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In oncology, the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol, rather than by a comparatively low rate of glycolysis followed by oxidation of pyruvate in mitochondria as in most normal cells. This observation was first made by Nobel laureate Otto Heinrich Warburg who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme".
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