Unearthing the Oldest Civilization in the Americas

[@megaprojects9649]

Thank you Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Check out Squarespace: squarespace.com/megaprojects for 10% off on your first purchase.

[@BuddhaAfterDark]

actually brilliant pinning this here :D

[@74_Green]

You were 1st! hehe

[@johncarpenter987]

Why didn't the North American natives create pyramids and such before the South American nations if they came from Asia to Alaska and worked their way down?

[@BuddhaAfterDark]

@@johncarpenter987 who says that they did not?

[@johncarpenter987]

@@BuddhaAfterDark What is it the United States and Canada don't have any stone pyramids like we find in Peru and southern Mexico. Why not? We also don't see stone pyramids in Asia or Russia or Africa. My question is why do we have them in parts of Arabia and Central to South America and not other places. We find ancient mounds in Northern America and even in Ireland; but, those are not stone monoliths. Perhaps a society had to have a certain unified population. I don't know the answer which is why I asked the question.

[@mikebryant614]

As a member of the Mvskoke Nation, I can tell you that the knotted strings were used by us as a Calendar, in order to know when to plant various crops , in conjunction with moon phases / time of year. My Uncle Huey still used one which he kept in his barn in Alabama in the 1950s , he was incidentally the last Farmer in his County that used mules to plough with , long after other farms had switched to tractors, for which an article was printed about him in the Montgomery Advertise Journal news paper.

[@zaco-km3su]

They recorded far more than a calendar.

[@alexspalding6377]

Kipus? They could record waaaay more than just that. Really anything they wanted to interperet whether it’s words phrases numbers logistics they are fascinating. If only we knew the intricacies

[@alexspalding6377]

Neat tho that would be a cool article to read

[@mikebryant614]

@@alexspalding6377 Yes, there is more to them than just the type used to plant with , but that is one example that always stuck with me .I can't hardly explain all about them over the internet, but you are on the right track, they are a language for those that know how to read it.

[@NoCoBandit]

​​@@zaco-km3suJust gotta be condescending, huh? You should go back and read what dude said again. He was giving an great example of what his people use/used them for. He didn't say anything about them not being for anything else.

[@ignitionfrn2223]

1:00 - Chapter 1 - History of the norte chico 2:25 - Mid roll ads 3:35 - Back to the video 4:30 - Chapter 2 - Pyramid city 7:25 - Chapter 3 - Incredible discoveries 10:30 - Chapter 4 - Mysteries of the past

[@GIJRock]

Based lit goated etc ty

[@Meursault_1111]

Ty

[@matthewgarner8728]

A true hero🤙

[@michaeltuite5510]

this is awesome. Ancient cultures in the Americas dont get enough attention.

[@RED-cy7ig]

My thoughts exactly.

[@golferorb]

I highly recommend this documentary on Max that just came out called "Ice Age America". It talks a fair bit about why ancient civilizations on this continent are often ignored.

[@RED-cy7ig]

@@golferorb Thanks, will check out.

[@michaeltuite5510]

@@golferorb thanks! I am gonna check it out.

[@zaco-km3su]

Don't.

[@emixmim]

More about ancient American civilisations please! There's so many fascinating aspects of these people that have been lost to some extent but rediscovered in recent years. Check out the Beni culture as well.

[@Jayjay-qe6um]

The city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009. In early 2021, tensions arose between squatters claiming land rights and archaeologists researching the site, as housing construction encroached on the site.

[@mnomadvfx]

Jeez of all places to build a squatter place near a world heritage site is just rude. Perhaps they hoped to steal from the archaeologists and tourists visiting there 🤔

[@TheZynMan]

That is sad. And it makes one wish they could stop that from happening, but at the same time who am I to say where someone thousands of miles away can and can't live? It's ultimately something that has to be decided and addressed by the people who live there and could help the squatters to do something different

[@jordanhooper1527]

Wow I'd never heard of this before! Incredibly interesting and thought provoking

[@GoodThings4GoodPeople]

We love you Simon! Thanks for bringing education and entertainment together like you do! Truly doing Good Things!

[@2l84t]

Plague or a major drought might explain it's collapse . The three sacrifices could indicate a growing desperation to a worsening situation .

[@josephteller9715]

With no great number of corpses it is more likely drought as that would affect all the food sources and cause them to have to move to someplace with potable water in sufficient quantity...

[@mnomadvfx]

Sounds not unlike the period directly prior to the end of Akrotiri and the downfall of Minoan civilisation after Thera went kablooey in the Aegean.

[@jacqueslanglois1109]

Thanks!

[@monsvillerailways5736]

Good review Simon. Merry Christmas from Australia.

[@txwaterbird6115]

Thanks again! I never can watch these videos live, but really love watching later. Enjoyable and educational. What more can one ask!

[@mrs.g6725]

Wow Simon! Great video, thank you.

[@ironnordegraf]

We really need more pre-Columbian history taught in the U.S. It's really just like Columbus, Jamestown/pilgrims, Revolutionary War, and then U.S. history onward. Big stone ruins and artificial hills everywhere and we just don't ever really stop and think about it.

[@eadweard.]

Well this is in Peru, tbf.

[@ironnordegraf]

@@eadweard. Same shit applies from the tip of Canada down to Argentina. Most Americans don't know shit about Mississpian culture or the Anasazi or really much. Natives are just Pocahontas and not much else. A lot was in the America's and it just kinda gets overlooked way too much.

[@JayZee-lo8qy]

It’s overlooked because for the most part it’s fairly pointless. Not much of it still exists and little was influenced by it in comparison to the rest of history and civilizations. It’s pretty simple, no point in learning about dead civilizations that did very little to shape todays world

[@DarkSitesChannel]

I do love it when Megaprojects goes 'Any of you guys ever tried......' it's always fun.

[@liwyatan]

It's quite far more complicated that what's portrayed in this video. Sechin was constructed EARLIER, at least 500 hundred years (the plaza and the earliest relieves are from 3600 BC). And, from the most recent excavations, we know that earlier adobe structures existed at Sechin Bajo. Making Sechin Bajo much, much older than Caral (the first pyramids at Caral are from 2600 BC). Most probably Caral was only a subsidiary of the Sechin culture. The Sechin used their position to, first, secure the trade between the people from the coast and the Andes & Amazon. And then, becoming the dominant force using a mix of religion & fear to secure their position. How much we know they were the ruling force? They builded entire complexes, far away from their cities, dedicated to religion (like Chankillo and 13 Torres). This means resources, like a lot. Constructed cities like Las Haldas, to secure their source of trade and their cities and temples and buildings had no defenses, no walls. No one was crazy enough to attack them. Las Haldas was constructed 20km away from the nearest cultivable land. And has no water source. And it was inhabited (at least, it has not been properly excavated) from 2200 BC to 300 BC. That's how powerful and well organized they were (Caral was abandoned around 2000 BC). Also, north of the Sechin and also from at least 2600 BC we have the temple city complex of the Ventarrón. Which contains the oldest paintings in the Americas and a quite more impressive than anything that the Caral made. Returning to the original point, from what we are learning from the North of Peru and the "Tepes" of Anatolia, the "birth" of civilization is a murky and complex business. That needs organization, trade and religion (sorry agriculture!). Mix it all together on the right place for a few hundred years and voilá!

[@mnomadvfx]

"from the North of Peru and the "Tepes" of Anatolia, the "birth" of civilization is a murky and complex business" I'd be more inclined to call this period in Anatolia the "conception" of civilisation rather than the "birth" of it.

[@neva_nyx]

This is the kind of situation that means "lost civilization" to me. I think some people mistake "lost" for "fantastic." They are very different.

[@AudraK]

Pertaining to your pole earlier today on Today I Found Out about what topics we’d like to see. My dreams have been made! One topic I mentioned was ancient civilizations ❤️Thank you!!

[@gunnarelisigurjonsson2587]

Looking at it with google maps.. very amazing to see the size

[@zeroreyortsed3624]

Happy to see this😁 Norte Chico doesn't get enough attention.

[@liamgaffney3176]

The age of the pyramids in Giza are just hypothetical. They are more likely much older

[@michab4083]

as substantiated by some random guy on the internet ...

[@husseinalmashhadany]

The maritime theory is actually founded as a possible reason for civil development in Mesopotamia. Growing up in Iraq, we were taught that our ancestors called the precursors (Proto-Euphraties), who predated the Samarians by 5000 years, were fishermen in the Iraqi Marshes and the Arab Gulf. They just discovered the ruins of another city in Iraq that dates back 8000 years ago that have a mysterious cunifom dialect. I do think if people keep digging in South America, they will find more evidence for the theory being a uniform origin story😊

[@clintonpangburn3698]

I see... the word amphitheater comes from ancient Peru

[@oldguy4057]

Oddly, it is not on most lists as a place to visit. We are going to Peru in May and I did schedule a tour through Viator. My tour planner wanted a fortune for it.

[@DD-wr4lv]

I believe you would be hard pressed to find anyone who would be able to use a “soft” floppy disk written in “basic” from 1983 nowadays 😂 Love the content Simon, keep on-keeping on!

[@eadweard.]

Cannot tell what you are trying to say.

[@mikemotorbike4283]

@@eadweard. He means the beads- deciphering them. Incidentally, I believe there have been claims made about recent inroads made into deciphering some South American bead Ropes lately, as of Dec 2023.

[@matthewsermons7247]

" "basic" ", a beautiful use of quotes on that one. Half as Interesting just did a video on super long data archival storage that uses images that can theoretically instruct a future civilization on extracting the information. But, "Though shall not expect others to think", so..... yeah..... kzbin.info/www/bejne/forMnHawgaqMr8k

[@mnomadvfx]

3.5 inch floppy drives are pretty rare these days. 5 ¼ inch floppy drives are basically none existent except among collectors. I remember using them on my grandads old Amstrad PC with its 20 MB hard disk back in the 90s 😂

[@EAWanderer]

Thumbail looks like the Millennium Falcon and Droid control ship out of Star wars! 😅

[@marulls]

Love It ! As always Pleasure to Sail with the story

[@Hachidiego]

Very interesting! Thank you for this 💜

[@allpau6199]

This video was awesome! I had no idea that this city existed. Please do more videos about subjects like this. ❤

[@CyFr]

I still can't believe how we now know people were in the Americas 20 to 40,000 years ago. That blows my mind.

[@everypitchcounts4875]

Can we get a Decoding the unknown episode on Carbon Dating?

[@GraniteChief369]

Those knotted ropes are probably ledger sheets

[@classic.cameras]

The more you learn of Ancient History and Civilizations the more you realized you know nothing.

[@JallenMeodia]

Incredible to think you could grow anything in that landscape, must have looked very different 4000 years ago. Edit: And a quick Google, and it appears the land surrounding the site is quite verdant, presumably most of the fertile topsoil has been removed with excavations leaving it looking like a barren wasteland.

[@jlmwatchman]

You wouldn’t believe how advanced humanity's communities were 10,000 years ago, let alone 3. I saw "Lost Cities Revealed" hosted by Albert Lin, on How New Technology has Changed Exploring. The show is about uncovering ancient cities, and episode one was about the lost cradle of the Mayan civilization. One of the first observations Albert made after finding big rocks in the jungle was that they must have had a hard time dragging them. ‘Albert, I’m sure the jungle wasn’t as thick over 2 thousand years ago?’ The Caral Supe Civilization, was the first known city builders of America from 3000-2500 BC, so I don’t know why he was so amazed to find a city over 2 thousand years old? The Caral Supe Civilization may be from 6 thousand years ago, but the Olmec Civilization, had vast cities in America for 800 years, 1200-400 BC.

[@brs690]

Do a megaprojects on the crane that had to be assembled by a crane that assembled the Vegas dome.

[@palmyrocks]

do you think it’s possible a catastrophic natural disaster happened elsewhere in the world dramatically changing the climate in other regions of the world like here?

[@philipbreaux]

Has the camera for the past few episodes been slightly unfocused on Simon and more focused on the background? Could be my peasant 1080p bitrate that I’m not paying for premium… but it seems like Simon is ever so slightly less sharp compared to what is behind.

[@mikemotorbike4283]

I'm a premium member but I've noticed this too.

[@sammym2021]

The fact that the Spanish were able to speak with Incan people about the Quipu's is ABSOLUTELY TANTALIZING and infurating... Colonialism was truly barbaric and disgusting

[@alexorsi4056]

Heck I bet you could use one if the not things as a map or pace notes of sorts you know

[@matthewhaynes6667]

I misread the title, I thought it said “Urinating the oldest Civilization in the Americas” 😂

[@DaneOrschlovsky]

Time to vacate your bladder on a regular basis.

[@SwearingenTurnings]

That would be a Brain Blaze channel video.

[@Muziqizlyf]

That sounds painful 😢😢😢

[@maconleiper8359]

Doc, it burns when I civilize.

[@julianaylor4351]

Should have gone to Specsavers. 😆

[@angelbolanos3144]

Ey can you make a video on the A-150 the successor to the Yamato because I have seen only a few things about it and it looks intimidating

[@d.l.gentsch5304]

Try a lack of consistent water.

[@americameinyourmouth9964]

The Spanish didn't destroy all the quipus they actually used them and their keepers in the adminstration of their empire because they were so effective at recording supplies.

[@mera6555]

Yeah, in fact most quipus of the nearly thousand and half currently know are colonial and post colonial, then some hundreds are Inca and an extremely few are pre-Inca

[@americameinyourmouth9964]

@@mera6555 Hi friend, out of curiosity can you see this comment? I think all my replies are being blocked by KZbin.

[@mera6555]

@@americameinyourmouth9964 I can

[@americameinyourmouth9964]

Sorry I missed your comment it didn’t show up in notifications. All my comments are back up now that I mentioned being shadow banned by KZbin. Very creepy we’re all being so thoroughly monitored.

[@abbofun9022]

Isn’t Göbekli Tepe in Turkey dated at 9500 BCE making it about 5000 years older than this site in Peru.

[@paulannable3734]

You’ve missed the point. Humans were walking around Turkey for a LONG LONG time before they reached South America.

[@multiyapples]

This is fascinating.

[@noahlogue]

Norte Chico was one of the six sites found around the world of the beginning of the rise of complex civilization.

[@8mersag]

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell

[@daiakunin]

Fascinating!

[@66lawngnome]

That modified PlayStation startup sound was cool

[@Floridas_Natural]

can you please make your videos in 4k, if we don't have youtube premium it looks very blurry at 1080

[@mats8375]

Amazing civilization I never heard of.

[@dynamicascension981]

this guy can make anything interesting

[@jmanj3917]

8:08 Idk, Brain Boy... Sounds kinda Shady 😅

[@LazlotheInstigator]

I have been to this place - dry and a lot of rocks

[@K4YL4_]

I really like the videos but it would be better if you spoke slower... More ASMR. A lot ppl use these videos (history etc.) to help them fall sleep. Just my thoughts ❤

[@I_am_Junebug]

Slow the speed to .8 - much better.

[@I_am_Junebug]

Slow it down to .8 and it's much better.

[@loke6664]

I don't think the evidence points towards them being older then the Giza pyramids (which isn't the oldest in Egypt). At first it might sounds like they are since historians generally say that the Great pyramid was built around 2650 BCE which puts them at around the same date when you count how imprecise Carbon dating is (you get a possible time span of around 150 years when going this far back).. However, the large carbon dating project of 3 largest pyramids in Giza with thousands of different tests rather recently gave us a surprising result: Giza seems to be 200 years older then we thought. Now, you wonder how such a blunder could have happened? Well, we generally date Egyptian artifacts based on dynasty, their fashion and style changed a lot and pretty fast, and they were rather happy writing down who was in charge on many artifacts. If we just go on average carbon dating, then Giza seems to be around 250 years older then Caral's pyramids, it gets a bit less if we stretch the carbon dating to newest in Egypt and oldest possible date in Caral but even then the Egyptian pyramids is over a century older. Caral is still one of the most fascinating places on the planet, but someone in the NEw kingdom seems to have screwed up how long the first intermediate period was, or at least that is what the evidence right now is pointing toward. Even if that isn't correct, it do shows us how important it is to confirm when a ruler lived either by carbon or another dating method, or to cross reference historical events from other civilizations. One interesting huge difference is that the signs of violence and war is pretty common in Egypt but almost unheard of in Caral. It is a civilization we still have a lot more to learn from but I don't think we make either civilization any favors by comparing them even if both had pyramid shaped structures, otherwise they have very little in common (besides people being people).

[@muleFUEL1]

10:00 Human sacrifice was a common practice throughout the world for a long time. People tend to attribute this to "barbaric" or "blood-thirsty" cultures, but everyone did it. Please don't get the idea that these people where any less sophisticated than the people of Mesopotamia, Egypt, or even Europe. Is burning people for believe they are a witch or possessed by the devil any different from what was happening here. It's sad by modern standards, but an unfortunately part of life, traditions, and superstitions for most of human history. If people are interested in learning more about the fascinating cultures of ancient South America, check out Ancient Americas.

[@LindaJopson]

Slow down and catch your breath.... please 😊

[@I_am_Junebug]

I showed the speed to .8 and it's much better!

[@EamonCoyle]

I still find it strange how everyone compares ancient objects and civilisation to the Pyramids to equate their age. Newgrange in Ireland existed for about 5000 years before the Pyramids !!

[@rogerpenske2411]

Is that a Pub?

[@EamonCoyle]

@@rogerpenske2411 It's the one whose toilet you were conceived in......

[@mattyreynolds4243]

Not 5000 years before

[@EamonCoyle]

@@mattyreynolds4243 Fair play if I am wrong, but don't come into my comments and say I am wrong without giving the correction good sir. You may be right it could be 5th Century BC which is about 3000 years, but you can confirm.....

[@74_Green]

@@EamonCoyle Newgrange is a 5,200 year old passage tomb located in the Boyne Valley. Megalithic tomb. It was built between 3,200 and 3,000 BC.

[@stacysanders-w3e]

It's not a Civilization unless it has a big shiny dome.

[@zaco-km3su]

Quite interesting. Quipus aren't a writing system. They're an alternative to a writing system.

[@michaelb1761]

I can hear the Ancient Alien types saying "See, see! More proof that aliens visited South America as well as Egypt!"

[@darinsingleton3553]

"What happened to the ancient Peruvian city?" Simon .. it's so simple .. Aliens.

[@Markus56165]

Come on Simon… you know that the pyramids in Egypt are far, far older than 5 thousand years.

[@RedCommunistDragon]

The Pyramids of Giza are only around 4,400 to 4,600 years old. Still got a couple centuries to go.

[@Markus56165]

@RedCommunistDragon that's a lie. Just like the Sphinx of Egypt is too, right? It's all a lie. They don't know how old they are, or who built them, or how they were built.

[@RedCommunistDragon]

@@Markus56165 We known the general era they were constructed in, but have no exact dates. The Pyramids are nowhere near 10,000 years old, as some may claim.

[@Markus56165]

@@RedCommunistDragon if that's true, then why is it surrounded by water erosion when the land has been a desert for roughly that many years?

[@RedCommunistDragon]

@@Markus56165 The Sahara has been a desert for at the bare minimum; 13,000 years. That’s still nearly 8,000 years before the time of Narmer.

[@joymakerRC]

bro , i seriously see your face and hear your voice more than any other person on the planet, thanks for explainin $hit to me for the past XX years , probably the first and last face that i see every day lol,

[@SimonAllen-y5b]

Megaprojects idea the Bradley fighting vehicle

[@AutodidactEngineer]

Dude has a degree on Yapology😂😂

[@braingasim]

Ask Joe did a really good video on the knotted strings if anyone is interested in it.

[@simontyreus6501]

Please don't interrupt the fantastic video with a sponsor. If you could do it at the start or end of the video, that would be appreciated.

[@marklittle2615]

Sites like this make me wonder if there wasn't a real influence coming from the pacific instead of from north america that influenced this culture and development

[@tkralva.6668]

In 2013 they were not considered an official culture of Peru. I know that as I mentioned them in my nationalisation exam (taken to allow me to start my divorce process and leave Peru) and I mentioned them as a culture and it was marked wrong and not one of the pre-Incan cultures.

[@panzerswineflu]

I'm curious what is this nationalization exam? For divorce? For leaving Peru?

[@EvaGerencser-p7u]

I cannot see you. I don't understand what happened with my video, KZbin?! Hm. Just audio.

[@celdur4635]

Caral is not "Andean" its a Coastal civilization. Andean civilization didn't even exist back then.

[@cyrilio]

Sounds like they ‘just’ decided a different capital city was better?

[@olixpatdo8181]

It was the aliens of course

[@saiynoq6745]

Would be wild if Human life came from the Antarctic continent, seems like the oldest of oldest civilizations or traces of humans come from the lower continents moving up.

[@abbofun9022]

Eh? Göbekli Tepe in Turkey has been dated at 9500 BCE, that’s another 500p years older than this one in Peru.

[@stuartkcalvin]

01:09 that is a slave auction - of women.

[@aWILDsomethingCAME]

The buildings and the site are older than the people that "archeologists" claim to have built them.

[@eadweard.]

You'd need to be more specific really.

[@aWILDsomethingCAME]

the buildings were already there when the people moved in @@eadweard.

[@eadweard.]

@@aWILDsomethingCAME Oh. What makes you think that?

[@oriontigley5089]

So, if such a massive and ancient city existed so early, why did the later Native Americans just before colonialism not have similar polities?

[@0caliche0]

They did

[@oriontigley5089]

@@0caliche0 then that raises the question, why didn't Native Americans evolve diseases that would hit Europeans just as hard as European diseases hit the America's? Disease is often bred in large cities, which is why European's had such devestating diseases. Where's the American counterpart if large cities were so common?

[@0caliche0]

@@oriontigley5089 because we didn't sleep in close proximity to cattle like cows, pigs and sheep. In fact they didn't exist on the Americas until after colonization. You can Google it

[@brandomfpv2539]

When it comes to human sacrifice, how do they know it wasn't a killer like we've heard some messed up s*** on the other channel

[@eadweard.]

Don't be silly.

[@Danne1886]

I have a hard time believing it was really a pacifist society that casually did human sacrifice. Whatever cut off homies fingers and feet is a weapon in my book, even if you can't find it 3k years later. I remember people saying the same thing about the Indus valley people and it later turned out to be an exaggeration. Just because we don't find the tell tale signs of armies laying siege and we can't read their language, we assume they didn't have conflict.

[@Spectre4913]

There is/was a dig site in Mexico in Valsequillo. 250,000 year old signs of human habitation dated by 5 different methods. Of course it was swept under the rug because it doesnt fit the timeline weve been given.

[@danthesquirrel]

One of the overlooked benefits of being the first civilization: Getting to live in 1,000 years of peace because there is no one else big enough to attack you. It is disheartening to see that at the very beginning of civilization (before pottery) humans jumped at the opportunity to make inequality to exploit others. Maybe after a 1,000 years the majority of people who were slave class had enough of it and left civilization to live as hunter gatherers again. And without servants the rich starved to death, or were barbequed and served (one last time) in a farewell to civilization gala.

[@_MikeJon_]

It's funny how the lost high technology dorks blatantly ignore these sites. You can see they're clearly more crude than later Inca cultures. Doesn't fit the narrative lol

[@alexmanion5389]

*oldest known...

[@bobcranberries5853]

2627bc is 4651 years ago… the BC and A.D. stuff just needs to be thrown in the trash and stop being used

[@boristhedespot3473]

I know Property taxes

[@Tygor9000]

WOOO

[@Dyusik]

Savages. Devil's heathen that didn't wage war.

[@eadweard.]

Didn't they?

[@kingcatx2]

Typical European thinking their religion is the right one and that they brought civilization here 😂🤡🤡

[@milohobo9186]

The modern human form evolved over 100,000 years ago, and pre-modern humans have existed over a million years. I find it difficult to believe that humans only developed civilization so recently.

[@74_Green]

^^ Ditto.

[@worldwanderer91]

Ancient Aliens: You called?

[@milohobo9186]

@@worldwanderer91 nah, I just think we treat ancient humans as dumb and incapable

[@eadweard.]

​@@milohobo9186Why would they have done so sooner?

[@tenhirankei]

The geoglyph of the face with the open mouth made me think of human sacrifice - someone screaming in pain.

[@rogerpenske2411]

Happy Indigenous Peoples Day

[@aubreyleonae4108]

Here we go again, here come the astro-nuts.

[@Maryfs1]

And still nothing supporting the book of mormon. 😆

[@sardonicspartan9343]

Carbon dating is not precise...at all.

[@Versosurma]

Gobleki tepe is much older and apparently just punch of hunter gathering cave men had the time, food and enough population to build large site when there was no civilasation. Yes sounds like bullshit to have so many people who just hunt and spend their time to stay alive and to have that number of people in one place and have time to build something so big without being a society. Maybe they just were good talkers and men came there build something that doesnt bringnfood to the table

[@nobody687]

Gobeki tepe

[@mingyuhuang8944]

These are at best, cultures, not civilizations.

[@keithkearns93]

Crikey , your narration sounds like it was fueled by columbian marching powder

[@jsinope2786]

Maybe the aliens took them back. Just saying… 😂

[@AnthonyMartinez-gy7sw]

Fire