Voltaire: The Rascal Philosopher

Few enlightenment thinkers are as famous as the French writer Voltaire. Born into a modest though socially ambitious family, he found his talent for writing early and by his late teens was punching way above his weight as a playwright and poet earning accolades and raising eyebrows for his witty use of satire to make not-so-subtle criticisms of church and state. Indeed he would spend his entire adult life dodging the authorities, often writing under multiple pseudonyms and denying authorship of most of his scandalous books, for which there was no shortage of interest among the literate class of Paris, while the government burned his prolific output on a continuous basis in the public square. In his long and productive life he would write more than 2000 books and articles- including several massive encyclopaedic volumes. He would correspond with both monarchs and nobodies, on subjects as diverse as geology and free-speech; history and biology; mathematics and religious tolerance. His fortunes would take him from the Bastille and exile to the court of Frederick the Great, back to the Bastille and exile again. His very name became synonymous with both scandal and genius, and yet despite his herculean output, he nevertheless found time to advocate for the downtrodden and oppressed classes - often at substantial personal expense. He would ferociously denounce laws and customs he believed were unjust and savage his enemies in brutal polemical arguments, yet was incredibly generous to the point of being a sucker. He had an iron wit yet was an interminable hypochondriac. He was a Frenchman who loved the English way of life, always tearing at the fabric of his corrupt society. Perhaps more than any other individual of the time, his works challenged people to think deeply about the need to evolve our institutions and culture to be more humane, rational and accountable. If you want to know a bit more about this genius who stood at the crossroads between the old Europe and the New, then join us, as we dive into life and times of Voltaire, the Rascal philosopher.
#voltaire #history #france #enlightenment #philosophy
00:00
02:57 The Hundred Years War
13:05 Franco-Spanish War & the Fronde Rebellion
20:30 Voltaire's Family Background
23:30 The Jansenists
33:00 Young Voltaire's early literary exposure
38:00 Louis XV regency and trouble
42:17 Oedipe (Oedipus)
52:00 Danger, escape, and Lord Bolingbroke
55:05 La Henriade and King Henry IV of France
57:40 Insults, duels, the Bastille and exile to England
1:07:00 Zaïre
1:08:05 La Pucelle
1:11:00 Emilie- Marquise du Chatelet and the chateau of Cirey
1:16:00 Frederick the Great of Prussia
1:23:00 Prussia
1:27:00 Les Delices and Switzerland
1:30:00 Leibniz, the philosophy of Optimism and the Lisbon Earthquake
1:31:55 Candide
1:46:31 Jean Jacques Rousseau
1:51:00 Ferney
1:53:30 The Calas affair
All footage used in this montage is for educational purposes. It remains the property of its respective creators, and is gratefully acknowledged in the end credits of the full length video. Copyright Disclaimer- under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. Please contact us on [e-mail] if you have any concerns about its use.
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[@ericastier1646]

As a French i have never paid attention to foreign biographies of French famous people at least not for long. This is good work, very well done and very different from the French approach. It is more balanced and neutral which is refreshing and a useful perspective as the French tend to be radically pro- or against Voltaire leading in both cases to caricatural biographies.

[@verityundefinedhunt8085]

💕Wow! What a lovely complement. -Cheers.

[@ericastier1646]

@@verityundefinedhunt8085thanks~

[@user-tp3rs6qs8w]

C'est vrai.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thankyou!

[@koltoncrane3099]

That’s a good point. Books by foreign writers maybe more neutral or objective towards a touchy subject.

[@jasonjones4036]

KZbinrs like you are teaching me so much. We're lucky to live in an age of information and for creators like you.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you so much for your encouragement! I'm glad you enjoy my material!

[@warrenny]

Soon to be replaced with AI. Right now two friends are getting scripts and narration dubs for their channels. It's like listening to real.

[@naughtiusmaximus110]

Can't emphasize enough how refreshing your rabbit holes are. I don't know any other youtuber who would put up a video about Voltaire in which the first 20 minutes are about historical context. Anyways, got to go, your Thatcher video is next on the playlist! P.S. Everybody give this man a like and subscribe

[@heroesandlegends]

Its comments like yours that make it all worthwhile

[@susanstein6604]

Voltaire was a vicious antisemite.

[@LangdonComee]

😢

[@chaplin358]

For a guy who studied philosophy in university and an avid EU4 player, this one really hit the spot. Thanks professor!

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you for both your generous comments, and support!

[@bethbartlett5692]

​@@heroesandlegends Copy of my shared thoughts: Note: I was more thorough than originally intended, however, I suspect You might find the read interesting, enjoyable, and I hope some value of informative. Voltaire can be understood as suffering the "Paradigm of his era", that time, current "Mainstream Academics" like to describe as being just at "the Dawn of Enlightenment". However, I have to raise my pen to that concept. Although there was a shift, the Enlightenment had Caps, aka "limits enforced by the Academies of Academics". Moving on to the 18th Century when Darwin raised his "Theory of Evolution " relative to Modern Humans, (which he was not the 1st to discover, rather the one credited for it) a kind-of (Edison vs Tesla situation +/-). At any rate, yes they were evolving into a time when Science was being allowed more visibility and "the Church" ie: Catholic and Protestant Administrators were giving way in slow but forward steps, allowing science information to enter the public domain. When the "Darwinian Model" arrived, it must have been a bit like "Academia gets first car and first date", for they, or maybe their grandsons, seem to have overlooked the "Standards of Science and Research", which requires "Mind fully Open free of any predetermined Beliefs, Theories, Opinions, and allowing the Research Methodologies to extract the greater facts." (simple summary) ... and as the 20th Century wound on, the "Mainstream Academics/Archaeologists " overwhelmingly accepted and adapted this "19th Century Theory as their fact foundation, from which they established their Paradigm and Linear Timeline". As we each gather our own ideas, some fact, and opinions that become our "Thought Program" aka "Subconscious Thought Program" most are highly influenced by the "Paradigm" and/or "Religion Ideologies and Dogma", with a number of these points being accepted as fact and influencing our Perspectives and Discernment. Few have tasked a "Reprogramming the Thought Program", and as one who has, I must say, it requires some establishing a habit of being "Conscious in Thought" and "Applying the Higher Mind", (for all negative thought energies reside in the "Lower Mind, aka Ego Mind, aka Adolescent Mind", the fears and fear based thoughts, jealousy, envy, hate, greed, accusations, Judgemental, etc.") The Higher Mind holds all our Positive Thought Energies, Love, Joy, Creative, Passions, Optimism, Compassion, Discernment rather than Judgemental, etc, the Higher Mind is where Wisdom resides. "Be wary of those whom deem themselves a Genius and all knowing, they are for certain apt to be dangerous and/or Narcissist Personality Disorders/NPD." - Carole Cole "Mainstream Academics are highly Fraternal, observably often speaking from their Lower Mind, and persist at attempting to place Cinderella's shoe on Drucella's foot" - Carole Cole On the Question of why a Benevolent God seems to not intervene ... Truly a subject countless have pondered, be they Philosophers, Students, Academics, or of the Lay Community. In my own quest for Knowledge, for the Truths, Facts, for clarity on and in the subjects of Philosophy and Theology, History, and in the History of the "Roman based Western Christian Religions", I have spent countless hours listening to Presentations, Instructors, Professors, Pastors, Priests, a couple of Pope's ... and a Yale University Class on HISTORY/New Testament Era and Gnostic Gospels, and a variety of PhD's in the field of Academic Metaphysics, MD's, Neurosurgeons, Quantum Physicists, and more ... ... I remain a Student. I would present, what "I feel offers the greater Clarity towards an answer, an understanding around the Question ": As the "Universal Laws", particularly the "Universal Law of Attraction" is defined in Quantum Physics: "Everything that manifests into matter and/or experience, in this 3D Physical Universal, first requires Thought." This says to me: "the Bang came 2nd"! Your patience appreciated here ... As noted by Nicola Tesla, "If you want to understand the Universe, think in terms of: Energy, Vibration, and Frequency " Thoughts and Feelings are Energy that Vibrate on a Frequency. Lower Thoughts are vibrating at a Lower Frequency, the lowest is fear, then hate, anger, etc, making degree advances upward. The Higher Thoughts are Vibrating at a Higher Frequency, the highest is Love, the state of being In-Love Joy, Playing in ones Passions, Celebrations, Laughter, Sharing, Dancing, High Vibe Music, the state of Appreciation, Appreciating, etc. When we are here and our Frequency is in this zone we are Attracting our Desires, our Dreams, and the Momentum is Delicious. Here's where many have attempted to gather the recipe for attaining their Mastery of this Frequency Zone, some have, some have tried and gotten distracted, or frustrated, because they never discovered or understood the value of being: 1) "Conscious in Thought" + 2) "Applying Higher Mind" 3) Making Intentions before going off into the day 4) Meditation, 15-20 minutes daily, (Vast research validating the enormous benefits of this to our Wellbeing, Physical, Emotional, Total Wellbeing, including the values to our Social, Relationships, Creative, all areas benefit ... These are essential to achieve Mastery of our Thoughts, Mind, "Thought Program" = our Perspective. "Thoughts + Feelings X Beliefs" = our Frequency = our Reality The "Law of Attraction" is Absolute. A strong, but true, statement. It is my conception of the Divine Design. We are also in a Dimension of duality, of "+" and "-", and we have "Free Will", Choices ... It truly all begins with Thought, for regardless of a given scenario, 10 people having same experience will have 10 variations and this is the Key to what is and why there such variances ... What we determine is, is what we will experience. Any subject experience is of our Frequency Attracting like. Now, a number of individuals with substantial credibility, from Neurosurgeon, Nurses, PhD's, Academics of every subject, Lay Folks, and those whom hold Spiritual Beliefs, Religion Dogma, Agnostics, Atheists, generally all categories of Ideologies, and Beliefs have had either or both:. NDE's Near Death Experiences, Intuitive Experiences, Visual, Audio, Feeling, Knowing, Tasting, all the Claire's, Channelers, Remote Viewers (validated by Universities, Government Areas of the Military, and the CIA, vast data available ... I've logged hours of listening to their experiences, to Channelers, etc. With an Open Mind, applying the "Standards of Science and Research", which I had drilled into my mind in University, and with all this, I've come to highly respect and value Quantum Physics studies and research that provides validation in and around this subject and the varying experiences of countless individuals, so as to culminate to the "Perspective" that: There absolutely is Vast Intelligence that Designed and Holds our Universe in it Framework, a constant flow of Positive and possibly neutral Energies, that "only we apply additional value positive or negative to", each of us being a Soul Energy infused in a Human Vessel, with all the amazing perfections of engineering that is involved in each life form. Many of those interviewed, rather through their NDE's or those Channeling, speak to the subject that We each have particular subjects that we plan to experience during our Life Journey, and we have Free Will. That means we can Avery a potential undesirable experience, possibly a desirable one, but, ... "We choose to incarnate into this particular 3D Earth Experience, we choose our Parents, Family, and more scenarios" Many indicate that our Family is of a Soul Group, and we have made many incarnations. They overwhelmingly refer to us "being on the cutting edge", "being warriors of a sort", as they say this is the or one of the harder experiences. Upon our Physical Vessel expiration, we Transition immediately to the Nonphysical Dimension, that referenced as a Heaven, that referred to as "being all around us, but our Frequency is too low to perceive it", some occasionally have glimpses and Children often do, because they haven't yet been "Thought Programmed" through what we call Socialization. Well, that's a rather thorough summary of the various and vast information I've come to find. I research various subjects and this one has held a particular Value, a draw that has given me great Peace, far greater Harmony, and yet I still have many questions, and more will come to manifest into my understanding. I share it and from it you choose any/all to accept or not, for it is fully Your Choice and Your Freedom to do so. On Your Works: Absolutely excellent works and Productions you share here. I enjoy you highly Intelligent Perspective and Witt! I know there's a great deal of work that goes into these and I give you most positive Thought Energies of Attracting many Successes! Enjoy and Play in your Passions! Beth Bartlett Sociologist/Behavioralist and Historian PS: Authentic Academics adhere to the "Standards of Science and Research"

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you for sharing those profound thoughts and for your encouragement. For all I know, you may be right; you may be wrong; or perhaps partially either. There was a time I spent much energy deep in thought on such subjects. As life has gone by, and I've borne my fair share of slings and arrows, I content myself with the simple Kantian formula of just being grateful for having something to do; someone to love, and something to hope for. Vibration enough for me.

[@martincox33]

I don’t remember crying at the end of a You tube video before! As a fellow Australian can I just thank you so much for your amazingly comprehensive, enlightening, (no pun intended) entertaining, thoughtful, relaxed, humorous approach to an amazing man! Absolutely fabulous!

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thank you! I really appreciate those kind words! Welcome aboard!

[@RileyRampant]

This was extraordinarily good. Loved the rich historical background, the wit, the comprehensiveness of description. 5 stars, 5 bags of popcorn.

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thanks for that awesome review! It means a lot!

[@nicenice_hamburger9204]

Im also gonna give it 5 bags of popcorn and im gonna throw in two sodas 🍿🍿🍿🍿🍿🥤🥤

[@TheOriginalNiceGuy]

Voltaire was awesome. The original nice guy troll.

[@andrewphilips2457]

Absolutely top notch material. Another home run doc. Best doc channel on the tube IMHO.

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thanks!

[@oleran4569]

I've never known details of Voltaire, but wallow happily in the products of his efforts and his resonant peers. Thank You for this!

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@ya2a16]

This is perfect, , it's like you are reading 📖 a book for us with pictures , so informative and relaxing at the same time, diving into the biography of heroes and legends, your classic precious explanation, so appreciative . 💞👏

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you so much. It's really encouraging to read such generous comments 😀

[@ThereseLawlor]

I agree. I love the narration of the video. Keep up the good work :-)

[@denisestrickland2976]

I have to give you 10 👍’s !! Thank you for this history lesson on Voltaire. I’m going to try to find all his writings that still exist. Thank You! I’ve always loved history. This food for the brain, heart and soul.

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad i helped out in my own small way! Thanks for watching!

[@jomancao2341]

Thank you. This is great work❤. Two and half hours went by and I did not even noticed. Looking forward to the next ones.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for watching- it means a lot to get such generous feedback!

[@mikem820]

Wow ! I don’t think any book I’ve read was as thorough and interesting as this…. Great job and I’m hooked on your channel!

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thank you!

[@jimc.goodfellas226]

One of my favorite historical figures

[@RH-D]

Thank you for taking the time to create this video. I absolutely enjoyed it from start to finish. I was almost in tears at the end. As a student of literature and philosophy I very much appreciate your channel. All the best to you!

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thank you!

[@jodywho6696]

Thank You. For continuing to enlighten us✨

[@heroesandlegends]

You are so welcome. Thanks for watching!

[@droydi]

Thank you for putting your time and effort into this video, I had heard the name many times and now I know why and it was worth every minute learning about it.

[@heroesandlegends]

You're very welcome! Thanks for taking the time to view my work!

[@nicenice_hamburger9204]

these videos are so wonderful. please never stop making them

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks so much! I'll do my best!

[@benstaubyn]

​@@heroesandlegendsDon't change a thing!

[@parkviewmo]

What a delightful documentary! I appreciate your deep dives into history and context. This was the best explanation of the 30 years war that I have ever heard! Thank you!

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow! Thanks! It means a lot to get such comments!

[@srobertweiser]

I haven't caught a keeper in ages. I had this one stuffed and mounted in my watchlist.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for taking the time to watch!

[@kerriebarron]

An epic documentary. I dont think I've stayed with and enjoyed one so much. Well done and thank you from Australia!!

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@boisesoccer]

So many rabbit holes in this one 🤣, Voltaire deserves it!

[@heroesandlegends]

Its what you've all come to expect. Thanks for watching!

[@prototropo]

Perfectly prepared, sleekly written & wryly narrated history of the shenanigans that some historians regard as the social, political, economic and industrial model we call Modernity. I love the breezy disregard that I often feel makes Voltaire an early agent of "metamanufacture;" the knowing, and appealing, conceit that's also the burnish of this channel, of "comment at a remove," as though we're grateful to be here, not there. And that's definitely how I feel, because Voltaire and his company came into a Europe that felicitously sent millions of her sons to brutal deaths in the interminable Wars of Religion. All of that casual violence left in its wake an ocean of bruised moral sensibilities that in turn buoyed observers & thinkers who imagined a more enlightened world in the making, and so adroitly targeted an intellectually absorbent, esthetically evolved audience. I like to think that could also be the case of our time, post-Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Tibet, Nicaragua, Israel, Palestine, Sudan, Uganda, Libya, Venezuela, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Eritrea, N. Korea, Hong Kong, Kurdistan, Myanmar, Chechnya and Ukraine. That list is not bound by religious conflict, just an absence of reverence for human life--a lot like the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Could we launch a renaissance of the Enlightenment? The world has never more needed a rebirth, with less war over religion, and more light from words.

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Well , you COULD try to abolish Human Nature. ? We could all sit around holding hands and sing Kumbayah....? It's not going to happen .Get real ! I actually don't disagree with the points you make apart from that.....

[@user-sk8uo7ew3s]

Absolutely Brilliant, beautifully narrated, More please. Oliver

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for your kind comments!

[@user-wb9vz3dt5y]

Thank you so much I am lucky to have stumbled upon this video as a Voltaire fan. As an "English" major I like to think I majored in Voltaire writing several papers on Candide and one Comparing him (Voltaire) with the styles and writings of Johnathan Swift and P B Shelly. However with Voltaire especially knowing his background and his opinions about the other philosophers is integral to getting the most out of Voltaire's satire. We really need more study of the complicated Voltaire thanks again!

[@heroesandlegends]

You're very welcome! I'm glad you found it enjoyable!

[@user-wb9vz3dt5y]

@@heroesandlegends Actually yes I find the video thorough entertaining and also informative and inspirational to the effect of making me want to visit the library to read more on Rousseau whom I have never studied thanks again I gave a like

[@Kimballion]

you can add "00:00" at the description before other timestamp. this will have the effect of enabling the chapter feature of YT.

[@heroesandlegends]

Roger, will get onto it. Thanks!

[@Kimballion]

​@@heroesandlegendssorry, wasnt clear enough. you should add some sort of text as a header next to it i think, for it to work.

[@spencertherren6806]

Love your channel so very much. We're truly spoiled for choice with this and other amazing history documentaries for free on KZbin. Fantastic.✌️🇺🇲

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thank you!

[@spencertherren6806]

​@@heroesandlegendsHow about Peter the Great? Fascinating man.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for the suggestion! My choice of subject is rather organic- it tends to choose me rather than the other way around. I know that sounds odd, but i really dont plan too far ahead with these. Im sure I'll get to mother Russia sooner or later- they have plenty of candidates to choose from!

[@Neuri]

Excited to watch this thanks for all the hard work. Love your humour as well man great stuff

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for taking the time to view!

[@mindsetmatters370]

Thank you, an example of exhausting and painstaking research. The Man himself would be proud of you.

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thank you!

[@timverrecchia1654]

very interesting!

[@davidverrecchia5821]

Amazing!! Loved this

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad you liked it!!

[@khizarbhindar5743]

Much awaited

[@DF-ss5ep]

The first thing that strikes me from is how much money he came upon. Every time one wonders if this the part of the story the protagonist falls in disgrace, Voltaire is soon met with another windfall The second is the lavish lifestyle, particularly the womanizing, in contrast to the stoicism if the rural areas. This is mentioned, although I suspect it isn't that different today. But that's neither here nor there Third is how many things he did. Is this how a full life is supposed to look? Fourth is that he would be a king in today's social media

[@heroesandlegends]

Yes, great observations! Thanks for sharing!

[@Crossword131]

What a ride. This was so much fun. Thank you.

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@user-cd4bx6uq1y]

Alright, let's see what the video length is all about Edit: 20 minutes and I feel more satisfied then with any other video of this kind I've watched. This is the future

[@allenanderson4911]

Candide blew me away. Tesla almost went mad from exhaustion trying to read his entire output.

[@sladoid]

That was nice, I hope to see more stuff like this

[@heroesandlegends]

Thankyou for watching!

[@warrenchinn4114]

Superb. Loved the dry wit.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@warrenchinn4114]

@@heroesandlegends BTW, your Amundsen doco was brilliant too

[@alessandromienandi1473]

Fantastic work.

[@heroesandlegends]

thank you!

[@waitaminute2015]

Getting the education i missed out on. Thank you.

[@heroesandlegends]

Glad to help

[@DinoFuzz1988]

I LOVE YOUR CHANEL! I learn so much! THANK YOU!!!

[@heroesandlegends]

I'm so glad! Thankyou for watching!

[@zackhartley4718]

Very interesting 🧐

[@Shineon83]

Thanks! What a fabulous doc ❤ (New sub)

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you so much for your generous support!

[@Shineon83]

….Btw, I’ve always thought that Leibnizian philosophy was an 18th C Christian version of “The Power of Positive Thinking” - and that Voltaire’s unconstructed criticisms of him (and many others) in Candide too often sounded like the angry ramblings of a perennially constipated man

[@heroesandlegends]

He was a rascal that's for sure. How he managed to live so long without ending up being shot is itself miraculous.

[@Sencman1]

Excellent

[@heroesandlegends]

Thank you so much 😀

[@onenewworldmonkey]

Yesterday I left kind of a negative comment because of my frustration of not grasping what all you said. It kind of bothers me because I like history and that "if you don't have something good to say...."Quote. I have an opinion now. My frustration came because I lack a foundation in that 30 year war area. I have the feeling that those who really like your videos are those with a good foundation and can enjoy all of your pictures and things. I went to that 10 minute history videos and I better understand because I think I need anchors-points that I relate to and understand before going forward. His videos were often confusing, too, but from distraction that changed my focus. You have all of these subscribers and views so who am I to tell you anything? But I need anchors. It feels like a song without a beat, to me. I'm sharing how I learn. Others are surely different. Say, for example, there were a timeline throughout the whole video at the bottom of the screen? Many would say to get rid of it but it helps me. In my perfect video there would be lots of maps to visualize. Each tribe would have a unique look, but would still be of two characteristics like catholic and protestant. As you can see, your videos do not cater to me, but others who are more numerous. These videos are art. So do what you do and I appreciate all of your effort.

[@heroesandlegends]

There are many ways to tell a story, and every storyteller has their own unique way of telling it. Fortunately on KZbin we have so many wonderful channels to choose from, so as to be easy to find the one that resonates best with you. Thanks for stopping by, and sharing your thoughts

[@ryanbruce6100]

Best Chanel ever

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thanks!

[@hypercomms2001]

Fascinating, but I cannot help but think of CJ Dennis, the sentimental bloke, and ginger Mick explaining Voltaire..... !

[@2Jurkie]

Wonderfull!

[@heroesandlegends]

Many thanks!

[@angelahawke6956]

Thanks

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks so much for once again supporting my work!

[@onenewworldmonkey]

15 minutes of straight confusion is more than enough for me. I don't know enough to make any suggestions, either. I do know that show random picture added to the confusion.

[@user-cd4bx6uq1y]

Somehow 20% and something phone charge lasted throughout the video with 4% remaining

[@RobertBrown-uy8wx]

Interesting history

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for watching!

[@bethbartlett5692]

21st Century ... Millions know Voltaire today, less than 100 know "the Insecure Duke" that aspired to one-up Voltaire. I find this says much about the worthiness of Maturing the Mind, which also achieves a vast more quality of experiencing Life.

[@meenki347]

Note on usage: @ 1:14:30 Not DeCartian model. The correct word is Cartesian model.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks!

[@awizenwoman]

An ancestral relative of mine, Benezet, was his literary agent when Voltaire was in London, and his son went on to be the slavery abolitionist, Anthony Benezet, the much forgotten hero and legend, who greatly inspires me.

[@heroesandlegends]

Wow, thanks for sharing that story! Must look into Benezet!

[@HenkVanderwind]

Tender girl story 4 There are some people in this world who possess a certain kind of sweetness and beauty that is simply unmatched. They radiate an aura of innocence and purity, making everyone around them feel at ease and comfortable. Such is the case with this sweet, beautiful, and tender girl. She is a rare gem, a one-of-a-kind individual who exudes a sense of calmness and tranquility wherever she goes. Her gentle and kind nature is evident in everything she does, from the way she speaks to the way she carries herself. She has a heart of gold, always putting others before herself and going out of her way to make sure everyone is happy and content. Her beauty is not just skin deep, for it comes from within, shining through in her actions and words. As I think about this girl, I can't help but wonder what kind of love she deserves. Should she be swept off her feet by an alpha male, someone strong and dominant? Or does she yearn for a more tender and romantic love, someone who will cherish and adore her for who she is? Whatever kind of love she receives, I have no doubt that it will be pure and genuine, just like her. I often wonder if she is even aware of her own beauty and the impact she has on those around her. Her innocence and naivety make her even more endearing, and I can't help but want to protect her from the harsh realities of the world. But I know that she is strong and resilient, and she will conquer any obstacles that come her way. In my eyes, this sweet, beautiful, and tender girl is like a ray of sunshine on a cloudy day. She brings joy and light wherever she goes, and her presence is truly a blessing. I have no doubt that she will go on to do great things and touch the lives of many with her pure heart and gentle soul. And when it's her time to leave this world, I have no doubt that she will be welcomed into heaven with open arms, for she has lived a life filled with love, kindness, and compassion. She is a true angel on earth, and I am grateful to have known her and witnessed her beauty and sweetness firsthand. Here's to this amazing girl who has left an imprint on my heart, and I'm sure on the hearts of many others as well. She will always be a shining light, a reminder of the goodness and beauty that exists in this world.

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Just a guess but you don't actually know any girls do you ? Have you ever actually met any ?? Try to get out more.......

[@nadeau1]

Absolutely amazing research on this. I don't know how you did it but I will be watching it again as research for my own work. I want to point out that Candide was never a play. It's a short novel. Pamphlet size for quick incineration. In the 1950's, Lillian Hellman was turning it into a play to criticize the McCarthy era when she enlisted Leonard Bernstein to write some songs for it... resulting in a gorgeous musical but total bastardization of the story. Lillian eventually demanded her name be taken off it.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks! I wish you well with your own project. I appreciate you sharing that extra information!

[@nomeyodomar]

Under whichever circumstances, can the Dutch be demonetized 😎It's under their skin (A Portuguese woman with Dutch husban speaking )🤣 It was painful when both we and the Dutch belonged ro Spain. We and the Dutch fighting for independence. Painful we were so tribal amongst each other by then though. Congratulations for this 'studyful' doc. of yours. Voltaire, the needed 'philope' man in that Age.

[@HenkVanderwind]

Tender girl 3 story ze vindt Er is iets onmiskenbaar boeiend over een lief, mooi en zacht meisje. Ze straalt een lucht van onschuld en zuiverheid uit, die een zekere charme uitstraalt die mensen naar haar trekt. Met haar zachte eigenschappen en zacht gedrag is ze als een adem van frisse lucht in een wereld die vaak hard en wreed kan zijn. Ze is het soort meisje dat je een glimlach op je gezicht brengt door in haar aanwezigheid te zijn. Maar ondanks haar zoetheid en schoonheid is dit meisje niet naïef. Ze heeft een rustige kracht en veerkracht die voortkomt uit het ervaren van de ups en downs van het leven. Ze is eerder gewond geraakt, maar ze weigert om die ervaringen haar hart hard te laten maken. In plaats daarvan kiest ze ervoor om het goede in mensen te zien en gelooft ze in de kracht van liefde. Terwijl ze door het leven navigeren, vraagt ze zich misschien af wat voor soort liefde ze zal vinden. Zal het een gepassioneerde en intense liefde zijn, met een sterke, alfa man die haar van haar voeten zal afwissen? Of zal het een zachte en romantische liefde zijn, met iemand die haar zal koesteren en haar zal behandelen als een delicate bloem? Misschien is het een combinatie van beide, omdat ze ontdekt dat liefde in vele vormen kan komen. Eén ding is zeker, dit meisje verdient een liefde die puur en waar is. Ze verdient iemand die haar zal zien voor wie ze werkelijk is, buiten haar fysieke uiterlijk. Iemand die haar vriendelijk hart, haar zachte aard en haar onwrikbare optimisme zal waarderen. Ze verdient een liefde die haar zal verheffen en haar het gevoel zal geven als het meest bijzondere meisje ter wereld. En wie het geluk heeft om het hart van dit schattige, mooie en zachte meisje te vangen, zal er zijn voor een traktatie. Want zij zal liefhebben met heel haar hart, en haar liefde zal zijn als een warme knuffel die de ziel kalmeert. Ze zal vreugde en licht in hun leven brengen, en ze zullen elke dag dankbaar zijn voor de kans om van zo'n opmerkelijk meisje te houden. Dus om de vraag te beantwoorden, moet ze gehaakt worden door een alfa-man? No. Dit meisje hoeft niet gedomineerd of gecontroleerd te worden. Ze moet geliefd, gewaardeerd en gerespecteerd worden. Ze verdient een liefde die puur, zacht en vriendelijk is. En wie het voorrecht heeft om van haar te houden, zal gezegend worden met een liefde die echt speciaal en van een soort is.

[@mikem3789]

Highly popular in public opinion. It seems some find him slightly controversial, others find amusement in his literary contributions.

[@Ronald-wv1bz]

At the end many of Voltaire's quotes are shown one at a time....... anyone desiring to read these will need to half speed and slower still for the longer quotes. I wasn't able to read even one quote at normal speed.

[@heroesandlegends]

Indeed, i vacillated over how best to do that bit, and in the decided that viewers could just pause or slow the playback. Thanks for your feedback, it will all be helpful for future planning

[@riccileggio]

Yes, way too fast, especially since the wit often revolves around double entendre that takes a moment to stick.

[@sarahjackson2397]

This was quite good although I thought Voltaire was a LIBERTARIAN, not a LIBERTINE. These are very, very, different things.

[@2msvalkyrie529]

He was BOTH !!

[@awizenwoman]

Can't help wondering why Emilie never conceived any children with him, or maybe he was firing blanks! He seems to have been constantly in search of the satisfaction, that always seemed to have eluded him, until he was too old to move yet again.

[@imrank340]

I must say very colour full English language used by it's creator while narrating in Aussie Accent with various cuttings of picture, But I like it very new experience.

[@heroesandlegends]

Thankyou!

[@boudivv]

In fact the body in Paris never was Voltaire his body. The monks kept in Siliare and it is still there.

[@enkilm]

What Voltaire was stating in Candide was Epicurianism and what it meant, “tend your own garden with friends nearby is the truth in order to be a true Epicure.”

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks for sharing

[@tehdii]

Before my reading of Jean Orieux Wolter I googled some movies about him on yt. I came for some facts about W. and stayed for the more interesting and delicious news of how hardcore kat can turn a person into a husk...

[@RobCoghanable]

Since the French sent the support troops put them in open support how did they explain their position?

[@Charlotte-vp2fu]

Voltaire and an australian accent....?? OMG.

[@chriskirkman5425]

So😅

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Hmmm......a " cultured " Aussie. ? Miracles CAN happen.....

[@tonypalmasani4659]

Ben franklin was a fan of voltaire. Tounge in cheek at all tine.

[@goldenoriolesilverbirch8220]

The only work of fiction I ever owned ( I'm 63 ) was 'Candide.'

[@jimb1580]

21:10 = Voltaire enters the story ...

[@SteveXNYC]

Volt air = ⚡

[@Atreyu-2]

Does his Soul Live on in a "New" iteration Today? Its Possible. We live in a Time that is Most Strange Indeed! I'm certainly positive that He'd never wind up Re-incarnated in Mississippi, no matter his Love for Faulkner & Welty's Modern Musings.....Well after His Time!

[@sarahjackson2397]

Whoops. My bad.

[@unramoneur4780]

tour de force intro.

[@prototropo]

At 1:50:03, where in the world is a conservative with an essentially socialist, secular, worldview like that?

[@mrledhead68]

George Carlin with a wig...comical factuality. 😂

[@heroesandlegends]

Couldn't help myself. Glad you appreciated it!

[@2msvalkyrie529]

What !! No stills from " Scaramouche "......!?!? A minor fault .

[@j.dunlop8295]

Imagining Voltaire alive today, and posting on KZbin? How long till he'd be banned? His writing led directly to the, the head chopping french revolution! How'd fe feel about? Didn't he died before it came, but the American revolution?

[@ripvanwinkle1819]

He'd be a moderator and fellow reddit warrior

[@piushalg8175]

What the Jansenists believed about savlation waas and is in fact still believed by the Calvinsits (Puritans, Congregetionalsit, Presbterins) and by man other protestant denominations. This teaching is called double destination and was never officiallyy aopted b the Roman church although Saint augustin was held in high esteem. But One must know that Luther used to be an Augustinian monk and professor of theology. No wonder he was very much influenced by Saint Augustin and believed in fact that very few humans would be saved..Moreovr it has to be stated that there wasn't a so called separation of church and state anywhere in Europe in Voltair's time. Especially since the reformation protestant states and protestant churches were intimately bound together (in England this is still the case).The states used to control the churches and the rulers used to be the heads of the church.. The catholic church was never controlled in a similar way by states. And after all it is to be said that for instance in England catholics were at best treated as second class citizen citizens without the right toown land etc. Just to be fair to the french. They were by no means an exception as one might get the impression by this lecture.

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Sad to see what France has become today. ! A minor statelet in the EU . The junior partner to Germany . RIP France 🙏

[@thierrygoyer]

I wonder why the author of this otherwise fantastic documentary totally ignores the sinister and well documented anti semitism by Voltaire. To some extent Voltaire comes out almost flawless like a super heroe, who he was not.

[@Kimdino1]

@thierrygoyer Nobody is perfect, everyone has both faults & good points. The classic 'superhero' only exists in comic books, we can only find them in the real world by taking the overall sum of their achievements. So when we review a historical figure we usually focus on the side of the scales on which their deeds mostly fall. This is because we first have to ask "was he good, or bad?". Having decided that we then have to say why he was such. Voltaire was so overwhelmingly on the good side that he is a 'superhero' in spite of his faults. So much so, in his case, the the faults become almost irrelevant to anybody outside of the study of Jewish history. Consider Hitler. He did some amazingly good things but overall, by a very large margin, he was evil. So when we look back on him, we concentrate on the evil that he did. I suspect that is what is happening here.

[@JLFAN2009]

Who raised in the Christian faith WASN'T an anti-Semite in his day?

[@torigodwin8321]

Voltaire? Talk about Voltaire!

[@malcolmscrivener8750]

The big lesson I’m getting from this is never have anything to do with French Roman Catholics !

[@baddriddimworkshop]

A coward, a snitch, a lyer, a scammer, a hypocrit, a manipulator, a thief, involved in slave trade, he had to flee from germany because of his dishonesty, etc, etc... damn do, i hate Voltaire, may he burn in hell for the rest of time... if you understand french, type 3l'imposture voltaire" right here in yt...

[@georgematiciu5887]

Broo chill the guy died long time ago!!! Any humans has flaws! You talk like he is your enemie!

[@2msvalkyrie529]

" Hypocrite lecteur !!....Mon frere... Mon semblable....!!

[@juangarcia-kq8zp]

Voltaire's challenge: to find out who rules over you, name just half the jews in biden's administration, and use the word jew in your comment - then see if your comment gets censored .

[@waitaminute2015]

Religious tolerance isn't your strength is it? Common sense isn't common.

[@2msvalkyrie529]

He appears to have a point...?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Aren't you a bit too harsh on Switzerland, which was mostly Catholic anyhow?

[@saimbhat6243]

I want to contest your claim that Voltaire's play was banned because of its portrayal of Mohammad. I doubt that turks and arabs during Voltaire's lifetime or even now have any desire or willingness to read whatever shenanigans french are upto. You can provide me a primary source to verify your claim, or just say sorry for your mistake. Lol

[@torigodwin8321]

Ten minutes in and you've lost track of what you set out to talk about.

[@nicolascavadini3570]

Do not bother trying to educate yourself if a 2 hours video on yt is already too complicated for you to properly follow. Turn on your reality tv show, there you should be fine ...

[@loriboufford6342]

At yet. In the end, you knew exactly where you were going ! Well done😊

[@randez626]

This was boring

[@2msvalkyrie529]

Not as boring as your comment !

[@Boxghost102]

Candide is the best book ever written.

[@ohioooo566]

Thanks

[@heroesandlegends]

Thanks so much for supporting my work!