither

[@batmanarkham5120]

So basically "this stuff" is "dark matter" for you.. You can't get enough of this stuff, while, scientists can't get enough of dark matter

[@semmering1]

Extremly good channel. Thank you so much for sharing this! Best regards from Vienna!

[@Fanguru666]

4552

[@PlanetXMysteries-pj9nm]

I was born with many difficulties in my life. Although I am not fully educated, I have a strong love for science and the universe. Thank you for bringing it to me. Love you

[@TropicalCoder]

Really excellent moderation allowed an equal taste of all these different theories trying to account for one of the greatest mysteries of our times. As an aside, perhaps one day these brilliant minds will come up with an explanation of where socks go when we put them in the dryer. We know there is a basic symmetry to socks - they always come in pairs. Yet when they come out of the dryer there is always an odd one, breaking the symmetry. Energy must be involved in breaking the covalent bond between the pairs of socks, and we know the heat in the dryer must play a part. This also has implications involving information theory and entropy. Perhaps the answer lies somewhere at the intersection of supersymmetry and string theory.

[@Just.A.T-Rex]

This has been tested. If you put them in the dryer all together in one mesh laundry bag they found you never lose any! Also if you were to check the grommet around the dryer and even sometimes the washer you may a couple. But they never truly disappear just collect in a tough to find spot or you never actually put them in but thought you did.

[@mrssauce7268]

Ok the reality with socks is your miss• organization of your dirty clothes is causing the line sock. Put that to youryheory

[@KieranGarland]

Great discussion, thanks for sharing.

[@SteveJian]

It is fair to say that coordinating these mighty brains in a panel discussion is not an easy task.

[@Rockerzbd]

I can listen to this kind of discussion all-day long

[@esaumolina7019]

It’s just beautiful listening to this beautiful minds It gives me a sense of grandiosity Knowing that I am part of this immense riddle

[@RanjakarPatel]

No good four liar my dear. I know you try you’re best you’re branes but no good four liar

[@cloudstrife4860]

Thank you for the full version. I like both, the clips and the full version.

[@lowhertzhighspl]

Where's the clips?

[@petetap4255]

Beautifully put together ,well explained and buoyant throughout. Lovely presentation.

[@donswork3059]

Great panel and great discussion!

[@ggeraacevessilva5402]

Brian has to do more of this we love you.

[@TheresaCoughy]

Another excellent discussion! thank you Brian 👏

[@WouterEijgelsheim]

Bhadra zboe

[@marthareal8398]

Most interesting view, your guests were diplomatic and informative. They defended their position but also allowed for the possibility of being wrong. Very smart. Personally, I gained insight into what my thoughts could be. I am a layperson, I know no formulas except that I exist in this beautiful world that we should protect and get to know in a more personal way. Thank you Dr. Greene

[@michaelflowers5712]

Loved this one! Thank-You to all involved!

[@tobiaswilhelmi4819]

A very sophisticated and respectful discussion. Thank you very much for that.

[@stevelenores5637]

Especially since Neil deGrasse wasn't sitting there. Mr. "Dark Matter isn't Matter". There is only matter and and energy in this universe.

[@craigwall9536]

@@stevelenores5637 _And?_

[@stevelenores5637]

@@craigwall9536 I didn't know a conjunction was a question. I guess my grammar book is out of date. Perhaps 'and?' replaces the eternal 'why?' of a young child. My statement is complete. Your inability to comprehend it is your problem.

[@craigwall9536]

@@stevelenores5637 AND means you've got _nothing._ You obviously can't extend your comment to anything meaningful. Which is pretty damned _lame,_ since it's obvious that "Dark Matter" is a repeat of "Luminiferous Ether", meaning they've gone down the wrong "common sense" path and got their heads into a funnel. Gamow et al figured this out in the 1950's and pointed out that the galactic milieu is _viscous;_ since then the viscosity has been attributed to Baryonic Virtual Quantum interactions. There ain't no "missing matter", dark or otherwise. They've simply mistaken viscosity for gravity.

[@stevelenores5637]

@@craigwall9536 It means no such thing. What you are telling me is I'm not allowed to have my own observations. I'm not allowed to see what I saw and heard, and then imply my understanding of what was missing. "AND" is simply rude and dismissive. Appealing to authority will not bail you out. What I said was accurate. Prove Neil deGrasse didn't make the claim I stated at first. I made no comment on Gamow. You are simply deflecting.

[@AS-fu1kd]

Brian Greene will always be one of my favorite minds

[@sjaaheimvideo2964]

His teaching & facilitating style certainly scaffolds to help explain quantum & physics understandably.

[@swastijain3545]

nothing could be more explicit!! thank you WSF! :-)

[@asheshkafle4984]

This is probably the best video of WSF, loved it ❤️

[@jeremymather392]

Thank you for the mention of Vera Rubin. :)

[@beauforda.stenberg1280]

I read her Wikipedia article as a result of her mention in this program. It sounds like she was done out of the Nobel prize and this is the view of a number of her contemporaries and subsequent members of related disciplines to Cosmology. She had four children as well and did much work from home. A true trailblazer of women's equality.

[@StuMas]

*It seems to me that, detecting dark-matter would be similar to, actors in a movie detecting the cinema screen they’re being projected onto*

[@StuMas]

@Stevo Devo Good try but, you know I mean from within the film.

[@thatonekid6677]

that's a good way to put it! logically, the actors know the cinema screen will be somewhere, eventually. but there's no way for them to know or see where or when that will be, same as us trying to find 'dark' matter and energy

[@jmachorrov]

Gracias... to see and re-see alway finding knolege.... your work Brian is very important to me and many persons to know more...

[@John_Mack]

What I love about science... notice, people with a different point a view and they are not yelling or trying to shoot each other... This is so much better then "other" discussions such as politics and religion...

[@mgildersleeve]

I’ve never heard anybody talking about what if there were lots of big bangs, and they are like bubbles in a bubble bath. Wouldn’t they pull on each other and cause this kind of acceleration? We can’t see our entire universe (our local big bang , so we wouldn’t be able to see any of the others. They could have happened all at once, for anybody knows.

[@rvdberg2272]

I think Max-Tegmark and / or Sean Carroll.

[@jessgarza88]

Thank you for doing this Dr. Greene

[@beclear2473]

New to this. Stunning that the earth, planets and stars are held in fixed positions, floating about in this dark stuff that no one can figure out. Amazing.

[@joeharmon3301]

This moderator is the best moderator in any field I have ever seen. Well done!

[@richie1326]

Great talk, really enjoyed that. And, I think very well moderated by BG, who kept everything going and interesting. I think Erik Verlinde is a man to take notice of. I was a little puzzled that the intro notes made no reference to the fact that this talk was filmed on the anniversary of the solar eclipse of 29th May, 1919, as observed by Sir Arthur Eddington and colleague, which was very significant, because it was the first observational proof of the validity of Einstein’s theory of GR. Brian Greene did allude to this in his opening introduction, but some people may have wondered what he was referring to, and when this talk was filmed.

[@timewalker6654]

he did mention the eclipse in this video.

[@AryanBenita]

richie1326 thanks

[@sekoivu]

That was interesting discussion, thanks Greene and all. There's very good material in net and youtube today. Been watching these vids and studying some physics recently. Couldn't fit all sort of topics which interested me into my degree when I was in university; so now I'm filling those bkind spots.

[@JohnAPerazzo]

Thank you, one and all. Revisiting this topic on the birth of the James Webb Space Telescope. Thinking at least two of the four presenters will have time to collect data for their theory there.

[@cosicave5179]

Superb! Every speaker was focussed and made clear points in a concise way. Most unusual. -Even at this level, there's usually one that gets away! 👻

[@weejingtee5518]

Great talk! Many thanks! Inspiration from this talk... Hyphothesis E: If Spirits exit, thus Spiritual Realms (where Supernatural Beings live) also exit. Thus, by proving higher dimensional hyperspace exits via String Theory (and dark matter/dark universe, possible evidence could be detected using collision of higher dimensional frequencies), human beings can then deduce/induce that "we are not alone in this universe/multiverses".

[@fitforever9328]

All ears 👂

[@letitsnow8518]

Brian, great work in moderating the discussion! 👍

[@owaisahmad7841]

Incredibly enlightening discussion involving researchers at the bleeding edge. Fascinating. World science festival has quickly become my favourite channel. Thank you all of you who are involved in this work.

[@annabeatasohalmy9612]

Drága szerelmem, David! Sosem lehetek elég hálás, hogy szeretsz. Örökké szeretni foglak míg élek, huseggel. Szeretlek.

[@shafiulismam5334]

I enjoyed this! I m gonna follow the individuals, their work.

[@leftylane4576]

Don't just give thanks to the great story teller, Brian Greene, but to the real people that play a role in his story... ❤❤❤

[@anuragmandal3886]

Yeah, but Greene is a physicist himself at Columbia , so he too has played a major role in string theory

[@nicholashylton6857]

An excellent talk! It's nice to hear about a few new thoughts on the matter (no pun intended.)

[@jaymxu]

My friend you are in a place on youtube where people understand you even if you don't point out your joke you know... hehe

[@markdavich5829]

This is probably my third or fourth panel/lecture with Erik Verlinde and I finally understand what he's talking about.

[@mikem.s.1183]

Yes, and after years at it he still isn't close to propose a new framework or theory. We'll see.

[@pilotactor777]

Great discussion . Great panel. Thanks doc.

[@hmdshokri]

32:22 nice anime ears!

[@TheIranicHumanism]

Thanks for your efforts. Is it possible that the texture of space and time is the same as the Dark Matter or at least a function of it?

[@kiwikevnz]

Always Awesome, Always Appreciated. ;) Thank You, Cheers Kev.

[@hadrian9288]

Thank you for this amazing content

[@jasminekovach1724]

I seriously love everything about Brian Greene!!

[@tracyraven7444]

He's got a great voice

[@bernieflanders8822]

All of his books are fantastic. I regularly re-read them.

[@shondra4663]

I love his undershirt

[@bartsonson]

Damn those three got schooled by the dutchman. His theory seems much more plausible than looking for "dark stuff"

[@craigwall9536]

I agree. I also happen to suspect that modern cosmologists have neglected the earlier discussions of viscosity when finding the galactic rotation acts like a nearly solid disk. George Gamow was pointing this out back in the 30's. I guess they don't appreciate the difference between gases and particulates.

[@jeffreygreen7860]

WSF presents wonderful discussions and are addictive too. I end up wanting to watch one after the other. I presently constrain myself to just one a day, like a vitamin.

[@barrywhite9114]

Particularly Enlightening! Thanks

[@kzakaria91]

i love that they got bernie sanders to join in the discussion

[@xxnotmuchxx]

He is a zionist.

[@78Gdam]

rofl

[@ISILENTNINJAI]

Hahaha glad I'm not the only one who tought that.

[@lester8430]

Summary: "We still haven't found shit."

[@stevemacbr]

The 'simili' is,... it's like peas in pea-soup. (or Ice in water) - What CERN and the participants are negating is,... that, instead of bombarding atoms to try and find the - ever decreasing - 'fundamental particle',... they should realise in the micro as in the macro of 'SPACE',... in which the 'electron' orbits the 'nucleus' that which they 'seek' is, - this universal fluid - in which everything is both immersed in, and made of,... and which matter and gravity are but the 'effects' of it's combinations. . .

[@roddneyfett444]

That is because we need to consider the geometry of mass and how it changes shape from spherical to a disc resulting in a 1/r gravitational force equation.

[@letitsnow8518]

Thank you, Dr. Brian Greene👍

[@Lovelights11]

If you can remain in the middle then we know total peace, all-knowingness, and the epitome of simplicity. Always was is now and will never end. Great Stuff, Thank you

[@Abd45882]

World science festival is a great platform to understand a lot of things about science. I think Dr Green is one finest speakers and he explains everything in simple language so those who didn't have much exposure in science can understand the principles and core idea of discussion very well. Thank you for having such a website and discussion. It will attract more people to learn science and start thinking logically about the universe.

[@kameronbriggs235]

I cant wait until i have the spare time to learn everything to be a physicist, and then try my hand at theoretical physics.

[@dinaray2025]

Truly learn maths

[@kameronbriggs235]

@@dinaray2025 im a graphics software engineer. I hear its kinda popular among some physicists as a way to apply their math knowledge.

[@kameronbriggs235]

@Vendicar Kahn studying other math heavy fields in computer science.

[@pwcrabb5766]

Such a marvelous presenter and coordinator is Dr. Greene

[@bigm186]

water tension and gravity tension sounds good and may work the same way the two also make waves

[@Vikash137]

Home boi BG laying the smackdown on what we don't know about the things we do know

[@kevinlasher2812]

It's kind of amazing that the further away one looks, the further back in time they can see. The past is flinging itself at us at the speed of light.

[@danjohn5102]

Crazy isn't it?! So it means we don't actually know what the galaxy/universe looks like right now for all we know there could have been a huge universal catastrophe and the majority of the universe as exploded but we have no idea because none of the light, matter or material has reached us yet 😂

[@paulbk7810]

Excellent. Good job all.

[@whithaw]

Great video, truly great. I am skeptical about dark anything, not convinced at all, despite the seemingly abundant circumstantial evidence.... But so educational....

[@bipolarminddroppings]

The gravity certainly exists, what creates it is unknown. Same with dark energy, the universe is definitely expanding faster over time, we just dont know why. The evidence is far beyond circumstantial.

[@craigwall9536]

@@bipolarminddroppings And *I* think you have completely bought into the prime error- just as people were once absolutely convinced that the luminiferous ether HAD to exist. The evidence for it was also once "far beyond circumstantial".

[@nothingtoxicated5937]

Excellent understanding of ERICK IDEAS 🤣🤣🤣😀

[@MrWeareone777]

I see Brian Greene and immediately give a thumbs up 👍

[@ahmadramizrahimi2720]

8k88k9k888k9.8k8.

[@MaghrebProductions]

Brian Greene is the best!

[@kimhawes624]

The graph & discussion at about 1:08 showing a possible link between dark matter and dark energy is especially intriguing. Has there been any further investigation?

[@zoejones7505]

i always love to see when women are on the panel as a young woman its very inspiring. love how inclusive these always are!! thanks Brian

[@DoraDuncan]

👍🏻 for the panelists

[@Slimm2240]

Was hoping for Leonard Susskind to be up there

[@phoule76]

it's more likely to get Leonard Nimoy

[@Slimm2240]

@@phoule76 lol

[@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668]

i saw a video of him on entanglement that is done in a wrong way, matter entangles from north to south as seen in ALTON HARP INTRINSIC RED SHIEFT as well in the video THE FLOWER OF LIFE OR DNA DECODED Alton shows the MACRO mine is MICRO and is DNA,

[@lancetschirhart7676]

@@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668 His name is Halton Arp, not Alton Harp, and you shouldn't get dragged into the youtube crowd inflating his ideas beyond what is reasonable

[@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668]

@@lancetschirhart7676 THANX a lot LANCE for correcting me I am realy bad in spell but I think now I am better than before started readdyng peoples coments, HALTON ARP is been of so much help to understand better my universe in the video HALTON ARP INTRINSIC RED SHIEFT where at first I wonder or though of ENTANGLEMENT AT ALL SCALES that is a video in you tube and the entanglement is done all around in 4 orbits if not broken light and 8 if light is broken, in the video of HALTON ARP you can see how 2 pairs of quasars are entangled to a galaxie, there are too systems with many pairs of quasars relating to a claster of galaxies that to is ENTANGLEMENT in it found that south side brakes more than north cause south side always opposes more resistanse and are the rocky ones the north side are the gaseous so north is positive and south is negative they are 2 one another in pair cross section. Here I new of the 7steps in wave lenghth that to me is the order of the universe that is like a rainbow araingement that fits the TZOLKIN Mayan Calender as orbits that to me are herts but some times seem like matter and any thing you wat to know in physics might be there.

[@roselightinstorms727]

The universe is mostly dark. But we are in the time when we can see the light before it’s too late now,❤

[@DrakulaKastil]

jthank you amazing channel i love this ♡♥

[@brett_kendrick82]

What makes us think that we could possibly see every little thing out in an infinite universe to claim there may be dark matter or dark energy. I just think there's way to many other planets, blackhokes, stars etc that we haven't seen or found yet. That would make more sense then just guessing up a new force.

[@Deathtobunny1]

that doesn't work, there's so much dark matter that we would've seen them if it were just other celestial bodies.

[@timewalker6654]

Alright, none of these people are able to find dark matter stone for me. I WILL DO IT MYSELF.

[@Slimm2240]

If people in the comments band together we can all come up with a grand theory for dark matter lol

[@boomclashgamer7444]

@@Slimm2240 maybe there is nothing like dark matter

[@Tristan-om2ff]

Anniversary of my grandfather's passing away? What could be more important than this

[@alejandroesteves8903]

I said that the development of all these approaches will contribute to the big picture, all these theories must be founded.

[@ThePetCafeLady]

Brian Greene!!! 🙌

[@willmpet]

I've spent so much time today listening to the impeachment inquiry and testimony, I would much rather use my time on this!

[@MendTheWorld]

William Peterson Perhaps so... but the concept of there being a _single_ external objective reality that we all share _ought_ to be a fundamental underlying principle of _all_ facets of life, not just science. and now even science has become corrupted by the intrusion of politics in areas such as Anthropogenic Global Warming Denialism. It is important to show the concept of objective reality being applied successfully in scientific research, and the same concept ought to be applied in politics, journalism, the rule of law, and in the study of history, for example. This should be part of our standard education system. The recent trend toward relativism, obfuscation, conspiracy theories, and outright serial lying poses an existential threat to the stability of our society. This danger should be apparent to _everyone_ not just those who seem superficially to benefit from it in the short-term. Science can serve as an example that multiple realities, if they exist at all, may only be relevant at Quantum scale, and should not be invoked in a cynical political strategy intended to promote confusion and divergence of "worldviews" within our culture.

[@1SpudderR]

MendTheWorld Hmm.....Trillions Of visible, invisible layers of stuff? With trillions of trillions of Connectivity? There is no difference between any layer of stuff! And-Just paid experts? Giving an opinion, of where the Tree is rooted. By the roots in the ground or rooted by the branches in the invisible ether! There is something quite dramatic that being in the rut of a percentage of 5% Known, drawing conclusions about the 100% Unknown unknowables Which seems archaic! The impeachment inquiry and Dark Stuff are the same thing, it is Incomplete Understanding Of Anything.....So it does not matter what you watch, it is watching You anyway, by hook or by crook!

[@Parpl22]

Impeachment still going on today :(

[@1SpudderR]

C Apt Hmm...Impeachment ..A USA style of Brexit....But going on in USA Continent? Disney will bring out a movie of it and Make Billions Of $$$$s

[@rakeshvarma4695]

Brilliant at all levels.

[@albi307]

I still have issues comprehending these talks, even after watching hundreds of hours of discussions.

[@lucyfrye5365]

One of the better WSF talks. thank you.

[@TropicalCoder]

When accounting for the anomalous orbital velocities of stars in a galaxy it seems some deeper theory of gravity could account for these unexpected orbital velocities just as well as proposing the existence of dark matter. However, orbital velocities of stars in a galaxy are not the only indications we have for the existence of dark matter. Sometimes when galaxies collide, they leave their dark matter behind. We can detect this dark matter via gravitational lensing. I think a purely gravitational explanation, as opposed to the assumed existence of dark matter, would struggle to explain how there can be what appears to be a big clump of invisible matter completely detached from the debris of the collision. I wish the theoretician was asked about this. Seems it would have been an obvious question to ask.

[@ikaeksen]

It might be that dark matter raises the "heavyness" of the outer most stars, by filling up those stars with particles, that can use the same space as other particles/atoms in those suns, (being in a different dimension sort of), molecules inside so to be more heavy than we see/think them as, and by being heavier, they keep a boundary so that they cant looose "attachment" to the galaxy. Unless another galaxy closes in on our and upset the applecart ;) (newton's applecart)

[@TropicalCoder]

@@ikaeksen I like your notion that perhaps dark matter inhabits another dimension. That would explain why it only seems to interact via gravity.

[@ikaeksen]

@@TropicalCoder Yeah, i heard that too, that it only interacts with gravity. I was thinking maybe in an odd way, those particles that constitute the dark matter might be inversed atoms/and-or molecules, meaning that their particles has either shifted places of electrons and quarks, and that quarks in this configuration, wont be able to send out photons back to us so we can see it, or, what you think, does it sounds concistent as an arguement for why we dont see it?

[@TropicalCoder]

@@ikaeksen We really know absolutely nothing about Dark Matter, or if it even exists. We can only postulate that such a thing could account for some gravitational phenomenon we have observed. We could just as well speculate that it is fairies congregating in large groups that cause these gravitational phenomena. However, it has not been established that fairies can survive in the vacuum of space, so until that is determined we will have to leave the fairies out of it.

[@ikaeksen]

@@TropicalCoder Do you then think my idea of inverted atoms is a terrible postulate, or is fairies maybe a funnier postulate ^^.. An inverted atom might for all i know be an anti particle, but then science have missunderstood what anti particles are. Maybe they anihilate this way if they met; if an anti particle is inverted, and has quarks on the outside, and electrons on the inside of the nucleons, then the electrons on the regular atom will meet quarks on the outside of inverted atoms, and set of a reaction that annihilate both particles. or one just replaces the other, and one of them is gone, neutralized. So maybe when atom and anti atom meet the anti atom moves out of its dimension, and we see the event.

[@harleyb-ham266]

I wish our government could be as open minded and mature.

[@newideas0ffreedom865]

great exploration talks

[@ISILENTNINJAI]

In probably 10-20 years younger than her but I just fell in love with Maria Angela. Intelligence can truly be beautiful.

[@realmetatron]

These people need to actually read Erik's papers, which are great and actually reproduce general relativity - with corrections that add the extra gravity that is ascribed to dark matter.

[@bambang9897]

a nice channel to know something about science.

[@chrismccullough5107]

Makes sense in a code kind of way

[@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668]

Thanx Dr. Green, as always very good job in the explanations of the matter. I found some interesting numbers that all apply to GRAVITY some way or the other, some times gravity is counted as adding the 8 in the disc. The periodic table as well is counted by adding the 118 places, as well I added the mass of each group: METALS, NOT METALS AN METALOIDS. I did the same in 2 other forms to see later. The numbers could go UP and DOWN so the SMALL and the BIG is no problem. 77.86 is the gravity of THE 8 PLANETS IN THE DISC and if we add the SUNS GRAVITY(274) = 351.86M/S2 THAT IS THE SOLAR SISTEM GRAVITY and 3.1416/351.86 = 112.00025. 112.00025/300000KM/S(LS) = 2678.5654/89.28 = 30.001852. 89.28 is the result of 351.86/31416(is a number very common all over cosmology METRIC based) as the coming exemple: 149.6 millions of Km. for the sun light to reach earth times 210(common number) = 31416(is the PI 10000 times). 31416 is what you get whene you add the three faces with the ones the UNIVERSE WORKS in my first book in Hz that could go UP or DOWN as needed for a system to work: 10920 IS FULL FACE/3141600 = 287.6923/144(# PHI) = 1.9978631. 10416 IS MEDLE FACE/3141600 = 301.6129/3.1416 = 96.006142/ 17126.594(the 118 places of the periodic table mass all added) = 178.39936/89.28 = 1.9982007. 10080 IS LOW FACE/3141600 = 311.66660/77.86 = 4.002911. 22 EAARTH DAYS IS A COMPLITE SUNS CICLE BASED IN BLACK SPOTS that are made in the sun. 22 X 365.25 = 8035.5/10920000 = 1358.9695/3.1416 = 432.57241/144 = 3.003975. 22/10920 = 496.36363/3.1416 = 157.99708/17126.594 = 108.39816/1.618 = 66.995154. 77.86/157.99708 = 2.0292458. 22/31416 = 1428/300000 = 210.08403. 1428/17126.594 = 11.993413. 22/17126.594 = 778.48154/77.86 = 9.9984785. 22/16180 = 735.45454/3141600 = 4271.644/3.1416 = 1359.7033/3.1416 = 432.80599/144 = 3.0058971. 1359.7033/17126.594 = 125.95831/1.618 = 77.848152 - 77.86 = 9.011848. 8035.5/161800= 20.135648/3.1416 = 6.4093608/1.618 = 3.961286. 42 ARE THE PETALS OF THE FLOWER OF LIFE OR THE SAME FOR THE DNA FIGURE DECODED. 42/10920 = 260/300000 = 1153.8461/3.1416 = 367.27976/1.618 = 226.99614/17126.594 = 75.448833/3.1416 = 24.01605 the ours of a day. 42/10416 = 248. 42/31416 =748. 42/17126.594 = 407.77604/300000 = 735.69795 to close to 22/16180 = 735.45454. 11.2 KM/S IS THE EARTH SCAPE VELOCITY. 11.2/300000 = 26785.714/89.28 = 300.01908. 11.2/31416 = 2805/3.1416 = 892.85714/89.28 = 10.00064. 11.2/351.86 = 31.416071/3.1416 = 10.000022. 11.2/10920 = 975. 11.2/10416 = 930. 618KM/S IS THE SUN SCAPE VELOCITY. 618/16180 = 26.181229/1.618 = 16.181229/31416 = 1941.5088/3.1416 = 618. 1941.5088/300000 = 154.519/31416 = 203.3148/3.1416 = 64.716959/1.618 = 39.99812. 618/31416 = 50.834951/3.1416 = 16.181229. 50.834951/300000 = 5901.4515/3.1416 = 1878.4859/1.618 =1160.9925/89.28 = 13.003948. 1.618/618 = 381.95302/300000 = 785.43691/3.1416 = 250.01174. Lets divide the periodic table in 5 parts and add each part: 3629.0307 IS THE MASS FROM # 1 ELEMENT TO THE #56 and 3629.0307/ 1391016(SUN DIAMETER) = 383.30235/3.1416 = 122.00864 and 122 is a neutral number in the flower of life. 2341.288 IS THE MASS FROM #57 TO THE #71/1391016 = 594.19735/3141600 = 5287.1322/3.1416 = 1682.94251/6.472(1.618 X 4)= 260.03432 Practicly is a common denominator of a galactic day. 1682.94251/300000 = 504.88276/6.472 = 78.010315 and 78 is a number of the flower of life. 3415.0973 (#72 to the #88)/1391016 = 407.31372/300000 = 736.533/3141600 = 4265.3893/3.1416 = 1357.7124/3.1416= 432.17226/144 = 3.0011962. 407.31372/400697(ARE THE DIMETERS OF THE 8 PLANETS IN THE DISC ALL ADDED) = 983.75522/1.618 = 608.00693. 4058(#104 TO THE 118)/300000 = 73.928043/16180= 218.861467/1.618 = 135.26666/3.1416 = 43.056614 and 43 is a neutral number in the flower of life. There are thousands of this this numbers and many more if interested check my channel.

[@espaciohexadimencionalsern3668]

1420 mega hertz is a frequency that comes out out of the hidrogen and this one makes some good numbers, check them: 1420/300000 = 211.2676/31416 = 148.7024/17126.594 = 115,17362/109200 = 948.13378/1.618 = 585.99121. remember that the golden ratio(1.618) is a number that is in the galaxies. 1420/31416 = 22.123943/7.23 = 3.0600197. 22.123943/10920 = 493.5829/3.1416 = 157.11194 X 2 = 314,22388. 1420/1092000 = 769.01408/300000 = 390.10989/171265.94 = 439.01973. 1420/104160 = 73.35 - 73.42(IS AN AMGLE INSIDE OUR EAR) = 0.067888. 73.352112/314160= 4282.9032/1.618 = 2647.0353/6.472(ITS THE 1.618 4 TIMES)= 408.99803. 73.352112/17126.594 = 233.48467/1.618 = 144.30449/1.618 = 89.186953 - 89.28 = O.093047. 233.48467 is the gravity of violet in my work/3141600= 13455.273/1.618 = 8315.9907. 233.48467/300000 = 1284.8809/314160 = 244.50515/3.1416 = 77.828218 = 77.86 = 0.031782. 1420/100800 = 70.985915/300000 = 4226.1905/314160 = 74.33645/109200 = 1468.9967. 74.33645 X 12 = 892.0374/89.28 = 9.9914583. 74.33645/31416 = 422.61905/1.618 = 161.43289. 422.61905/171265.4 that is the 118 places mass of the periodic table all added = 405.24898/3.1416 = 128.99445/300000 = 2325.6814/1.618 = 143.73803 - 144 = 0.26197. 1913 had 311 spotless days and is a number to common in astronomy jast look: 3.1416/311 = 98.994143 and numbers around 99 are all over the skies. 311/31416 = 101.01607 X 16 = 1616.2571 - 1618 = 1.7429. 77.86/311 = 3.9943488. 311/109200 = 351.1254 - 351.86 = 0.7346. 311/104160 = 206.99605. 311/100800 = 324.11575/1.618 = 200.31875 that 200 is a number of the flower of life as well common denominator of 20 that is all over. dont aspect the numbers to be rigide or constant as always they always go up and down even light speed to me, I dont think the light speed inside a cell will be at 300000K/S that to me might blow it off much less in an atom. numbers are always repeatable one way or another.

[@homebrew010homebrew3]

This is one of the better panel discussions. Normally I prefer individual lectures. Sean Carroll, Carolin Crawford, Feryal Ozel, Neil Turok, David Kaplan...

[@davidbutler378]

My last comment about a standard model of space is influenced by the hypothesis some physicists have that first there is Inflation and then there is the Big Bang. That hypothesis implies empty space expanding then time, matter and energy emerging. If that hypothesis is true then it's more important to focus on space than on matter.

[@dapdizzy]

Fascinating!