Why is rabies so hard for the immune system to kill?

[@phylumchannel]

First, thank you those of you who corrected me on neurogenesis. I was a bit loose with that bit because in the narrative of rabies, neurogenesis is not known to play a role in to my knowledge. But yes, some populations of neurons can regrow. Whether they make the correct connections is another story. It seems like there is some confusion when I say that the rabies virus is expensive to have on hand. Every government must make a decision on how to fund rabies countermeasures. For some, like the US, it makes more sense to vaccinate the pool of wildlife, so the government pays to do so so that its citizens have a greatly reduced chance of encountering rabies to begin with (1-3 human cases a year). For other governments, this option might not make as much sense do to any number of factors, and so those governments will invest more heavily on making the rabies vaccine more accessible to humans (and their pets).

[@AlexandreJWKlaus]

Canada is a good example of this, at least in the 80s. we have too much wilderness and too few people, so have vaccines for rabies. However we often do not have enough human vaccines, since apparently there is a shortage requiring imports if 50+ people all at once are exposed, or at least they used to run out.

[@BeckBeckGo]

I had to get the vaccine protocol two years ago when I was bitten by a bat. It was insanely painful. But clearly I didn’t get sick. All I know is that I’m SO glad my hypochondriac ass didn’t encounter this particular information during that time. I’d have totally lost it.

[@dare-er7sw]

Rabies vaccine is cheap in India and readily available at $10 a vial and 5 shots are needed. The intramuscular shot is a piece of cake and goes in your buttock. I didn't experience any significant discomfort. Got the vaccine four years back as a precaution when I was bitten by a pet dog.

[@a16tthree365]

i am indeed a freedom lover

[@caribbeanman3379]

Something I never hear mentioned in the context of Rabies treatment is amputation. Wouldn't amputation be an effective treatment in situations where timely medical treatment for a rabid bite is unavailable? Of course this would only apply for bites on the limbs. But that's where most bites occur anyway. Do you know if this mode of treatment is/has been used anywhere at any time?

[@RRQKIPASANGIN]

Rabies to T-cells: YOUR LIFE IS NOTHING, YOU SERVE ZERO PURPOSE. Rabies to neurons: Your life is everything!

[@blacklight683]

when it reaches the brain:(*thunder in the distance*) Literally kzbin.info/www/bejne/foG6gGOanb6SgK8si=HYXO1Wl6cnr0pUMx

[@jansatamme6521]

that is correct, neurons are sacred, the immune cells are made to fight until the bitter end and they do

[@dbush4life]

This makes feel me more comfortable about not touching grass

[@Gabethedoggo]

ok

[@Idk4x]

ok

[@Sea_Leech]

ok

[@Blackholes.]

All bot are in there

[@ukeedge2761]

​@@Blackholes.Ok

[@phantoplasma]

I was bit in the face by a dog, the fact I knew rabies goes straight to the brain scared the shit out of me that day. Not a long distance.

[@wawaweewa9159]

That scares me jsut reading your experience

[@bluwasabi7635]

did you have to get a vaccine?

[@hellomark1]

There was a guy in BC, had a bat fly past him and it just lightly brushed his arm. Months later he died from rabies. Bat scratches and bites can be microscopic and you probably won't feel it. Furthermore, bat immune systems are weird and the rabies virus lives alongside them without killing them or showing infection.

[@bluwasabi7635]

good to know @@hellomark1

[@Proteus_Ridley]

@@bluwasabi7635 He hasn't responded.....Oh no....

[@aaabbb58509]

Rabies: Evolves to target brain. Brain: Develops vaccines to stop rabies. Rabies: *surprised pikachu face*

[@Crafty_Breeze]

I just realized that the brain of a neurologist studies itself

[@Idontknow83829]

Rabies: I knew this was coming...

[@BlakeAtStake]

hey buddy 2016 is down that way

[@Newko]

​@@BlakeAtStake *points at fourth dimension*

[@poindextertunes]

@@Crafty_Breezewtf 😂

[@hectamus_]

I’ve always said that if rabies somehow evolved to spread via airborne means of transmissions, we are absolutely doomed.

[@anwyllaquilla4724]

Wouldn't people who are somehow immune to rabies survive, and everyone else die then? Nobody else to infect and rabies is no more

[@ThomasTheThermonuclearBomb]

Luckily, that would be really difficult as it would have to somehow find a neuron to ride to the brain before the immune system smashes it

[@benthomason3307]

that would basically be a zombie apocalypse

[@L2_Impart]

There was once a time where a virus was lethal, and infectious. Now we've vanished it from the earth. Wonder what kind of *small* virus would've done it?

[@NicholasAndre1]

Yeah the saving grace of infection is that the highest infectious diseases leverage the upper respiratory infection, and are therefore less lethal. There’s a selective pressure on diseases to become less lethal because the optimal survival pathway is for them to become less lethal. I would guess the whole tissue affinity and mechanisms of rabies are inconsistent with high transmission.

[@kenhaze5230]

You mentioned transmission, but, all told, rabies isn't doing great at the evolutionary arms race. It's not a virus's goal to kill its host; killing its host means no more transmission. Rabies has never been ubiquitous, because it can't be-its hosts would become too few to transmit it. So, as an ultra-deadly virus, its resigned to low background levels of prevalence.

[@Suiseisexy]

Interesting reservoir relationship with bats, if we crack it we might stop all viruses. Rabies out here losing it for the whole team maybe.

[@dmitriy4708]

It is so efficient in transmission that it can avoid eradication which is surprising by itself. So, it is not one of the most prevalent viruses, however a pretty successful one. Most viruses do not infect so many different species on so many continents.

[@kenhaze5230]

@@dmitriy4708 you make a very good point. The fact that it can be transmitted well before symptoms and death is also part of that recipe. I'm not sure it's as "successful" as ubiquitous asymptomatic viruses, but it's definitely a success story of a kind in that its prevalence to ubiquity (if something can be sparse but ubiquitous) ratio is impressive. Good job, rabies!

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

The "winning strategy" for a virus would be to let the host survive long enough to be transmitted wildly, then mutate. Like how you can give your roommate a cold, get better, and then get infected again from them. Just a big infection circle. And the lesser the symptoms, the less likely it is for the host to stay in bed and the less likely it is for them to be noticed, the less likely for other members of the host species to avoid them. The massive behavioral changes with rabies are a dead giveaway that something is wrong. But a runny nose is a minor inconvenience that doesn't cause the infected individum to stay dormant or the rest of the group to avoid them. And it's a great way to spread. Plus the near zero lethality means even if the immune response is successful, there will be another host to get around. Even HIV is "smarter" than rabies. Infecting immune cells is already a great way to get around an immune response. But the near complete lack of tissue and organ destruction means the host will live for quite a while before other infections take them out. And it is seen that "new" viruses tend to be very deadly at first, but later strains are usually more tempered. The virus basically "learns" not to off too many of the host species too fast and the host develops a moderate response and resistance. Looking again at HIV, it's relatively close relative SIV in chimpanzees (SIVcpz, source of HIV-1) and sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm, source of HIV-2) doesn't cause nearly as much damage. It doesn't cause near complete destruction of the immune system. But it also had over 30 000 years to get into balance with it's host, while HIV had less than a century and is still in that early, highly lethal phase. And even HIV-2 is less aggressive than HIV-1. The same with SARS-CoV-2, the currently circulating omicron strain is much less lethal than earlier strains, while also showing much higher reinfection rates. Both viruses are basically developing towards a long lasting, balanced reservoir in the population.

[@Suiseisexy]

@@HappyBeezerStudios Without the constraints of the "Pandemic" video game scenario that requires killing hosts as a goal the perfect virus is a low virulence, high lifespan symptomless do-nothing and I assume some such viruses have evolved - these respiratory viruses are like seasonal memey boys that ride currents of immune system strength variance in humans. Colds and such are migratory virus-geese, honking at us from within.

[@The_CGA]

I got bit by a bat that flew up the apartment chimney and decided to take a nap on our bed while we slept. We took the corpse of the bat (yeah we had to catch and You than Eyes it) to a weird facility like something out of the walking dead in the state capitol where they had us put it in a fridge-a fridge with a door on the other side-for total isolation of the technician. They called about 2 hours later “that bat had rabies” anyway 3000 dollar ER bill, shots in my butt, thighs, abdomen, and directly on the finger it bit. Felt like they were blowing up my finger like a balloon. Boosters twice again. Finger twitched kinda weird for about 6 months after that. Landlord’s insurance company settled the hospital bill and I got a new desktop from the leftover money. 6/10

[@DiamantOpp]

took me a moment to realize you mean "Euthanize" lmao

[@candace8697]

Wow this is crazy!! thanks for sharing im glad you made it 😭

[@redmadness265]

Get rich quick scheme Also thank goodness you're not dead

[@bytgfdsw2]

Damn an insurance company actually paid out. Rare occurrence indeed

[@The_CGA]

@@bytgfdsw2 I opened really early with "Just pay my hospital bill and I'll waive," Then they took so long sending the check, and I took so long in paying, that the hospital, per the american healthcare system, lowered the price. The free computer I got out of the deal did not equal the amount of financial stress and dread involved

[@Wunba]

You’ve given me a fear of trying to remember I got bit by any animal in the last 90 days 😬

[@kris0375]

Vaccinate quickly

[@pseudopseudohypoparathyroidiss]

It's not rabies

[@altheamantes2041]

Rest in peace womp womp

[@unifiedhorizons2663]

Fun fact rabies have been known to lay dormant with hosts waiting for a moment to strike when the host is at there weakest.

[@agar8967]

​@@pseudopseudohypoparathyroidiss what's crazy is the amount of people with rabies anxiety i found in reddit

[@robertoberto9385]

every time i see online people with rabies (that are gonna die) i feel so unconformatable, one the scariest diseases.

[@phylumchannel]

Go watch videos of cute animals instead! It's why I chose not to show any of that footage. Doesn't do anybody any good, but I hope you enjoyed learning how it works! As long as we're aware and have access to healthcare, we should be good!

[@jonathanc.5364]

Thank you so much for that, i cant watch another second of animals and humans with rabies​, im subscribing for that and of course by the amazing video @@phylumchannel

[@Seagirl2023]

@@phylumchannel Preference question: Ice cream or soup (any kind) As a snack

[@revtheobbyist]

ngl thought this video had a million views this is literally criminally underrated what

[@Emperorpod3]

This video has a million videos? Haha😂 nice typo..

[@Emperorpod3]

@@Orangesnake221 they made a typo, they said "this video had a million videos" i think they meant views

[@revtheobbyist]

@@Emperorpod3 oh yeah i just noticed thanks for noticing

[@Emperorpod3]

@@revtheobbyist you're welcome

[@sandygo9098]

How many views does the commercial need, you suppose?

[@apple1.32]

Rabies sees neurons: "Noo! You have so much to live for!" Rabies sees killer cells: "You should apoptosis yourself NOW!"

[@davidpowell3347]

Perhaps the scariest thing about the rabies virus is its ability to change mammalian behavior so as to get the rabies zombie to actively try to spread the virus to new victims by biting them at the same time that the virus has weaponized the saliva of the zombie with large numbers of new infective particles.

[@youtubestudiosucks978]

No, the scariest part is that all bats are asymptomatic carriers of rabies and rhey are the main cause of it spreading so often. Getting inside your house through crawlspaces, biting you while asleep and before you notice it the symptoms kickin and it's too late to use the vaccine to save you when you show symptoms.

[@Crowald]

That's what freaks me the fuck out about it. Along with its other symptoms, like photosensitivity, localized numbness, hydrophobia, and the creepiest one of all in my opinion: Reduced sedative efficacy!? How in the shit does an organism with five strands of DNA manage to hijack mammalian behavior so effectively? Furthermore, how in the hell does it prevent sedatives from working properly?

[@submariner103182]

The hydrophobia is what is really amazing about rabies. It's like the virus knows that its host will dilute the probability of it spreading by having water in its mouth rather than concentrated saliva.

[@Tbird761]

@@submariner103182 That's sort of a misconception. Animals with rabies can't communicate what is happening, but people sometimes can. There is no fear of water for the sake of water. Rabies so compromises control of the muscle tissue that trying something as complicated as swallowing (normally automatically coordinated) results in severe, uncoordinated shaking and cramping. It's very painful and nearly a futile exercise. It's an unfortunate side effect of nerve tissue damage, but not so much a specific programmed behavior.

[@GTAVictor9128]

The parasite Toxoplasmosis Gondii similarly reprograms a mouse/rat brain from their natural fear of cats to actively being attracted to their scent, all to purposefully increase the chance of the mouse/rat being caught and eaten to continue the cycle.

[@SylvesterAshcroft88]

Mad Cow Disease can also affect humans, and is just as bad as it sounds, but it's surprisingly how incredibly dangerous a lot of animal borne viruses actually are.

[@roberteischen4170]

Mad cow disease is a prion disease though, not a virus. It's a particularly folded protein that is useless to the body but somehow when it interacts with other proteins in the body causes them to change and fold like it.

[@slainer5748]

The mad cow disease isn't a virus, It's a type of an abnormal protein called "Prion".

[@roachymart2318]

that one is even worse because it's a prion disease, which isn't even alive to do things maliciously... it's a protein that didn't fold right and somehow causes other proteins to not fold right and just ruins everything in the brain. That and they're insanely hard to destroy where even high heat might not do the job.

[@yashsawarn9050]

Hi there. I learnt recently Mad Cow Disease is caused by prions and they are impossible to cure once inside. As they are misfolded proteins

[@wessltov]

Surprising? After SARS 1 and especially 2, I'd hope few who lived through these times would be surprised

[@ketsuekikumori9145]

Now I'm imagining a Cells at Work! CODE BLACK chapter/episode where a T-cell spots a rabies infected cell. It tries to take it down, only to be assassinated by another rabies virus. Of course the day is saved when a needle introduces the vaccine and the cells go into red alert looking for the intruder.

[@satoruriolu6132]

The creator wasn't joking about rabies. I once saw an animal in a video acting in a very weird way, only for me to google "Zombie virus on animals" out of curiosity and being led into rabies. Its the closest we have for it, and he isn't joking about the cute cam - its really sad to see how animals and humans end up after an infection. Really nice video explaining pretty much everything about it

[@tripplefives1402]

Try researching prions.

[@owningkoning]

Oh you wanna see real horror go watch rabies infections in human cases on KZbin.

[@mrmeep2047]

There's also the zombie ant fungus

[@Aashishkebab]

I'm guessing that's where the zombie lore came from.

[@tripplefives1402]

@@Aashishkebab prions like chronic wasting disease are way more zombie like. Infected animals walk around like brainless zombies and will walk into people and even walk into camp fires. Unlike a virus which infects certain species and must have a host to pass, prions can infect anything and can survive outside on surfaces for years before infecting something.

[@The_hot_blue_fire_guy]

The even more shocking thing is that there have been people who’ve survived late stage rabies! I believe one of the first ever was a teen girl that had to be put in a medical coma in order to allow the body to fight the infection with minimal brain damage. She managed to survive, but even this treatment is often unsuccessful as it has been tried at least a Handful of times after and most of those people died regardless.

[@nope1918]

I also read of a study where they just sort of randomly tested a small sample of people for rabies antibodies and found some people who had it but had never been vaccinated. Meaning they got it and successfully fought it off on their own. Hard to test exactly how often people get rabies and survive without intervention since there are no symptoms until it reaches the 'you're fucked' stage. 100%(ish) lethal after symptoms appear, but what about before that?

[@eVillGaming-eng]

​@@nope1918if you're immune you will never know what happened

[@MedMonk123]

Amazing video Phylum! Im glad you could use my dynein animation in such creative ways! Also i have a newfound fear of rabies now 😅

[@DiamantOpp]

You shouldn't, just be wary of approaching wild animals, though rabies is insanely lethal, it's also insanely rare

[@7pop217]

My favorite/scariest disease list: - Rabies for what this video talks about - Naegleria Fowleri because there's basically no cure or treatment after transmission so you basically die a very uncomfortable death and transmission can be as simple as swimming in the wrong water - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy/mad cow disease, kind of an irrational one since its basically dead in the 1st world, but upon infection, you are essentially dead and there's nothing you can do as a consumer if the prion gets into the meat as cooking to ideal temperatures won't kill the pathogen. You can only trust that the food regulations will keep you safe.

[@mylvie]

uhmm akshually it's called vcjd when it enters humans 🤓

[@IDontReadReplies42069]

You die of meningitis in n.fowleri so you might as well just say meningitis and no you can't "just get it from swimming in the wrong water" it HAS to go up your nose

[@7pop217]

@jayocaine2946 idk about you but when I'm swimming my head frequently goes under water whether it be from jumping in or just general swimming so yeah, generally swimming in the wrong water will get yeah

[@IDontReadReplies42069]

@@7pop217 I'm sure you have an epiglottis, use it.

[@DeepSeaHorror]

Scariest thing about Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is that its human cousin CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) can just... spontaneously show up on you. No warning, no eating contaminated meat, sometimes not even because of genetics, your brain just decides to one day turn into mush all by itself. Prions are fucking terrifying.

[@The.171]

Once again i thought the creator would have way more subscribers than they have. Underrated

[@kennyleung2001]

This channel is a hidden gem, instantly sub.

[@jonathanc.5364]

same

[@puttiplush]

Favourite pathogen? CDC Human Legionella My Beloved. Actual Favourite Pathogen? Mycobacterium leprae/lepromatosis! Much like rabies, the strains of leprosy hijack an immune cell: macrophages after engulfing leprosy at the point of contact then act as protected breeding reservoirs for it. I always envision it as a macrophage adopting a bunch of lil' cute armadillos and then giving all their babies to her friends for pets. This video was top notch! Immediate subscription and I eagerly await your next foray into medical education. :D

[@cat-ara5249]

Yersinia pestis works in a similar way in its bubonic form! It colonizes the macrophages and hitches a ride to the lymph nodes where they proliferate

[@upsetspaghettio]

dude rabies was one of my special interests (dont ask) and somehow I didn't know about the apoptosis aspect. really informative and entertaining video :)

[@Moonstone-Redux]

@@upsetspaghettio Look at the sources cited. These are literally just written in the last half decade. Depending on how old you are when you were interested in this disease that research may not have even existed then. There is so much new stuff being uncovered: it just takes a while for them to be translated into something everyone can use.

[@ginsengaddict]

Everyone always jokes about everything in Australia trying to kill you, and yet we are the only continent on Earth to have zero rabies. At all.

[@b.a.erlebacher1139]

You've got ABLV, Australian Bat Lyssavirus, which is closely related. It's pretty rare, even in bats, but if you see a bat in trouble, don't touch it, call a wildlife rescue organization. If you are bitten or scratched, they are required to kill the bat to test it, so trying to help the bat may doom it. Fortunately, rabies vaccines work just as well against ABLV. People who rescue bats get the preventive vaccine that veterinarians and other people who may handle potentially rabid animals get in other countries.

[@andrewjgrimm]

At least not rabies in dogs. You can get similar viruses from bats.

[@wlodek7422]

You literally have lyssavirus. Its close relative of rabies with similar way of working

[@TheArtisticLizard]

​@@wlodek7422Which is extremely rare, with only 3 cases of it infecting people in Australia, Queensland

[@TheArtisticLizard]

I've never been more happy to live here in Australia, because rabies just sounds flat out like nightmares

[@Aelanna]

Two summers ago I saw the neighbors' two cats attacking a chipmunk in my yard. I went to the rescue, snatched the chipmunk out of harms way and got a bit on the finger for my trouble. The odds the chipmunk was rabid were very low, but family insisted I go to the ER anyway (on a weekend). As a precaution, I was given the full course of vaccine. Nearly $3,000. Luckily I had decent health insurance so most of that was covered, but many people don't.

[@attilathenun]

I’m sure someone has said this already but neurons do regenerate, we know this because we can find neurons that contains markers of Chernobyl fallout from people that were born before the disaster.

[@pseudolullus]

Do they? Back when I was a graduate student, everyone and their mom thought that adult neurogenesis in humans was a thing, it certainly happens in songbirds and mice. But the tide has turned since, several recent (2019-2023) have failed to find any neurogenesis in human adults. There are some problems with the methods routinely used to show adult neurogenesis. For instance, radioactive nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA every time mismatch repair fixes mutations, not just during cell division. DCX and other gene/protein markers are not specific to newborn neurons, etc.

[@attilathenun]

@@pseudolullus It's been a while since my departure from academia but back then this was certainly a thing that was spoken quite commonly. There might have been more contemporary research that disputed that though. My position is that if neurogenesis is a well established in animal studies, there's no reason to think that it wouldn't happen in humans.

[@pseudolullus]

@@attilathenun It doesn't seem to happen in several other primates either, it's a bit complicated

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

It's less "reconnect that limb" or "reform the brain" and more "reconnect those two pieces of neuron cell"

[@Radiosatyr]

This is great! I’m a very very passionate person about neuroscience and infectious diseases, oddly enough Rabies Lyssavirus is perhaps among my “favorite” diseases because it’s lethality and “intelligence” so to say on evolving to be a killer in the most efficient way possible is so impressive to me! I even have two plushies of the microbe itself :D your content is criminally underrated, especially for such well edited and detailed videos

[@phylumchannel]

Thanks for the kind words!

[@Radiosatyr]

@@phylumchannel ofc! ^^

[@Fatal_Error404-lo4bc]

There's a lot more reasons rabies is difficult for your immune system to find rabies. Not only does rabies destroy the apotosis ability for a neuron, but the way it completely runs past the immune system is funny. See, a neuron is able to send a message to any immune cell saying "kill yourself" to prevent a rampant immune response that damages the nervous system. Rabies completely hijacks that, and forces a neuron to make this message very apparent to any immune cell trying to check up on an infected neuron. Rabies also just, doesn't kill the neuron, ever. This prevents the immune response against dead cells, so basically your immune system will never do anything against rabies. The only reason the vaccine works is because it forces the immune system to make memory cells that recognize rabies, and the antibodies can catch rabies as it tries to hop across neurons. This completely ends the infection process, and it will never make it to your brain with the vaccine. Rabies is also the only infection to exist that you can give a vaccine for after infection because it's so slow due to the sneaky nature of it.

[@DontTrackMe]

Great video! I rarely comment, but... engagement! Please continue to explore these little niches and I'll continue watching.

[@mirkoopizz3072]

This is an incredible work, the audio is good, the visual effect and the topic interesting istant sub, I always like the Yersinia Pestis it's so rilevant in the story of umanity

[@xrisc131]

Shockingly good vid! I’ve treated many possible (and certain) rabies exposures over the years and this vid characterizes well the disease process. I love ID!

[@jaggerbushOG]

This is great but i have searched rabies high and low on KZbin and this NEVER showed up in my results. My other account even has an entire playlist for rabies and this isnt there. Cmon youtube. What else are you hiding???

[@sussekind9717]

When I lived in Germany, when you walked through the woods, you would sometimes see food left out for foxes. There were signs posted not to disturb it, as these food pouches had medicine to immunize the animals.

[@jasonreed7522]

In my area of the USA they airdrop similar "rabies vaccine food" for wild animals to keep the virus under control. Its weird how rabies is objectively terrifying with its 100% mortality rate, and yet its culturally a normal virus. Meaning that we talk about it regularly, it shows up in children's books as a strange acting sick dog foaming at the mouth needing to be put down and tested, and its everywhere. Its very similar to tetanus in that you know about it from a very young age and how it spreads, and to go to the hospital if exposed. But i don't remember learning about its 100% mortality rate until it featured in a scishow video on the top 5 pathogens with the highest mortality rate, and rabies was in the #1 slot.

[@FuneFox]

That's really high quality for 900 subscribers.

[@cod3builder701]

Rabies? Sure, it's scary. But have you heard of mad cow disease? Fast-forward dimentia is terrifying.

[@Nebulisuzer]

literally having you're brain cells disintegrate and your brain signaling networks be corrupted is much, much more terrifying

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

And we have jet to see late onset vCJD But yes, prions are scary. Just badly folded proteins, but with the power to wrong-fold other proteins as well. There is no cure, there is no vaccine. You can't destroy them with chemicals, you can't destroy them with cooking, you can't destroy them with radiation. They can survive in the ground for thousands of years. All it takes is eating some grain from a field where a BSE-infected cow or a CJD-infected human died in the stone age.

[@ibalibagkita]

Subscribed! Always knew rabies has hacks but didn't knew why and how. Thanks

[@T_J_ClUB]

7:45 thanks to health-care insurance companies its free here and you may only have to pay the person injecting you with it with like nothing... literally...the price is soooo low that the person is like: meh .... Ill do it for free

[@bokonoo77]

God I hates that Imagine my tax money literally used to extend the lives of imbeciles

[@sleepdeep305]

I don’t think it’s the scariest outright, but just the fact that it’s relatively common compared to a lot of the other insanely lethal and horrific diseases is enough for it to take the top spot

[@koharumi1]

Imagine being a neutrophil but decide to use imperial

[@EarthSurfer]

This was wonderfully entertaining introduction to a terrifying virus! It brought smiles to all awake humans in my home this morning.

[@UncleCheekClappa]

Do a video on Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). My friends little brother is 1/7 survivors in the United States vs a disease with a 98% mortality rate

[@bscag2]

this is peak content im so glad i found you

[@glens0r]

In Australia we have ABLV. The L stands for lyssavirus. Vaccine and treatment exactly the same as for rabies yet we pretend we don't have rabies here

[@TheArtisticLizard]

Probably because of it being extremely rare, like only 3 cases in people kinda rare

[@unowenwasholo]

4:07 Well that was unexpectedly dark.

[@Alex-js5lg]

Great video, though it is worth noting that the fatality rate may not be _quite_ 100%. The Milwaukee and Recife Protocols may have saved a few rabies-positive folks, and there are reports of a handful people in India who have recently survived with neither the vaccine nor the Protocols. That being said, the quality of the data on these survivors isn't great, almost all of the survivors had serious health problems post-treatment, and some of the medical community has discouraged the use of the Protocols on the basis that the successes were coincidences/misdiagnoses.

[@Alex-js5lg]

Ah, someone else already commented about the Milwaukee Protocol!

[@CramcrumBrewbringer]

That makes no sense 😂 Why would doctors say not to try something when the alternative is 100% death?

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

The interesting thing is that perhaps in a couple million years we would develop some level of resistance. But that obviously requires further contact with the virus. And it doesn't mean immunity, just a higher survival rate.

[@assasincubique4501]

I have a story to tell about rabies. In my hometown I've talk to a retired neuroscientist who used to travel the world and study different animals. He always travelled with his dog and one day in Amazonia his dog bites him on the leg and was acting crazy. He unfortunately had to put her down. He said that once he was back in the lab he sliced his own dog brain to check what illness he carried (he was certain he did have rabies but wanted to check if he had a mutation or other illnesses). That's when I learned that rabies is "slow" because it doesn't enter the bloodstream and as long it's not in the central nervous system you can get the vaccine and halt the virus progression.

[@jasonchiu272]

Rabies is like that final boss who just wouldn't stop evolving.

[@unitedastronomer]

the editing is top tier

[@tjspeirs75]

unless i missed it near the beginning, this video did not mention covid once. but youtube decided to put the warning on the video anyway just to scare people away. very informative video, really appreciated it

[@IM4plebz]

maybe youtube thinks that anything involving vaccines is related to covid

[@ntdscherer]

The word "vaccine" probably triggers that.

[@Gun5hip]

KZbin's like the hot sauce putting that shit on everything.

[@douglasrocha2515]

In these situations I feel grateful for living in Brazil. Once I was bite by a stray cat (turned out to be a domestic cat, we found the tutors) and they didn't think twice: I received 3 shots of the vaccine and was about to be injected with the serum when we discovered the cat had itself rabies vaccine.

[@Spartan-sz7km]

The zoomer editing is what heightens this video

[@milosmucalovic5149]

I was scared shitless about rabies when i was younger. I watched a program on national geographic about possible ways the world would end and it was about rabies like a virus. Scared me so bad.

[@lunarbat6009]

8:06 AGREED (it's why it became my favorite subject in 7th grade science) 💯💯

[@atashgallagher5139]

Rabies is what happens when the coders are told they have to actually try even a little bit to optimize their code.

[@ryanatkinson2978]

This was super interesting!

[@sgtbrown4273]

I saw a child with rabies in India, and it was by far the scariest thing I have ever seen.

[@hgbugalou]

Love these video animation explanations of diseases. Some suggestions for the future of pathogens with interesting pathology : Herpes Clostridium tetani Ebola HIV Naegleria fowleri HPV Immune System vs Cancers (when it goes right, when it goes wrong)

[@phylumchannel]

Many of these are on The List! Some of them actually served as inspiration for the whole channel. Thanks for the support!!

[@haleydavenport2837]

So basically if you get bitten by a suspicious animal go seek medical attention immediately, in fear of rabies

[@ZimoNitrome]

You should make a video on prions. And how they spread in cannibal communities like in Papua New Guinea. I never fully understood why they were more prone too it. Maybe it was just that it spread because they ate eachother instead of the misfolds dying out with their subject.

[@robbierotten2024]

Prions are misfolded proteins that self replicate. Eating the matter of your own species seems to be the main cause for whatever reason. Cows fed bonemeal or something of other cows caused mad cow disease, another prion infection. Cannibalism in humans functions the same

[@PURENT]

@@robbierotten2024 It's not really cannibalism but more specifically contact with any mammalian organism with prion disease, through consumption of tissue or bodily fluids/waste. It's a very exceedingly rare chance that a protein can be naturally misfolded resulting in a prion, at which point buildup of prions can eventually result in prion disease. Certain organs tend to have higher odds of prion formation/presence such as the brain/spine. A cow with prion disease which is turned to feed for 10 more cows, results in 10 more possible infections, and if those cows again are used for feed, so on so forth. It essentially spreads like communicable disease. And consumption of ANY species of mammal with prion disease can result in infection. So next time you have a steak, think about that. Or don't, because it's like a 1 in a million chance, you're more likely to choke while eating it than catch a prion.

[@kam6576]

This is the coolest biology video i've ever seen!

[@texandeerhunter7351]

When I was young, I actually contracted rabies from an infected bat biting my thumb. I’ll never forget that experience for as long as I live.

[@dubstepXpower]

Love the nod to how amazing proteins are as machines. Well done.

[@JTelli786]

"Do you have a favorite pathogen?" Not really but I do have a disease that I'm very curious about and would love to hear your entertaining commentary on it thus I'm curious if this disease is on your list of future videos. Do you plan on making a video on Chronic Wasting Disease?

[@phylumchannel]

I've dipped my toes into prion diseases with some of my KZbin shorts, I'm 100% thinking about making a very ambitious prion video in 2024!

[@JTelli786]

@@phylumchannel Sounds good! Thank you!

[@zoenavales7846]

Got my last shot of rabies vaccine almost a month ago after being scratched by a stray cat and I'm thankful for all the friendly nurses who helped me along the way. 💓

[@shivachakraborty7427]

Rabies...nightmare fuel indeed

[@Cosmo_Human]

"I'm not Korean" sounds like "I'm North Korean" 💀 0:06

[@Clown_the_Clown]

@@Cosmo_Human you must be def

[@zakyzigzag]

No it doesn't

[@emi-ber]

isn’t rabies a big reason why whenever someone suffers a bite (from animals or humans) they have to make a ton of tests and a ton of preventative treatment.

[@rykehuss3435]

1:45 inflammation is not "collateral damage", its a useful function to promote healing. Sometimes it itself can cause issues yes, but usually not. Same goes for fever. Its a defense mechanism working as intended, though sometimes can get out of control

[@steeledminer616]

maybe not inflamation itself but the immune system tends to lack the ability to discriminate once it's fighting things. A lot of immune responses can be summed up in the same was as using a flamethrower or grenade might stop a mosquito in your bedroom.

[@rykehuss3435]

@@steeledminer616 No, majority of immune responses work just fine and is not taking a flamethrower to a mosquito. For example if you get a cut on your finger, it'll get red and inflamed, thats the immune response. Then it'll heal. Working as intended. The inflammation promotes healing since its causing the body to pump all kinds of useful stuff to the site of injury.

[@ViDeTool]

Not inflammation. But the inmune system uses several "weapons" to control infections that are also potentially toxic to our cells. Inflammation in our own tissue signals that the body was damaged and needs to be repaired. For example ROS. Hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxide and others do cause eventual damage to our own cells although we tend to be more resistant to it than other organism.

[@rykehuss3435]

@@ViDeTool Inflammation is an immune response meant to promote healing. Educate yourself

[@Thedrunkenswede1337]

@@rykehuss3435 do you feel better now ?

[@dreamyangel1858]

"If you have any favorite pathogene" this man have dedication to his job

[@TROOPERfarcry]

I love how KZbin mindlessly tacks on the "covid" banner, which links to Wikipedia, which can then be edited by the guy who made this video anyway, so the entire pack of bullsh-t is just a carousel-of-dumb that we're stuck on, only instead us riding the plastic-horse, the plastic-horse algorithmically f-cks us silly, because who needs to think when we've got pamphlets of idiocy scattered all over the metaphorical parking lot?

[@Jordan_The_Warden]

The most terrifying disease imo is anything caused by prions, but rabies is terrifying

[@WhoopDeDooz5250]

I can't believe a creature with 5 genomes can painfully kill you

[@awesium4077]

I don't think any creature has more than one genome. 5 GENES, on the other hand, is crazy.

[@zimriel]

@@awesium4077 also a virus isn't really a creature. it's more like a machine. or even like fire.

[@gamer_X322]

It's seems like a perfectly engineered bioweapon made by some corporations.

[@tatrotzz3643]

Corporations? Rabies has existed long before any corporations existed. Its been around for at least 4000 years if not more

[@robertandersson3417]

Favourite and favourite, I am scared of HIV, Malaria and Ebola. Smallpox is bloody terrifying aswell.

[@khanhphan8481]

Absolutely amazing video🎉. Can you do Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Thank you

[@phylumchannel]

Already did! Check the video archives.

[@khanhphan8481]

@@phylumchannel Thank you. Amazing videos you have there. Subscribed :)

[@_Harvestman_]

The detail that struck me was that it only has 5 genes. That and it's discretion in picking which cells it will force to self-detonate. I'm not putting on a tinfoil hat or anything, but if i was gonna write a story about a villain genetically engineering a purpose-buikt bioweapon, rabies would put anything i could come up with to shame. The virus' only inefficiency is its incubation period, and that really feels like we're just being thrown a bone

[@Orangesnake221]

This video was amazing and explained it so well!

[@IBeforeAExceptAfterK]

Someday, once humanity stops constantly fighting amongst ourselves and engaging in meaningless competition, perhaps we'll take on the monumental challenge of eradicating rabies for good.

[@XoLiTlz]

My country provides free vaccinations to all dogs and cats. It's perplexing to me that rabies hasn't been eradicated, but then something clicked. Bat, the airborne carrier of all diseases. Some species are so small that you won't realize you've been bitten, as was the case with a girl who survived Rabies using an experimental method.

[@noname-wo9yy]

Bats, truly a rat with wings

[@shinobuoshino5066]

Except bats don't bite you most of the time.

[@kd9-3.77]

@@shinobuoshino5066 bats with rabies do..

[@user-jf9wl2yy3u]

God protect me in rabies because back in old days when i was a child our province has many cases of rabies and many dog are infected and they kill it because rabies cases are so many among dogs in our province so our cat is infected by rabies because my cat always fight in dogs and ended got bitten and they eat with the dogs that are have rabies so thank god no matter how cat bite me or scratch my head even they are infected by rabies because they swelling and when i got bettin and scratch i started to get fever really high and i started to get aggressive and start to swell saliva alot and wanted to bite my family i survive without any ejection because i faced life and death no hospital involved only god and after what i have experience no matter cat's bite either on my head the things happen is my body heat like small fever for 7 to 12 hours and after that nothing happens to me because every bite i manage to survive because my body adopt like it is only like fever virus that only takes to fully kill in just 7 to 12 hours that's all thank you lord nothing impossible in you thanks for my immunity's for rabies

[@Moonstone-Redux]

If you have the time you might want to contact a university or hospital in your country that has an active rabies research group. I think they would be very interested to know how you survived.

[@dracoalexios1213]

I'm an in-home fitness trainer. Client's dog bit my arm. ER wont take me in because I have no insurance; told me to come back if I have severe pain, oozing or swelling.

[@sorisona]

I live in a poor third world country and even we have free vaccines available for pets and people. It's a testament to how serious we're taking this disease is.

[@Wrulfy]

The thing that baffles me the most is how it managed to do *all of that* with just 5 genes.

[@KalijahAnderson]

If I had the ability to get rid of one disease, it would be rabies.

[@Jonas-Seiler]

you have no idea how paranoid I’ve been about rabies for years now. literal irl zombie virus

[@chetan_naik]

I damn scared of rabies. In India a girl had rabies infected dog bite, she died despite taking vaccine within stipulated time. She developed rabies symptoms and died. I don't know how inoculation failed to save her.

[@erikjohnson9223]

"Favorite" plant pathogen: Erwinia amylovora (fireblight of pome fruits). My actual favorite is probably Ustilago maydis (corn smut) because I can eat it, but for that reason, am less interested in its control. I suspect you were prompting for human pathogens. I try not to think about those much, but maybe shingles/chickenpox to build off the nueral theme.

[@freelunch1458]

I think HIV/AIDS is under appreciated in creepy diseases lists since not only is it just a horrible disease to catch but it could actually kill you very quickly but “chooses” to let you live for a few years to increase the likelihood of spreading it which always gave me the creeps

[@DoctorAids]

God was really playing Plauge Inc while making rabies 💀

[@avrenna]

Reddit is also obsessed with prion diseases. That might be another nice topic to cover.

[@kevanhubbard9673]

A formidable disease but I have read of the odd person surviving full blown Rabies and I think that one was a girl in South or Central America a couple of years back but it's once in a blue Moon just like when you read about someone surviving 7 years with Pancreatic Cancer....but most don't.Funnily enough regarding T Cells and cell death I came across this recently with an obscure T Cell Lymphoma called Mycosis Fungoides in which the tumours collapsed causing potentially lethal infections in the skin.

[@fsaldan1]

I was bit by a dog when I was about six years old, around 1959, and my father took me to a place where they gave me rabies vaccine. Several times, I do not remember how many. The vaccine was applied to my belly. It is supposed to be a painful vaccine. I do not remember how painful it was. I did not have any side effects. This was in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

[@iwatchthemooooon3002]

@@fsaldan1 krl meu

[@adrianwilson7536]

To all the 'this virus or germ is way more efficient'. Genetics doesn't care, it's not trying to be the best, it just has to be good enough. Also the whole reprogram the infected to be all bitsy while loading the saliva with virus is a neat/terrifying trick in such a small payload. And it seems most diseases that hijack the brain and the actions of the host they kill it, ( or get it killed). So for that class of infection it's seems average. Maybe there is/was a stable host but the method of slow infection allowing host to move to new areas before going all bitey bitey infection mode, plus I think host is driven to water from thirst and so more likely to encounter new host. And all to keep a tiny packet of genetics existing into the future while flipping the bird to entropy

[@JSnwl-ng5zq]

Why can't a rabies vaccine works for life time?? Can't our immune system be trained to deal with rabies once and for all.

[@mark33545]

A rabid racoon attacked my cats and wife, she fought the thing off, so lucky she didn’t get bit. Animal control caught it and cut its head off at a lab and confirmed rabies, scary shit!

[@AgentMercer]

F for the cats but at least it wasn’t a kid

[@parlor3115]

Honestly, this should make us lobby our bodies to allow the immune system to interact with the nervous system even under limited capacity. I mean, the other option is just dying, right?

[@phylumchannel]

I think it's a cost/benefit kind of deal!

[@wlodek7422]

It actually does. There's special type of cell in brain that takes care of that. Its just not enough to take care of rabies

[@zqxzqxzqx1]

Very interesting and educational. Thanks!

[@pajac6809]

Great video I'm surprised you have so little subs, and also my favorite pathogen is ebola

[@tenchu951]

My number one is Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease. You won’t get rabies if you vaccinate and there is even a post exposure vaccine. Granted if you miss all your opportunities to protect your self from it it is a pretty grotesque way of dying. Creutzfeld Jakob on the other hand is 90% sporadic, there is no cure, within months u will get severe dementia, you will become unable to walk, you will have painful spasms of the whole body and you will develop akinetic mutism (unable to move and speak). The only good thing is that you will most likely be so badshit dement that you lost your mind already and that over 90% die within 1 year. Of course other prion disease like the new variant CJD from infested meat and the fatal familiar insomnia mentioned at the beginning.

[@ajr993]

0:49 Actually we do have techniques to save someone at the end stages of rabies. By putting them into a coma and keeping the body temperature low enough with an IV for hydration and using anti inflammatory steroids, a person can definitely survive rabies. The thing that kills you with rabies is a combination of high temperatures, seizures, inflammation, dehydration, etc. So if you can mitigate these problems, you can survive.

[@AgentMercer]

That has worked in like one single case, and the girl was so fucked up afterwards that she didn’t even remember how to walk

[@ajr993]

@@AgentMercer it hasn't been tried on many people and all I said was you can survive. It would also be a lot more effective if they were given immunosuppressant some time after the vaccine injection to prevent the immune system from causing additional damage after the virus was already gone

[@TommyShelby157]

@@AgentMercer 29 people