What is a cyclotron, the physics behind its working and why.

[@vicg5323]

Awesome explanation with formulas. Clear and easy to follow. Thank you.

[@randinoel8918]

Thank you so much for this explanation I am a undergraduate plant science major working in a research reactor. Since radioactive isotopes are not my specialty I have to go to KZbin a lot of the time to fill myself in. So far I’ve only worked with C11 but I might work with some Mn isotopes in the future! This explanation really helps me understand what our physics specialist is talking about :).

[@sweethtooth8412]

I want to work in a hospital where they used a cyclotron to make radioisotopes. The job is called "Cyclotron operator" but i have no experience with the machine, i know how it works but only with the theory and i dont know what to do cause i really want the Job but i dont know where star to get it, i am chemical engineer

[@mathsfornineyearolds]

He does not mess about in his explanations. Explaining things like that is harder than it looks.

[@sudhakarreddy1453]

Lot of clarity about basics 🎉🎉

[@darcy4522]

This really helps. Thank you.

[@jamesarcidiacono177]

This was in our physics lesson today XD

[@uzzy_787]

Same today lol

[@timmac700]

Wow this is fascinating! Thanks

[@PhysicsHigh]

You’re welcome. Check out the follow up video

[@ravalentmarshal5328]

Thanks for the video!

[@ziontech2797]

Very well explained sir

[@RyanSmith-cp5yl]

Couple questions. 1. What is the mechanism and tech of initially injecting the Hydrogen ions? does it just enter in a hole in the gap between the "dees" ? 2. how does this electron 'stripper' work? where do all the electrons that were "stripped' go? is there a secondary use you can use for this collection? 3. i assume same process could be used for anti protons, although polarities would have to be switched accordingly i assume... 4. the 18MEV mentioned, is that based on some prior acceleration into the unit? or is that a slow moving proton? 5. have there been any open source projects to work with platforms like pi, arduino, etc. to build these DIY to get all the math right?

[@nicoler7439]

I thought it was really wholesome how excited he seemed to be at the first particle accelerator

[@millax-ev6yz]

Great explanation

[@PhysicsHigh]

Thanks

[@joyhuang3461]

one of the best explanation!!!

[@BobFrTube]

Brings memories of the cyclotron in Stuyvesant Highschool NYC in 1965.

[@zikermu]

It was very interesting .Thanks a lot

[@PhysicsHigh]

Glad you liked it!

[@timhowell6929]

Very cool thank you for this excellent information!

[@ssimnett9836]

Thank you for your video, very insightful. What if the velocity approached the speed of light? Wouldn't the mass change due to relativistic kinetics, in which case would this then affect the calculations for the angular velocity?

[@PhysicsHigh]

You are correct . Many cyclotrons are sub relativistic. More a challenge to make one to get to relativistic speeds. That’s one of the reasons for the synchrotron invention.

[@keijimorita1849]

What switches the polarity that fast?

[@aniljotwani]

Very educative

[@quantumview8151]

Is there ever more than 2 dees? Also do the dees typically use sine ac or square wave?

[@robinhooper7702]

At 11:40 Are you saying that you use nomenclature to produce FDGs'?

[@ezxd5192]

since the metals dees have an opening (otherwise how would the protons enter?), doesn't that mean electric field can be inside the dees? metals will block electric fields if they are a closed surface but here the metal dees are open

[@dannyarcher6370]

7:52 - 18 MeV. LHC: It's so cuuuuuuute!! 😍😍😍

[@travelthetropics6190]

Thanks mate! This is really helpful.

[@idkmyownname8277]

So are we the ones who change the polarity?

[@rayahhhmed]

this is what 2 am is like xD

[@clemensvorbauer1183]

at about 9:50 into the video the picture of the cyclotron is shown mirrored. that‘s incorrect, the B-field has to be flipped, or the force is in the wrong direction

[@robinhooper7702]

Question. I paused at 5:21 to ask. What is the time component in each revolution of the proton, measuring from its' tightest revolution to the outer most as the proton travels, each circumference? I suspect that the time involved is very much the same if not identical. I have often pondered "How is it that the innermost second hand dial on a conventional clock is the same time measured from its' outer most circumference compared to the inner most distance traveled and yet the same time."

[@Silvertone2000]

How do you get and handle a single proton? Where does it come from?

[@PhysicsHigh]

Usually it’s hydrogen that’s been ionised

[@iJuampis]

Extremely useful!!

[@mathsfornineyearolds]

Physics and chemistry are fun. We made a little oil refinery by melting coal in a test tube. Only a small part of it consisted of petrol, and a lot of benzine in comparison. If we find an alternative to combustion engines we are still going to be mining oil, so what do we do with all that petrol? The minds that watch this and maintain an interest in it will be aware by now of approaching energy crisis, and being young they are going to have the problem dumped on them, possibly in their life time.

[@thearmando5729]

the frequency of the charge is not the same one of the polarity change, the polarity change is T/2 and since T= (2 pi x m)/ (B x q) the polarity frequency is pi x m / Bq.

[@PrashathSiva]

Awesome ❤

[@deadeye_john]

7:51 Does this mean that the strength of the magnetic field in the cyclotron is also 18 MeV?

[@PhysicsHigh]

The magnetic field strength of the cyclotron is measured in Tesla. And it is different to the 18 MeV. That number refers to the energy of the protons as they exit the cyclotron.

[@kevinpreis4868]

Great video! I am wondering what is the limit for how many particles can be accelerated per one cycle at once? Also, can't we replace the heavy electromagnets with neodymium magnets - similar magnetic field, but the cyclotron is much lighter?

[@Th4thWiseman]

Neodymium magnets cannot withstand the heat , that's why electromagnets are used.

[@MikeHunt-no2kt]

Is the polarity changed via alternating current?

[@PhysicsHigh]

Yes, it is though it is not sinusoidal

[@jacklineassah3456]

I just learnt this

[@ItisImarko]

Hei hipi.. Why you make voltage as as V(velocity) it should be U or E.. (U =12v)? Is that some standard in kwak kwak and Australia?

[@Bang6484a]

Is it for digging?

[@Bodapedica]

I'm confused, Why did you re-arrange the formula at 4:28 ?

[@rty1955]

Explain what a auto gradient synchrotron is. Whats the diff between thay and a cyclotron

[@PhysicsHigh]

I did a video on the synchrotron How a synchrotron works - the LHC the Large Hadron Collider at CERN as an example kzbin.info/www/bejne/o4HQgJKZbrCjatE

[@Akli12]

What type of material are the two semicircles made of ??

[@seahhorrell]

at 8:32 you say the protons energy is 18 MeV. I thought a proton has 938 MeV. (about 100 X its 3 quarks, 9.4 MeV.) so, what's up with that?

[@PhysicsHigh]

I’m talking about it’s kinetic energy. It’s moving at nonrelativistic speeds

[@johnishikawa2200]

These machines-the cyclotrons-and the science behind them are a testament to the awesome power of the human mind. I believe that the future holds great promise for us-provided we get climate change under control-something which can be done with the technology already available, but that politics is blocking hand that we don't destroy ourselves in our technological "adolescence".

[@spraynprey1044]

Several ppl have solved our dependence on gas/petroleum for fuel. All have one thing in common, they died shortly after. It's a fact not 'taught' in school but is very true. Have fun figuring out who they were

[@steventhompson5365]

do other particles become present inside the accelerator and go in shorter or longer spurts than the particle it's accelerating while the particle accelerator is working and going? can it accelerate 2 particles of the same type and or separate types to see how the interact?

[@mauriziom.6788]

Could not the speed of movement also be able to store energy via electrostatic energy? As in Faraday's or Van de Graaff machine ...

[@lawrencecole6527]

Wouldnt it escape perpendicular to the tangent, and not tangentially?

[@PhysicsHigh]

No tangentially

[@kt.nukegorthon9674]

But where do they get the particals to begin with.. not like a grain of sand we can just grab and drop in particle accelerator

[@ronaldwhite1730]

thank - you . ( 2022 / May / 14 )

[@ameliajohn7597]

why is the velocity increasing?

[@PhysicsHigh]

I thought I explained that. Every time it travels a half circle it gets a boost by the voltage in the gap. The voltage gives it energy and this kinetic so faster.

[@ameliajohn7597]

@@PhysicsHigh oh okay, thanks a lot :)

[@50esined]

I’m only twelve and I’m interested in this stuff…how

[@smichaels10]

Thank you! It’s people like you who help to advance technology.

[@AzureUnlinked]

Everyone who's interested in physics at any age would be lol

[@handlebarss]

that's so cool!!

[@danedgar1539]

How is the proton injected when it cant even be seen?

[@PhysicsHigh]

It’s hydrogen gas that has its electrons ripped off. So not one proton but many.

[@mariekatherine5238]

Neat! Too bad there was no KZbin in the late 1950’s and following. I could have used this vid and the other about the synchrotron to explain “what my Daddy does at work!”

[@cj-ce1fr]

I was just able to destroy my feeding tube through quantum physics and hyperspead up metabolism with CERN amplifiers minus x80 % fat + slimx20 metabolism acceleration + blood cleaning centrus particle at a million x faster 🥰

[@bryanthomas7963]

Jeez dude, thats sick, i need a step by step tutorial on how to achieve this!

[@sanchi7410]

Workout?

[@Thefreakyfreek]

As somone whit a hyperactive metabolism I can tel you you dont want it to be that fast I eat enough for 3 persons and burn it fast You know how much that cost and how often I need to take a dump I did not eat for 3-4 days(illnes) and I lost 3-5 kg of my already lite weight

[@Anders-Rostam]

good explenation, thank you, but what it releases, its an electron, i think u say it wrong.

[@NotABushFan1]

Could this be the same as a Mag-a-Tron used in microwaves?

[@frizzlefry1921]

Those work with a series of resonant chambers. ‘Magnetron’

[@gbmillergb]

Particle accelerators operate kind of like shooting bullets at a car and try to identify where the pieces blown of the car belong.

[@ManyHeavens42]

they should apply this technology to solar panels.

[@EdgyNumber1]

This was in my KZbin suggestions after I watched a Ghostbusters reaction video.. lol

[@PhysicsHigh]

haha - well that is surprising. - KZbin algorithms are weird, but I hope you like it

[@EdgyNumber1]

@@PhysicsHigh Well I guess their proton packs use a cyclotron for their particle throwers. Pseudoscience (which oddly makes it believable in amongst the absurdity) but a fun movie.

[@anneb302]

Biomedical scientist incoming! I do not understand why the proton would go around in circles instead of just left and right. Can someone explain this maybe?

[@erlikkhann]

Because of the magnetic force. The force of the magnetic field on the proton is the direction of cross product of velocity and magnetic field vectors. Keep in mind that tangential velocity and radial velocity dont change in magnitude but in direction DUE to the MAGNETIC FIELD. Cross product of velocity vector that is constantly changing in direction and a constant magnetic field vector results in a magnetic force on the proton RADIALLY INWARD. You can think of it as a ball attached to a string attached to a rod and the ball is rotating around that rod with maximum tension on the string.

[@Peter_Riis_DK]

Information is missing which makes this mostly incomprehensible.

[@erinpitt580]

" ...... Why worry? Each of us is wearing an unlicensed nuclear accelerator on his back. .... "

[@ManyHeavens42]

Genius.: I should have seen this Myself,I'm 💢 hahaha Yep ,I'm a Mad scientist I knew it was going to Happen

[@Kazimierz_motorsports_23]

HA niceee!!!

[@diamondstudios2568]

How many here are Ghostbusters fans who looked this up ✋

[@terrysikes6638]

I thought Cyclotron was one of the Transformers.

[@mlatti2]

🎉

[@robinhooper7702]

Think of a Black hole and how it manifests energy...Mother natures' Cyclotron...

[@shauljonah6955]

So nearly 20% the speed of light. Not to bad to go to Mars with.

[@KGBJACKAL]

I love using this in space to create wildfires and “natural disasters” 😂

[@Dad-and-the-lad]

2 d's... so... basically a big set of double d's?

[@covalent4897]

who else cam from mr naga

[@oladosvinzuella6998]

in 2020 and your video is 720p damn

[@gkess7106]

An electric bicycle?

[@seandarke1892]

1st. Generation ufo technology

[@thisisyourcaptainspeaking2259]

Not your everyday CAT scan, it's a PET scan.

[@magnitudematrix2653]

I see, your using magnetic field density to compress and decompress matter until you reach the magnitude to make your element. This is also known as compressions and refractions. Lets turn and burn!

[@lisarlynch1]

E

[@skysurferuk]

You lost me at "inject a proton".

[@paulinio82]

If you're ever in Dubai shout me up for some buckwheat bolognese bro

[@quistan2]

Its when you're with a girl and your like laru laru laru... OHH, cyclOOotron, im describing something totally different.

[@alexanderbell7746]

WRONG EXPLANATION,, ELECTRICITY ARE FUEL OF GRAVITY TO INCREASE THE SPEED FOR ACCELARATING THE MAGNET

[@kevinbroderick3779]

OMG! It's Father John Mulcahy from M.A.S.H., wow! Where's your Hat 🧑‍🌾 and Cross ✝️ ?

[@PhysicsHigh]

I look nothing like him

[@kevinmichaelbergman8276]

Nothing new so I'm not concerned about it but I don't want you finding any of my secrets so I will be watching. We are the Entity of many names. I am God Adam=Kevin, God Sygba, God Shiva, AKA Atum Keivan Loki Kabir Kyivan Keiv Kyiv God Shiva, God Allah, with a New God Adlu, from Lillith! We are the Trinity of 12 God Kevin, and God Adlu, God Sygba, God Shiva, God Allah with our Goddesses Tiamat, Ishtar, Gaya, Sophia, Athora, Lillith, Terra,! We are the Trinity of Trillions of the Universe Elected by our Ansestors and we Destroyed all Fake God's and Devils who we're all Criminals we destroyed already I God Kevin invented a Weapon Technology which Changed the Universe we finally were able to Destroy the Spirits of those who we could not before, now we are at peace with each other again without those who are Evil.

[@oliverheaviside2539]

Someone takes too many ‘shrooms.

[@kevinmichaelbergman8276]

@@oliverheaviside2539 Sand Particles wow brainless

[@goatsinker347]

I fell asleep; hope this guy doesn't teach professionally.

[@oliverheaviside2539]

@Goat Sinker. He is an excellent teacher, but you have to have a good foundation of math, physics and chemistry to fully follow him.