Who were the Cuman-Qipchaq Peoples? - Ancient Civilizations DOCUMENTARY

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Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations and nomadic cultures continues with a video on the Cumans, as we ask and explain who the Cuman-Qipchaq peoples were.
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The video was made by Haley Castel Branco, while the script was written by Jack Wilson. The video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
00:00 Introduction to the Cuman-Qipchaq people
01:28 Origins and history of the Cuman-Qipchaqs
05:34 Cuman-Qipchaq culture and society
11:19 Mongol conquest and transformation
15:51 Cuman-Qipchaqs as mamluks and ghulams
17:17 Cuman influence in Europe and Asia
18:35 Legacy of the Cuman-Qipchaqs
19:03 Conclusion
#Documentary #Cumans #Nomads

[@KingsandGenerals]

🎥 Join our KZbin members and patrons to unlock exclusive content! Our community is currently enjoying deep dives into the First Punic War, Pacific War, history of Prussia, Italian Unification Wars, Russo-Japanese War, Albigensian Crusade, and Xenophon’s Anabasis. Become a part of this exclusive circle: kzbin.info/door/MmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fwjoin or patron: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals and Paypal www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals as well!

[@Balsiefen]

Hi, Just wanted to feed-back that the twisting swaying lens effect on the map, particularly around 8:30 is a bit of a nightmare for motion sickness.

[@death-istic9586]

Love your videos!💚

[@berkosmansatiroglu]

Nogai, Baybars, Gluams, Delhis... Thanks. That video is lost piece of puzzel. Thank you.

[@wisdomleader85]

Kingdom Come: Deliverance is one of my favorite video games since I learned some history of central Europe from it, and I really appreciate that you guys made this episode, as well as pointing out the historical flaw regarding the Cuman masks in the game. Thank you guys. 👍🙏

[@shzarmai]

cool video

[@Danatar555]

I am a Kypchak from Northern Kazakhstan, salem to my brothers and sisters from all over the world! Thank you for this video!

[@iqmi_3]

Сәлем, бауырым)

[@danielalmazov1]

Salem Qırgızstandan baurym 🇰🇬🤝🇰🇿

[@erafreddy1658]

Асалаумағалейкум

[@huska390]

Salam kazak karındaşım

[@QushtarQassiyet1230]

Greeting from Kazakhstan🇰🇿❤I am Kazakh, which one of the successors of Qipchak people, and I love and support your video and channel

[@ayoubzahiri1918]

legends state that the cuman people were big coomers

[@layazh2753]

It is True! There is clan(in qazaq "ru", it means clan, country, state or tribe) named Qipchak(or Kipshak)

[@teomanvural897]

Kazakların kumanlarla direk olarak akrabalığı yoktur kipcaklarla olabilir..

[@Florin_229]

Yeah it is​@@layazh2753

[@lajoszsommd1526]

I am a Cuman Hungarian or kun magyar, living in a town named after a Cuman prince, Zotmaz. As a physician, scientist and philosopher, I can assure you that we are still very much alive today.

[@erenakca7022]

Greetings from Türkiye to all grandsons of a big nation , the elite warriors of steppes. (I am a physician also)

[@MichaelBolar-de8im]

I thought the cumans were wiped out or assimilated good to see that they are still alive but do they have a different culture than Hungarians?

[@lajoszsommd1526]

@@MichaelBolar-de8im Consequences of typical Western historiography. No, the Cumans were not wiped out. You can witness right this minute just how difficult it is to wipe out a nation even with sacrosant modern technology. But yes, we assimilated to Hungarians, 800 years is a long time. Yet, Cumans in Hungary are noticable partly through facial characteristics, of course you cannot observe my face just take my word for it, but also we are a bit distinct from the typical westernized masses by fighting spirit, extreme resilience and a strong philosophical flare. Look at Attila József, philosophical poet, for instance or my own vitologia....

[@lajoszsommd1526]

​​@@MichaelBolar-de8im Consequences of typical western historiography. No, the Cumans were not wiped out, you can witness right now how difficult it is to wipe out a nation even with sacrosant modern technology. But yes, we assimilated to Hungarians, 800 years is a long time. Yet, if you really look, Cumans are noticeable even today both in terms of facial features- you cannot observe my face just take my word for it- and a distinct trait of fighting spirit, extreme resilience and a philosophical inclination. Take for instance the example of the philosophical poet, Attila József, or my own vitologia...

[@darkprofile]

Best wishes to Magyar people from Turkey. It pleasant to see Hungarians still sticked with their roots.

[@christianthebasedburrito6080]

"I'm feeling quite hungry"- Henry of Skalitz

[@paritoshd]

MOR COCK

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

English kings throughout history: I have prostituted and passionate women, and yet you only mention Henry VIII

[@paoloantoniobaladad5895]

Jesus Christ be Praised!

[@christianthebasedburrito6080]

@@paoloantoniobaladad5895 "Hey Henry has come to see us"

[@lucamckenn5932]

I find it very funny that most portraits sort of try to beautify the person in particular but every single depiction of Henry he looks like a fat thumb man.

[@Karabulut96]

my mother comes from Polish Tatars, so I'm also partly Kipchak, best regards, great material as usual😊

[@AlexM-oq5el]

Lipka?

[@YoutubeModeratorsSuckMyBalls]

This doesn't work like that the fact that mother is kipchak doesn't make you kipchak, this trick works only if one of your grandfather from your father's side was kipchak

[@Karabulut96]

​@@KZbinModeratorsSuckMyBallsmy father is a Turk and my mother is a Tatar, I am a Turk, your opinion does not interest me

[@Karabulut96]

@@KZbinModeratorsSuckMyBalls such people come to my homeland for holidays, it's a disgrace

[@AndreAndre-yd5gw]

DNA test rules over the jealous naysayers.

[@AlmazKar]

As a Kazakh, I appreciate this video!

[@Dan-sw8tg]

But are kazakhs really the ancestors of cumans? They left before Mongols arrived ( I don't mean to offend you I literally just wanna know more) because nowadays kazakhs have more mongol DNA than cumans ..

[@AlmazKar]

@@Dan-sw8tg Kazakhs are mixture of pretty much most of the steppe tribes. I believe you are right, not Cumans but Kipchaks and Kangly before Mongols came. You can Google the list of Kazakh tribes. I am myself from Khongirad tribe.

[@sickturret3587]

@@Dan-sw8tg kazakhs, kyrgyz and most tatars belong to kypchak subgroup of turkic languages. so at least linguistically, they are inheritors of them.

[@nenenindonu]

@@sickturret3587 Kazakhs and Kyrghyz originally spoke Orkhon/Siberian Turkic languages their branches eventually shifted to Kipchak largely due to the influence of the Golden Horde

[@sickturret3587]

@@nenenindonu you are speaking of yenisei kyrgyz. their sucessors speak khakass and tuvan nowadays.

[@okancanarslan3730]

As a Crimean Tatar of Kipchak origin, Thanks for the very informative video of our history.

[@SemenovOV]

I believe Ukrainian Cossacks as well have both Kipchak and Rus origins, not only Crimean Tatars (Krymchaks)

[@alimcri]

@@SemenovOV Yes, but they refuse the Cuman heritage. Rus - according to medieval sources this is not a nationality. It's just a confession

[@alimcri]

@@SemenovOV Krimchaks not equal to Crimaean Tatars.

[@EyBossPusi]

No you're European you don't look like turkic

[@Samanyolu-ov1yk]

@@EyBossPusi avrupayı silktim

[@cyberiansailor9741]

Fun Fact: A Cuman contingent was instrumental for the Habsburg victory over the King of Bohemia Ottokar at the battle of the Marchfeld taking place in what is today eastern Austria. Thus helping establish Habsburg rule over central Europe.

[@GAarcher]

*CumMan**

[@David_The_Texan_youtuber382]

Asian chad defining the course of history as always.

[@user-ly1gi8qs1y]

They was part of the hungarian army led by a king IV. Laszlo who half cuman. They not part of the habsburg army. The battle of durnkrut deserves a video i think

[@buinghiathuan4595]

Fun fact 2: Henry, a Bohemian peasant, could beat 4-6 Cuman at the same time with horses arches. 😂

[@jarrettlowery2802]

​@buinghiathuan4595 Jesus Christ be praised!

[@aisar3353]

As a Pecheneg-Cuman descended Turk, this detailed explanation piqued my interest. Greetings to the entire Turkic world!!

[@serkantemiz7565]

Where are you from? And How do you know your ancestors are pecheneg?

[@sickturret3587]

@@serkantemiz7565 he is probably just balkan turkish and his grandmom cooks great paçanga böreği 😂

[@aisar3353]

@@serkantemiz7565 My father's ancestors migrated from western Russia to northern Crimea and then to the Ottoman Empire. Even my father's grandfather's brother fought in the Russion occupation of Crimea and was burned alive by the Russians when he was captured(His name is written on our family tree and my grandfather mentioned it to my father several times.) Cumans and Pechenegs are among the Turkish tribes lived in the geography described by the elders.Bu yaşlı babam dehşet tatar böreği yapar bu da bi kanıt herhalde haha.

[@ergun9980]

🥰

[@UranijaZeus]

Hajra Turan!

[@Ananaspomidorka]

my mother is from Qipchak tribe. Love from Kazakhstan!

[@gulnaragalyautdinova3635]

The same from Bashkortostan!

[@diyartokmurzin7154]

FUN FACT: Yuan dynasty had personal guard contingent made of Kipchaks. Kipchak guards were sent by Yuan emperrors to quel rebellions of Mongol noions (lords) and Yuan remnants. For instance they supported Khubilai against Ariq-Buga. Kipchak guard was also effective at taking Song cities in China. Two commanders are referred numerous times in Yuan Shi: Tutuha and El-Temir, who belonged to Kipchak clans that peacefully joined Mongols. El-Temir was the last commander of Kipchak guard, when he died and the kipchak guard dissolved Yuan dynasty also siezed to exist. (Update: Iw wrote this comment before finishing watching the video. I am glad all this can be found in the video)

[@alexanderyaroslavich2703]

source?

[@diyartokmurzin7154]

@@alexanderyaroslavich2703 Александр Ярославич, есть ссылка, не получилось её прикрепить, напишу в текстовом формате. Автор: Пилипчук Я.В. Кипчаки в Китае. 2014 год.

[@user-rq3ri2gg6c]

As a Hungarian living in Serbia, I am proud of my Cuman ancestry. Because there are also four settlements of Cuman origin in this country. And in Hungary, an entire region consists of residents of this origin. Only in the past eight hundred years has it been relatively explained.

[@samisami-qb5tl]

Nagyapám kishegyesi volt 😂

[@user-rq3ri2gg6c]

@@samisami-qb5tl Na, a hegyesiek éppen nem kun származásúak 😂

[@samisami-qb5tl]

@@user-rq3ri2gg6c ő nem is vert volna pofan a besziladodett🥰

[@samisami-qb5tl]

Amúgy eppen nagykunsagoak, kunhegyesrol valók

[@RariJay]

In Kazakh, we call Hungary "Majarstan". From the word - Magyars, Kazakhs also have a tribe - "majar", which belongs to the middle "clan" of tribes.

[@labnab6764]

Here in Kazakhstan and probably other Turkic peoples, we have kind of tribes within ourselves, and of them is called kipchak, meaning we truly are descendants of cumans

[@Kickboxer7267]

The real descendants are Crimean Tatars. Kazakhs mixed too much with Mongols

[@orton4357]

@@Kickboxer7267 DISTANCE (Crimean Tatars to ancient populations) POPULATION 6.753 Onogundur Bulgar 6.817 Gepid (Viminacium) 7.599 Xionite 7.908 Dmitry Alexandrovich (Rurik Dynasty) 8.119 Saka (Tian Shan) 8.317 Kipchak 8.923 Post-Medieval Tian Shan Nomad 9.099 Cimmerian 9.430 Khotanese Saka 9.665 Sargat Culture DISTANCE (Kazakhs to ancient populations) POPULATION 4.940 Chorni Klobuky (Suzdal) 5.965 Early Xiongnu 6.292 Medieval Turkic Nomad (Western Altai) 7.252 Medieval Turkic Nomad (Northern Altai) 7.935 Karluk 7.968 Karakhanid 8.318 Medieval Turkic Nomad (Tian Shan) 9.364 Eastern Turk (Eastern Steppe) 9.937 Kipchak 10.144 Medieval Turkic Nomad (Central Steppe) Where are mongols? Even in the video it was said that one or a few mongol tribes were absorbed by other cuman subjects which were majority for this reason Kazakhs speak cuman and not mongol. According to distances average Kazakhs was already in the Kazakh steppes even before mongool conquest. Also, the difference between distances to cumans between kazakhs and crimean tatars is just laughable 1 point xD

[@ganizhunis910]

​@@Kickboxer7267you know little about this subject I guess. Kazakhs are still remember their ancestors. And we know each tribes we have. One of them are qypchaq do you like it or not. Crimean tatars mixed more with slavs. But I know some of them still remembers tribes.

[@orton4357]

@@Kickboxer7267 Crimean Tatars and Kazakhs have same genetical distance to Kipchaks xD

[@orton4357]

@@Kickboxer7267 You probably ignored where Cumans came from, it was Mongolia and northern China xDDDD. Check the video once again

[@nenenindonu]

The Kipchaks produced some of the greatest Mamluk rulers such as Baybars, Qalawun, Iltutmysh,... the Mamluk Sultanates of Egypt & Delhi were also founded by two Kipchaks both named Aibak

[@berkosmansatiroglu]

Baybar Ghulam lardan köle, sonra komutan oluyor.

[@orka6848]

Mameluke states official name was "Et Devlet'üt Türkiyye" which literally translates to "The State of the Türkiye"...

[@user-bk5pk3zv8j]

That's not the official name. That is the name given to it by historians to distinguish it from the later period when Circassian Mamluks dominated the ruling class. The official name was Egyptian Sultanate or Egyptian Kingdom or Sultanate of Egypt and the Levant. Sultans where nicknamed Sultan of Arabs, Ajams(Non-Arabs) and Turks.@@orka6848

[@nenenindonu]

​@@orka6848True the Bahri Mamluk realm was among the three medieval states to be named after the word 'Turk' the two previous ones were the Turk Shahis and Göktürks

[@kaztarihtanu]

Not Aibak, it is Aybek which means moon/lunar lord/ruler.

[@9wowable]

Interesting thing about the Cumans for me is that, I a Hungarian, am from the Paloc subgroup. Paloc in many Slavic languages is Polovotsy, which is also the same word for Cuman. Many Cumans settled in Hungary, so it’d be interesting to ever find out how linked we are.

[@shindavid6484]

maybe you are linked but from what I found researching, hungarians on average have 2% steppe ancestry.

[@nenenindonu]

The name of the Hungarian Hunyadi Dynasty is also of Cuman etymology

[@billdehappy1]

dont forget magyar being steppenomads before settled and finno-ugric branch and not slavic....just saying am not from there @@shindavid6484

[@EzraBenKhazar]

The following is from the paper Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Asian Hun and Srubnaya origin in the Hungarian Conquerors “Modern Hungarians are genetically very similar to their European neighbors [95] nevertheless they contain some 3-5% East Eurasian components traceable with uniparental markers [29,96,97]. Genome wide SNP data also detected the presence of 4% East Asian component in modern Hungarians [98] with an approximate time of admixture dated to the first millennium AD, corresponding to the invasions of Huns, Onogur-Bulgars, Avars and Hungarian Conquerors from the Asian steppes.”

[@SeamanX-qh9bw]

Sure - 3% uralic/stepe/turkic and 60% slavic . @@EzraBenKhazar

[@hannibalbarca2928]

As a Tatar Turkic, I am proud of my Kipchak ancestors.

[@austinreed5805]

I remember playing CK3 and being so confused as to what Cumania was. I had never heard of that empire before, despite how huge it was.

[@suchymk]

because it wasnt an empire, it was groups of tribes loosely associated with each other

[@sickturret3587]

@@suchymk a steppe confederation to be precise. most steppe empires were confederations of different tribes at their core.

[@Raidon8537]

@@suchymk it was definitely a state or empire. It had Khan after all.

[@suchymk]

@@Raidon8537 its said in the video itself that we dont even know if thats true, as there isnt many (or any at all even) insider sources on cumania

[@harku123]

That's not what the khan meant for this entity. Cumania was very decentralized and didn't have a central government or ruler. Some tribes were probably subjects of others but nobody ruled over everyone. As others said, they were loosely associated and probably traded together and occasionally banded together in war but they probably waged war amongst one another too

[@arghunpride5704]

Kings & Generals, thanks for this remarkable video about Qipchaq nomads! Peace and blessings to everyone 🕊️from Kazakhstan! 🇰🇿

[@tariver1693]

Greetings from Tatarstan!

[@quiquemarquez3211]

Best wishes from dear Galiza to all the Kazakhs!

[@tnrz5696]

May god help all Kipchak people

[@arkjedrzejewsky4990]

best wishes for great Kazakh nation from Poland

[@arkjedrzejewsky4990]

Tatars are nobles in our tradition@@vladimir_Ilyich_lenin.

[@yernat.ali1453]

I am Kazakh, and i never understood why cumans and kipchaks are always depicted as different people. In Kazakhstan they're all known as kipchaks

[@kadirbozkus-ss3sm]

Probably because they where a nomadic confederacy, they most likely had 100s of different clans among each other but those two where the most influential among them.

[@orton4357]

@@kadirbozkus-ss3sm still it doesn't explain their depiction in the way OP described.

[@keptins]

I think Cumans were more like euro.turkic (lighter in complexions etc) whereas the qipchaqs were more like central asian turkic.

[@orton4357]

@@keptins Did you just ignore the fact that they came from northern china/mongolia? The closest genetical distance of Cumans is with Nogais, Uzbeks, Siberian Tatars and Hazara. As you can see they are all central Asian turkic

[@assfghjkl]

We all should just start writing our history, otherwise they will keep claiming everything they deem worthy. Like I read a comment here saying that cuman kipshak are Europeans already 😂 and we kazakhs just appeared from nowhere apparently

[@AegeanGreywolf]

05:30 In Turkic culture white color represents the west and likewise blue - the east, black - the north and the south is red. Those who migrated to western lands from Turkestan and Mongolia often adopted white color such as huns and cumans while eastern Turkic people like Gökturks were using blue banners

[@ganizhunis910]

This is what I'm talking about. Even ottoman empire used colours for the sea. Red sea was the Southern sea. Black sea is the northern sea. Simple

[@AegeanGreywolf]

@@ganizhunis910 Exactly... When their powerbase has shifted to Anatolia they gave new names for these places as you mentioned which are translated into English in this form. In addition Mediterrenian Sea is ''Akdeniz'' in Turkish, which means 'the Whitesea'' for its western position.

[@Kul-tegin]

I've never actually read in any historical source that Gokturks used blue banners. I've only come across wolf-head banners and standards, but never the colour mentioned.

[@AegeanGreywolf]

@@Kul-tegin I understand but even today the word ''Gok'' means blue sky in Turkic languages :) which means their name' direct translation is Blue Turks. You can type ''blue'' by using ''ctrl f' ' in Wikipedia's Gokturk page as well

[@Kul-tegin]

Yes it means blue or celestial but that's not evidence that the flag was blue. It could have been...@@AegeanGreywolf

[@subutaykhan9387]

Salute to all my Qipchak sisters and brothers from Türkiye

[@goldeneaglepower9845]

As a Kazakh I’m glad you covered Qypshaqs 🇰🇿

[@saulgoodmanKAZAKH]

Qypşaq* in the latest Kazakh alphabet and Qıpşaq* or Qıpcaq* according to some other proposals

[@goldeneaglepower9845]

@@saulgoodmanKAZAKH we don’t have latin kazakh on keyboards. For now at least

[@mr.bek0521]

Appreciate the video. i am a kipchak from Kyrgyzstan. We have a tribe named Kipchak

[@MeloGS1905]

Greetings to my Turkic Kipchak brothers 🇹🇷❤️🇰🇿🇰🇬

[@tariver1693]

Glad to see a video about my ancestors on your channel. Greetings from Tatarstan!

[@Singgen]

Do Tatars have Kipchak ancestry? I thought you guys were mainly from turkic Bulgars.

[@tariver1693]

@@Singgen They certainly do. Our language is from the Kipchak family of Turkic languages.

[@istorichunter8807]

@@Singgenactually Kazan Tatars have both components: Bulgarian and Kipchak (Cuman)

[@hayathayat6534]

​@@SinggenWe are kipchaks

[@PepeTheFrogEnjoyer]

The Turkic word 'Kurgan' which is among the most important terminologies regarding Eurasian history seems to have passed from Cuman to East Slavic and eventually all other European languages

[@lionelmourilio]

in uyghur language, "qurghan" literally means "building"

[@evlogig]

so they told you in high school. Do you think high school teaches right things, or teaches whatever Erdogan decided? Food for thought.

[@Ergenekon1933]

@@evlogig Well done brother, you are the one who hates Turks the most, bravo, I'm happy for you. However, there are a few more comments that you haven't responded to, everyone is waiting for someone like you who knows the truth about everything to respond to them, run.🤡

[@stkosta2482]

We Bulgarians lived together with cumans for centuries, but don't have this word in our language. You might need to check your sources again. One of the words we have inherited from the Cumans that is still in use is "alen" or "aleno" which means red. It is used as a synonym to the slavic word "cherveno".

[@alpcankarademir1991]

​@@evlogig you really think they teach us about cumans or a random kipchak word in turkey? Get out of here

[@redbeard6251]

In Crimea, near the city of Solkhat, the ruins of a mosque built according to a will with funds allocated by Sultan Baybars for his homeland have been preserved.

[@danasingapore135]

Thank you for this learning piece. Will show it to my kids. I’m from Argyn tribe from the Sary-Arka steppe Qazaq. Salem to all Turkic peoples

[@Ersen_abiniz]

l am from Türkiye and my DNA test g25 gives me Argyn tribe❤, Argyn means Argun"lion" am l right? Respect from Türkiye. My haplogroup iş Q M242

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

​@@Ersen_abinizI am not Turkish, but I am confused

[@danasingapore135]

@@Ersen_abinizhello there! Not sure the meaning of word Argyn, but the Tamga of the tribe is ♾️. Argyns mainly live in Northern and Central Kazakhstan, the largest tribe of Orta Juz.

[@Oshidashi]

Ive watched almost everything of this channel over the years and would like to once again say a big thanks for all k&g's work.

[@cihanturan7398]

As a Turk living in Turkey, thank you for telling us about our Kuman Kipchak brothers. I hope you will make a video about peceneks in the next video.

[@sTorMaDa]

Greetings from Romania. I am a crimean tatar and i love your videos.

[@falxus9962]

Noua romanilor nu ne place aceasta minciuna!!!Arata teritoriul vlahilor ca facand parte din Bulgaria sau Cumania si asta e o mare minciuna spusa de dusmanii romanilor!!! Peste nici 100 de ani apare din neant Tara Romaneasca si Moldova!!!Ba ce de minciuni pe toate canalele media impotriva poporului roman!Singurul popor bastinas din partea asta de Europa alaturi de greci!!

[@Kili2807]

Theese drawn images are brilliant. Vibrant and colorful

[@Amra724]

Drawing ✍🏼 looks like based on real photo images of Central Asian landscape and people, which makes it look really believable

[@vane909090]

Here in Hungary we have a long history with the Cumans. Many places are even named after them. We call them Kun.

[@benimtelefoncaliyor1dk]

Ivan Asen II was a very decent general for his time. He made great use of his cavalry in every engagement. Cuman horse archers destroyed Hungarians, Serbians, Latins, and Niceans all around. He didn’t fight many battles however he beat some of the best armies of the time. He dealt with Cuman invasions, Mongol hordes, Latines, and the Epirotes. When the Mongols invaded the country he led the people in the mountains and ambushed them. Killing many of their hosts that crushed the entire region, however this led to the burning of north Bulgaria. He conquered all of Greece north of Thermopylae and took out most of the Latin remnant. He crushed the Epirotes at Klokotnitsa with such force that they could never wield such power ever again. When Cumans served the previous king he killed, Ivan employed them. That moment let him have the most dominating cavalry force of that time.

[@ElBandito]

Sources mention when the Mongols arrived, they basically burned Bulgaria to the ground and it never became powerful again in the Middle Ages. Bulgaria paid tribute to the Mongols for the next 100 years.

[@tuningbullet8468]

50 or 60 years yes ,but 100 years no

[@FROST76608]

​@@tuningbullet8468 In 1270's Ivaylo basicly wipped all the Mongol warbands that were roaming bulgarian territory,the punitive expedition that followed was a complete disaster. Nogay's army was stucked under the walls of Silistra for 3 months and was forced to withdraw mid winter.

[@miroslaviliev8848]

Not really burned to the ground, more just heavily pillaging for around 60 years

[@Okiejayjay]

@@ElBandito what “sources” are these? What nonsense.

[@precursors]

We in Turkey can read and understand Codex Cumanicus 700 years later, although modern Turkish is Oghuz and Cuman language was Kipchak branch. That is because the divide between Oghuz and Kipchak branches was just not that deep at the time of Codex Cumanicus.

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

Ataturk: Ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-haha when did Latin become a smart language? 😂😂😂😂😂

[@nikre]

@@user-fl5mq9kp7gturks use latin alphabet not latin language.

[@endo_kun_da]

Good to see Jack Wilson still writing great stuff! Very informative, covered what I have heard of the Cumans, and learned a couple new things!

[@muwatallis]

I am a Turk from Bulgaria and the Turkish dialect we speak is rather archaic. I can understand the texts in Codex Cumanicus without a translation pretty well.

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

Which language do you know that the Ottomans spoke Persian?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Ottoman court spoke Persian, but not always and not exclusively. People's language was the variation of the Turkic - Western Oghuz

[@Soap_bubbles591]

​@user-fl5mq9kp7g Persianate Turkic dynasties had Persian as a court and litterature language , Arabic as the religious language and Turkic as their mother tongue ,because they were a ruling minority with no significant genetic/ cultural influence on the indengious ppl of the conqured lands, on the contrary they basically absorbed the regional culture and were assimilated in most of the the countries / civilizations they conquered so they were the ones who had to adapt themselves with the vast majority of natives and learn the native languages of the locals like Russian, Persian, Arabic for the Arab mamluks , Urdu , Hindi etc etc .That's why there are such diversities of clothing, food , and dance even genetic diversities among various Turkic ppl depending where they were settled .

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

@@Soap_bubbles591 But the Turks were very numerous and were controlling the Abbasid Caliphate, so why did they not spread their language?

[@Soap_bubbles591]

@user-fl5mq9kp7g Cuz they couldn't. They were a trible / nomadic ( stricly )military force , outnumbered by the overwhelming high nr of the indengious pop of ME , India, and Russia .Judging by the low genetic influence of the Turkic tribes in the ME, India , Russia, Europe, even the Turkefied Anatolia & Caucasus ,they couldn't be that noumerous , on the contrary , Turkic tribes were genetically ,ethno-linguistically and culturally/ religiously influenced by each native population they subjected . As a matter of fact, due to modern genetic science , many consider Western turks as "Turkefied peoples," not genetically .Remember, the Turkification of Anatolia was not an easy process .

[@DuizhangLu]

Wow, that art in the series continuously improves! Beautiful

[@balloon7546]

Been waiting for this one!

[@admiralbem7458]

Írjon ide minden Palóc és Kun testvérem akik nézik ezt a videót, mert mink egy vérből valóak vagyunk! Soha ne feledjük hogy kik vagyunk, és honnan jöttünk! S fejezzük ki köszönetünket az ezt a csatornát üzemeltető csapatnak, hogy feltöltötték ezt a remek videót! Thank you very much, it means a lot for me, as a Palóc!

[@ganizhunis910]

You should write it in qypchaq language. Then you will get the followers from qypchaqstan. Anytime you wanna hear qypchaq language you can listen the Dimash. Honestly speaking 😅

[@ravolisia29]

Why do the paint Turks as Mongols? In ancient and medieval history sources, travelers and historians defined the Turkic peoples as Kipchaks, Cumans, Khazars "Blonde" rather than Asian in phenotype. (Ammianus Marcelinus, Mattia D Edesse, Abul Feda Yosef). , Biruni, Ibn Khaldun, Ibni Rabbihi, Istakhri, Said El Maghribi, Gerdizi, El Mesudi, El Omari, Nizami,, Chronicles of China Tang. Igor Epic..

[@admiralbem7458]

@@ravolisia29 The turks are originally inner asian. But they mixed with the previous dominant civilization of the steppes, the Scythians. And with other indo-european peoples, like the Tocharians. That is why they mostly look different from the mongols, even back then. But that is clearly not true for all turkic nations. For example: I have never seen a Sakha, or a Tuvan being blonde.

[@black_hole48]

​@@admiralbem7458sakas are proto Turkic

[@ugurbocugunungunlugu638]

​@@ravolisia29In Central Asia, there are those who mix the Turks with the Mongols, they are called Turks, and there are Turks who do not mix, we Turkish people are the descendants of the Turks who fought with the Mongols who did not mix.

[@Madrakus]

Another excellent video as always! I especially love these steppe nomad ones. I find nomadic cultures truly fascinating!

[@masterplokoon8803]

You forgot to mention their deadliest enemy, Henry of Skalitz who hunted them down by the dozens for what they did to his village.

[@marcelo-oc6rs]

He was feeling "hungry"

[@simonbolivar6960]

god bless you henry

[@GAarcher]

*CumMan enemy*

[@Captain_Dick_Swett]

Henry has come to see us!

[@thevetolinist8462]

I feel quite Hungary

[@intellectz644]

One of your most well made videos yet. Hope the team can keep this standard!

[@user-pk3iv5wi2q]

Always the best work

[@Gamercat94]

Hey kings and generals. I follow you with pleasure. You are my favorite channel❤️

[@garethmcguinness377]

God damn this channel just has a way with medieval and ancient history Yet another great vid

[@Zengids1turkmens]

Amazingly done as always i really enjoyed it thank you

[@bloodygoat6941]

Didn't know I need that video...turns out I needed that Video.

[@arcomegis9999]

I’ve waited this for a long time. Thanks for doing it. I think on the subject of overlooked nomadic entities, I think you guys should do one about Cuman leaders or significant figures. At the top of my head, besides Koten Khan and Bacman Khan, you should do one for Boniak. Aside from the Cuman-Kipchaks, I think you guys should also look into Pechenegs and Avars too. Look forward to equestrian civilization related contents.

[@atamandural232]

As a Turkish person from Turkey and a linguist, I have a deep interest in Codex Cumanicus, it may be considered one of the first examples of the Romanization of a Turkic language. Just with a brief skimming of the texts in the book, I could comprehend 80% of the words by comparing them to modern Turkish. The book consists of two separate notebooks. The first one is a grammar and dictionary book written by Italian merchants to facilitate trade with the Cumans and the Ilkhanids speaking Persian. This section, which contains the equivalents of Latin words used by Venetians and Genoese merchants in Persian and Cuman, consists of 55 pages. Here, both grammar information, especially verb conjugations, and the names of goods traded are listed trilingually. Not only the names of goods traded, but also religious terms, food and beverage names, animal names, etc., are given in word lists.

[@pinar3516]

Interesting information.Could u pls give us the name of the books? Thanx

[@szbszig]

I love these one-shot videos of certain peoples or empires. And Cumans (or Kuns as they are called in Hungary) definitely deserve a video like this.

[@Abdullatif-pj7wq]

Thanks for another historical video of Turkic people❤❤❤❤

[@Suleimenoff]

Basically Kipchaks formed modern identity of Kazakhs (one of larger modern tribes is called Kypshak), Tatars, Bashkorts and Nogais. We are all descendants of Kypshaks. Many of those people are still pale nowadays and are called Sary (pale yellow) in Turkic languages.

[@vuhdeem]

Tatars don't look so Asian like Kazakhs and Kyrgyz.

[@esatdemirci2119]

Kazakh and kyrgz people hamle ming half turkic.

[@user-wq7oo1uy9d]

​@@vuhdeembecause slav and Finno-Ugric

[@vuhdeem]

@@user-wq7oo1uy9d exactly! Tatar and Kazakh are completely different!

[@janoslakatos4605]

As a kun (Cuman) in Hungary from Kunszentmiklós thank you❤

[@SmokeyMountain0]

I have a cuman origin lives in Türkiye ❤ we have same blood

[@janoslakatos4605]

@@SmokeyMountain0 🇭🇺❤🇹🇷

[@AbhyudayaSinh]

Very informative ❤

[@RanveerRaj-oq5gk]

great work guys

[@Kotyan_Khan]

Thank you for creating this content. I'm always excited to gather more information on the Cuman-Qipchaqs, and your team's work is one of the best I've seen in recent years.

[@Abdullatif-pj7wq]

Yes i knew Qipchaq rulers of India as well as Baybars. But i had no idea for Hungarian prince and De facto ruler of Yuan China. Great video as a turkic historian myself i don't know about Qipchaq history so much. Love your videos😊😊😊.

[@stanleysmith7551]

IV Kun László was the legitimate king of Hungary (1275-1290) not just a prince. He had a very 'colorful' personality. He was very smart and was a natural when it came to warfare (won battles even while intoxicated 😅). He defeated II. Pźemysl Otakar (Czech/Bohemian king) who was considered to be a military genius in Europe at the time, he helped the Habsburgs to become one of the great dynasties in Europe (from Swiss nobodies constantly at war with their subjects) and defeated the mongols in open battle. On the other hand he was also very emotional, sporadic, lax when it came to religious matters being excommunicated by the pope several times, he downright sucked with finances and loved his b*tches and booze way more than he should have.

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

​@@stanleysmith7551I don't think he defeated the Mongols. He was just a follower of mine. The Mongols in Bulgaria were watching him

[@Abdullatif-pj7wq]

@@stanleysmith7551 ok i will learn about him. By the way, are you hungarian?

[@Abdullatif-pj7wq]

@@user-fl5mq9kp7g sorry bro i don't understand what do you mean follower of mine?

[@stanleysmith7551]

@@Abdullatif-pj7wq Yes.

[@ergenekon9981]

There is also a city in Macedonia called Kumanovo which directly derives from the Cumans which settled there.

[@DaniilDimitrov]

Bulgaria*

[@Seconds155]

​@@DaniilDimitrovBoth in Macedonia and in Bulgaria there is place called Kumanovo, it's not just 1 place.

[@silviupopescu9758]

And in Romania, family name like Coman and villages named Comana.

[@DaniilDimitrov]

@@silviupopescu9758 ye, because romania is Bulgaria

[@silviupopescu9758]

@@DaniilDimitrov and vice versa :))

[@theawesomeman9821]

My first time hearing about these ancient people. I learned something new.

[@-RONNIE]

Thanks for the video

[@Kaiyanwang82]

Really enjoyed this one.

[@azovianace]

It's good to see rare acknowledging attitude from history channels from a turkic perspective. Some of the channels mostly try to not use the term turk or turkic or anything resembling turkic history. Not this time I guess. Thank you.

[@TheAssOfBalaam]

Very interesting! I love the videos on Central Asian peoples. As someone who studied history in the 80s and 90s in America, I learned very little about Central Asia. So I find the region so engrossing to learn about now.

[@hubertgodlewski1398]

I've heard of them before but didn't know anything great video as always

[@e84harrison77]

God I love this channel. Can you guys hit the Avars next?

[@renierbarnard6833]

Thanks!

[@samkugatano1053]

Excellent! Looking forward to an episode on Volga Bulgaria.

[@andreiyy]

exceptional video! thank you and well done!

[@Juffe137]

Can't believe the timing of this video. Just started playing Kingdom come deliverance again few days ago. Amazing.

[@JacksonStorm173]

Hey Kings and Generals, I’m a Japanese history fan and I loved your Imjin War episode, and i was thinking if u could make an in dept documentary for the Sengoku Jidai like you did for the Imjin War. This is just a recommendation but would be cool

[@KingsandGenerals]

On the way!

[@KonradvonHotzendorf]

​@@KingsandGenerals😎

[@victorcreed3]

Great video! Fascinated by the Cumans since watching Borodin's opera, "Prince Igor".

[@fantasyfootballfocus1510]

Amazing video!

[@obucaticadeistorie4790]

Amazing job !

[@tsendochir2145]

All nomads will unite and there will be peace all over the world that under the sun. Declarate From Mongolia.

[@user-fl5mq9kp7g]

Genghis Khan: But I killed them

[@user-oq8nx1hp9r]

Thank you for information about us!!!❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@AxelPoliti]

Really instructive. Thank you very much

[@ryantinloy4965]

Would love to see a video on the Penchenegs.

[@precursors]

To this day the Balkan peninsula and eastern Europe in general is dotted with smalled villages called "Cumanova" (translation: Cuman plains)

[@forgeflarion8362]

Great Video

[@ytj17thjuggalo12]

Man I hit a bong before watching this and the map work has me TRIPPIN😂😭 Another fantastic day, with a fantastic video, from K&G 😎

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

I would really love to visit Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan one day Inshallah

[@vitogamaliel4490]

Ah yes quite magnificent history from a rarely talked about people.The cuman-qipchaq. Thank you friend

[@arystanbeck914]

Thank you very much for finally addressing the most underrated people/culture in history. It would be great to have more on Qipchaq. For instance, the civil war that led to Mongol invasion and conquest, or them with Bulgars crushing the Forth Crusade.

[@MegaToyy]

It was not *Jochi* but *Jebe* & Subedei who pursued for Kotyan all the way to Hungary.

[@marioverde7267]

Soy chileno, de una ciudad al sur. Pero en mi corazón se q en una vida pasada fuí un cumano, me fascina la cultura Kipchak ❤️

[@GokYuruk]

😀👍

[@user-pp6dj1hi7p]

Awesome video

[@paulomartins1008]

K&G covering an Age of Empire 2 Civ.?! I'm in!

[@noone4700]

I love the central Asian content! Nomads are so incredibly interesting

[@Neversa]

There are Qypshaq and Qangly tribes among many tribes comprising Kazakh nation. Qypshaq live in the north Kazakhstan and on shores of Syrdaria river and Qangly live in the southern Kazakhstan.

[@Kickboxer7267]

Do the Qyoshaq tribes look different than other Kazakhs? I read that ancient Qypchaqs and Cumans were described as blonde with colored eyes

[@aitore3005]

​@@Kickboxer7267I am kazakh from qypshaq(kipchak) tribe and I really cant tell the difference between kipchak and other kazakhs, probably bc of mongol invasion, russian expansion and a lot more which just mixed the genes so much that some can look east asian like chinese while others can look more european like russians. I also heard about blonde with blue eyes but im not sure about its verity as it is a rare thing to see today

[@Kickboxer7267]

@@aitore3005 The interesting part of your tribe is that you are mostly haplogroup R1a (Western Eurasia/ like ancient Kypchaks) while other Kazakhs are mostly C2 (Eastern Asian/ Mongol)

[@ahmedpolat7840]

​@@aitore3005Hı from Turkiye. maybe mongol, russian and others mixed our familia that turk. Maybe our eyes is Blue, Black etc.. maybe our Mothers are different nations but our father is one and the same all turk nations. We are one. I hope we Will see turan one Day.

[@ganizhunis910]

​@@Kickboxer7267not C2, but C3. I'm from Wusun tribe and Dulat branch of it, mongolic of 13th century. We have many tribes. So you cannot say that more or less of them are some haplogroups. Each tribe has Y chromosome difference. But autosomes are similar. We did checked mostly kazakh tribes. Need to check out all tribes from the neighbours.

[@bakdakal]

Fabulous 👏🏼

[@CheerfulVirtualReality-qt1ey]

Beautiful!

[@strahinjakozomora92]

From Kazakhstan to Greece, Cumans 💪

[@sedatgorkemyenigun6055]

I'm very happy to see history of Turkic nation. Proud to be part of them. :)

[@Solidoaf]

Through the complex ethnic assimilation process of the Kipchak confederation, it is almost impossible to assign an ethnic origin to them. Although they were part of the Second Turkic Khaganate for 50 years, this doesn't make them Turkish by default. Furthermore language is not the same as ethnicity (something Putin hasn't learned or doesn't want to acknowledge in regards to Russian speaking Ukrainians). One should be careful to assign or romanticize a direct link between current day ethnicity to historic peoples; they are far removed and have a completely different context

[@sedatgorkemyenigun6055]

@@Solidoaf Language is more important than non scientific notion of ethnicity. Probably a single person may have many genes from different people. But driving factor of thinking is language thus language determines persons relation with his nation. Also I didn't write Turkish I wrote Turkic and we can understand eachother with Kipchak because of same language family ties. I see right for me to say I'm proud be part of them. Go try to tell your ideology that tries to separate me, from my relative nations history to non literate people. Proud to be Turkic as Turkish. We all descendants of GökTurks.

[@Solidoaf]

@@sedatgorkemyenigun6055 your last sentence contradicts your point about Turkic and Turkish. Language can be adopted due to cultural, economical or military pressure, it's not a direct link to ethnicity. This is especially the case with the Kipchaks. I guess you can ofc be proud that your language is in the same branch if that makes you happy for some reason. Although it's best to leave nationalism or any such emotional notions at the door when you approach history as an academic field

[@Kul-tegin]

Turk was originally a political name though, not an ethnic name, it was the name for a tribal confederation (which Turkic-speaking tribes were a majority). So all tribes that were a part of the Turk confederation have a right to call themselves Turk. So Kipchaks are Turks, regardless of ethnicity or language. I even know a Mongol who calls himself Turk for this reason, his ancestors were part of the Turk confederation (and thus were Turks) and no one can really say he's wrong.@@Solidoaf

[@Solidoaf]

@@Kul-tegin Thank you, I think this illustrates my point about the folly of linking contemporary ethnic identity to historical groups. A 'Turk' may have called himself a Turk because of the confederation he/she was part of, and that has little to do with the current pan-Turkish ethnic identity

[@Someone-by6jm]

Video suggestion, Common battle tactics throughout antiquity-middle ages(yes i know it seems like your first video,but now with better quality and more research)

[@robbabcock_]

Thanks for a great video about a people not well covered by popular history.

[@anchornightman3163]

Map of Anatolia map of 12th and 13th century was not like that. There were Seljuks and Beyliks. Kwarzmian Empire didnt have borders up to Mediterranean Sea. Except these mistakes I cant say anything beyond my knowladge. Thank you for your work and efford to make this video for us.

[@Ersen_abiniz]

l also write it. Thanks brother

[@lothric_k]

Next Pechenegs please 🙏🏻Thank you very much👍😊

[@natethomas587]

I've been waiting for something Cumans for soooo long . Nobody on youtube shows them any love