Why 2D materials have a 3rd dimension

This video explores the fascinating world of 2D materials. Despite their name, these materials do indeed have a third dimension. We delve into why scientists refer to them as 2D, focusing on the degrees of freedom that electrons have in these materials. We also discuss how the discovery of 2D materials could revolutionize our electronics by overcoming major challenges in the silicon industry, such as size, heat and the quest for more exotic states of matter. However, there are obstacles to overcome, particularly in the fabrication of these materials on a large scale.
📚 References
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
www.ossila.com/pages/introduc...
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk...
www.nature.com/articles/s4157...
www.nature.com/articles/s4192...
www.ossila.com/pages/introduc...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Trend of processor performance: github.com/karlrupp/microproc...
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0:00 - 2D but it looks 3D
0:15 - Discovery of 2D materials
1:40 - The 3rd dimension and electrons
4:53 - Why do 2D materials matter?
9:17 - The future is 2D
#physics #science #magnets #electronics #2D

[@GeoffryGifari]

I guess one of the ways physics gets different at that scale is that 2D materials can dissipate less heat but Ohm's law says that resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area (which is minuscule in 2D case)

[@solconcordia4315]

Ohm's Law elicited arguments about whether it should've been called a "law." It's a great approximation in metals and useful in certain contexts (low electrical field) but don't tread beyond its limits and still think that it's correct. S = k log W is Boltzmann's law for computing entropy S. If W remains unchanged from the beginning of a process to the end of a process, S remains unchanged *BUT* the process could have produced a new state which differs from the initial state. Yes, the computation of the final state starting with the initial state can be accomplished with *ZERO* expenditure of energy.

[@AaronJames2780]

Great video. It's always a little frustrating when things are mislabeled or more importantly easily misinterpreted. This is just one example of how easy it is for laymen to misinterpret science and is used in building the science-denying community as entry-level doubt is all that is required. It's 2-D but not 2-D?! They lied to us they think we're dumb they can't be trusted! It's just that easy unfortunately. It's.a large battle but I believe specificity is a small and important step that will help.

[@SplatterPatternExpert]

Wait til they find out that even a dimension is not a real thing but only a concept we apply to space!

[@slim5816]

Do we call them 2D by convention or are these materials truly 2D? From my understanding they would still be 3 dimensional structures I mean a *true* 2D object would be impossible to detect from the sides as it has exactly 0 thickness.

[@solconcordia4315]

These materials have 2 *INDEPENDENT* variables in the quantum equation modeling them.

[@SCBA-if4wl]

Also quasi 1 dimensional materials like niobium triselenide used to model quasi-1-D charge density waves

[@ScienceDiscussed]

There are a couple of quasi 1-D systems out there. They are super interesting.

[@JAYMOAP]

Very good

[@bcddd214]

I have tried the experiment using tape plus graphite and it does not produce graphene. Not even close. You have to cook that graphite to make it stick together and form an actual sheet. If you put what you detail in your video under a microscope, you see very quickly why it is not graphene or anything close to 0 resistance

[@vinniepeterss]

love this❤

[@GeoffryGifari]

btw, i think spintronics is right up your alley

[@ScienceDiscussed]

Yeah I have been dancing around spintronics in my research but never dipped my toe in. I hope to do so soon.

[@musicexplayer]

The (SUN) star is a harmonic processor, made up of antimagnetic crystals, infinitely lighter than an ants falling into the air. An infinitely precise and perfect antimagnetic harmonic, I found at the end of the song Eternal Eclipse - Spirit Of The Forest. Antimagnetic Harmonic, built by Violin, Viola Erudita and Cello. It is necessary as quickly as possible to build Antimagnetic crystals on earth through a processor built with the previously mentioned harmonic. With a harmonic processor on earth it is possible to build Antimagnetic crystals, crystals of immortality, the same crystals that form the harmonic processor (SOL) Antimagnetic Harmonics, produce (Antimagnetic crystals). It is possible to prove it scientifically in a fusion reactor. Only low-mid harmonics of classical music string instruments can produce antimagnetic crystals (crystals of immortality); which makes it possible to build a harmonic processor on earth (infinitely perfect). The harmonic processor, (sol), has the same geometry below. That is the question ! The harmonic processor (Sun) interprets all vegetation, fruits and flowers as metal and rocks as lava. It is generating non-harmonic dense crystals (harmonic crystals), dense crystals, magnetic crystals, water, building matter, density, a deficiency that can only be corrected with a fully harmonic processor on earth, preferably in the universe. The image below is the original image of the harmonic processor (SOL), but its size is 24 cubic millimeters. An Adamic body (vertical Androgynous, man/woman) weighs in relation to the cube (harmonic processor, sun-star), 100 trillion+ tons in bits/years/hours per second. Man is condemned to the earth 24 hours a day at 1 trillion bits per second, as a result of non-harmonic (harmonic crystals), magnetic crystals, water. The harmonic processor core (SOL) creates multi-universes, Realms, multi-realities, multi-expressions, multi-dimensions (block chain), multi-languages, multi-consciousnesses, through (harmonic crystals) water, crystals magnetic, non-harmonic). (Harmonic crystals) non-harmonic crystals, dense crystals, magnetic) mortality. The problem with the harmonic processor that everyone calls the star (sun) is its core, it is what generates dense crystals, harmonic crystals, magnetic crystals, matter, density. The harmonic processor that everyone calls (SUN) emerged from an Armor of self-awareness in eternity Armor of URAFIN crystals (infinitely light crystals, antimagnetic crystals) Armor with crown. The nucleus of non-harmonic crystals (harmonics) that everyone calls the (SUN) star, magnetic crystals, appeared after the processor was created in eternity. It is a harmonic processor of antimagnetic crystals (immortality), with a core of magnetic crystals (mortality). It is the nucleus that is creating matter, density and magnetic crystals. It is the deficiency of the harmonic processor (SOL). Therefore, it is possible to create with string harmonics (VIOLIN, ARTICLE VIOLA, CELLO, PIANO) an infinitely perfect harmonic processor on earth. The only resource that can generate Antimagnetic harmonics (antimagnetic crystals for creating an infinitely perfect harmonic processor on earth, are the instruments mentioned above). The song Passage To Edem is very rich in harmonics (infinitely perfect harmonics).

[@digitalplayland]

Gentle refresher on the dimensions of transistors. 3nm is available commercially. 2nm is already proven viable.

[@ScienceDiscussed]

Yes I saw that during my research and included it in my script but in the end I didn't want to get to into the exact dimensions so ended up cutting this info.

[@edbop]

TLDR they're not 2D they just call them 2D, much like someone might describe themselves as a music lover and a fan of coldplay, or a self described star wars fan that also says they love the phantom menace.

[@srimallya]

Classical computation is 2 dimensional. Where classical computation is a function of space and time. Where we can only compute in 1 and 0. Time is a derivative of 2d computation with iteration. When we parallelise 2d computation it rise to space. Quantum computation is 3 dimensional in potential . Where time and space collapse. Let us model the universe with this idea. the quantum scale is infinite precision computing. The universe is zero precision. Scale is a gradient of precision. Time is a function of delta precision. delta precision in precision gradient is space. From microscopic to macro gravity is a symptoms of relative growth between objects in that scale. We can derive that from the bifurcation map where r 0 to 4 can me map into world scale. Plank scale would be 4 and observable universe is 0. From this assumptions, we derive both zero precision and infinite precision is stateless. Therefore no computation. Therefore, zero and infinite precision is both non temporal and non spacial. Space and all the dynamics are in between these two point. Now, we can model the universe with bifurcation map. Where plank scale would be r value 4. And observable universe would be r value 0. From this we can derive the motion for every subsystem in their relative scale.

[@sataniccabal4276]

But how would 2D electronics bypass the effects of quantum mechanics? I know that, mathematically speaking 2D wave functions are easier to work with 3D wave functions…. Actually never mind, I just answered my own question. But is there anything else to consider?

[@ScienceDiscussed]

They don't bypass the effects of quantum mechanics. But they do allow us to use quantum mechanics in fun and interesting ways. In particular making moire patterns can make all different types of interesting systems that depend on the twist angle between the materials.

[@sataniccabal4276]

@@ScienceDiscussed Can you recommend some literature on that twist angle? Asking as an undergraduate.

[@ScienceDiscussed]

@@sataniccabal4276 I made a video about a microscope that can imaging the results of twist angles kzbin.info/www/bejne/n6OUqHV4eJVjnbs . You might want to check that out. There are some references in the description that are good to read e.g. www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00474-7

[@kayakMike1000]

The effect they create is planar.

[@nebo1186]

perspective?

[@carl8790]

Can we stop with the marketing nonsense of '4nm transistors' please. Current EUV photo-lithography technology is incapable in doing so.

[@ScienceDiscussed]

They don't use photo-lithography for this reason. They use electron beams to write the patterns.

[@carl8790]

@@ScienceDiscussed electron beams are used to etched the photomask. The 'gaps' between the gates are getting closer, however the ENTIRE transistor is not whatever single digit nm size. It's misleading to say it is when it's just marketing bs.

[@aniksamiurrahman6365]

I quit catching when this video claimed transistor to become 4nm. Excuse me, Mr. can you show any 4nm physical dimenstion in those transistors? When will science communication stop inserting BS alongside some actual news?

[@A3Kr0n]

Why does YT keep subscribing me to channels? This is bullshit.

[@vanessacherche6393]

Uhh, you sure you didn’t fat finger your screen? I’ve heard many ppl bitch about yt, that’s a new complaint to me.

[@RickLambert963]

We need a different description for these materials. It's as asinine as still calling the atom (atomos: uncuttable or indivisible) when it's been smashed apart to over two hundred of the subatomic particle zoo. Physical presences are 3D forms, all other dimensions are conceptual dimensions having no physical presence. Saying 2D material is an oxymoron.

[@solconcordia4315]

@RickLambert963 My "heart" goes out to you that you aren't multicultural enough to tolerate contextual semantics. The ancient Egyptians believed that human emotions reside in our hearts. Maybe "2-D materials" can better be called as "2-independent-physical-properties materials."