What Matter Makes Up Our Known Universe? | Jim Al-Khalili | Spark

The great 19th-century Austrian physicist, Ludwig Boltzmann was one of the most important proponents of the idea that all matter is made of atoms.
Today no one doubts this is true but in Boltzmann's day it was a controversial idea and many of his contemporaries disagreed with him. But Boltzmann used brilliant mathematical arguments to show that many aspects of the world we observe, like the behavior of heat, can be explained if one accepts that atoms are real.
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[@STEM671]

" when we understanding how Machines work we will understanding how universe works " : : mankind's pshyology : : child birth : : structured language : : nexit

[@davidwbybee3450]

9

[@wings9925]

Prof. Jim is right up there with Brian Cox, as one of the most engaging and inspiring teachers of our time

[@stannardg84]

Since seeing the first documentary narrated/hosted by him I said the same thing. You can just feel how passionate he is as well as happening to have a really clear and engaging voice and charisma.

[@karencove7197]

Agreed! I wish that Jim Al-Khalili did more documentaries/lecture. I try to watch them all.

[@walkingandadventures6114]

Better

[@qumpania]

Cox is way too arrogant when unscripted. Jim cognitive abilities are also order of magnitude above those of Cox.

[@danielpaulson8838]

@@qumpaniaI’ve watched both of the extensively. You are expressing a personal opinion. Arrogance.

[@SysterEuropa]

This is one of the best and most beautiful documentaries on science in existence today.

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@bafflezbiz]

Every documentary narrated by Jim al Khalili is the best I've ever seen.

[@Ockwells57]

I just revised my second law of thermodynamics at my age 91. In my college days I worked a lot with Entropy when working on steam cycle. I also happened to visit Fusion laboratory in Oxfordshire on a College trip and was intrigued by a 700 ton flywheel was used to give a sudden burst of energy required for Fusion experimement. I read scientists are gradually aproaching the temperature required for sustained fusion. Great lectureby Prof. Al Khalili.

[@DaytonAutika]

You just revised your second law of thermodynamics? What in the fuck is that supposed to mean?

[@PibrochPonder]

@@DaytonAutikait means they read up on it. You know revised like revising for an exam.

[@RightlyDividingToday]

42:55 after 91 years fatefully discovers HIS OWN inevitable demise relentlessly displayed by the Material Laws of this Realm/Universe

[@RobLarkins]

It means when presented new data, he’s updated his understanding of how something works. Isn’t that how science is supposed to work?

[@garysday]

Everything Jim writes or creates is simply awesome !

[@alexmoore432]

He has a unique way of explaining relatively complex and difficult to explain ideas and processes so that they become accessible

[@bigtigerandlion]

3:56 ライプニッツ (Leibniz) 14:08 カルノー (Carnot) 22:21 クラウジウス (Clausius) 29:59ボルツマン (Boltzmann

[@dysfunc121]

Years ago I watched these series and they actually blew my tiny little mind and I feel like my life since then has been perpetually falling down this rabbit hole over and over and over.

[@verncuepublic1730]

The Truth let’s you climb out when you need to. Don’t let it consume you.

[@sobesao6477]

@harry macdonald in the middle east, they refuse to believe the earth rotates, because if its true, they should be able to jump and end up in london and another jump new york with the last jump back reality.

[@cancon88]

Taking too many drugs

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@andybilakshow260]

@@cancon88 or not enough. Maybe the wrong ones

[@irishwristwatch2487]

This is probably the best documentary channel on youtube right now. Always excited when they upload!

[@shaneelvis1699]

Check out" Best Documentary "

[@shakagod3779]

Absolutely. Top comment.

[@shaneelvis1699]

I like it

[@linkin543210]

It’s a BBC documentary, resold

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@cb7324]

Cambridge Prof Simon Schaffer's commentary was particularly wonderful to listen to. Thank you, Wonderful program. Beautifully edited.

[@cravenmoore7778]

I normally don't find these interesting, but I like this episode 👌

[@C01A60]

This documentary video must be shown in every school teaching physics!

[@Halfmoonbaystudios]

The car shot with you talking is brilliant. Keep up the great work !! ❤🤲🏻

[@whirledpeas3477]

He's one of my favorites. Also he might be the only person born in Iraq named Jim. Respect 🙏

[@sasantarom]

This series of documentary is in totally different level. I'm truly amazed in many ways.

[@paulmurphy8549]

10 to 15 years old I think

[@farnazfard1670]

One of the best documentaries

[@nadeemayub2981]

What a way to tell..... Marvelous. Wish everybody could see your immense dedication and contribution.

[@yvonaamariaa]

I have concluded one thing. Discovery requires a tremendous amount of thinking.

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@Joestudly]

Maybe not, when it comes to physics maybe we think too much

[@martinstehli6346]

That silk portrait of Jacquard was hanging on the wall in the living room in my grandparents' house, and the cousins and I never had any idea what it was. Our family came from Lyon and started a silk works in Pennsylvania way way back in the day. Glad I watched this!

[@helenaleahy9396]

Is worth lots of money in any museum

[@lilrubfrsocal6708]

That's so cool!!👍 U should get one too, keep it going!!!

[@PRH123]

Wow, what an interesting history…

[@cb7324]

@martinstehli6346 Your family has stepped into history. How wonderful to find it in this documentary. You've come full circle and now you know what it was. What makes the portrait so amazing is knowing his story and what it was made of.

[@mattieuleveille]

Amazing content! Thanks for sharing knowledge!!

[@PizikSpaeth]

All stolen from the BBC

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@bioxbiox]

One of the most exciting episodes of popular science videos. I am watching it for the third time and it is still a mesmerizing amalgam of facts, history, and most of all, a great narrative.

[@norarohan467]

Understanding the universe is fantastic.

[@karolmetal4256]

This is an amazing documentary

[@djbenje4019]

When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.

[@alocinotasor]

8

[@cledieu]

Truly mesmerizingly beautiful. Thank you.

[@thedarklord573]

Great fun documentary if you’re enrolled in mechanical engineering thermodynamics… I graduated years and I think knowing a little history behind Clausius statement would’ve been nice.

[@mikekincaid7412]

What is turmoil dianimate?? Can I element rats with that stuff??

[@gydur]

LOVE your programmes.. thanx!

[@teguharifandi3489]

goosebumps while watching that fusion reactor glow, amazing

[@cb7324]

I kept thinking what if it exploded any minute. Then what!???!!!! Surprised they didn't mention CERN.

[@ro-jayno-yay3185]

BEAUTIFUL. AMAZING. Unreal. Production value is off the charts. Ambient music kills it. Big thanks to all involved with this Spark.

[@recsund]

Think the BBC made this few years back!

[@ro-jayno-yay3185]

@@recsund THANKS BBC! Too funny! Im glad it was made a few years back, otherwise they would have made Lizzo the Isaac Newton of history.. Ha.

[@daphne4983]

The music is sublime

[@ro-jayno-yay3185]

@@daphne4983 True. I was lost in it for a bit.

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@bigantplowright5711]

Takes me back to the dark days of physical chemistry and Dr Stubbins thermodynamics lectures. I wish we had had Jim!

[@june-yongjee8385]

A profoundly thought-provking documentary which forms a bridge between "intangible" and "tangilble". Absoultely worth investing 2 hours.

[@XxXenosxX]

Really great content! Should be seen by every student

[@archiedonza6347]

I love listening to him and his way 9f speaking on silence and it's history. Keep it up Jim Ali kalili

[@11lwatson]

Absolutely awesome presentation

[@agharohailmehmood4224]

EXTRA ORDINARY RESEARCH FOR THIS INFORMATIVE EPISODE 🎉 THANKS FOR

[@watgaz518]

Loved every bit of this 💡☎️🖥️ Always makes a subject interesting does JAK🏆

[@marcelobrombilla]

Great stuff. I watch over 5 times to understand it all. Congrats!

[@victorgibson4932]

Anything Jim Al Khalili does is brilliant. He keeps it easy to understand and always interesting. The thing about these videos, the amount of adverts! Does anyone watch them or does everyone press skip ASAP?

[@lisamuir4261]

46:41 omg.... the intensity! I will have to say i can somewhat relate to the pressures of ot being understood when trying to say or do what i need to. Ill leave it at that as im quite sure most will know where im comics from. It is what i hope is taken farther and explainable to progress in better undersranding entropy in all areas especially psychologically.

[@daveyespo]

This program was thrilling and, strangely inspiring to me. The beauty, and the Majesty of it all and its ability to be perceived by man.

[@bellardosilacan3432]

Excellent informations thanks sir

[@SouthOfSanity79]

I love this guy he is a phenomenal human being. He's a wonderful teacher. More people to pay attention to what this man has to say. He is on point! 🙏🙏

[@swampgaming4120]

@@batsoup8338 h h be

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@johncoyle8139]

Hate that expression"on point" Very pretentious 😏

[@TimPerfetto]

@@johncoyle8139 I think he is the devil

[@rubi588]

@@TimPerfettowhy

[@edwardlewandowski5473]

Prof.Jim!!✋ zawsze poziom i elegancja wykładu popularno-naukowego✨🌹,,rzeczywistość,,zadziwia i szokuje🌃😯!?

[@FastFunFactFriday]

These are all the best documentaries I've ever seen. I never fully understood the double Slit experiment till I watched him!

[@sgill4833]

It's just amazing how quickly Humanity has developed.

[@kentauree]

Yes now we are far more efficient at killing each other.

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@James_the_Builder]

and at the same time, declined. As above 👍 so below 👇

[@hugoh.9694]

Makes me think this just one of MANY human episodes of sophisticated technical advancements and then somehow hurled BACK into the stone age through maybe some sort of natural/Galactica global disaster.

[@PRH123]

Science has developed quickly in recent times…. looks like the progression of humanity though is going backwards in this 21st century….

[@redriver6541]

This has became one of my favorite channels on KZbin. I love it.

[@stephencummins7589]

That was the most beautiful inspiring educational program I’ve ever. Thank you.

[@KaliumArsenowich-pn9dy]

Thank you Professor Jim. This was very informative.

[@ricardocesardasilvagomes9549]

Mais um trabalho espetacular.....obrigado, mestre!

[@user-hp4ub2yr5h]

Thank you for sharing your knowledge, i really appreciate. 🙏🙏

[@joeshmoe5687]

so, when i didnt clean my room as a teenager, i was more in tune with the universe 🤪

[@toysforboysrc]

I love his narration 👏🙏 so cozy to listen to and engaging.

[@jomarc8766]

Its called brainwashing to psyop mind control but a lot less sophisticated tech than Voice to Skull mind control. Dont be a sheep who falls for the glamour, research yourself to avoid falling victim.

[@prakashms9621]

Very lucid description of most complex problems. Thank you.

[@swallehisadirisa4717]

Thanx so much professor indeed u changed my world

[@BrainWaveS101]

From Jacquards loom to algorythms! Fascinating

[@C01A60]

This video must be shown in every schools teaching physics!

[@maxime9636]

Thank U so much prof👍👍👍💓💓💓

[@junkercars]

I'm proud that I thought entropy on my own before learning about it from the experts... I could could understand how things went from a hot state to a cool state...but not vice versa... this in fact was a form of entropy...

[@dickJohnsonpeter]

Well the wings of eagals have one feather, the tranimal. I have it on great authority that Mr. Toad will not be attending your sauce festival but the Ents will light the lamplights on Griminal eave for you. Have a lovely day and don't eat the frooootcake.

[@royalegamer2704]

Very interesting. This documentary was produced few years back. Wonder what new tech and discoveries have been made since

[@thewizardsofthezoo5376]

They have been focusing on Uranus apparently.

[@SplendidKunoichi]

not much i should think. all the science covered here really has left the world unrecognizable ever since and is itself very old by now, but I get the feeling it represents some of the biggest ideas that are even fathomable, let alone 100% real. so to fully grasp would take us more time, whatever the scale

[@lit2021]

1:36:40 Charge your phone, Jim xD

[@frankkoslowski6917]

True, writing words has done a lot for us, but we need a code that will forever remain clear, concise, and nonambiguous. 😭

[@OT-up7pc]

These are the best documentaries ever

[@g2squared]

Truly exceptional❕

[@jjbrown675]

Can I git two Tokamacs, small fries and a cherry coke?

[@klebermarcio1317]

Jim Al Khalili is so amazing explaining things about Physics

[@JOHN-tk6vl]

Agreed. He is top class.

[@macieyid]

Why distinguish deletion? I'd say storing information needs energy too. And copying feels like better choice for the basic operation. Moving, or "destructive copying" is for free, and duplication takes energy.

[@stephensonal4082]

Yet another brilliant documentary, joining events over time to show where we are at this moment. But a fundamental aspect needs great consideration as 'things move from order to disorder' tapping into the 'rate' of or 'speed/velocity' of this disorder changes by either decreasing or increasing depending on inventions and developments - but, what is the mean rate of entropy?. If the goal of human is to delay reaching 'total entropy', then what we are doing to the climate is of importance. Not bringing religion into this but in religious text we know that we start an action and its another that continues ('the Moses to Joshua effect', throughout this documentary progress had been highlighted in this way) So where a seed is sown now with technology and the continuous development thereof we need time. If we know the 'rate' we know our timing and the steps that are the best way forward.

[@cb7324]

Beautifully said. Thank you. I share your concerns and so does Goeffrey Hinton, "Godfather of AI." He quit Google and is on YT warning of the dangers.

[@physicsouruniverse2798]

What a informative video

[@dominicdudebromtl9380]

an... what "an" informative video. ;-)

[@freestyle8886]

Amazing video, thank you!

[@djbenje4019]

When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.

[@iitzfizz]

Being from northern UK the cotton mills were a huge thing here during the industrial revolution

[@T2D.SteveArcs]

I'm from the UK also and as a kid I visited Titus Salts Saltaire and so on👍

[@SCORP1ONF1RE]

yippie

[@baguiobeats]

If the tokamak really sounds like that then it's legit kickass. 55:30

[@bhatkat]

Good stuff well presented.

[@jayrovers]

More Jim.... he's a wonderful presenter

[@VeganSemihCyprus33]

💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥

[@SCORP1ONF1RE]

No thanks! Sick of the english accent!

[@Privacityuser]

Tracking blobs in the turbulent edge plasma of a tokamak fusion device

[@eddyboyblues]

You are awesome teacher, thank you.

[@lisamuir4261]

35:47 amazingly shown. Am a bit relieved i must say feeling the way i do. This does get me upset about how our schools ate lacking teaching. I loved Biology, 98 average and band as well. There is so much i was pushed out of and my daughters generation is even worse. Had it been different, i know id been so much farther and my daughter as well. Its terrible how things are these days.

[@scarter9447]

Energy and information are conserved. So as there is entropy there is also it's opposite in equal measure. Such as black holes which vacuum up dispersed energy, mass and information and concentrate it again.

[@ruachadam5227]

...Wonderful study on physics and information....However, never forget this. There had to be a 1st Cause for both physics and information. And it is undeniable that both physics and information must come from an Intelligent Source.

[@edcliffe2988]

My Je'daii character in Star Wars is an academic who understands that all things end. The second law of thermal-dynamics are a chief reason for that.

[@jomarc8766]

I used to love Dr Jim Khalili on the BBC especially the one sentence after 10 minutes footage with scary sci fi music taking you the brink followed by 10 minutes of more silence & music. Missing BBC zillions & still no curvature.

[@jimo9555]

0:23 the earth looks exactly like the Hubble deep field image here 🤯

[@wings9925]

Liebniz: Philosopher, scientist and master biscuit maker 😊

[@sonarbangla8711]

In this video, Jim explored how information and energy are entangled and are encoded in the nature of binary bits, only the next step of superposition of QUBITS allowed Maldacena to conjecture how quantum computing function can explain everything in the universe and let Penrose explain how irreversible system can be built from reversible (big bang to big crunch in an ever cyclic universe when entropy was always increasing.

[@djbenje4019]

When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.

[@sonarbangla8711]

@@djbenje4019 The Demon wasn't Jim's, I think it was Bell's.

[@annehoskins5795]

I also have my ups and downs like Boltzmann. I can be productive when I feel energetic but when in an emotional slump, I let things slide thus creating a scene of disarray. Maybe his depression led him to discover entropy.

[@hansdegroot652]

Does the speed of light limit also apply to the vibration of atoms? If so than there is a maximum temperature?

[@vladidaas]

Such a great project!

[@sonichuizcool7445]

The one thing I'm grateful for. No matter what we do we will never destroy space or touch it like we have ravaged ourselves and our planet. Once we are gone the universe will carry on like we were never here... As pure as it always was.

[@Fomites]

Great music too

[@Glenn-F-Rice]

When Jack Copeand said that the computer fell sideways thats how the truly great ones roll.

[@CV_CA]

14:50 Students are still learning in school the Karnaugh map.

[@brianswelding]

4 minutes in I just realized I watched this not too long ago. Guess what? Going to watch it again.

[@JustNow42]

Do not forget Emilie du Chatelet that droppede Ball into clay to measure the impact. She found the kinetic energy KE = k m v^2 , but well the concept of KE did not exist at that time.

[@keithmiddlehurst4036]

I'm thinking what they built even then, was marvellous.

[@justing1474]

Hey dude, I watched yr video on Quantum Physics, which I really enjoyed as you described it superbly, but canna seem to find the second part… anyone help? 🙏

[@xkapade_official]

What is the intro music? It is mesmerizing!

[@DontbeAsshole]

...if you play this intro music into somebody else's cell phone while they press the "what's this song" button... .. .....(🎙️).... It should be able to identify it for you,... But it is very similar to a lot of other mysterious ambient music out there so it may be hard to identify, but you definitely will find a lot of other amazing mesmerizing music by trying because it'll find the nearest thing to it... ... And you will love all of those as well, I listen to them all the time,...very relaxing,, ....good for focus,,, good for sleep....good for thinking...good for not thinking... Good luck..

[@xkapade_official]

@@DontbeAsshole I tried using a third party app to do exactly that. The app has been 90% successful in the past… but not for this particular tune. The hunt continues…

[@DontbeAsshole]

@@xkapade_official yeah I kind of suspected that it might be difficult to identify, it's such a non distinct sound, I'll give it a try one of these days when I get a second phone near me and I'll let you know what happens for the fun of it,.. .... If you want to hear other mesmerizing space music that is often just like this, all you have to do is search for "ambient space music" and that should take you near to the sounds we're talking about. ....,.......

[@abcdef-rf6xt]

I want it too, but shazam just can't :(

[@skeltek7487]

It is not the 'data' containing the information, but the context or machine giving it meaning and classifying the data type sets. Encryption revolves around the same concept, which changes the context by Permutation or alteration. When the data gets put in context by the machine. And Maxwell's demon doesn't work, because the speed and amount of fast and slow moving particles gets changed in each chamber, making measurements interfere asymmetrically and slow particles keeping the 'door' open for too long for slow moving particles to pass. Also the walls would also start bouncing around.

[@vynderma]

What is commonly known as Boltzmann's equation was really first stated by Planck.

[@MyDreamHobbies]

Someone, please explain, in maxwell's demon thought experiment, even with the information about molecule separation of cold and hot molecules requires some energy right?

[@SubvertTheState]

Yeah its impossible but its a thought experiment about entropy. Entropy in a closed system always increases: order to disorder. Maxwell's demon was a challenge to that hypothesis. If you could have perfect knowledge and insight, you could separate the atoms/molecules and collect all of the hot ones on one side, all of the cold on the other, therefore reversing entropy.

[@MyDreamHobbies]

@@SubvertTheState Thanks for the clarification !!!

[@cb7324]

@@SubvertTheState Perfect knowledge is likely what is driving AI.

[@RunnerFever]

Thanks!

[@gracamanuel8636]

Can you imagine a universe where S < 0.

[@qualquan]

Entropy = More Probable Information = Order (static or mobile) but creation of order is by the increase in entropy or disorder. Spray of water (order) wets dry plant (increase in disorder) making it flower (order) which withers (disorder).