V Speeds EXPLAINED! (Private Pilot Ground Lesson 12)

V Speeds Explained! This video goes into detail about what v speeds are and how we use them on the airplane. We discuss the different types of V speeds as well as the different types of airspeed limitations on our airplane that a Private Pilot student needs to be aware of. Additionally, we explain True Airspeed, Calibrated Airspeed, ground speed, and indicated airspeed. This information will help you study for the private Pilot written exam and the oral exam for your check ride. This training is intended to follow the aeronautical knowledge areas in Part 61.105 section b for single engine aircraft.
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[@rapha666]

what i use to remember Vx and Vy: - Vx: you optimize for the X-axis (shorter ground distance) - Vy: you optimize for the Y-axis (reaching the altitude faster)

[@FreePilotTraining]

Ah. Great way of thinking about it

[@jay.ostojic]

yup thats how i remember, u beat me to it haha

[@berwinmiller3823]

Y am I climbing so fast?

[@FreePilotTraining]

That’s a great one!

[@berwinmiller3823]

Thx

[@Shmoneyman122]

X angle… y time, idk why I remember it this way but when I think of honey thyme the dressing I think of y time. X angle kind of reminds me of triangle for whatever reason.

[@freepilot7732]

​@@Shmoneyman122 That's how I did it too. The x looked like angles. The Y was just the other one.

[@dan_]

For Vy I always think of a picture of a graph, with the Y-axis pointing up to remind me that Vy is for getting altitude quickly. For Vx I think about the shape of the letter 'X' being all 90 degree angles, so it's for best climb angle. In reality you only need to remember one of the two, since then you'll know the other by process of elimination!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Great idea! Thanks!

[@jgalexander510]

The science teacher agrees. Just about everyone watching this took algebra 1 in middle or high school and is familiar with graph axes.

[@jhoysteve]

My tip is, since you always wanna go Vy unless there is an obsticle, that means Vy is your go to, so Vy is you V YES!!!. Which one do you usually go Vx? or V YES!!!. its almost like having it scream "HEY, OVER HERE, IM THE RIGHT ANSWER FOR NORMAL FLIGHT"

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it! Thanks!

[@Aaron.Jeffers]

Vy - i think of hands on a clock for time. Y has three arms and so does a clock. Vx - i always thought the letter X looked like intersecting runways and i needed to climb out and clear before crossing the intersecting runway. kinda like a short field takeoff

[@user-fi6tq3mo3q]

VY rhymes with TIME Rate. VX. Lot of angles in X.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Excellent! Thank you

[@arwood111]

Thank you, these simple videos have answered a few questions that i have encountered as flying or practicing…. I am not yet in a flight school

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! I’m glad they are helping you out!

[@Lamentationsofapoory]

Not sure if anyone's posted this yet, but for Vy, I remember it phonetically as (Vy) sounds like cl(imb). So y means cli. It's odd but worked for me!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Great tip! Thanks!

[@BrunoMCDowell]

Awesome. Can't thank you enough for these wonderful lessons.

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! Thanks for watching!

[@farkasjozsef1993]

Hi! At 1:20 I think you wanted to say warmer temperature instead of colder temperature. Cold means high pressure because there is more mass in less volume, thus greater force acting on objects Great videos, keep up the good work!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Yes. You are correct. I misspoke there. Thanks for the comment!

[@SimbaC2007]

While some of this might be true cold air is usualyl more denser than warm air, which creates that higher pressure. The relationship between temperature and pressure within the atmosphere is more complex than just more pressure = colder. Typically at higher altitudes the atmophere contains air pressure that is lower. Picture this, you'ree standing on top of a high mountain looking down towards the valleys beneath you. The air at the top of the mountain is colder than the air in the valleys because it is higher in altitude. The air pressure at the top of the mountain is lower than the air pressure in the valleys below, even though the air is colder. The reason for this is because of the weight of the air bove the mountain is less than the weight of the air in the valleys, which creates that lower pressured system at the top of the mountain. As the air above is lighter, the atmospheric pressure is lower even if the air at the top of the mountain is colder and denser than the air in the lowlands. You have to remember the relationship between temperature pressure and such also has to due with variables like wind patterns, pressure, temperature, etc. And in refrence to True Air Speed (TAS) the higher you go the less pressure there is thus there is less force acting on objects in the air. This entails less resistance to the motiono f an aircraft meaning less drag but also less lift. The true airspeed typically is higher than IAS because of that "less resistance" So given the video, I believe FreePilotTraining is correct here

[@SimbaC2007]

And I forgot to mention the temperature is typically colder and the pressure decreased due to the phenomenon known as the temperature lapse rate

[@rameeti]

@@FreePilotTraining As it also appears in text on the screen, it would be best to edit that bit of the video to show the correct text which could also show the correction in audio. It is too important to let this go by as some may memorize the wrong thing.

[@adamzarb-cousin6629]

Always appreciated your content. Thanks!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Thank you so much Adam! And I really appreciate the Super Thanks!

[@seetheworldwithben747]

Thank you, this video is great

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! Thanks for watching!

[@craiglarson6621]

Lots to unpack in this episode, thanks for the great explanations

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome!

[@jakew9887]

Great presentation. Thanks

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! Thanks for watching

[@josephburton92]

The best channel ever!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Thanks man!

[@Peacewind152]

Amazing description of Va. That one is hard to grasp for many noobies... including me

[@FreePilotTraining]

Thanks!

[@svbizgirl]

Thanks!

[@FreePilotTraining]

No problem! Thanks for watching!

[@lemonlaunch]

Thank you so much for all your amazing videos! One question maybe you could clear up. How does colder air have less pressure if it's more dense and travels faster when it's a cold front? Thanks!

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! This video right here should answer that question: kzbin.info/www/bejne/d2XIenqAp9Onjsk

[@JabariHunt]

Not that I probably would have anyway, but I will NEVER forget Vx now! 😆

[@FreePilotTraining]

I’m here for you 😂

[@RenaissanceSTL]

GREAT video man - I have one comment. I'm a new student so forgive me if this is incorrect, but I don't believe Vno is "the fastest we want to fly in smooth air". That would be Vne. Vno is the fastest you want to fly in ROUGH air. Gleim says "Flight above this speed (Vno) should be conducted only in smooth air and with caution."

[@FreePilotTraining]

I know, the wording is tricky in these V-speeds, but I double checked the P-HAK to be sure. I didn’t use the greatest verbiage, but what I said is basically correct. The PHAK says Vno is the “Maximum Cruising Speed. Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air” Vne is “Never Exceed Speed. Operating above this speed is prohibited since it may result in damage or structural failure.” So basically, I would not fly above Vno (in the yellow arc) with anything above “very slight” turbulence. You should Never exceed Vne. The airplane designers didn’t make it to go that fast

[@RenaissanceSTL]

@@FreePilotTraining I think we’re saying the same thing just in different ways lol. Thanks for the response. I must’ve missed the “except” in the video

[@FreePilotTraining]

@@RenaissanceSTL lol I thought that was the case but I wasn’t 100%

[@nobodyofnaught2]

@@FreePilotTraining in the video for Vno you say "this is the fastest you want to fly in smooth air" and the text on screen is "Max speed in SMOOTH AIR" you did not say "except in smooth air". This is very confusing because immediately afterwards you say only fly in the yellow range in smooth air which directly condradicts what you said about Vno

[@nobodyofnaught2]

@@RenaissanceSTL you didn't miss the except, I went back and listended several times and checked the subtitles and the text on screen clearly says "max speed in smooth air"

[@MichaelMoldovan3]

For VA thats whats used for maneuvering. So i think of the a in VA being "acrobatic"

[@FreePilotTraining]

Excellent memory aid. Thanks!

[@pjwg]

Thanks got the video! Do you think you could do some examples for the corrections for airspeed, and also adjusting for standard pressure, etc.?

[@FreePilotTraining]

I’ll see if I can make a short lesson on that for the next lesson! I appreciate your feedback.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Peter, I started making that additional lesson, and I’m wondering if that might be a little too much in the weeds for a Private Pilot lesson at this time. We are going to discuss True airspeed again in the flight planning portion of the course. In the performance section of your ooh, there is a chart which shows you what you’re True airspeed will be at different altitudes and temperatures, so that is typically what we use to find our true airspeed, but when we get to the flight planning portion, I will try to touch on that using the flight computer or the simple calculation method.

[@pjwg]

@@FreePilotTraining no worries! I was just wondering as we just covered that in my ground school class and the professor zoomed past it pretty past.

[@FreePilotTraining]

It’s because you will mainly be using the charts, they just wanted you to have a general knowledge of where those numbers were coming from.

[@aviatordube]

“Vx I’m dead if I hit that tree” that’s a good one!!!😂😂😂😂😂 What about “Vy let’s climb high”?

[@FreePilotTraining]

I like that!

[@TheSchwartzIsWithYouToday]

I've been going through this training and find it quite helpful. It's big on facts and low on fluff, which I find helpful most of the time. I appreciate that. I'd also like to offer a bit of feedback after watching the first dozen videos now: First, as a more general comment, I find the doodly drawings really distracting. I'm more of a visual learner, and when up to 95% of the visual activity involves hand scribbles creating text and gratuitous outlines of people simply there to point at something -- as opposed to a simple animated arrow -- what sticks in my head are all of the animations, not the material you're teaching. If you're going to animate something, animate the aircraft using a 3D rendering instead of drawing arrows. You're talking about HOW THE PLANE MOVES, and viewers like me who are visual learners have to interpret what you're saying while translating arrows on a 2D surface into 3D movement inside our heads. The other animations only confuse things. An animated 3D graphic of the airplane would really enhance most of these videos, far more than doodly graphics. Second, you started out this video with a graphic of an instrument dial and some tags pointing at different places. Then you proceeded to discuss all of the terms, and very briefly SAID "this is x" and "this is y" without pointing anything or highlighting them on the instrument dial. I found myself having to rewind a bit and listen again and then pause while I tried to figure out where was the point on the dial you were referring to. I suggest you slow down a bit, show a graphic indicator that points to the thing you're describing on the dial (that matches the initial graphic) and then pause for a few seconds so the viewer has time to look at it and absorb it before you go further. Also, leave those graphics on the dial as you proceed. You started out with a dial full of tags, which is a great visual of where you're heading. Yet the entire presentation then simply showed a dial with no tags, and you ended up with ... a dial with no tags. There's no question that you know what you're talking about, and you've put a lot of effort into the presentation. These are just suggestions I think would help you make the presentations more effective. 🙂

[@FreePilotTraining]

You’re welcome! And I greatly appreciate the feedback. I think you’ll really appreciate how much these videos improve as you go through the series, and I hope to replace a lot of these earlier videos at some point

[@PghGameFix]

Vx and Vy..... the memory aid is.... there are more angles in "X" than there is in "Y" So Vx is best "Angle", and by default, Vy is rate.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Thanks for the memory aid!

[@JohnLemieux]

Y is the vertical axis on a graph, so Vy has the fastest speed up the vertical axis. X is the horizontal axis, so Vx climbs using the least amount of horizontal distance.

[@Amos-fn7ie]

that helpful, thanks bro

[@user-vc7nm9bt4q]

For Vy. I always say. Best rate of clime for tYme (time) it rhymes. It helped me remember it for the test anyway.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it! Thanks!

[@thehardhustlers]

Vy do you not know that Vy is best rate of climb?

[@christianmitchell9915]

I remember that clocks usually have 3 hands, which the letter Y has three arms. Vy, shortest time.

[@BlueMax333]

Is Vx similar to Min Sink Speed used by gliders? And is Vy similar to the max L/D speed? Would be useful to know in case of an EO Thanks!

[@FreePilotTraining]

I don’t know much about gliders, but that’s a good possibility. Vy is very close to LD max. I know that for sure.

[@myyouth6864]

What is the difference between v(a) and v(no)?

[@gregagee4328]

Vmax for maxed out to get over something fast. Vtyme for best rate of climb over time

[@FreePilotTraining]

That’s a good one. Thanks!

[@b5a5m5]

Vy = I'm optimizing flight for (highest) rate of change in Y-axis. Vx = I'm optimizing flight for (slowest) rate of change in X-axis

[@midlothianmyhometown3996]

for Vx I think about trying to avoid my X... only use Vx to avoid and obstacle

[@FreePilotTraining]

😂

[@freepilot7732]

All these years, I think this is the funniest and the best. I'm changing my way to remember even though I know it by the back of my hand, I want to think of this each time I need to address my Vx or Vy.

[@Kris-ru5ue]

What I dont get is isnt the best Angle of climb also the best Rate of climb as both get you the highest the fastest?

[@FreePilotTraining]

This short video might help. kzbin.infoJUrOjNXB9Z4?si=90hd1GRtpJzavWAz

[@phoonjzc]

This is a lot to remember!

[@ponostricker8233]

So is the difference between Vlo and Vle that Vlo is the max speed in which you can extend and retract landing gear whereas Vle is the max speed you can fly with gear extended and retract? Or another way of saying it is the difference is Vle is the speed in which you CAN’T extend the gear, you can fly with it extended but you CAN’T extend it, only retract it?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Correct.

[@jasonjohnston94]

Vy = Y climb any steeper?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it!

[@The_real_Dr_mysterious]

Am I allowed to use a flight computer when taking the test?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Yes, you are

[@EmberHarrington]

Just to clarify so are Vx an VY usually the same? If not which one do you use? Thank you.

[@EmberHarrington]

The speed that is.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Good question. This short video explains it a little bit better. kzbin.infoJUrOjNXB9Z4?feature=share Vx is usually a slower airspeed to help us clear obstacles. My video on performance goes into a lot more detail. I discuss that towards the end of the video

[@rameeti]

Vx is smart to use for takeoffs as you'll be closer to the airport at a higher altitude in case you have engine problems that cause you to need to turn around and land back on the runway in the opposite direction. Better to be closer to the airport and higher in the air on takeoff for emergency possibiities. Once you are at a safe height to glide a good distance, then change to Vy to attain cruise altitude.

[@golgio]

Vy....best rate of climb based on time. Time but spelled like "Thyme"

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it! Thanks!

[@user-rz5vu9xt3v]

Dumb question, but where are Vx, Vy, and Va indicated? Or do we just have to know these for the aircraft?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Unfortunately you just have to remember them

[@nicholascollins1265]

That's cool, I just wanted to make sure I didn't miss something

[@TerrySANDERS-j9t]

"Why Wait" rhymes with Y Rate (of Climb)

[@FreePilotTraining]

Lol it sure doed

[@MagnumOpusSRT]

What about DMMS ?

[@FreePilotTraining]

I chuckle when I see videos on DMMS. I totally agree that airspeed should be THE top priority when flying, but your aircraft landing speed IS a type of DMMS. An airplane’s landing speed is prescribed as 1.3 of stall speed. This gives you up to 10% of additional protection even with a 45 degree banked turn. In such a turn, stall speed is increased by 1.19x the original stall speed. This is where that 10% comes from. Where people get themselves into trouble is when they don’t use flaps then slow down to their FULL flap landing speed. In this case, you don’t have protection for increased bank angle. This is why I teach students to use flaps AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE! That being said, you could calculate a DMMS for flaps up at 1.3 Vs1, but you’ll find that you typically get plenty of protection by adding 10 knots to your landing speed AND that is easier to remember than some random number. Excellent question. This might be worth creating a video…

[@gerhardcombrinck3599]

Did you say, at colder temperatures there's less pressure?

[@FreePilotTraining]

If I did, that’s wrong. Colder air is more dense

[@gerhardcombrinck3599]

@@FreePilotTraining See 1:17. Just a misspeak.Great videos - thank you.

[@Kris-ru5ue]

Are V speeds knots or miles?

[@FreePilotTraining]

They can be either. Older planes often use miles per hour while newer ones use knots

[@allenknudson1921]

Y= why climb at a higher angle when I’m not trying to clear anything

[@FreePilotTraining]

Awesome! That’s a good one

[@The_real_Dr_mysterious]

VY THANK OF A VERY YOUNG KIDS HE/SHE IS LOWER TO THE GROUND!

[@jsisson]

For me the X has more Angles so I’ll have the best angle of climb.

[@miamollison6035]

Vy to the sky ?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it!

[@ma-bp1wj]

Vy = V yay! Yay, because it gets you to altitude fastest

[@FreePilotTraining]

Lol. That’s a good one

[@astralbody]

For best rate of climb is best time of climb.... So I say, timey wimey.... They have Ys. = VY 😊

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it 😆

[@bennettvacationrentals]

Not that it’s that important, but V does not stand for velocity. It stands for Vitesse, French word for speed.

[@FreePilotTraining]

That’s really interesting. I don’t know where I got that. I definitely read it somewhere otherwise it wouldn’t have made the video

[@danlibby8366]

You are right brother!

[@Kfinch1992]

VY to the sky

[@FreePilotTraining]

That’s a great one!

[@justjon907]

Vx and vy are so confusing. If Vx gives you the most altitude in the shortest distance, and Vy gives the the most altitude in the shortest amount of time.... aren't they the same. Description wise?

[@FreePilotTraining]

If I’m taking off and I’m trying to climb above an obstacle, distance is the factor. Not time. If I climb at Vx, it will take me longer to get to my cruise altitude, but I’m only concerned about my altitude in the short distance that I’m flying because I don’t want to run into that thing. It’s like taking a steeper set of stairs. It only takes a few steps to get higher than the other staircase, but it takes so much more energy. A normal shallow staircase is better for longer distances (or your climb up to cruise)

[@elvinvelez4616]

Vy is actually distance over time not altitude over time

[@BiewerTerrier]

Vy - Why hurry?

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it! Thanks!

[@DimentionC137]

V Y = Rimes with TIME 🕒 Memory aid

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it!

[@DimentionC137]

@@FreePilotTraining your videos are totall gem!!!!!! I am studying with sporty’s and it’s hard with my language barrier. And your are explaining very well! I really hope you make instrument rating videos in a future!

[@FreePilotTraining]

@@DimentionC137 thanks!

[@masonicmoth]

Vx: X looks like angles ... Vy: y rhymes with time

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it!

[@spikypears532]

Vy, time to fly

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it!

[@troyfortenberryjr8770]

the music made me feel like i was watching an avengers movie or like i was going off to war lol

[@FreePilotTraining]

😆

[@Raidwall]

V YEET

[@FreePilotTraining]

😂 love it

[@jessyholmberg4548]

Vy I’m in the sky

[@FreePilotTraining]

I like that. Thanks!

[@doggiemama]

Y not take your time

[@bryantlaw239]

Vy for "Good bye"

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it

[@bryantlaw239]

@@FreePilotTraining thanks for you videos. Just started my training, have a whole three hours. I am watching your ground school videos. I’m starting late, 54 years old. Just wanted to say thank you.

[@FreePilotTraining]

@@bryantlaw239 you’re welcome! I appreciate the comment! Enjoy the journey!

[@aaronperry4156]

Y = you’ve got time (no obstructions exist)

[@FreePilotTraining]

Love it

[@yeti8516]

Vy, up you fly

[@FreePilotTraining]

That’s a good one!

[@user-me1xr7gm4l]

Vy- Time is money. So climb at that speed to be the most efficient with your money

[@Howardduff-dd5hf]

for me its like math. Always X over Y.

[@FreePilotTraining]

Great input! Thanks!

[@wrangledata2318]

how about: "I'm X'd if I hit that tree! Y clock time?"

[@austintodd92]

Why not get there as fast as possible

[@FreePilotTraining]

Cuz you’ll burn more fuel. Drag increases with speed and so does fuel burn

[@austintodd92]

@@FreePilotTraining I meant that’s my reminder for Vy rate of climb why not get there asap

[@FreePilotTraining]

@@austintodd92 😂 that makes way more sense. Thank you for clearing that up lol

[@NK_sunday]

V stands for vitesse it is a French word for speed

[@brianbastian7417]

I stole this fair and square from Rod Machado. X makes an angle. So best angle of climb.

[@FreePilotTraining]

😂 he’s got some good ones

[@jesseperez7253]

VY air Speed = I'm dead if that incoming Airliner hits me. get up high fast!!!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Very true! Thanks!

[@CBTheWoodsman]

"Y" don't we just climb out normally!

[@FreePilotTraining]

Good one! Thanks!

[@dreamwork69]

that's lot of speed to remember 🥲