Why the Himalayan Mountains Don't Have Volcanoes

[@Hurricane0721]

Eventually when the Himalayans erode many millions of years from now you might have a lot of laccoliths left behind from those magma pockets under the mountains. Laccoliths are sort of like a failed volcano that never reaches the surface. Eventually the magma solidifies, and becomes a strong erosion resistant rock. Erosion erodes away everything around that solidified magma, and formations like Devils Tower in Wyoming are what you have left.

[@Dragrath1]

Speaking of Devils tower the recent discoveries related to the Rocky Mountain's and their formation as likely having been caused by North America smashing into a major volcanic archipelago microcontinent the timing of the ignimbrite flare up events, starting around ~50 Ma to the North and propagating south until ~20 Ma with predominately siliceous volcanism coinciding with the exposure of metamorphic core complexes we can finally put Devils tower and its kin into context. While its hard to know if devils tower ever reached the surface to become a volcano there is a good chance it may have as it fits into the overall timing of the Eocene ignimbrite flare ups with an appropriately siliceous chemical composition of phonolite much like what the modern Mt Erebus stratovolcano erupts. I suspect it was shallow because you need relatively fast cooling for the hexagonal column crystallization to occur, to me a stratovolcano with an active magmatic conduit seems like a likely possibility as two similarly viscous long lived silica rich lava lakes currently are active namely the andesite lava lake of Mt. Yasur in Vanuatu and the phonolite lava lake of Mt Erebus in Antarctica.

[@Darryl_Frost]

I have a complaint, why do you keep posting? Every time you post I have to stop whatever it is I'm doing and watch your excellent video's!! THIS DOES NOT NEED TO STOP.. Excellent job once again...

[@r22gamer54]

ikr he is so underrated

[@nickpapadopoulos9978]

You had us the first half

[@kersebleptes1317]

A great question, very well-explained! Good stuff, many thanks!

[@trollface7998]

That's the reason why we have hot springs throughout the Himalayas

[@gopal_kolathu1960]

There are hot springs / mud springs here and there, I’ve bathed in one, in the lower Himalayas in Sikkim. There are faults, and even without magma, I guess it does get pretty warm a few kilometers down 😊. So water can and does trickle down in places and comes back up as steam.

[@nickkorkodylas5005]

Himagmalavayas!

[@antitorpiliko]

@@nickkorkodylas5005 fantastic word smithery

[@matthewhooper4686]

Welded. That's a new price of knowledge. Great video. 👍

[@rocinante4609]

One might say that India is a gift of the Himalayas. It has a huge influence on the climate and weather patterns in the sub continent including giving rise to some of the largest rivers systems in the world.

[@dep3031]

Himalayas a sanskrit word means abode of snow which means a special place, a abode of gods

[@TJSaw]

Without the Himalayas, India and China as you know them today would’ve never existed.

[@dr.trekker4468]

Yeah but without the Indian plate , the Himalayas would not exist.

[@ktmsports4241]

Its in nepal not in india you goddamnit

[@watchdognepal]

So indian thing to say. Everything is not about a country bruh. We are talking about himalayas not india. The creator said out of 10 highest himalayas 8 lies in the range so you know which country he's referring to if you're not dumb and still its not about country

[@terrydavis8451]

Mauna Kea sits on the back of an older volcano and does not extend to the sea floor. Mauna Loa is the tallest because it did come from the sea floor. I got this info in conversation with Don Swanson at the USGS Hawaii volcanoes national park.

[@badabingbadaboom9251]

I'm going to mention this in my geography class

[@karihamalainen9622]

Can you really say what is "old" and "new" volcano in this wandering hotspot called Hawaji-Emperor chain. That magma can make volcanoes in large area. Convection-cells hapenings dictates where it will blow itself out. And sri my rude english. Emperor-chain history is amazing! Islands and Reunion hotspots are kind of meh.....

[@KuK137]

@@karihamalainen9622 Yes, you can reliably date volcanic rocks due to gasses trapped inside. If one volcano has uniform age, and the other has much older rocks on bottom, we can tell which is which and the precise age of both, especially seeing there is less erosion and contamination of rock underwater.

[@SlurMaster9000]

Thanks Terry. Love your operating system

[@tengonadacluewhatsgutsprec1419]

​@KuK137 But if it's fed from the same chamber why can't both peaks lay claim to the base of their shared mountain?

[@Faelani38]

America is fused. It did try to rift in the lake superior region but it stopped. The Rockies are still growing as well I believe. The Appalachians are very old. Geology is awesome.

[@DarkKnight52365]

all the mountain ranges around the Atlantic where once apart of the same range that broke apart

[@nickkorkodylas5005]

_>Geology is awesome._ Geology rocks!

[@loganskiwyse7823]

The only mountain range growing in the continental United States is the Grand Teton Range. A Subset of the Rocky Mountains located just south of Yellowstone. The only other individual mountains to "grow" are volcanic and doing so due to growth inside the magma chamber. In other words, there really is only erosion taking place in nearly all US mountain ranges. There were at least 2 rifting events affecting the central plains of America. And while both events stopped (your thinking of the largest of the events BTW), the second event did not result in rebuilding of the thinned crust. This is why we still have a New Madrid Fault zones along the southern Mississippi.

[@davidhugill4668]

I had the privilege to go on a geology field trip in Bhutan in 2018. Along one of the vertiginous roads, one stop was to examine some granites that are estimated to be among the youngest exposed on Earth, only about 10 million years from memory. I suppose those rocks would be from a solidified magma chamber that was "rapidly" uplifted and eroded away to expose the granite that is now exposed.

[@iallso1]

Interesting that you mentioned the lack of volcanoes in NZ south island, that hasn't always been the case, s Banks Peninsula is made up of the eroded remains of two extinct volcanoes.

[@TheSonic10160]

They all formed before or very early in the southern alps' orogeny. The last eruption at banks peninsula was over 5 million years ago, and the volcanism only gets older from there. mount somers is nearly 90 million years old.

[@peterjohnstaples]

Why the small view numbers? This is a great channel.

[@wtfbros5110]

it just came out not even an hour ago

[@borntoclimb7116]

Those mountains are awesome

[@jadeybabes33]

Never even thought about this concept - so interesting! Cool video - I like how I actually half understand the science when you explain it - plus as a New Zealander I find your Aussie accent familiar and easy going to listen to.

[@merryhunt9153]

Thank you for the good explanation and the beautiful photography.

[@carolynallisee2463]

It's true that the Himalayas don't have any volcanos amongst them, but there are volcanoes and volcanics associated with them. The Tibetan Plateau has them, as a result of the process of the Indian subcontinent colliding with Eurasia. Mountains don't keep on growing: there gets to a point where the deep 'root' of the mountain range gets kind of pinched off. This actually causes the mountains to rise even faster, as the range, having lost a lot of mass, floats upwards. Not only does this lighten the mass of the mountain range, allowing it to float like this, it also thins the lithosphere, allowing it to spread, and for hotter material which had been deeper down, to rise up into cracks in the thinning crust and erupt directly, or else, melt surrounding rock that does this. The result is that the Tibetan plateau is riddled with geysers, hot springs and other volcanic features.

[@lotsofspots]

Calling it a purely continent-to-continent collision is a bit strange. India didn't just plow across an empty void to hit Asia, there was an oceanic plate pulling it (the Tethys or Neotethys), which would have subducted under and formed a volcanic range in Asia as it melted.

[@Dragrath1]

Yeah the suture between India and Eurasia even to this day retains a typical subduction profile with ongoing slippage, i.e. megathrust profile Earthquakes, so even the current collision is fairly unusual, In effect the Indian plate is subducting underneath Eurasia but because its too buoyant to sink its instead piling up underneath Eurasia pushing the overlying Eurasian continent upwards into the sky creating the Tibetan plateau in the process. At this point more than half of the former Indian continent has been dragged beneath Eurasia so In essence India was actually a substantially sized continent (certainly larger than Australia) prior to colliding and the collision appears to show no signs of slowing down or stopping as India becomes the basement rock of Eurasia. And there are in fact active volcanoes which intermittently erupt in the Tibetian plateau the most recent eruption being Mt. Ashi in 1951, though given the only measured deposits were a bit of volcanic ash and the reports were of plumes of ash the eruption was more or less phreatic in nature but those are now counted as true albeit typically small volcanic eruptions given in large part how they can trigger with so little warning. The typical chemical composition of magma here appears to be trachyandesite to trachydacite with magmas of evolved chemistry, i.e. rhyodacite and rhyolite, also being present so very siliceous as would be expected given how much crust any magma reaching the surface has to rise through. These volcanoes are quite understudied given their remoteness but many volcanic deposits have been identified to occur above layers with Holocene radiometric ages thus indicating the volcanic fields are indeed still active even if you discounted the 1951 eruption of Mt. Ashi due to its phreatic nature.

[@Skip6235]

There is a famous mountain in Squamish, British Columbia named the Chief that although it’s part of the Coast Ranges, which are created by subduction, it is actually a far more ancient cooled magma chamber that was thrust up to the surface by the newer mountain-building. It’s really cool to see how much darker the rock is than the surrounding mountains, and it also has a very striking almost vertical face.

[@donbrashsux]

Man I love your statistics they brilliant..

[@lat-roc9733]

much like 1967 Ballarat band called the Explosive Minds, their version of the Kids are Alright also failed to created a volcanic eruption on the charts - but i like their style

[@billgardyne7328]

Brilliantly told story. Thank you

[@whyjnot420]

I think the neatest thing about Hawaii is what happens when you figure for the depression of the earth due to the sheer weight of the mountains. The crust is actually displaced by around 4 miles. Mauna Kea is likely around 15-20x the volume of Everest. Calling it "massive" is an understatement.

[@ElliotWizerd]

Great video as always my Dude. Can not wait for the next one :)

[@Dragrath1]

If you count the Tibetan plateau there technically are volcanoes in parts of the Himalayans the most recent eruption being mount Ashi in 1951. But yeah most of the magma never reaches the surface however recent insights on the nature of the formation of the rocky mountains (see Nick Zentner's coverage of the Baja BC controversy A to Z focused on the situation with the evidence and the academic discussion) it appears that the Rocky Mountains had formed as a continental continental collision between an Indonesian style volcanic arc complex which North America collided with over the course of the Jurassic through to Paleogene when the compression suddenly stopped and reversed into extension as North America started to cross the East Pacific Rise. This likely finally provides insights into the catastrophic ignimbrite flare up events here in North America during this interval as suddenly the slowly cooling batholiths that had been tens of kilometers below the surface were brought up to shallow depths alongside the metamorphic core complexes. This thus also explains why super eruptions were so frequent as you effectively had batholith complexes that had been forming and or slowly cooling for upwards over a hundred million years(though unless reactivated by intrusions those ancient batholiths wouldn't be around 100 million years after forming but they still provide potential source for younger intrusions to chemically mix with. If you unzipped the Himalayas with an abrupt switch to extension I imagine a similar outcome would be likely to occur Interestingly based on seismic tomography it appears the subduction of the Indian plate is actually continuing despite being a continental continental collision it is just rather than sinking into the mantle it is piling up underneath the Eurasian plate creating the Tibetan plateau.

[@animaaura]

I'm not a geologist but I thought that the lack of water and hydrated crust like in a subduction zone (oceanic vs continental crust) means that in a continent to continent collision, you don't have volatiles being introduced into the mantle, and as such, you have much more viscous and dense magma that is less likely to reach the surface. This is not to say that the thickening of the crust isn't a factor, but that the lack of volatiles is also a factor, and more importantly, means that the magmatism along that boundary is actually different from that in a subduction zone. Isn't the whole study of the radioactive geochemistry of the lathanide series based on small differences in the relative distribution of the elements in the series, brought about by differences in the conditions of where the magma occurs, hence our ability to tell if an igneous rock was formed in a mid ocean ridge, or hot-spot, subduction zone, rift valley etc.? Perhaps a geologist could chime in with more specialised knowledge and credibility.

[@masrimus1607]

don't bother, because he will not respond to these kind of comments.

[@ruperterskin2117]

Cool. Thanks for sharing.

[@ricklyle3739]

Excellent content! I learned something new today. Thank you!

[@DaiElsan]

The Salt Flats, Utah, from what I remember was a colossal mountain range. My memory isn't so good now, but from what I recall, due to the uplifted weight, it eventually over came the uplifting force and started to collapse on itself. Now its what you see. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

[@Dragrath1]

Yes most of the Basin and range formed as a thick compressional mountain range which eventually collapsed, the exact origin of this has been controversial though Nick Zentners A to Z series on the Baja BC controversy helps illuminate the situation between different lines of evidence and they all seem to agree that the best explanation for the Rocky Mountains is they were a product of North America colliding with a major mature volcanic arc complex much like modern Indonesia and New Guinea that Australia is in the process of smashing into. In this sense the Rocky mountains were actually a Himalayan style orogeny albeit one which had a significant translational component due to the relative motion of the fixed island arc and North America. The timing and cause of the reversal to extension is another area of controversy however thanks to seismic tomography it has become apparent that there is a 1 to 1 correspondence between the Juan de Fuca ridge/East Pacific Rise and a deep upper mantle discontinuity that extends well down into the solid mantle at least to the Mantle Transition Zone. This deep correspondence of a physical discontinuity in the upper mantle with the mid ocean ridge involves a portion which dives under North America which maintains the transform offset zig zag pattern of the ridge system mas a whole which also happens to line up perfectly with the location of Basin and Range volcanism and other various "hot spots" most notably Yellowstone where the plume like structure appears to rise up along what looks like an oceanic triple junction. If you trace the timing of the passage of this ridge system under North America using geophysical clues and known continental positions then you find the extension timing matches up with North America passing over the EPR. This also helps explain why the volcanism which occurred alongside this extension was so extreme in terms of the number of highly siliceous voluminous ignimbrite forming eruptions as the radiometric dating for these eruptions corresponds to the same time and locations as the exposure of metamorphic core complexes. In essence its likely that all those volcanoes out west originated from a continental continental collision where they struggled to reach the surface and slowly cooled and solidified then the compression reversed to extension as NA crossed the EPR and all those deep rocks that had been tens of kilometers below the surface and the batholiths embedded in them got dragged up to the surface by the spreading crust. Due to the heat and pressures much of those batholiths even those which had largely solidified would have the potential to be reactivated and erupt as they were at much higher pressures than the surrounding exterior now. Add to that millions of years of leeching silica from the surrounding continental pile up and you have unvented siliceous now shallow batholiths which will expand to reequilibriate in pressure leading to surging magmatic intrusions and eruptions.

[@johnmcaleer8515]

Thanks for that explanation. Wonder where Australia's youngest exposed granite is located?

[@pelagiajones7963]

I love your knowledge of geography thank you for sharing 😊

[@rodparker6530]

Western Australia

[@pelagiajones7963]

Yeah I lived in Kalgoorlie for 4 years and moved to Perth for 5 years and when I came back to New Zealand to live I brought me back some gold from Kalgoorlie and nickel from kamboulder

[@johnlaforte700]

Very informative and educational. Thanks.

[@mrloop1530]

Geology rocks!

[@SB-qm5wg]

Great explanations. TY

[@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714]

The Himalajas are the tallest once you realize we are counting by above sea level.

[@dorzsboss]

Actually there are some volcanoes in the himalaya at its side to the tibetian plateu. The last eruption happened in 1953. Chinese railroad workers witnessed it.

[@rossbroomfield453]

Nice video but as a geologists I need to add a few points primarily linked with chemistry. Oceanic plates are denser but only marginally. The reason they subduct is they are made of basalt, at the subduction zones the pressure and temperature conditions (relatively low T high P) are such that this generates a lot of eclogite which is very dense and pulls the plate down. Yes the crustal thickening and horizontal stress is an important reason why collision zones don’t have volcanism but there are two other reasons. Firstly the melt created from continent rocks is rich in silica so the melt generated is highly silicic (it’s a granite basically) these are very viscous (high resistance to flow) so find it difficult to move up through the crust - secondly because there’s no subducting plate the amount of melt generated is quite low - for example especially in the Eastern Pyrenees there has thought to be no igneous rocks generated as a result of the Pyrenean orogeny.

[@masrimus1607]

he won't respond to these type of comments.

[@hillwalker8741]

that's why it's so cozy warm in the valley of the blue moon, shangri la

[@biochem95]

Thank you for this video it was well done and informative. I’ve often wondered about why there aren’t volcanoes in the Himalayas. Do you know if the Deccan traps were related to this collision between India and Asia?

[@amitavasengupta5580]

The deccan traps was a part of the Reunion hotspot

[@williamruiz26]

This is a question I had since elementary school, and no one ever answered it only dismissed it. That's' American education for you. Thank you.

[@kdeuler]

Interesting. Thx. Question: presumably there was ocean between the India and Asia plates before they collided. Did subduction occur under one of these plates before the land masses met?

[@anantdabholkar685]

One major difference between subduction and collision type tectonics is the absence of ocean water around magma in the collision situation. The resulting steam and the pressure it creates helps volcanoes grow and erupt.

[@JaggelZ]

Only issue i have with the video is that you mentioned these gigantic magma chambers that some day will be revealed to the surface and that you live in an area where this happened before, and then you just show an (admittedly pretty) garden ._. I hoped to see some interesting geological features from those chambers or atleast being told that they dont look special or something like that Otherwise awesome video, subbed ^^

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

The rocks in that garden are granodiorite and granite, which are the solidified remains of that ancient magma chamber. Thanks for the sub :)

[@professorsogol5824]

In future videos, would you kindly add a caption giving the name of the mountain or other local depicted so those of us viewing would be able to find the place if we happen to be in the vicinity? For example, you mention granites exposed in a park in the region of Australia in which you riside. What is name of the park? In what state, city or township is it located?

[@MrMomo182]

I rode a motorcycle 1000km around the Himalayas last month. We visited karst limestone cave system in Khotang District. I was suprised to find karst there, just like Mole Creek in Northern Tasmania and Oberon here in NSW. I wonder whether the Dhudhkoshi River, which means Milky River, is white compared to the Sunkoshi River because of dissolved calcium carbonate. The colour is very obvious at the confluence of the two near Ghurmi. We rode the motorcycle between the Sunkoshi and Dhudhkoshi Rivers, and the terrain and vegetation are notably different in Khotang, compared to Okhaldunga District. I vlogged the whole trip on my KZbin channel.

[@yousifatobiya7279]

Abstract : The energy that dominates the earth is very great, some of it is natural, like the heat of the sun and volcanoes, and some of it is human action, by cutting down trees, without replacing them and cultivating in their place... There are five forces that control or dominate the planet... 1- The first theory (horizontal dynamic movement) and its end... The occurrence of storms, rain, floods and snow, at unexpected times and places, is because of the expiration of this theory, which needs to be balanced... 2- The second theory (vertical dynamic movement) and its end... This movement or force controls or dominates the earthquakes, earth cracks, drying up of rivers and lakes, earth openings, mountain collapses, and the emergence of drinking water springs on the ground... It becames out of control... These phenomena increased due to the end of this theory... The third theory: it is water that rotates the earth... The fourth theory: the Earth's axis of rotation has tilted 2° degrees... The fifth theory: The Earth has a new orbit... These studies had completed and sent on July 26th 2000 YOUSIF A TOBIYA FORCIBLY DISPLACE

[@Metalkatt]

*listens to the welding bit* I wonder if that's what happened to Appalachia. Those mountains are older than bones (literally), which is why they seem largely insignificant now. The middle of North America is largely stable, as well. (Not to bring everything back to the North, but as that's where I live, it's my only frame of reference.)

[@Dragrath1]

Yep this is indeed what largely happened a number of volcanic arcs were mashed up into NA where extensive metamorphosis consolidated the rocks into hard durable basement rocks. Much of the coast east of the Appalachians is effectively composed of the piled up sediments eroded off the mountains and carried downstream by rivers and the same is fairly true to the west especially in the case of the foreland basin which was effectively the land pushed down by the weight of the mountain range.

[@striker44]

I wish Indian subcontinent is an island again, not fused with China.

[@jxmai7687]

Where are your drone shots for the Himalayan?

[@deepsouthNZ]

There is one in NZs Southern Alps in the Canterbury region it's called mt Somers it's long extinct as are all south Island volcanoes

[@TheSonic10160]

Yeah, it formed about 90 million years ago, which is long before the alps' orogeny even started

[@rickm9244]

Hadrian's wall in the UK has an example of magma that has cooled underground. Then being pushed up and exposed.

[@simonabunker]

Dartmoor in Devon is also an exposed magma batholith.

[@carlosgallegos1265]

Hi!! Could you make a video about supervolcanoes in the Andes? Turns out we have volcano complexes in Chile/Argentina that could possibly make a Yellowstone-like explosion. Not yellowstone level, but a volcano less than 100 km from the largest urban centers had a cataclismic eruption event in the past (Maipo volcano VEI 7 explosion). I feel the Andes are often overlooked, but some of the most massive eruptions and earthquakes happen here and it's nuts how people have adapted to it. From Incans building cities in the intersection of faults on purpose, designing their buildings to be able to lock themselves with technonic movement instead of falling apart to designing some of the craziest political borders in the world. The climate is heavily influenced by the Andes as well and has shaped culture in several countries.

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

Hello we already have made a video on the super volcano in Argentina, you can check that out here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bJucZ5tpeZmjmpY

[@wtfamiactuallyright1823]

Fascinating. Is it possible tho, that a volcano could slip through creating a worse volcano than normal? Not necessarily at Himalayas, but in past continent collisions.

[@wtfamiactuallyright1823]

magma could slip through*

[@Dragrath1]

Yes they can and they do particularly in the Tibetan plateau. The most recent documented eruption was Mt. Ashi (a stratovolcano) in 1951 which was witnessed by railway construction workers. Given the sheer remoteness much of the Himalayas are poorly documented but sediments below volcanic rocks have been dated to have Holocene ages indicating eruptions have continued to occur in the region with surprising frequency(still much less than atypical arc) and there are probably still undocumented/unidentified "active"(by the USGS definition of having erupted during the Holocene) volcanoes within the Himalayas . As for the danger well lava domes, explosion craters(Maars) and stratovolcanoes are documented strangely I haven't seen anything about calderas so I wonder if that might have to do with the difficulty of magma reaching the surface. Or perhaps they are hiding in plane sight buried by landslides glacial erosion or water? Also while not technically a volcano as the rock while still soft enough to flow has already crystalized and it doesn't erupt there is a waterfall in Nepal which is carving into a hot and still somewhat mushy pluton of granite its clearly not erupting so its likely already depressurized but its still fascinating that such rock could be exposed to the surface.

[@filipesiegrist]

4:58 Technical mistake: Volcanism requires magma reaching surface. If it doest, it is called Plutonism. So, there is no volcanism at himalayas

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

My meaning behind the use of the word volcanism, in this context, is to refer to anything that's associated with the phenomenon, plutons included.

[@filipesiegrist]

@@OzGeologyOfficial yes, just nittypicking a small thing. great video though.

[@TheOneAnd178]

Well what if we measure the himalayan or andes mountain ranges from their base deep in the ocean to their towering peaks?

[@gsreads]

Curious about the formation of Western ghats and eastern ghats, as well as Deccan plateau in Indian peninsula

[@the6ig6adwolf]

Years ago I got a bad case of crustal thickening and let me tell you it wasn't fun.

[@davidsellon4580]

Erosion isn't the only reason that they Himalayas aren't 500km tall. Gravity is also a factor. As a mountain grows, its increasing self-gravity causes it to sink down somewhat into the crust. Olympus Mons, the biggest mountain in the Solar system, can only have grown so tall because Mars's gravity is so much less than Earth's.

[@manpreet9766]

I guess it is not even the erosion which is the major factor. There is a limit to how high a cone shaped structure can exist on earth based on the strength of the material and shape of the base. For a mountain like Everest, the maximum height achievable is 10km after which the base will start crushing preventing further rise.

[@adamlea6339]

Rock has limited compressive strength, and if a mountain keeps growing in size, eventually it will be crushed under its own weight. Mount Everest is not far from this point.

[@Svensk7119]

Imagine the cataclysm if this range erupted. Shudders.

[@alexlo7708]

I saw some clips of tunneling along the Himalayas ridge in China. The engineer says they tunneling through the fault that moves 1 meter/year. I wonder how they solve this geo-problem in construction.

[@dylanhimiona7084]

As a kiwi in the north island, thanks for the reminder 😅

[@skoggiehoggins1445]

so where is the 490km of errosion? that doesn't really make sense , especially volume being cubic. I get what what is being said, but the numbers being thrown around here do not make any sense.That would be enough erroded away material to create the entire Indian continent / tectonic plate itself - just from what was washed off the Himalayas. also. According to the data, if they are growing 1 cm per year, then that would already have errosion subtractet, right? otherwise they are not growing. just saying damn dude, non of that really makes sense the way any of this is being communicated. Cool video though :)

[@phil42]

Best systems I've seen are layered. Having said that, my packs need major rework and testing

[@malcolmanon4762]

Isn't one of the other constraints on mountain height to do with slump angles and the fact that the underlying mantle can only hold up so much material vis its mechanical (?) strength. There's an old suture zone near where I used to live in NW England, formed when Avalonia and Laurentia collided :)

[@Dragrath1]

yes and no continental mountains are generally buoyant as they are just the tips of much larger blobs of lower density siliceous continental rock (with an overall average composition of andesite) because of this they are supported by Archimedes principal. Now their height is limited by gravity but it comes more to do with the total pressure force bearing down on them from above as that force at a certain point becomes large enough to melt rock into magma. That is largely how much of the magma in question is coming from to fill the vast batholith complexes within a compressional mountain range. However the slumping and lack of the ability to support its own weight is a major limiting factor in controlling the height of mafic volcanic mountains like Mona Loa as they are in essence negatively buoyant and thus constantly are sinking down into the mantle until they reach neutral buoyancy or more typically become subducted along side their oceanic plate. The original base surface which the lavas of Mona Loa erupted out onto has now subsided somewhere around 5 kilometers down into the mantle its only the prodigious lava output which keeps the islands growing.

[@malcolmanon4762]

@@Dragrath1 thank you for the reply, really interesting :)))

[@udavster]

6:46 meowntain range=)

[@mubpfc]

because it isn't a subduction zone. Easy peasy

[@Nightdare]

It's rather inconsistent to measure a mountain on a continent vs a mountain in an ocean either you measure from the same point or not Technically a continent is also an elevating 'mountain' that starts at the ocean floor

[@awgates85]

I am curious now, what happens if 2 oceanic collide headlong?

[@SunnySharma-ly9nl]

They will create trenches

[@youarebreathtaking903]

Why is sea level considered the base of the Himalayas. Aren't they like 20-30km deep.

[@yousifatobiya7279]

Any explanation or talk about any topic or theory without solutions ،is like someone blowing a flute without a beautiful melody... I present to you the reasons and solutions... Who knows the causes? knows the solutions... Any natural phenomenon should naturally balance... These studies were completed and posted on July 26, 2000... Yousif A Tobiya forcibly displaced

[@no.1spectator39]

Simple,, The Himalayas range are not the mountains created by volcanoes but by the crashing of Indian Tectonic plate into the greater Eurasian plate

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

Nope. It's due to crustal thickening.

[@bomat761]

The Himalayan mountains were formed from continental plates slamming together, there aren’t any volcanic tunnels there.

[@lynych]

Talk about Devils Tower

[@amehak1922]

They used to, like 20 million years ago, not anymore.

[@atifbashir1408]

Your channel has increased my interest in geology, i always wanted to know these answers about himalayas coz im from Pakistan 🇵🇰 thanks for this VDO, just a suggestion if you see Balochistan province of pakistan it has some interestingly geology features so plz do a vdo about it

[@pokesmile1712]

it does have volcanoes that erupted in the 1950s

[@Nabraska49]

So before the continental plates hit there must have been ocean to continental plate collision causing subduction and thus volcanos .. is there any evidence of this .. can’t say I buy into the continental drift theory.. I’m more of an expanding earth theorists and the mountains are caused by a flattening of the earths crust as it’s spherical angle changes to accommodate a larger sphere.

[@eriklagergren7124]

The Scandinavian Mountains are 500 million years old

[@lakshmineuroscience]

Maybe drill hole to suck magma for construction purposes

[@titakristengco]

No active Volcanoes in himalayan.

[@pakde8002]

If think this would be very obvious but...oh yeah it is.😅

[@BASILBERNARDS]

It is because Mt. Fiji has volcanoes.

[@IamSpidey00]

mount. FUJI has volcano BTW

[@gopal_kolathu1960]

I’ve heard that the Tibetan plateau is held up by this ginormous gas chamber deep under, and will collapse of the gas starts leaking. Would someone care to comment on this?

[@striker44]

If tibetian plateau is held up by gas, the chinese would drill for gas, consume it and deflate the tibetean plateau, level it to their eastern province level to grow crops for their masses and make them happy.

[@legothoron1]

and there will come a time where the North American and Asian plates will collide and create mountains along there

[@striker44]

It has already started colliding and a wall is getting build like a mountain. 😂

[@mpetersen6]

This landmass will become one. Until rifting happens.

[@AbiskarNiraula]

If any Australian wants to visit Himalayas and Mt Everest on tour package, then contact me. I am from Nepal and will provide good tour package.

[@kishorgrg5667]

Its 8848m ?_?

[@erika-xu1wg]

Some of these Dupont employees would do well to be fearful of mob vengeance

[@harripursiainen5420]

Because Master of mankind God Emperor dont allowed it.

[@erdogandmiakhalifafromsult969]

Thank god we don't have 🌋 in 🇳🇵

[@puhigeoffreywaynefuimaonok8656]

guess work

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

Nope.

[@redi6460]

Counting from underwater is just dumb lol. It's not like mount Everest is floating on water

[@malapertfourohfour2112]

Underwater doesn't count as mountains, that's blue mana not red 🤓

[@bettyswallocks6411]

So, no dinosaur has ever climbed Mount Everest? Shame!😈

[@AS-yf4jr]

Its not Hima- lay- as its Hima-leyas

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

😂🤦‍♀️

[@peanmode]

background music just irritates

[@filodipicori]

Always disingenuous to call ocean mountains "tall"- as if continental ranges don't have the entire continent as their base. As if the ocean waters don't counter gravity to keep hydrostatic equilibrium artificially high for their slopes, on top of reducing erosion.

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

Disingenuous isn't the word. It's more a matter of personal perception. I personally don't include ocean mountains in the mix, but many scientists do. And it's not particularly wrong for them to do so. It's just how you as an individual, see things. Disingenuous would entail an aspect of deceit, when there is none, as, in a factual sense, this is all correct.

[@horusmegee6969]

Could you please look into a discovery I have made about how the Volcanos of Mars are in the same pattern here on Earth. It is also similar to a volcano in Northern Hemisphere of Venus to the Hawaiian hot spot. I would be very happy if you could make a video of this.

[@TheFox2450]

I do like your stuff but, I need to clarify some of the info you have given. As it is known that the Himalaya reached it's present height in the age of man, one would wonder what caused such an uplift. Your Plate movement is viable, but falls short of the time involved in moving a land mass toward it's final resting place if the Planet has been slowed in it's rotation. So, I will give you two things to study if you want. At the foot of the Himalaya are the Sivalik Hills, full of the smashed bones of animals, rocks & trees that have been swept up across India in a massive tsunami that had nowhere to go except the foot of the Himalaya. This was almost instantaneous, but many would have seen it coming. The actual cause of this situation is called the Taklimakan Desert, the largest meteorite crater on this Earth ... Look at it, study it, accept it.

[@masksarelies391]

Woo hoo. Nr 100 likes. Just for the algorithm...

[@limbozgg4135]

0:51 so he thinks mt.everest is floating 🤡

[@Nickrioblanco1]

So you would rather have earthquakes over volcanoes. I suppose you rather be eaten by a shark instead of a crocodile.

[@OzGeologyOfficial]

I would take being eaten by a shark, any day, over being death rolled and eaten by a crocodile.