Will Gauge Blocks Stick In Vacuum?

I test a few hypothesis as to why gauge blocks stick together by seeing how they stick with almost all the air removed.
AVE's channel: / arduinoversusevil
recommended AVE viewing:
Gauge blocks; www.youtube.co....
Cold welding of gold; www.youtube.co....
vacuum welding device: www.youtube.co....
music by Dan Wurtzbacher at www.ddubbAUDIO.com
Help me make videos by donating here: / codyslab

[@cmdrmike9958]

Hey Cody machinist here. I work with both ceramic and steel gauge blocks almost daily. They both wring together (S-C/S-S/C-C) although they do wring when the surface is perfectly clean, I found its much easier if you clean them and then put a light fingerprint on one of the surfaces before wringing. if you push pretty hard while doing that, they will hold together with extreme force. If you have any questions about them feel free to ask.

[@-danR]

A fingerprint has a complex chemical signature and would probably introduce a confounding factor not related to the matter at hand. At the least, the twisting in that case might spread out the substance into sort of mating film that would enable the suction effect.

[@cmdrmike9958]

yea if i had to guess, id say the oils on my hand at work form a suction while any bits of solid help to prevent the blocks from sliding. After pulling them apart, you can see every color almost like oil on water but thinner looking and in streaks.

[@torkdork69]

Michael Johnson hey I've been watching a few vids about these but I have no idea what you guys use them for. Hoping you can shed some light. Thanks

[@Artemetra]

Well, I have a cheap set that I use for building spacer blocks - to use on the other side of the vise, in order to keep the jaws parallel. That is a crude use indeed, but you can make a spacer the exact size of whatever it is you want to hold, and the grip is better when the jaws are parallel. But one basic use of gauge blocks is to set a dial gauge at zero on a surface plate setup. Then you can measure some work to see how close to the zero it is. Like if the work is about 1.25" and you have an inch block + a .25 inch block, rung together, you can count on it being exactly 1.25". (It's actually bigger but only by nanometers!)

[@torkdork69]

Dale Emery Wow, thank you. I can't believe how awesome and simple you just put that into play for my gears to understand that. You must be a great teacher. A guide to make accurate relevant expansion or contraction on a given application within the confines of high tolerance held in a vice. The theory here now from what I understand is the precise molecular compound arrangement of similar dexterity. This is very fascinating.

[@SyndicatorDylan]

Cody + AvE, pretty skookum

[@artonline01]

Hodor!

[@o15523]

Hodor they're a couple of skookum choochers for sure

[@acetanking5462]

Righty O

[@tybo09]

skookum as frig

[@TheGayestPersononYouTube]

Hodor the chooch fer sure

[@jablonicusdemarco6213]

Im glad AvE sent them to you, I love his vids, I watch them all the time he knows his stuff, and the way he relates that knowledge verbally is absolutely hilarious. Seems I learn a new word( or non word) in every video. His *custom* vocabulary is what makes the videos so entertaining. Dont think collaboration would be the right word but good to know you two know/interact with each other.

[@dooleydooley4742]

Jablonicus DeMarco its pretty skookum

[@warfreddy6968]

Since they were from Ave, it seems pretty disrespectful that Cody didn't take the blocks apart by smashing them with a hammer while muttering Canadian gibberish.

[@clintdoolittle1576]

@@warfreddy6968 your a tool dont knock us Canadians cuz u live in the states usa cuz y'all talk like hillbillies "y'all take a gander down in these parts" Lol tool

[@Dockhead]

@@clintdoolittle1576 wow how butthurt, and hes true, not for all canadians but for AvE, hes a gibbering old man with some boredom and isolation issues, so talks shit on products he couldn't replicate to 1 degree as close or as good as the companies in use today.

[@FourDigitedMenace]

@@Dockhead I mean, how're you so sure he couldn't?

[@LazerLord10]

I wonder if you could make vacuum chamber gloves for doing more complex vacuum chamber experiments? Could be a bit dodgy, but it would open up a lot of possibilities for vacuum chamber experiments.

[@shauryanrana3906]

we could make robotic arms that could be controlled using a remote control...

[@GothBb666]

I imagine they would work sort of like EVA suit gloves, which dont have quite the mobility range of one on earth because of how the vacuum of space treats them

[@pablogarin]

The problem is that the positive pressure inside the gloves would make them inflate like balloons inside of the chamber... maybe using a combination of carbon fiber, kevlar and silicone could work... it would be very stiff to work with, but it should work on some level to do some experiments... The robotic hands are also a good idea... maybe pair them with haptic feedback gloves with IMUs...

[@madtscientist8853]

Do thay made gage blocks in copper

[@Qwerty22091997]

Well it's definitely late for an answer, but could they be made by putting rubber glove (for the sealing) inside leather gloves (for avoiding inflation)?

[@johnperry5396]

Two of the absolute best KZbinrs ever. AvE and Cody's Lab are consistently great.

[@BrianBell4073]

Your AvE links aren't chooching

[@coole29]

BrianBell4073 the most AvE comment here lol

[@alecwallisch9045]

But they are skookum as frig

[@thomasirvin9896]

No shit

[@CMDRunematti]

maybe there arent enough pixies from the wall

[@rocpile1141]

Focus you fuck!! Lol

[@neut1121]

Cody you noticed the first problem with your experiment (the tape causing tilt), but not the second: you are dropping the block from a high level which is causing a reflected shock wave (unnoticeable) enough to break the week van der waals bonds. i don't understand why you thought you needed to smash them together to create the VdW bonds, its a proximity type of bond. collision causes bounce! try dropping it from a distance of half a mm which is enough to take care of surface imperfections.

[@SullyandBitNews]

SladeCintron OHOHOHO SHIT

[@MrSladeCintron1]

1600Bit I fuckin rekt him, m8. Hes in ruins.

[@polyjohn3425]

Yeah, it bounces from the higher drop height, but then it falls again onto the block from the much smaller height of the bounce. If the short drop was going to do it, then the small drop after the bounce would have done it too.

[@neut1121]

PolyJohn i thought about that but since the surfaces are not 100% parallel a small force is still needed which bounce gap won't do. anyway it's worth trying out.

[@polyjohn3425]

Neut If the presence of air was the only thing impeding their bond, as that part of the test was meant to determine, then the upper blocks weight pushing them together would've been enough to form the bond.

[@Huberman1234]

It's funny watching AvE handle these like they'd explode if he breathed on them, then there's you dropping them on each other.

[@Dont.....-]

NanaCoffee I was thinking the same thing 😂 I bet AvE's in tears

[@miles11we]

NanaCoffee well if you plan on using them you should handle them carefully. everything seems to change shape so easily on the small scale. thats why im a woodworker, "yeah in this direction this board will expand and contract 10%, 4% in this direction and .5% in this direction seasonally" everything moves so much that you just to build in ways that alow the wood to move. makes things simple.

[@tlinrin887]

NanaCoffee Ave knows how easy it is to damage them a light scratch can make them where they will no longer wring.

[@Kageitenshi]

I learned the hard way that these things also form flash rust really easily if there isn't enough oil on them. Any moisture directly on the surface is really bad as it forms spongy protrusion of rust and pitting when the it cleaned up, both of which are bad for accuracy. Luckily the rust only formed on the non-essential surfaces, so a little 1200 grit sandpaper didn't do much harm.

[@Vedvart1]

10%? Is that an actual value you've encountered? That seems way to excessive to be practical.

[@Gazooka]

What I was told when I was training to be an engineer, was when the gauge blocks touch, the surface is so smooth and level that the molecules cold weld together, but if they are left together for too long they actually weld to each other and in some cases need replacing

[@RealWorldPolice]

Wringing is not the van der Waals force / london dispersion force. Between two flat planes with 10nm separation in a vacuum, the van der Waals-induced pressure is around .05 atmosphere. This is two or three orders of magnitude too low. Its an additional order of magnitude lower under atmosphere. The longest atomic bond of any kind is less than .4 nm, and those bonds tend to drop off by the 4th power or greater. Even if tiny peaks of the blocks are touching, it won't be enough to create an attraction. Gecko feet are a weaker attraction than gauge blocks and we know Gecko feet uses the van der Waals force. The separation would have to be below 1 nm across a large amount of the blocks to make a bond, and the roughness of gauge blocks only have tiny spots of contact. (Additionally, the force is repulsive before its attractive.) I have no clue, but the Casimir force works at the scale of block roughness. Doesn’t explain why the attraction is not hugely stronger for metals, though.

[@mildsauce5019]

I might suggest an all together simpler explanation: The small 5-10 lb force being applied when wringing is enough for local surface deformation (and temporary vacuum) of the peaks when we consider **just** how small the feature sizes are. So just a small amount of deformation at these scales -- then applied across the entire surface of the gageblock -- is enough to get the thing to stick. An experiment to run: Quantify the forces applied between blocks when wrung. See if there is a relationship between the sticking force (for example when being put into tension + pulled apart "normal" to the joint) and the force applied during wringing. GRANTED: the force application required for tighter "sticking" between the plates will be exponential -- just bc feature sizes are so normal across these faces. If were deforming the small ridges, with 5lbs ... for the user to begin to deform the less-extreme peaks (and therefor hugely more common) will take QUITE a bit more force. Simply by a function of the peak count -- far more peaks to deform. So your experimental inputs will be something like 1lb 5lbs 50lbs 500lbs 5000lbs If you have a change in the sticking force, I'd wager then the wringing phenomenon is caused by localized vacuum.

[@MuzikBike]

Will you ever go back to your precious metal refining series? I miss it

[@theCodyReeder]

yes, If you look close towards the end when my gloves failed you can see some gold chloride stains on my hands.

[@MuzikBike]

hype!

[@chiron8282]

I thought that you might have dropped that lead on your finger, or something else less heavy, and got a nasty bruise.

[@Aquana01]

Muzik Bike you are everywhere

[@RodrigoGraca31]

Me too!

[@RallyX26]

"Of course duct tape works in a near-vacuum. Duct tape works anywhere. Duct tape is magic and should be worshiped."

[@mrbob721]

We can make a religion out of this.

[@caffeinepizza]

Except that it probably produces X-rays if you manage to pull the duct tape a part in a vacuum... Enough to produce an image on dental film. :P

[@mjcmjc1]

I love that book The Martian

[@ryukisai99]

So say we all!

[@sidecarbod1441]

@@mrbob721 There is a religion based on black duct tape, its called 'The force'...it has a light side, a dark side, and it holds the universe together.

[@pmkwiek]

+Cody'sLAB I believe the friction is heating the metal slightly making the grain structure expand slightly allowing better intertwining. once intertwined the Vanderwall forces take over...

[@adfaklsdjf]

I'm really enjoying the hypotheses coming out of the CodysLab community. This one is interesting too. many hearts

[@ryanbernard6550]

opopo or maybe try dissimilar blocks.. shouldnt work

[@pmkwiek]

Ryan Bernard dissimilar as in metal? or size...

[@ryanbernard6550]

Metal

[@pmkwiek]

Ryan Bernard it would make sense for two dissimilar metals not to work... different grain boundaries and structures

[@SerajEmad]

I remember this from physics: the friction force decrease when smoothness increase to a certain extent, then it start to increase again reaching it's peak at super smooth surfaces...How? The theory says: at super smooth surfaces some of the atoms of the 2 parts get close enough to each other to form chemical bonds, not on all of the surface of course, coz otherwise The parts will be welded together...

[@Pac0Master]

Perhaps because the first type of friction is caused by the "hilly" surface bumping into each others and the smoother it gets you reduce the frequency of these bumps which lower the friction until you get to a near flat surface and then the friction increase because more of the surface area is in contact to the other. It might be possible that it partially weld together, but that's just because the metal isn't completely exposed, so you partially cold weld the piece together and every single time you take them away, you break the weld damaging the surface but only to a few atoms thick, so it's still not visible unless you were to do it thousand and thousands of time

[@bloomtwig76]

Two pieces of metals can not form covalent bonds, metals have valence electrons moving around the metal, they are not localized and so can not take part in bonding!

[@jacobmurray6731]

@@Pac0Master Not quite. Surface area has nothing to do with friction. At higher roughness, friction is caused by ploughing of asperities. At very low surface roughness values friction is caused by bonding of the surfaces. In the middle of these two you have a low friction point.

[@jacobmurray6731]

@LazicStefan no the bonding is caused by a few different effects (some of which are shown in the video), I'm not really across the details though.

[@yinshah3303]

It’s not bonding, it’s van der waal forces. Van der waal force is the momentary polarization of the electron “cloud” when one atom comes in very close proximity to another. It’s a weak attraction force. That’s what you get more VDW force when the sides are near perfect flatness ie.more atoms from the 2 sides are in close enough proximity to allow for VDW force to act on them. This is lower division chemistry in college.

[@joeycook6526]

Watching this on a large TV, I mistook the orientation of the chamber. When the first suction cup fell toward the bottom of the screen, I became slightly disoriented for a very short period of time.

[@MatthewStauffer]

If the force is electron sharing, why don't you try touching them together lightly and then running a current through them? If they stick, that would be pretty convincing to me. Try AC and DC to see if you get different results.

[@bronsonstephens5799]

Matthew Stauffer oohhh

[@JimDeegan]

This as well as temperature changes.

[@kathylassa9930]

Matthew Stauffer that's the same thing I was thinking try to put the gauges by an copper coil and run current through The copper coil.

[@Artemetra]

Glass or ceramics ring together, and they aren't conductive. But if a combination of forces are at play then it might give clues? It's always worth an experiment, ask Ernest Rutherford!

[@eideticex]

This is exactly what I suspect is happening. That sliding and twisting motion sounds familiar from an electro-magnetic reaction my father once showed me in his work shed. I don't remember specifically what it was but I remember it was very important for a magnetic bond to form between two materials that aren't themselves magnetic.

[@biocular]

Lol. Cody, i have no use for this info, but i still watch it. Idk why. Keep it up.

[@ellinlouisemillersnoxell7170]

Akuna My Tatas same well I actually use the refining playlist and the aquapoincs system playlist

[@oppo210]

The info might be of little use, but the how he got the info is useful. Throughout the video he is using the scientific method repeatedly which is very important to understand well.

[@ImNotACatLawyerButIPlayOneOnTV]

Akuna My Tatas right? None of this will help me in dental school.

[@Syncubus]

A better understanding of fundamental physics and the scientific method will help you in dental school.

[@ImNotACatLawyerButIPlayOneOnTV]

Syncubus not really. I'm training to become a dental assistant. (Going to the school is required in my state) From the looks of some of my classmates, you need only the intelligence of a chimpanzee and enough luck to squeak past the board exam.

[@cousinles80]

I couldn't help to notice you handle acid and 2000+ degree metals bare handed but when you play with awg blocks and suction cups you protect your hands.

[@slendy9600]

Les O youre supposed to wear gloves when handling gauge blocks cause it keeps all the hand oils and whatnot off. watch AvEs vid if you havent already, he was uncharacteristically careful when handling them

[@Obsidianfire]

I'd imagine it was so the oils on his hand didn't get all over the metal after just cleaning it with acetone.

[@EngineeringNibbles]

Les O You wouldn't want a nasty cut from the blocks now would you ?

[@hellterminator]

He's not protecting his hands, he's protecting the blocks.

[@jf8138]

So he can do the TESTS with near perfect pieces............................

[@MrWildbill]

You really want to see something stick like that try two pieces of polished clean glass.

[@TruthIsTheNewHate84]

"Too long as is" ? I would be perfectly happy with an 8 hour Cody video.

[@borhex]

Cody was sent to Hogwarts when he was younger but he was kicked out because he debunked all the magic with science. 100% true fact confirmed

[@waterbender6288]

Bojan Zigic can you explain a water bender

[@shopdog831]

magnetic water and aliens dude didn't you lern anything from abyss

[@greenaum]

Yup, water is diamagnetic. IE it's the opposite of magnetic, and is repelled by any magnet, like iron is attracted. But only weakly. But if you have a fuckoff enormous powerful magnet, you can levitate water, and things that contain water. Like living frogs.

[@borhex]

Demineralized water isn't diamagnetic which means that particles in the water are magnetic, watch veritasium explain it.

[@glenecollins]

Bojan Zigic unless he is from the Marvel universe where sufficiently advanced technology is the same thing as magic I don’t see how that would go...

[@Codingale]

I noticed this before but with hard drive platters. I noticed it needed friction for that to work, adding things like water and so on didn't change anything. I hadn't thought I'd watch a video about it a few months later after I was fiddling about with a busted hard drive.

[@HDXFH]

Codingale i did that before too, never thought much of it, it is pretty interesting though

[@Cruzz999]

You should take a look at the surface under a scanning electron microscope. Any micro scratches which would cause friction would be quite obvious if you do that.

[@BaxterRoss]

Cody, test to see if the electrical resistance changes depending on whether they are wrung together or just touching!

[@janot928]

From what i remember, one of the big factor for this phenomenon is the van der waals force. Since both surfaces are so finely ground, this force becomes non negligable

[@moeriou8431]

That's what he said

[@bronsonstephens5799]

YES YES YES! And Thanks For Telling Us To Watch AvE. I Really Like Him and His Channel.

[@o15523]

Get that vacuum pump choochin

[@sonofnone116]

Bryan Tuck YES.

[@o15523]

artonline01 i think they sell a special kind of vacuum chamber for that haha

[@artonline01]

Bryan Tuck it's better than a vice

[@jaredjaster5276]

Bryan Tuck nothing happens bananas don't explode in a vacuume

[@o15523]

Jared Jaster yeah I guess that makes sense since bananas don't have a very strong/airtight outer layer. Sausage in natural casing might though!

[@x9x9x9x9x9]

Awesome! I still want to see how long a hot object stays hot in a vacuum compared to the same object at atmosphere.

[@r1fromd327]

x9x9x9x9x9 how was your comment posted 39 minutes ago this vid was uploaded lol 😃

[@duncanw9901]

x9x9x9x9x9 how'd you get it so early?

[@Clane_K]

Patreon, guys

[@x9x9x9x9x9]

Because I am a l33t haxor duh! No its this little thing called patreon where I am willing to fork over a few bucks a month to support the creators I love.

[@Not_Whelan]

I was just thinking of the same experiment the other day!

[@lennyc624]

I was under the impression, based on the explanation given by AvE, that the viscosity of the air was greater than the space between which makes me wonder how they would behave under water. Interesting, thought provoking video. Thumbs up.

[@johndurant622]

I seem to remember from materials study way back when that what makes metal malleable is the shared electrons on the atomic level. It allows metals to be formed without coming apart, and makes metals behave...well...like metals. Is there a chance the blocks are so close they start sharing electrons as though they were one piece?

[@buckaroundandfindout]

No it's the resonance. To vibrating bodies due to friction. Dielectric discharge is what makes them stick. But there is no electron. Look up the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Please don't buy into conventional science. If you read more then what they tell you to you find out that all the people who discovered all this totally disagree with the science behind it by that I mean the science of today.

[@MsArchitectschannel]

The guy who just replied seems to know nothing about the subject. "Please don't buy into conventional science" says the guy who says "But there is no electron" after describing a proccess which requires a movement of electrons...? If anyone knew how this worked cody would have found it on the internet. the chances of getting an actually decent answer in the comments is basically 0

[@buckaroundandfindout]

@@MsArchitectschannel um your a fucking Moran.

[@buckaroundandfindout]

@@MsArchitectschannel do you have real proof of a practical called an electron. No because no one has. But I bet you are an atheist. If not I'll go one step farther. If it's about electrons moving then why does the magnet not run out? No it's a either. Main stream media calls it quantum fluid. Just do some research instead of reading the funny papers. The other fact of the matter Mister genius here doesn't get is that the existence of all objects is determined on the vibration by which it leaves in its environment as it moves through its environment everything is in motion. So there is no zero resting mass for an electron and if that is the case, where is the electron jackass?

[@martinda7446]

@@MsArchitectschannel Confirmed..

[@sasjadevries]

*Cody, try this:* What kind of effect does *electricity and/or magnetism* have on gauge blocks? Static electricity can hold things stuck, and steel is ferromagnetic, so it can have some effect. And then my hypothysis: if you rub a normal magnet over a piece of steel, it get's magnetised, that is: the steel gets rearranged so that the fieldlines of all particles point in the same direction... getting something to point in the same direction should be easy if the surface is perfectly flat, right? Then, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the electric field; when rubbing you are actually moving electrons along the surface, the same way you rub electrons of a PVC pipe with a microfibre rag. So you essentially generate a magnetic field going through that surface. So perhaps you can get them stuck or unstuck with electricity or magnetism, or getting it to get stuck better. Get it chuching with manly-man skills!

[@sasjadevries]

I really want to see if this works, that would be skookum.

[@adfaklsdjf]

I especially like this idea because it's testable!! Bump!

[@peterwelsh6975]

sasja de vries the vander whoever effect works on ceramics, has nothing to do with metallic properties. Gauge blocks are the most available way to show it is all.

[@Robertlavigne1]

I always pronounced it A.V.E. Now you've got me thinking.

[@jeeee3f]

Robertlavigne1 Cody says it wrong, because why not.

[@CM-ky7mk]

Robertlavigne1 I think it is said A.V.E.. If I am not mistaken it stands for Arduino vs Evil.

[@ivanstroganov5458]

Robertlavigne1 well its an abbreviation for Arduino VS Evil, so it most likely is pronounced A.V.E.

[@CM-ky7mk]

Yeps :)

[@mikstratok]

it's on the ave's youtube channel link..

[@Wise_King_Solomon]

Would wringing work under a liquid? Like, if you submerge the gauge blocks in distilled water, will they still wring together?

[@theCodyReeder]

yes

[@RexarDark]

maybe the friction from rubbing them against each other creates a some sort of a heat adhesion/reaction?

[@OutOfNamesToChoose]

Cody'sLab What would happen if they were made out of different metals? Could it be that they scratch the surface of each other, as they are of equal hardness, and therefore adhere?

[@MatthewRulla]

High quality gauge blocks are sometimes made of Ceramic. No metal involved!

[@175griffin]

I think what OutOfNamesToChoose meant was to use two different materials. One ceramic and one metal maybe. That might provide some insight into what's going on here

[@undefinablereasoning]

Your test is imperfect, it is because of vacuum, I've tested something similar with optical flats which exhibit the same property when a liquid is placed in between them.

[@rolls_8798]

this strange ecosystem of complex relationships between youtubers that I all somehow know (and love) already that I keep stumbling further into amazes me

[@matsv201]

its fairly well known today That its electron sharing That makes them stick. same as klingfilm

[@DumbArse]

matsv201 But it is much more fun to figure it out yourself

[@chaeairsoft]

matsv201 I thought it was just sealed from air creating a suction effect

[@Arknio]

CraverCuts watch the video thats apparently not whats going on

[@versus-7087]

matsv201 it's because the free electrons of metal, but it only works when there's no air or Oxide in between them

[@RabidMortal1]

That seems unlikely as it also happens with ceramic gauge blocks. If electon sharing is "fairly well known", can you provide a credible citation or two?

[@Jason1975ism]

The precision of the surface means that enough electrons are in alignment to create 2 electron beds. It's the act of sliding the 2 together that bonds them by a static like charge. I would bet they actually accumulate a magnetism that remains until you break them apart again. Just an idea.

[@jansalomin]

I wonder if there is a way to measure that, I'm not a magnet expert.

[@Koushakur]

2 years late, but just wanted to say that ceramic gauge blocks are a thing and they also ring together (they _might_ need to be oiled though, the only time I've heard of ceramic ones was also the only time I've heard of oil helping the effect)

[@DoRC]

I would have liked to see the wrung suction test post cleaning with acetone. The oils on the blocks may have kept them stuck.

[@emmjea6913]

Oil wouldn't help them stick, it would make it harder for them to stick, because oil is a fluid and slippery.

[@DoRC]

@@emmjea6913 in very small quantities on smooth surfaces like this it doesn't necessarily behave like you'd expect. That's why he cleaned them in the video.

[@nematrec1]

That laser is like your ultimate multitool with that vacuum chamber. You do some many thing with it that I wouldn't even think would be possible without it in such a tiny enclosed space.

[@JackZimmermann]

Cool to see the exchange of expertise between KZbinrs! Very interesting. Keep your stick on the ice (feel free to use whatever)

[@kineangstkills5377]

could oxygen be forming an oxide layer on the metal and the twisting motion you speak of breaks the layer along two pieces of "clean" metal touch and cold weld but only a very little of it can weld so it's a weak weld?

[@DarrenPoulson]

This is what I thought. I'm sure I've heard of it being an issue in space where freshly bared metal doesn't create a protective oxide layer, and makes it possible for two pieces of metal to bond. Here on earth (or in an atmosphere) the metal becomes readily oxidised, possibly nearly instantly. At least enough to stop cold welding. However, as you rub the two pieces together, it grinds away that very thin oxide layer. Only way to test is to machine the metal in a vacuum. Be interesting to see how precise it needs to be.

[@polyjohn3425]

Considering this has been demonstrated to work under inert atmospheres and with metals that do not form oxides at all, I'd say it has nothing to do with an oxide layer.

[@xeromist]

AvE previously mentioned that this works with ceramic gauge blocks.

[@Brammage]

As almost "perfectly flat" as they are, friction may be causing something other than a "locking" of atoms. That much surface making contact and sliding could also be doing some exchange of charge and creating a localized magnetic force perhaps. See if some magnetic viewing film can identify any fields they might be creating?

[@Berkeloid0]

Any electric charges created would dissipate quickly as heat due to the resistance in the metal (since it's not a superconductor) so any magnetic field that was created wouldn't last for more than a few microseconds, if that.

[@oskaraltman]

the link to AVE's channel, sadly, doesn't work.

[@BLacKHaLLoW]

It worked for me - For the past week, YT has been rolling out a new layout and some other things for the platform in regions causing issues with data chunks. Hopefully the link works soon.

[@icyclebelfast8381]

/user/arduinoversusevil

[@ericsaullb]

it does work for me...

[@Schpoople]

Lost Connection I had no problem using it

[@StuartRedman]

Username checks out

[@apfelll]

We did the same in middle school with hexagon shaped plastic pens. We've put them in a circle with one in the middle which was sticking out at the bottom and hit it on the table. When releasing sometimes a few were stuck together. The video immediately reminded me of this even tho I've never done and thought about it in 8 years. Probably the same kind of physic working there.

[@TreeHugg]

Love that two of my favorite channels work together!

[@TreeHugg]

Even if it’s five years in the past!

[@PeterNRocky1]

Hey Cody, could you do a video about metallic hydrogen.

[@hellterminator]

How exactly do you imagine that video going? He'd have nothing to show. Metallic hydrogen isn't found naturally on Earth and, discounting some rather dubious claims, it has never been synthesized.

[@julianpetit4180]

hellterminator It has. According to Scott Manley

[@hellterminator]

Julian Petit Google says Scott Manley is a software developer and returned a mix of KSP/popular science vids… not exactly a reputable source. Anyway, turns out he was referring to the exact dubious claim I was talking about in the previous comment. Basically, in October last year a couple dudes at Harvard said they made metallic hydrogen, but their results have so far not been replicated and it is widely speculated that what they were actually seeing/testing was the aluminum with which they coated the diamond anvil cell used in the experiment. They themselves have refused to redo the experiment, allegedly for fear of destroying the sample. So as far as I'm concerned, metallic hydrogen has not been synthesized yet.

[@alexblack8634]

Scott manley has a degree in astromony and physics. He is a man of many talents.

[@VeteranVandal]

Actually hellterminator is right. So far no successful replication has been done AND metallic hydrogen is the type of thing that has been misreported as obtained many times already. So some additional skepticism is necessary, because there is really not enough evidence just yet. I've seen that happen with this topic already in my short lifetime.

[@martingolemanov2500]

I think they stick together because of Van der Waal's force

[@glandrecht]

Martin Golemanov yes that is the deal

[@kasai7272]

That was my thought as well.

[@chebhou]

And that's ...

[@davidledger5941]

​@@chebhou A force that exists in micro scales. Caused by fluctuations of polarization in the surfaces of the materials. They are not directional and will always attract (although that feels really weird). It is independent of temperature. The effect arises the same way as the casimir effect. Quantum dynamics needs to be understood to understand casimir effect.

[@bfgoalie99]

also likely a factor!

[@briancox2721]

I've used Johansson blocks for metrology and tool room practice for the last 15 years or so. I don't know what causes the wringing effect that allows them to stick together, but I doubt it is getting the metal surfaces close enough together to share electrons or interlock atoms. Both would cause "cold welding" where the two blocks would fuse. Unless by infinitesimal chance the blocks broke apart exactly where they fused, this would result in material deposited on one block and pitting on the surface of another. But this doesn't happen. Also, if you have an old set of blocks with a less than factory fresh surface finish, the ability for them to wring together can be restored or enhanced with a light coat of a light oil such as WD-40. This would provide a layer preventing the metal atoms from joining, and is strong evidence to counter any occurrence of electron sharing or atom bonding. Finally, Johansson blocks are useful for much more than making sure your calipers haven't packed it in. Besides being able to calibrate almost any inside or outside measuring device to a known length standard, they can be used to setup parts in machines, inspect parts, simulate, mating parts, and find angles. By using a flat piece of steel with two v-shaped grooves a known distance apart, two metal pins of the same diameter, a stack of blocks, and trigonometry, the steel can be set to any angle desired.

[@matthewdacosta9216]

I have used them too they are really cool

[@TheWinalot]

Dude, I've seen a few of your videos this year. I particularly love this one. I saw a video a while back covering this, he explained what's happening really well. wish I could remember who it was. I think he was a machinist and it might have been when is was finding about about lapping. Keep up the awesome videos dude

[@miklov]

I tried using two pieces of pretty flat glass. It is interesting because they do stick along the axis of their normals but they are free to slide in the other two axises. In the case of the glass it does feel like it would have to do with vacuum. To test this in a chamber I think you need guides to prevent the lifted glass sheet not to slide in case it is not perfectly aligned with gravity. Unfortunately my own vacuum chamber broke before I even completed it so can't test it for the moment ^^ Keep up the good work Cody!

[@mmckinley345]

It would be interesting to see this rug together under the sheets that show the magnetic force to see if the action of pushing the two together creates a magnetic force between the two surfaces due to friction. The heat of friction creating a negative and positive eddie current. Just like the earth spinning the core and the mantel.

[@loganiushere]

M McKinley Someone needs to do that!

[@ownplz5632]

Cody. what is stopping you from creating a vacuum chamber with a side that has holes for plastic gloves. use acrylic. you can put your hands inside during an experiment and manipulate things inside the vacuum. will thick plastic gloves hold up or be stretched until they rip in a vacuum.

[@KainusGulch]

They wouldn't do so well around explosions would they?

[@Erpyrikk]

own plz he could maybe ask Pacific spaceflight. he's building his own diy spacesuit

[@thekidofalltrades8648]

yeah i was thinking that would be a good idea.

[@aerobyrdable]

Adam Savage had a video about this. Had a setup justlike that.

[@FlyingJetpack1]

This kind of equipment would only find its way into an advanced lab, you will need a seriously impressive working gloves, and you'd need to perfectly seal it to a strong acrylic chamber. Making this specially designed acrylic chamber is not cheap to begin with, but the gloves and the perfect sealing is a little too much of a stretch.

[@MuzikBike]

Can you pressurise the vacuum chamber?

[@theCodyReeder]

not this one but I have another that I am putting together that can do just that

[@EricHallahan]

Cody'sLab What would you do with that? I guess simulate other atmospheric pressures.

[@Skwisgar2322]

Yay, did you use my idea of electrical pass-throughs for sensors? or alternatively you could use IR communication through the window.

[@denism8494]

Most glass blocks IR and i'm not sure about the plastic that the window is made of but probably that too.

[@Ziellos]

Optical relay style set up with a couple isolated LEDs or laser modules would work fine.

[@buzzlaw]

Cody's persistence is legendary

[@simonfitch1120]

Maybe those blocks' faces are not quite 90 degrees to each other, in which case the glass surface will prevent the two contact surfaces being exactly parallel. I suggest somehow lowering the top block onto the bottom one without touching anything else, thus allowing it to settle flat against the other block under gravity alone.

[@clarencegreen3071]

I'm late to this party, but this was the comment I was looking for. The ends of the blocks would have to be almost perfectly perpendicular to the face that slides on the glass.

[@BobLesser]

These nearly perfect surfaces are interlacing or entangled the the electron clouds of their companion block's surface.

[@NoskcajLlahsram]

To expand on your explanation. The sliding is necessary because it agitates the electron clouds and forces their interaction. If this is true you may be able to achieve a similar effect by placing the two blocks together, then exposing them to a moving magnetic field.

[@BobLesser]

@@NoskcajLlahsram Nice!!!

[@melody3741]

HEY cody please try this!!!!!!!!

[@BobLesser]

@@melody3741 I'm thinking an argon purge on a fresh surface and induction field... Done... I wish I had the sandbox to play this out in...

[@rubscratch98]

Maybe those dislocated elektrons start moving through both pieces. And therfore making it behave like on solid piece. You could check this by heating one side while them standing on top of each other and while being held together. If the second part heats up faster while being linked one could say, that the energy rich electrons traveld through the gap

[@dankerine]

His name is not Ave, it is the three letters by themselves A-V-E(Aye-Vee-Ee)

[@isavedtheuniverse]

rite and its bleach not bletch. Now it's just what Cody is gonna say.

[@xungnham1388]

In case no one's ever noticed, his channel's address is actually arduinoversusevil, so I would always say A-v-E or A vs E. I would never have read it as Ave. But I've never heard AvE pronounce his handle and if Cody has had verbal correspondence with him, now I'm not sure which is right...

[@softerseltzer]

Perhaps it's the surface tension of oils or other material that gets stuck between the blocks. I know Cody cleaned them with acetone, but it could be that it's very difficult to get everything out. So if one imagines a microscopic round droplet on one of the edges, the droplet gets squeezed by the wringing motion and its surface becomes a very thin "ring" around the edges of the contacting surfaces. Hence pulling them apart would mean momentarily creating an oil surface the size of the block edge and therefore there's a resisting force. Just dropping them on top of each other does not produce enough force in which case the tiny droplet remains in a droplet form between the blocks and supports their weight. I guess this could be tested by carefully putting the blocks on top of each other so they don't stick, and then gradually putting more and more weight on the top one. Or by sticking the blocks together and heating/cooling them, as surface tension of many materials changes with temperature.

[@DmitryKiktenko]

It can be monomolecular (1 molecule thick) layer of oil/air between parts, and to put more air you need to make an angle between parts, but then you will have negative pressure in area, where the slit is already more than 1 molecule, but still smaller than 2 molecule. I think some kind of weird things may appear in a uniform single-molecule slit between ideal surfaces. Why it did not cold-weld if there were no any atoms/molecules between parts? I vote for an exotic effects of uniform monomolecular slit. )

[@lluismr97]

Maybe you are removing an oxide layer with the rubbing motion and then the metal just cold welds

[@charlesmorris100]

I think static excites the atoms and it weld's at a molecular level

[@smh9902]

Unlikely. They would loser tolerance and precision if that were the case and be far more difficult to separate. ALSO, there are ceramic gauge blocks that work just the same and ceramic doesn't cold weld!

[@m_riatik]

12:34 Cody explains where babies come from

[@TheGayestPersononYouTube]

MatrixWolf I'm more into the first one

[@rblunt0721]

what happen to your hand, u didn't put it in the vacuum chamber did u lol

[@theCodyReeder]

I have before... but those are gold chloride stains.

[@ronakbhanushali1238]

+Cody'sLab More precious metal extractions coming up?

[@Romecomic]

Would some of the methods that are used to remove silver nitrite stains be effective on the gold?

[@zombienationz2939]

channel nerdrage on here is an excellent source of chemistry knowledge

[@foxfurr]

The use of the laser was brilliant!

[@NexxuSix]

Very interesting! I followed AvE’s channel and found this video. Cody, try this: One hypothesis says that this might be and electron charge holding the blocks together. Get a ZeroStat gun, and imply a charge on one of the blocks to see if the charge has any effect on the blocks. Wring the blocks, then try to charge one end of the blocks to see what happens.

[@TheLuftpolsterfolie]

The surface is so smooth, that the material does not know where it ends, if you don't show em by removing them from each other

[@micahrobles5210]

I think this is is more probable than not, that is unless a ceramic block will ring with a metal block. I guess I need to google that first. LOL

[@MrKoolbrez69]

are those the chineseium guage blocks?

[@slendy9600]

Louis Meyer theyre the ones AvE sent so yea i think so

[@sighahnyde2215]

could be static electricity. rubbing the blocks against each other could be creating a voltage across the two and though the blocks themselves are not magnetic, electricity makes its own magnetic field and could be holding the blocks together.

[@Idothewrenches]

SIGHahNYDE there's no capacitance, any charge that could be built up would equalize between the two. also that wouldn't explain how ceramic blocks work.

[@sighahnyde2215]

I think you're right about the capacitance, but there are ceramics out there that can create a static charge when rubbed against each other, not all ceramics but some do. I'm just a layman and this has made me very curious. I might get some just to try it out myself.

[@sighahnyde2215]

*looks at gauge block prices geeze, nvm.

[@greenaum]

Nah, not in a conductor, you can't get a static charge rubbing metals together. If there was a charge, it'd spread equally all over both blocks, so there'd be no resulting force between them. Good thinking though.

[@thegavelissoundgavel9849]

You’re like watching the smart stoners in the physics labs I volunteer in. Pure gold. Great ingenuity, but zero prior research before you jump into experimentation. Love it. Stay away from chemicals.

[@Dockhead]

Stay away from chemicals. uh oh wrong channel buddy lol, nah he has a basic understand thats why he tests to further see if hes thinking on the right process. but with a side hand of every day guy so just uses his house and every day items like duct tape.

[@thegavelissoundgavel9849]

boyo He, unlike you, probably got the joke. Now get someone to wipe the snot off that window. If not, it’ll leave steaks.

[@Dockhead]

@@thegavelissoundgavel9849 i got the joke you inferior and rather more dumb as muck tool, and before you try to sound all smart at least learn to finish your words correctly, now usher off and stop wasting all of our time.

[@thegavelissoundgavel9849]

boyo If you got the joke you wouldn’t feel the need to try and ride like a white knight to his defense. Also, try and use proper punctuation, spelling, capitalization, etc. while being a “grammar NAZI” and calling out an autocorrect error. If not, you just kinda look like an idiot.

[@Dockhead]

@@thegavelissoundgavel9849 you done sobbing on an already pointless comment? boohoo get some friends no one is bothered, apart from you having to come here making a scene.

[@smellycat249]

hey Cody, i was just at work and saw 2 round coin shaped pieces of glass that were drilled from fishtanks. i am able to wring them together. i cleaned them to be sure it was not grease or something and they still wring together. pretty cool

[@williamambrose3947]

he's using the force

[@Holey_Moley]

Watching this for the 2nd time. I remember watching the thought emporium with vacuum metal coating.. they heated titanium wire to help produce a much higher vacuum. Basically the titanium reacts quickly with any remaining gases, thereby creating higher vacuum. Could that work?

[@T3XANGINGER]

isn't this making a metallic bond which would create delocalized electrons and which creating a sea of electrons thin wouldn the two bullocks kind of being fused together without actually being fused just on the molecular level where the nucleus attracted to each other and the Sea of electrons are holding them together

[@monkey4gghplaysgames]

Cody your mini-ecosystem is looking pretty cool!

[@samueljames9342]

Cool how some of the top youtubers recognized and support one another.

[@42Mrchadman42]

don't they stick because of the way the metallic bonds work? When there's no tarnish or air in between two pieces of metal of identical elemental composition, when they touch they will weld together.

[@OniNekomon]

In vacuum they should stick but they didn't as he showed in this video. So these metals that he had just bond together due to friction on each other. Don't really know.

[@mkesenheimer]

I think this is true. The metal suface still needs some force though because it is not perfectly flat. So by pushing the parts together more surface comes into contact and the more effective gets the metal bond. Not sure either.

[@42Mrchadman42]

It has to a near perfect vacuum to weld. The friction should have the same reason. Both pieces of metal will chemically bond at the molecular level.

[@ivanstroganov5458]

42Mrchadman42 if they cold welded together you wouldnt be able to move them or take them apart so easily

[@psyoptic]

This is sort of what I thought, but then I learned that they make ceramic gauge blocks that can also be wrung together...

[@Tetzuoe]

We need to make you some of those nuclear reactor style control pincers that go through the vacuum glass.

[@IronDruids]

what happened to your fingers?

[@zachburke8906]

I didn't even notice, because I'm so manly that it's normal to have hands like that

[@Mackcoy07]

Gold chloride stains.

[@wethreebros5895]

Iron Druid that look like gold chloride, probably a refining video soon!

[@MyLonewolf25]

spazmccoy it is the gold stains He said so In another comment

[@Mackcoy07]

MyLonewolf25 👍

[@JordanBeagle]

I'm fascinated by this, great video Cody, thanks for sharing

[@philoso377]

Have we skipped one important test? . ... after degrease and successfully fitted them together - we missed another vacuum test in that condition. Concave suction cups, aren’t optically flat, requires air pressure to operate, will fail in vacuum. There is a layer of air molecule electrically attached and stay with any surfaces within the vacuum chamber (if any test blocks) that are not easily excavated out by the pump (until boiled off the surface at high heat). Under ideal conditions gauge blocks should assembled together in vacuum successfully. A good way to attach (or part) two gage blocks is to start press two adjacent corners then slide along coplanar surface until both are full engaged, in air or in vacuum.

[@chuckbuckets1]

was anyone else cringing that he was fiddling with gauge blocks on a filthy concrete floor? also did not clean off protective goo.

[@dustinlake1101]

chuckbuckets1 he said he cleaned off the oil's

[@polyjohn3425]

Did you bother watching the whole video? He very clearly cleaned off the oils as one of the steps in testing them.

[@Bottleworksnet]

Not correctly. This is a complete botch job. Good effort, but the base knowledge is lacking. As a result, many errors were made. This is like doing a ring job with an angle grinder....Oh wait...

[@dustinlake1101]

Bottleworksnet how did he botch it?

[@polyjohn3425]

Bottleworksnet The fuck are you on about? How exactly would you recommend stripping oils from a part, then? Cause where I'm from a cycling solvent bath does a pretty good job.

[@sween187]

Mini friction welding, small 'hairs' of metal interlocking, plus static? (Think your hair and a charged balloon)

[@konradrothenburger7078]

that actually might be the case... kinda seems like that one trick with the fine liners that welds them together

[@jazay591]

I don't think static charges could be a factor since you need two different materials with a different average chance to lose an electron, creating net charges that are attracted, and the blocks are made of then same material.

[@DynamikDesign]

I am a lover of science and cannot believe I am just discovering the wonder of "gage wringing." Intuition makes me wonder if the friction electrically charges the atoms of the gage blocks and creates a temporary bond. Hence, no matter where you apply the pressure, they will adhere no matter how offset the blocks are. This is fascinating!

[@michaelschwartz9485]

You can't wring gage blocks by dropping them on each other. You need to "wring" them. Awesome channel!!

[@dewainanderson8088]

is there an effective way to produce carbon monoxide without releasing too much carbon dioxide

[@theCodyReeder]

yes run carbon dioxide through some hot coals.

[@ericsaullb]

Hey Cody I think I know how you could test if its the van der waal force, technically (from what I can recall) it happens when molecules are slightly charged, for example dipoles formed in water, attracts other molecules with the opposite charge, so, in theory a strong enough current flow could disrupt the van der waal force by changing the polarity of the molecules by "flipping" the electrons in all molecules to a single alignment, if its cold welding (which I really don't think it is) it wouldn't disrupt anything, even more, I theorize that as you have electrons passing from one metal to the other, it should make the cold welding more likely as the molecules get aligned and attract each other more strongly, rising the chance of forming molecule bonds

[@jacobriddle7230]

Why would that work

[@ShubhamBhushanCC]

You wanna gas someone?

[@dewainanderson8088]

trying to make carbon monoxide to reduce lead dioxide into lead metal

[@dtiydr]

Vote this up people! You should take a harddrive and remove the disk and some of the read/write heads. These absolutely stick to the surface of the disc if pressed down a little, and they stay. This would be easily tested with the same principle that you use in this video since even if the weight would bounce the head would stick on the first hit and not bounce from the disk surface, or you could put some little softer material but stout material over the head, say hard rubber, to make a little longer press on it sort of speak. Althought get a 3.5" harrdrive and a little older since these have aluminium discs where the 2.5" have discs made of glass.

[@paulameloot9380]

Try to make them stick face to face rather than edge to edge

[@OutdorsDanny]

Made in France they're made for calibrating your micrometer. They're only made to be used one way, so the faces of them would not be as perfect as the parts he's putting together.

[@HaqqAttak]

Those are not lapped to a ten millionths inch accuracy.

[@bjet2]

Old Rolls-Royce cylinder heads used to be perfectly machined to the could be held onto the engine block like this. They didn't use bolts or studs like we do now. It's crazy how strong the attachment actually is between two precision machined surfaces.

[@JordanBeagle]

11:20 That's dedication to the channel and the scientific method

[@kentin4934]

I'm having a bad day Found my bird dead😭

[@hachikiina]

Kentin Nichols so? i dont get it

[@ZakKohler]

Kentin Nichols did you heat a frying pan to hot?

[@kentin4934]

Zak Kohler 😑

[@kentin4934]

chbrules 🙄

[@ZakKohler]

Kentin Nichols www.birdtricks.com/blog/non-stick-cookware-kills-another-parrot/

[@233kosta]

Take it from the aerodynamicist, it ain't air, brother. She ain't flexible enough to seal

[@madmanmark111]

Could we test the breaking force to see if it might be the Casimir Effect? The math seems a little oversimplified here, given its rooted in quantum theory, but it looks reputable. math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/casimir.html

[@warfreddy6968]

I have no idea what you're talking about and I'm too lazy to study quantum physics right now to find out, but measuring breaking force across these tests would be awesome. If the difference is consistent between oiled vs acetone washed or vacuumed vs unvaced, we'd at least have some pretty great confirmation of multiple forces at work. Hell, maybe even a jig to make the wringing motion and pressure consistent. That sounds really hard but i was also pretty baffled by how he could move things inside the vacuum until he whipped out the damn laser.

[@THX..1138]

Yeah I wonder if the Van der Waals force may actually be the Casimir Effect and it's really the quantum vacuum holding the parts together. With stiction flat surfaces are brought into very close contract. I mean we think of the plates as flat but, there not. On an atomic scale they're quite lumpy, almost like the Gauge Blocks were made of a sand that is the atoms. This lumpiness translates to a tremendous surface area. Could it be the atoms in surfaces of both plates are so close and have enough surface area between them that the quantum vacuum is pushing them together with enough force for the blocks to stick. At a distance of 100 times the typical size of an atom the Casimir Effect exerts the equivalent of about 1 atmosphere of pressure. If enough of the atoms in the two blocks are in close enough proximity to one another I think Casimir Effect could well be what's holding them together.

[@shmtnmusic]

I worked part time for a couple years certifying gauge blocks for companies and the process of wringing them together always fascinated me. IMHO and with little scientific background on it, I think the blocks are so close together, they start to share a few electrons and thus the pull towards each other.

[@relativisticvel]

The vac won’t get rid of surface air unless you heat the surfaces quite a bit, because the air will adhere to surfaces.

[@brianlink391]

Don't the block stick together on the same principal a Gecko can walk on walls?

[@glandrecht]

Brian Link yes that is correct Van der Waals effect

[@evolicious]

You need a scanning electron microscope :(

[@whuzzzup]

He could now send the blocks he got from AvE to Applied Science :) That would be awesome.

[@mikes2381]

EVOLICIOUS TOT's next build. SEM for the everyman's shop.

[@CARLOS_DANGER]

The way you hadle these makes me angry

[@2sdd]

why

[@1903A3shooter]

Yea me too, kind of like kicking your girl friend and then wanting to make out. OUCH. Really, most precision work ever and he bangs them together. I think looking up Molecule attraction is in order here.

[@jensdavidsen4557]

My gut thought is that it could be an imperfect cold weld. If you look it up in an article, NASA had an issue with cold welding involving a door on a spacecraft when an astronaut was coming inside the craft after a spacewalk (IIRC). The door hinges were entirely metal and they welded shut as the crew was trying to close the hatch. The reasoning hypothesized was that in the absence of oxygen, when the metal surfaces were abraded against one another, the existing oxide layer on the metals which came from earth (which would prevent a weld), was removed so the resulting weld occurred between real metal-on-metal contact rather than metal-oxide-on-metal-oxide contact. This may explain why they only stick when you "wring" them together, you're abrading some of the oxide layer off, however, since we're in an oxygen-rich environment, the weld is imperfect and can be overcome. That's my two cents...no one ever accused me of being a genius. Keep up the great work and give my fond regards to Utah (Go Utes)!

[@cylosgarage]

Cody you need to get one of those vacuum chambers with the gloves so you can wring them in a vacuum

[@chrishill601]

This was such good science. 'We already proved it wasn't a vacuum force, now here's 5 variants on an other test to really prove it!'