Will Mars or Venus Kill You First?

Which is the deadlier planet: Mars or Venus? And be sure to order your PBS Space Time t-shirt. store.dftba.com/collections/sp...
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Humans have been talking about space colonization for quite some time, but our neighboring planets are not exactly the most hospitable places. If we are ever going to be successful, we should probably figure out where we could reasonably expect to survive. In this episode of Space Time, Matt discusses which would kill you first… Venus or Mars?
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COMMENTS:
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Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

[@Longshotsz]

Worst thing is... The wifi on mars is probably better than in australia

[@busteraycan]

+Longshots Ping is 18.000.000ms though It's 1.800.000 actually my math is bad.

[@brine_909]

+Longshots probably

[@busteraycan]

Deaken B I've actually calculated it.

[@brine_909]

i was speaking to long shot.

[@aaronlin1508]

+Burak Baggins 1.800.000ms actually

[@MrTrigun1]

"That's -67 degrees Fahrenheit, but let's assume you brought a jacket." This one line is killing me you guys and I don't know why

[@MrTrigun1]

+MrTrigun1 Nevermind the "Depending on how much you freak out" line is killing me too. I swear I'm not high

[@Shakads]

7:26 "Your skin will start to blister. And dissolve. At the same time." Just the way he says that ^^'

[@Reth_Hard]

It's annoying me when my spacesuit fail and exposes me to the vacuum...

[@MehYam2112]

You're dying before you ever got to Mars or Venus. You have to survive the SpaceTime videos first.

[@antimatter_nvf]

There are places in Siberia where it reaches below -85°F (-65°C). Heck, the lowest recorded temperature in my hometown was around -70°F (-57°C). So, comrade, we will survive!

[@Keymaster2022]

I'm beginning to appreciate Earth more and more every day :)

Maybe I'm being old but I'd rather stay at my homy cosy planet Earth. In any case we EVOLVED to inhabit planet Earth and not the other way around!

[@michaelstroman8225]

I understand trust me

[@MichaelJohnson-zh9df]

Yes that's why God made it for us to dwell on not other planets

[@filthydaemonspawn1206]

Before the video starts. Venus.

[@stlchucko]

Filthy Daemon Spawn Same. The heat and massive atmospheric temps alone would kill in moments. Now time to watch and confirm.

[@drafer100]

@@stlchucko You should watch. Mars is actually worse

[@stlchucko]

drafer100 I did watch. Venus is worse. A craft that could land on Mars would be melted and crushed before it touched down on Venus.

[@AverageAlien]

@@stlchucko who said we have to touch down on venus though

[@luigiplayer14]

Like, how was this a difficult question

[@eunomiac]

What about living _beneath_ the Martian surface? Wouldn't the layers of rock above provide enough protection from solar radiation, not to mention being a lot safer from catastrophic failure than a Venusian cloud-city suspended above a caustic ocean of hot & heavy death?

[@ReaperEOD]

+Ryan West I was wondering about that myself, on both those points.

[@majesticmule-boy8118]

+Ryan West Also, since the core is solid shouldnt that mean that Mars doesnt have earthquakes? If so then thats pretty neat.

[@LampDoesVideogame]

+Majestic Mule-Boy Not really. It might lessen the amount, but there's more things that cause Marsquakes. Think of it this way. Planets aren't exactly one piece. And they spin.

[@ultimsing]

+Ryan West I think we still want to see the sky above us (not that many culture like living underground). I was wondering if that possible to force mars to have an atmosphere like the venus one

[@Kyizen]

+Ryan West Actually think there can be liquid water under the surface as well.

[@ardorpraxis9661]

"Both are capable of killling you in so many interesting ways!" - spoken like a true scientist :D

[@shakesmctremens178]

"How you feeling today?" "Ebullient." "Sorry to hear that." "Yeah."

[@pom7602]

Guys, I've just began to watch your videos by chance, and the only reasonable thing to do is to watch them one by one from the first. You are doing an astonishing amazing job and I haven't been able not to put a comment so I can tell you that. No one explained how time and matter are/works better than you did. Impressive ! I'm sorry it took a bit long to tell you this but really, keep up I'm freaking enjoying it !

[@TheCanisLatrans]

I still support Venus #occupyvenus

[@unvergebeneid]

+Canis latrans Sure but ... can someone explain to me how you cool a habitat floating in a layer of air (and by "air" I mean CO₂) at 70 degrees? I mean sure, there are narrow-band thermal emitters and you could always run huge heat pumps that are powered by ... a cheap reliable energy source that can also float. But this really seems like the number one showstopper to me.

[@ethanwmonster9075]

+Canis latrans a colony on venus is extermly interesting however it is not as sustainable as on mars because of the lack of soild ground the colony would need all of its resources from earth execpt for water oxygen and other chemicals and you can only build small colonies.

[@viermidebutura]

+Penny Lane heat isolated walls and big ass AC units

[@annubis2292]

+Penny Lane Fusion reactor powers big AC that pumps geat out at temperatures above 70C. Not so hard once you figgure out the reactor.

[@unvergebeneid]

Annubis2 So you're saying lighter-than-air fusion reactors are not so hard once you figure out how to build lighter-than-air fusion reactors? ;) Well, I can't disagree. And yeah, I know the reactor itself doesn't have to be lighter than air but you know what I mean.

[@swedneck]

Is it just me or does mars seem to be getting smaller and smaller? At first i was told mars is just a tad smaller than earth, then its' like half as big, and now it's a tenth? A tenth is nowhere near "a bit smaller than earth"!

[@NicklasUlvnas]

+Tim Stahel (Moustached Viking) It depends on what you are comparing, the radius is about half (3390km vs 6371km) but the mass is a tenth of Earth. But I do agree with you, back in school I remember we got to learn it was just a bit smaller, almost the same size and that is far from true.

[@MonsterUpTheStairs]

+Tim Stahel (Moustached Viking) Watch out! If it gets any smaller, it might be called a dwarf planet! Just don't look up it's size anymore, that way, the measurement doesn't affect the object.

[@swedneck]

***** If our teachers got that mixed up i seriously want them to repay me for those lost years learning complete bs.

[@RoboBoddicker]

+Tim Stahel (Moustached Viking) The area of a circle is π(r^2), but the volume of a sphere is 4/3π(r^3). So Mars *looks* half the size of Earth, but that works out to around 1/10 the mass (given they have a similar density).

[@swedneck]

Copydot That's not my point, i'm saying that i was told mars is just a little bit smaller (in size) than earth when i was younger, but now mars is suddenly not even two thirds the size of earth.. I grew up thinking mars was maybe 90% of earth's diameter.

[@Doppe1ganger]

Mars. The caramel will clog your veins

[@therighteousmoose5036]

But its worth it.

[@skycloud4802]

Venus. Too toxic to name a chocolate bar after it.

[@eddie10191]

I've always liked MILKY WAY.

[@therighteousmoose5036]

Y'all ever tried one of 'dem *_galaxy_* bars?

[@WestOfEarth]

Another factor: The low gravity of Mars will most likely have many negative effects on human physiology and reproduction. This is mostly avoided on Venus.

[@realmetatron]

Astrophysicist here. About the last question: Most young physicists today grow up in pop culture and are nerds that play video games and watch anime. When I was a student, I was on a research ship in the North sea once. At the end of the day, in the ship's lab, one of our PhDs was playing Aquanox 2 on his laptop, and two students were playing minecraft. Look at Neil deGrasse Tyson: he is a pop culture nerd as well, which is part of his appeal to said culture. It's funny how often people on the outside seem to think we scientists are not ordinary people, too :D

[@davidk1308]

+Ilavenya Actually, scientists are cooler than ordinary people:D

[@realmetatron]

David K Yes, we are cooler because we can science the crap out of pop culture, that's true ;)

[@garethdean6382]

+Ilavenya They're just mad you haven't given them hoverboards yet. (I don't think they'll get over that anytime soon.)

[@sergiogarza2519]

+Ilavenya I play video games with friends, cosplay when comicon comes to town, have arguments over Star Wars, volunteer at schools, go drinking with friends, and tons of other stuff regular people/nerds do. Of course I'm an undergrad but I still do hands-on research. I've seen grad students huge PC gamers, my mentor is a rocker comic book geek who's also an excellent dancer and was in a family rock band, and I once walked into my friend's chemistry office and there were like 4 post-doc chemists all playing on their laptops together in their tiny cubicles. Scientists are almost always cool, or at least interesting, people. If you find one, ask them any questions, even not related to science. Questions are like their catnip.

[@garethdean6382]

Darkrose42 But they ahve moved on from 'all scientists are old white guys in lab coats'. Not much, but some.

[@toosas]

this is better than cable

[@fjoa123]

+toosas watching a turd on the microwave is better tha cable.

[@toosas]

+fjoa123 I only replied to what the presenter said. did you watch the video to the end?

[@fjoa123]

yes i did, and i found it quite interesting. I do think that watching the washingmachine or turds in the microwave is far better than cable. im not being sarcastic.toosas

[@dexterquotidian]

+toosas and you realize that in 2016?

[@myworstenemy680]

+Ｍ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｕ Ｅ ｋ ｓ ｕ Agreed. Especially considering we don't have to sit through 20 minutes of commercials, trying to sell us more of what we don't need, just to watch an hour long program.

[@atticusrumi]

I dont know. Will love or war kill me first?

[@lindax911]

Yes.

[@oilersridersbluejays]

Love.

[@aN0nyMas]

cancer probably

[@mansonslsdplug1776]

Both are the same tbh

[@lavamatstudios]

​@@medexamtoolsdotcom The prognosis for HIV is fine nowadays, you're just dependent on pills for the rest of your life. So I gotta disagree.

[@michaelhaggart2558]

When I was 17 I dropped out of highschool with nothing but a basic English qualification, a few years later I talked my way into college, and I asked to do physics but because all I had was English, I didn't meet the standards to get in. A few years later I'm carrying on with my Social Science degree, grade A's all round, but it's never quite enough, I never stop thinking about physics, and I've never let go of my passion for it slide. Thanks to these videos I've just ordered a batch of textbooks off of Amazon, and once my degree is over, I'm going to take a part time introduction course to physics. So thank you, all of you who work on the channel, for inspiring me to be brave enough to follow what I truly love

[@EliteTeamKiller2.0]

Just get a second undergrad degree, if you can afford the money and time. It would be well worth it to go beyond the introductory courses.

[@stiimuli]

I'm sorry to nitpick but its not "ridiculously lucky that we found ourselves here". We are products of this planet so we would expect this environment to suit us reasonably well. What would be surprising is if we found ourselves on a home planet that would kill us almost instantly. Perhaps you were being ironic or something. If that's the case I apologize for misunderstanding.

[@pbsspacetime]

+stiimuli Yup, forgot to add the big wink and \irony after that ;-)

[@Oneofakind123]

+PBS Space Time LOL, no need for big winks, the underlying irony where both implicitly and explicitly clear... In fact, I'm borrowing that quote and share your video on Facebook....

[@umbraemilitos]

+PBS Space Time I enjoyed this video, but I was hoping you would continue with your previous series of videos.

[@homeXstone]

+PBS Space Time you didn't forget anything and it would have ruined the joke. thanks for the great episode :)

[@69tthompson]

We evolved to fit our environment, not the other way around.

[@TheRealBileth]

Wouldn't Mars' low gravity mess up bones and muscles?

[@ProtMan96]

+TheRealBileth yes.

[@fuzekle]

+TheRealBileth you can always exercise like they do on space stations...

[@sinephase]

+fuzekle yeah, cuz that prevent bone loss :P

[@fuzekle]

sinephase well atleast it helps with muscles ;p

[@busteraycan]

+TheRealBileth Not much since there is a constant force pulling you down. But i think weighted suits would be needed. (Weighting as much as you do) I don't think there would be bone loss like in micro-gravity. No no proof or source though. I'm just making shit up.

[@AussieVikingSwede]

Thank you for another really great video, they are always so fantastic and interesting! I especially loved the animation in this one too. I always feel really happy when I see a new video from PBS Space Time in my list.

[@ernesto-dev]

I love that you address questions of the previous episode in most of your episodes, but it would be nice if you included a link to that previous episode as well. Not all of use see the episodes in order, especially since anyone can suddenly discover this channel and start watching it in random order, at least the past episodes up to that point. Great channel BTW, I'm loving it!

[@coolmdj111]

2:33 The fashion in which Matt said the "...other ways to die on Mars" line; killed me! LMFAO XD Caught me so off guard.

[@lindax911]

"take an oxygen tank ... "!!! :-D

[@sinfuleldian9826]

Tell that to Mark Watney !

[@fashlass5623]

+Ouss DZ The Martian!!!!!!

[@yarismarr2234]

+Ouss DZ Well, It's a movie.

[@sinfuleldian9826]

+Wethewax I wanted to point out how the movie was scientifically uncorrect. :)

[@Quantiad]

+Ouss DZ Go on then. Point away. I'm ready to hear your verified facts, keep your opinions to yourself.

[@sinfuleldian9826]

iSquared Keep your comment to yourself. I am not forcing my opinion to you to accept it, you can simply ignore it away rather then going me on ...

[@MrPhenixStudio]

Really nice graphics, he also talks slowly it's understandable !

[@deasnutz4ever]

This channel is so good. Thank you!

[@PearlJii]

this host was my professor.

[@CJsbro1]

+Pearl Jii cool. He's the man

[@0xrein]

+Pearl Jii where?

[@mblake0420]

In other words you have been indoctrinated into the climate religion and how taxes are great.

[@kingdmind]

Graig Simmonette Woah, man. Take a break. It’s not that big of a deal.

[@oilersridersbluejays]

Don't lie. Why would lie about that? You're such a liar. Quit lying.

[@BlueBunny53]

If Venus and Mars are so hard to habitat and terraform, can we find ways to "terraform" earth back to a healthier earth?

[@Kawitamamayi]

+Addison Faber You need to define "Healthier Earth" first. Healthier for what? For plants? If so then more CO2 and a warmer atmosphere please. For archaebacteria? Then a hot reducing atmosphere is healthiest. For humans? then 2-3 deg F warmer with more CO2 in order to grow more plant based food is healthier.

[@garethdean6382]

+Addison Faber That's easy, we have a pretty good idea of how to do it. (Assuming you mean 'healthier' as referring to all species including humans.) But such things don't make as much money as doing what we're doing now so we just sit back and pretend Earth is already healthy and all the scientists are lying to us.

[@BlueBunny53]

+Gareth Dean if we have the tech let the "fat cats" make their money.. When ppl start running out of air.. Or food.. What whatever we run out of first we will do what we have to, to survive :)

[@3dvox712]

+Addison Faber we can, but it would take like 1 000 000 years at least and cost a lot of $. People usually think in terms like 10-20yrs return on their investment.

[@garethdean6382]

Addison Faber And what we'll do is screw over the poor and weak to maintain our standard of living. Hell we're doing it now.

[@ScowlieMeerkat]

I know this is an older video, but as for my two cents: I can guarantee that neither Mars nor Venus is going to have any hand in my death.

[@manicangel7796]

lol...

[@TTuoTT]

Your videos are very enjoyable, especially when compared to other formats like SciShow for ex. which dont face serious controversy and have really annoying speaking and scene-cutting tempo. Its a pleasure to listen and you're not just making yourself look superior in comparison to populist misconceptions but talk about interesting controversies in science. So far my judgement at in the middle of the night. Good day

[@jeremyj.5687]

I have a mighty need for your T-Shirt, m8. Even more than the PBS Space Time shirt.

[@itsjustnopinionok]

we dont have to live on any other planet. just sweep up around here and we'd be fine.

[@onlythefacts999]

No, we wouldn't be. For the time being, yes. But it's only a matter of time (probably less than 100,00 years, definitely less than a million), when we're not going to be ok on Earth. Shit, global warming isn't going to make us go extinct, but it could wreck our society, and make it so a real disaster takes us out. So could a super volcano going off, or dozens of other things we have no control over. To survive as a species, we need to leave our planet, and eventually our solar system. Unfortunately, we will likely die out when the heat death of the universe comes, but there's no reason to not try to make our species last as long as it can.

[@Ole_Rasmussen]

It's so funny when people think global climate change won't kill them.

[@Ayush.S3]

I freaking love this channel! Keep up the good work! :D

[@AldeyWP]

This video is so light-hearted, kawaii and fun on topics discussing how you would die (on mars and venus)

[@OfficialMeep]

we need to build city underground in mars.

[@TheHenirik]

A city on the moon won't end well, just look at moonbase alpha

[@Ameya274]

Marsquakes..

[@Clean97gti]

Better bet would be large plastic bins that you could fill with Martian topsoil and rocks. You do get some benefits from this as well. Thick masses of soil, in addition to blocking radiation, also regulate temperature and provide stability and a structure on which to build things. You would have a hard time getting excavation equipment to Mars because of the weight. Big plastic containers could be made in shapes that can be used to build, like Legos or Lincoln Logs. Put balloons inside the structure and you have a ready-made pressure vessel to live in. Venus is still a better option, but Mars at least has some mineral benefits.

[@TheInsaiyan]

I simply hate the fact that the moon and mars have such a weak gravitation. If Venus atmoshpare would be more normal it would be the go to planet lol

[@kingdmind]

Kaiserlicher König Agreed. If only...

[@RolandMoone]

Did you know that mars and venus are both exactly the same distance away from each other?

[@garethdean6382]

+RolandMoone Remarkable isn't it?

[@Reydriel]

Lol

[@RolandMoone]

+Gareth Dean truly a work of the almighty creator there is no way the universe, which is random, can produce such a coincidence

[@garethdean6382]

RolandMoone Tell that to the idiots on this channel. Sun comes up, sun goes down, you can't explain that.

[@AlecBrady]

+RolandMoone And they're in perfect straight line! Spooky, huh?

[@Claire-ing]

thank you for the vids!

[@iprobablyforgotsomething]

"...so you can live long enough to enjoy other ways to die on Mars." XD First time you've made me lol.

[@mergele1000]

*Comes back a day after watching this* Anyone else noticed that he didn't answer the question which planet would kill us first?

[@JohnStephenWeck]

+mergele1000 The idea is to gain knowledge asking questions and having discussions. Its not to get "answers".

[@natnew32]

On surface? Venus would kill instantly.

[@myworstenemy680]

+mergele1000 Good call. It doesn't matter to me. Dead is dead regardless of minutes or seconds.

[@raulvidal8846]

Or maybe you need to be expressly told instead of reasoning the implicit answer... So Mars about 2 minutes. Venus: on surface (assuming you reach it alive) instantly, on a stroll around cloud city without tank the same as Mars, with an air tank on, about 20 min or more if you have sauna training haha, then again the sulphuric acid would be abrasive. But yeah in any case you wouldn't survive very long if you're not wearing protection.

[@MrPuzzles]

+mergele1000 Mars can violently and slowly kill you no matter where you are. On Venus, it depends - on the surface, you'd die instantly. You'd be pressure cooked into a charcoal foam in seconds. In the clouds, you'd choke (takes about 4-5 minutes to asphyxiate from CO2), and you'd suffer some severe acid burns (that won't kill you....unless you stand out for like an hour). So in all, Mars is the nasty one.

[@IndyTheGreat]

Also, Matt's a Rick and Morty fan? I mean, it's not much of a surprise, but it does make me very happy.

[@Gaelmalkavian]

almost 500.000 subs!!!!. I´m a big fan! congrats Matt and all team!

[@harry_page]

I like how you talk about various horrific deaths with the nonchalance of a weatherman

[@urospeteh2637]

Better to colonize mountains, they even suit introverts.

[@urospeteh2637]

hi, thanks. I am poor and sick. Would you be my friend?

[@ugandanknuckles2334]

Uroš Peteh lol

[@ataraxic89]

So I was doing a lot of research on venus because I was considering designing some probe stuff for my senior project. You guys are making a bit of a mistake by saying we need to float the "cloud city" at 50km, at this altitude we would have to content with 70-80 degrees celsius temp. Thats simply unsustainable. Making a cooling system that would be able to constantly pump that much heat out of our city would be huge and if it failed even for a few hours everyone would die. Consider this, lets move the city up to 55km. Now our temp is much more reasonable, at 20-30 degrees celsius. Very liveable. "But what about the pressure?", I hear you say. The pressure would be about .5 earth atmosphere. which correlates to about 3 miles high on earth. Humans live under those conditions here on earth. To float here we just need to dilute earth air a bit with some lighter gas. But we dont need pure helium or hydrogen which would have been an issue. Sounds great, doesnt it? It does. However, there are still two major problems for colonization. The first, you mentioned, sulfuric acid. I dont think the acid would be hot at this altitude. However, it would still be sulfuric acid. This is a HUGE problem for the city itself. Im no chemist but I suspect this could really be a problem. That said, perhaps a combination of special chemical coatings along with robots that move around the surface of our city reapplying and checking for imperfections could manage it. Now for the problem you DIDNT mention which is no small matter. Wind. The atmosphere up here can be moving something like 100 m/s. Thats insane. And I imagine constant. Our city would stand a real risk of being blown and rattle apart. Not to mention, as you move poleward the wind sharply drops at about 30 degrees away from the poles. So our city could be plunged deep into the heat and pressure of the lower atmosphere. Crush. Burn. We could try to anchor, but what line could withstand the temp and pressure *for years*?

[@Original_Syn]

The Ionizing Radiation problem for a colony on Mars could be solved by building the habitat underground kinda like how underground fallout shelters here on Earth are built so that the Martian soil provides most of the needed protection from the Solar Wind/ Coronal Mass Ejections plus it would also provide protection from any meteors, comets, and other things that are captured my Mars' gravity.

[@timeisnotaline]

Heya! First I'd like to say that this is the greatest show I've ever seen in regard to explaining this extremely heavy physics concepts that have been plaguing my mind for years! So thank you all for everything you do! Now I know this has nothing to do with this week's episode, but I just read about some German physicists who created and sustained, albeit very briefly, a hydrogen plasma, which is apparently a crucial first step in creating a sustainable fusion reaction . . . Something I had always thought was more or less a dream. I'd it possible you could touch on this at some point, because I'd love to hear about fusion power. It would be a worldwide game changer!

[@Pakicetus_]

Does anyone watch The expanse, oh man I'm love with that show

[@hayharut]

every time i watch this i want to play elite dangerous

[@eyesopen66]

This channel is awesome! For a non scientist, and a regular working man (Joiner/Carpenter) like myself, you help deliver very difficult, but incredibly interesting topics in a manner, I can sometimes understand or grasp to a degree! thank you!

[@bluesingularity407]

I like that guy. He explains things very well. Thanks PBS. Great job!

[@PantsuMann]

Why don't we send a beach ball probe to Venus? Having the probe floating around in the atmosphere could give some cool science for future ideas.

[@garethdean6382]

+PantsuMann The hot acid makes it hard to get them to last very long though.

[@PantsuMann]

Then the cloud city is impossible already. But still, It would probably last longer than on the surface, so I guess it would give them more time to analyse.

[@AngelLestat2]

+Gareth Dean that is dumb.. we deal in earth with sulphuric acid all the time.. is the chemical most used in all the world. You have close to 100 different materials that deal with acid without problem.. in fact russians sent 2 balloon probes at 53km altitude, their only limited was that the probe who retransmit their signals was a fly-by probe who was following the comet halley.

[@garethdean6382]

PantsuMann Hot pressurized CO2 is also not nice. The biggest hurdle with Venus is just building stuff that will survive the air there. Cloud city or underground base it will have a hard time.

[@lilaclizard4504]

I'm pretty sure an average walmart beach ball is made of one of the types of plastic that can be used as a container to store concentrated sulfuric acid because it's impenetrable to the acid, so pump it up with earth air & find a way to get it down to the cloud layer & it should do just fine & bounce around at 50km high for as long as it would stay inflated on the surface of earth - ie a LONG time

[@connor2525]

I love this show so much! #occupyvenus

[@erak4342]

Cool episode!

[@chrismize9802]

Loved the vid! Loved the shot of radiation going around the planet. Looked super accurate! Cheers!

[@DROIDxCurve]

Wouldn't most of the issues of living on Mars be addressed if Mars were to undergo a greenhouse affect and form an atmosphere similar to that of Earth's..?

[@pocketniroman]

No.

[@lilaclizard4504]

did you watch the video? It can't retain an atmosphere! Meanwhile, technological developments that would no doubt occur if colonising Venus would likely be useful in fixing the greenhouse gas issue on earth

[@lindax911]

It's not my understanding that a planet with a solidified core and no resultant magnetic field _can_ hold an atmosphere. We'd need to reliquefy the core and start it rotating. That might also improve the gravity situation. Piece of cake, right?

[@matteonespoli4233]

@@lindax911 How in the hell would a rotating core improve gravity?

[@AquesticYT]

Lilac Lizard | It can retain an atmosphere. Just not lighter elements like hydrogen and oxygen. However, CO2 would would stay on Mars’s atmosphere.

[@okrajoe]

I don't know, I never trusted that Venus -- loos kinda shady.

[@stevejobs5488]

okrajoe Shady? Venus is the second brightest thing in the night sky apart from the moon.

[@lindax911]

@@stevejobs5488 Maybe, but what's it hiding under all those clouds?

[@donvee2000]

And can you imagine if your balloons lose air....

[@Juststayhopeful]

@@stevejobs5488 3rd is the star sirius

[@user-gt3ue3le9c]

it's nice on earth because we've been adapting to it for millions of years

[@charlielight6970]

you guys should do a video on whether or not we should travel out into space because that has some really interesting points

[@AlexSilva-gp3ti]

We've only discovered about 5% of the ocean and now wants to go on a space travel smh

[@IhaveBigFeet]

Barek Obema why would we want to map the ocean floor what would be the benefit of that ? Exactly nothing

[@LapisOverlord]

Bob Cratchit, there is actually stuff on the ocean floor, due to the pressure, right under the floor u can find some diamonds and graphite. Also, oil

[@IhaveBigFeet]

Mr Peanut Dab And what would be the point of that?Do you want to exploite the earth even further

[@LapisOverlord]

woah what the u replied already?

[@AlexSilva-gp3ti]

Mr Peanut Dab he's an Internet dweeb

[@edeneden97]

When does the photon challenge answer come?

[@J58LRJ]

Nice to have a space time episode I fully understand the first time round XD

[@Giantcrabz]

what a wholesome episode 😊

[@Aldurnamiyanrandvora]

Missed one thing: Mars can mine its own materials. Venus is stuck with oxygen, carbon, and sulphuric acid

[@Clean97gti]

Missed another thing. The thin Martian atmosphere means that you can't land anything heavier than a metric ton on the surface. While there are some options in development to bring that number up, you are faced with the problem of not being able to take much to Mars. You can use multiple launches, but then you have other complications. It's another reason Venus makes a lot more sense.

[@robertodeleon-gonzalez9844]

Mike McKeen, where did you get your limit of one metric maximum mass for any landing on Mars? It appears to me that a larger mass can be safely landed with a sizable enough rocket engine system.

[@Clean97gti]

You would need a rocket system in order to land anything heavier on Mars. Such a system adds weight and makes missions more expensive and complex. That's why I mentioned it in contrast with Venus, where no such system would be needed. I got the number from here. www.astrobio.net/mars/mass-launched-raising-the-weight-limit-on-mars-missions/ They do mention another possibility, but its as of yet, undeveloped. Rocket systems work now but add weight.

[@robertodeleon-gonzalez9844]

Excellent!

[@idklmao6251]

Ethan Black There is infact oxygen but don't take your space suit off

[@mathmachine4266]

Wow, I love people who always have their elbows bent exactly 90° at all times

[@niallcoughlan4900]

you know i was never really in favour of keeping earth habitable but that argument at the end really swayed me

[@jjohnson6968]

5:53 You can use less than that if you use rust. It only needs a few cm.

[@twistercuber]

8:06 turned American when he said atmosphere lmao

[@ashleightribble2925]

IM CRYING LOLL

[@makbones3481]

If we we're able to colonize on venus, how would we build the cloud city's without dying will in construction? And would the moon be off the table when trying to live in space?

[@makbones3481]

GameOfEnder i mean, i like the idea of living on venus but its seems way too science fiction to be a reality. And yes i knew titan was a moon of Saturn. Because of Destiny. Lol. Thnx video games

[@furyc4144]

Mak Bones the ESA (European Space Agency) is going to build moon base colonies on the Moon and they will be finished by 2026.

[@lilaclizard4504]

Mak Bones, NASA has developed (at least on paper, not sure how far they've gone in build schematics) a self deploying & inflating blimp, with a return rocket as part of it's package, there's a video on it somewhere, I think the link might be on the previous video from these guys. Basically you go into orbit, then release the package (with astronauts onboard), it goes through the entry phase, then starts deploying, drops a little below 50km as the compressed gasses are inflating the blimp & then the combo of the gasses & pressure floats it back up to 50km again. They do their research/complete their stay & then enter the rocket & leave again, leaving the blimp behind. (the floating thing is just like dropping a cork or space capsule into the ocean - it drops below the surface on impact, but then gets pushed up again by the pressure. The atmosphere on venus below 50km acts like the water on earth & floats stuff So if you want to build a bigger city/habitat, presumably you start with that part & then inflate further plastic bubbles while inside that, or you put on your standard earth chemical factory protective suit & go outside & work on inflating from there. Just need to filter the sulfuric acid out as it inflates & after that you can be inside it with only an o2 tank & then it's just a case of bringing in more air through the top & expelling through the bottom until your habitat becomes mostly nitrogen & oxygen & co2 (being heavier) is purged out the bottom (nitrogen & oxygen are already in the atmosphere at the same levels as on earth, it's just that the atmosphere is SO dense that the result is they are proportionally a far lower percentage of the air. If you can collect (or bring with you) some helium, then that's much better still, since you can float the whole thing up an extra 5km or so & bring your temps down to a Hawaii like temp, but even at 70c, that's quite manageable for short periods. Dry saunas are generally set at between 70c & 110c, with 90c being the norm & those who use them often easily handling 15-30minutes in them at a time & up to about 5 sessions a day - without any heat protective equipment. That nuclear sub that was involved in the Cuban missile crisis & malfunctioned was up over 70c for the entire time it was down there (days)

[@lilaclizard4504]

& as for the moon, same gravity & pressure issues as Mars (but worse), same radiation issues as Mars, is closer to home though, so less radiation on the trip

[@lilaclizard4504]

GameOfEnder _" I don't know where this guy got most his facts from"_ I'd guess NASA, his info is spot on with what is available anywhere you look. The only glaringly obvious thing he missed was that you can go underground on Mars & 1 metre of soil will provide the same protection as 1 metre of other stuff & he also missed that on Venus helium can easily be accessed (and just dumped into the habitat with everything else & it will float to the top out of the way) & used to float the structures 5km higher & so completely negate all heat issues. There's no question Venus is the better option! The gasses are no different to many chemical plants on earth, while the pressure issues on Mars are HUGE & unresolvable

[@HunkCutie]

Nice one.

[@OmegaMegalodon]

awesome video

[@jbs9373]

TLDR version: Venus is too alive and Mars is too dead.

[@Fruit-Juice]

:0

[@MrZochal]

If you have to build a habitat anyways, why would it be easier to build it on a planet compared to Space? Wouldn’t it be easier to live on a big enough space station than colonizing a planet of our solar system? And sorry for my bad English, it’s not my native language.

[@morningmadera]

+MrZochal in space you don't have the relatively easy to get materials near by ... or water

[@MrZochal]

It also would be hard to get that stuff on Venus. Plus, mining asteroids in space at least seems easier than dealing with the problems on inhospitable planets.

[@morningmadera]

MrZochal I guess ... I don't have the knowledge to make an accurate statement here.

[@nostrum6410]

+MrZochal ive wondered the same things myself. only thing i can come up with is colonies on these planets strictly for the purpse of terraforming

[@garethdean6382]

+MrZochal Maybe. Space has two big issues, a lack of gravity which causes bone and muscle wasting and 24 hour high levels of radiation. Materials would have to be got from comets and asteroids and you'd be in constant danger of springing a leak and depressurizing. It might be easier to colonize a comet or asteroid by burrowing into it.

[@Luboman411]

The shielding issue as pertains coronal mass ejections and regular solar wind radioactivity assumes that the Mars colony would be out in a plain, completely exposed to the elements. I remember reading or seeing somewhere (maybe on SpaceTime?) that most scientists are thinking of getting around this by building a Mars colony in a Martian lava tube. Lava tube ceilings sometimes collapse, leaving a large hole that opens out to the larger world. You would just need to get into a large-enough hole, scout around the tunnel/cave, reinforce the ceiling of the tunnel/cave via normal construction methods, and build the space colony within the tunnel/cave. That provides you with more than sufficient shielding from radiation over the very long-term. In fact, underground colonies on Mars seem like the most viable method to colonize the planet. The very low gravity is what would probably get humans in trouble on Mars over the long term, and that can't be easily fixed...

[@Xingyi21]

Still love these

[@dustin1931]

If you flare your nostrils at the same time that the solar flare hits then the two flares cancel each other out and you'll be fine. 👌🇺🇸

[@anonymoushuman1718]

meanwhile in Kuwait the temperature in summer reaches 60 c

[@morningmadera]

+anonymous human maybe you should cut 7 more degrees from that :) www.google.es/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=SWuyVsPNBOas8weVrZXQAg&gws_rd=ssl#safe=off&q=kuwait+record+high+temperature

[@thomasharneshaug4567]

got the same problem bro

[@SebWilkes]

4:56 that beep is just like in Star Trek lol Nice video, but I have to point that out

[@1ranjeeves21]

0:40 Yes but we also need to learn how to live responsibly on this planet if we're ever going survive long to reach that goal.

[@DallyDragon]

I think we should go to Jupiter first.

[@Spartan0430]

+DallyDragon clearly we should focus future colonization efforts on Planet 9

[@purequasar]

Spartan0430 we shall start on a planet around Proxima Centauri

[@lowkeyrari2806]

DallyDragon Obviously we should focus our efforts on colonizing the sun

[@DallyDragon]

Good plan. We're gonna need a lot of sun screen tho, and plenty of cold beers coz the heat makes me thirsty.

[@goodboy3520]

and we need to put some sun screen on the fuck rocket

[@MouseAndShiraz]

Venus still seems impractical, despite the cloud city idea. One catastrophic failure and your entire colony is gone on a one-way-trip to the surface, and there's just no coming back from that. At least on Mars, if there's a catastrophic failure, contingency plans could keep the population alive and allow for the repairing of whatever failed. Mars might be less pleasant given a momentary slice of time, assuming that all the pressing problems on both planets have been solved, but thinking in terms of longterm viability, I'd definitely place my bets on Mars. All things being equal though, until we can live on another planet and actually benefit from doing so, I suspect that any interplanetary colonization we do will be more akin to our 'colonization' of Earth's orbit; a handful of specialists living and conducting research. Not a place where people live and grow families. When Europe colonized North America it was because people stood to gain a lot of wealth thanks to natural resources like fur and sugar and tobacco. Unless we discover a rich source of something that isn't readily available on earth, colonization is all a pipe dream, sadly. I want to live to see it, but present conditions don't suggest it's going to happen anytime soon.

[@FutureChaosTV]

+MouseAndShiraz Maybe we can find a way to extract, store and cheaply dump our CO2 excess into the atmosphere of mars...

[@dzarko55]

+FutureChaosTV you're talking about millions and millions of tons of gas. Good luck with that.

[@RomulessI]

+MouseAndShiraz There are tons of rich sources of Tons of things that aren't readily available on Earth. We just don't have the drive to go get it. Go check out the composition of some of our local asteroids. There is more wealth on some of those asteroids than all of America.

[@MouseAndShiraz]

I'm not talking about asteroids, though. Every planet we might colonize would not get us any closer to mining asteroids. Asteroid mining is something that can (and probably will) take place without the need for any kind of colonization. It'll just all get shipped back to Earth.

[@EM-wt2wi]

+MouseAndShiraz I think that the Moon will be our first colony outside of Earth.The sheer proximity of it makes it easier to develop.

[@M00nSlippers]

Could this become a series? Something like "A day's walk outside on Jupiter", or "A day's walk outside on Charon", and you guys could discuss what would theoretically happen to someone who went walking out in other places in our solar system if they had the minimum air or what have you to survive long enough to die in more interesting ways.

[@christopherwatson6305]

Perhaps you should do a show on creating "terrariums", as hypothesized by author Kim Stanley Robinson, in his science fiction novels. Hollowed out asteroids, spun up to crate artificial gravity, and then Terra terraformed. Fascinating!

[@ScienceAsylum]

0:20 I see the anthropic principle is WEAK in this one ;-)

[@Lukiepookielemon]

Why am I the first like and reply?

[@harry_page]

@@Lukiepookielemon Ikr? Most of the time this channel is right at the top of the comment section. This time it has almost as little response as I get xD

[@Buttscum]

if only mars and venus were to trade orbits. that would be the best of both worlds.

[@brine_909]

+filthy sanchez no. mars would be constantly bombarded with cosmic rays making it unlivable. and Venus will still have its ultra thick atmosphere making it still unlivable at the surface.

[@Deoxippus]

+filthy sanchez points for the pun, if not the science

[@Buttscum]

+Deaken B actually, things would be much different for venus. in mars's orbit, venus would never have had the runaway greenhouse effect. if earth were in venus's current orbit, it too would go a similar route what venus became with being too close to the sun.

[@brine_909]

filthy sanchez but the greenhouse effect was from all the volcano activity. not it being close to the sun. i mean it may a bit be better because it's farther from the sun but it still would be unlivable.

[@brine_909]

filthy sanchez Venus is actually in the habitable zone. if the earth was at that distance it would be the right temperature to support rain forests witch is what they originally thought Venus would be like.

[@matthewbartlett9222]

Can you do an episode about the goal of physics: a grand unified theory? How could someone even attempt to unify general relativity with quantum mechanics? How are theories like loop quantum gravity and string theory attempting to bring the two together? Can you do an episode about orbital maneuvers? What does it take to get to certain objects in the solar system the most efficiently, regarding things like time, and type of rocket/fuel? Does it depend on whether the mission is manned or unmanned? How do gravity assists work? Can you do an episode that discusses in detail how terraforming would work on worlds like Mars and Venus? Would genetically engineered bacteria be used to build soil out of the bare rock? How could an entire atmosphere be added or removed? Is there way to make the process take years instead of centuries? What would be done about rotation, the magnetosphere, gravity, levels of sunlight, etc. that plants and animals are used to?

[@TheIgnoredGender]

7:30 Now that's a relief!

[@PepsiManX360]

Does anyone else think that he looks a bit like AJ Styles?

[@hmm4437]

Now that you mention it. Kinda. But with a less shaved beard and sideburns

[@zuzu2700]

To me he looks like Scott Manley when you add the beard and full head of hair. xD

[@Vamashara]

I´m still struggling to find a reason to colonize any of those two actually. What could venus or mars really offer us that we don´t already have here? If we for some reason had to evacuate earth, and the options were mars and venus, i´d personally go for a fiery, spectacular death tbh (hopefully it´s not some lame virus..).

[@Ghostowl657]

More area for industry, and agriculture. Also Isolation from natural disasters. The more colonies you have, the more people you have too; bigger population is the natural trend in humans.

[@armstrong.r]

I think population is a driving factor. The amount of people on Earth is increasing at a staggering rate and our planet can only support about 9 billion people at maximum agricultural efficiency. The alternative to colonization would be population control, but that topic alone spawns ethical and political concerns.

[@Ghostowl657]

***** Population control is gonna happen one way or another: whether its natural or manmade.

[@armstrong.r]

Ghostowl657 I agree.

[@benedictifye]

To Boldly Go, Where No One Has Gone Before

[@eblackbrook]

I kind of would have hoped PBS had some people who knew the difference between "will" and "would"...

[@isabellaananda6633]

loved the shirt ~~

[@desarso]

So, how are we supposed to mine from cloud cities?

[@desarso]

Seriously liking Mars better, because you can actually get to the surface isn't favoritism

[@spatnaspolecnost]

+desarso mom's basement > Mars BIG TIME

[@lilaclizard4504]

desarso, you can use the plastics you create from the sulfuric acid for construction of your habitat & hydroponic gardens & then use the plastic & carbon fibre products (made from the carbon you separate from the oxygen via that hydroponic garden) for most of the stuff you need. If you really need to mine the surface (I would guess some of the volcanic rock would be useful as a hydroponic support medium if you want to grow potatoes etc - that's what they use on earth), then you make a bucket & cord for it from your carbon fibre & drop it over the edge. Let it drag along the surface for a few metres & then pull it back up

[@Icewind007]

Robots!

[@1873Winchester]

Why colonize other planets, why not just live in space habitats?

[@youssefyoussef8765]

you rock .. and say bombarded far too often !!

[@hypernova9237]

plz do an episode on calabi yau manifolds and how it affects the quantum fields and space time

[@dmytryb5858]

i belive that someday man will step on venus surface.

[@TMC3Official]

Dmytry B I think about 3538

[@dmytryb5858]

i think at the end of this century

[@The_Cheese_God]

Dmytry B 80 tons of pressure will instantly crush you while being cremated. Cool idea but, the Venusian surface is not a good idea.

[@dmytryb5858]

we have no choice, earth will be totally polluted in 100 years, nearest planet is venus, our twin planet, yea its awful conditions, but if mankind want to survive we must colonized it.

[@bilalhussain4472]

Dmytry B who

[@JavadGul]

Neither .... but .... Politicians will.

[@Mountain8ear]

Just pile a few feet of Mars soil on top of the habitats. A digging attachment can be developed for the light recon vehicle.

[@rurutherussian]

Lmfao, could you imagine being onboard a Mars bound ship, and all of a sudden news of a coronal mass ejection comes through on the radio, and the crew starts hollering "QUICKLY, GET THE SHIT!"

[@MartinWillett]

Destined? Pleeasse! Less of the woo-woo.

[@garethdean6382]

+Martin Willett Even scientists have dreams.

[@MartinWillett]

Gareth Dean Dreams are reasonable, the concept of destiny is not.

[@garethdean6382]

Martin Willett I dunno, it'd depend what you meant by it. As some magical guiding force that leads to a predetermined outcome I think it'd be pretty stupid, but people are often less concrete than that, I find you can usually replace it with 'potential' and get the same meaning. But then I'm not the video maker, maybe they have some sort of New Age belief about it all, it's certainly not uncommon in that sort of crowd. (See also Roko's Basilisk.)

[@MartinWillett]

Gareth Dean Far too many scientific (or rather otherwise scientific) people think that man has a destiny in the stars, that we are the sperm of Gaia or some such teleological fantasy. This idea needs mocking. We are animals. We exist because our ancestors bred. That's it. The past causes the present. The future does not suck. If anyone talks about a destiny in the stars grab hold of your wallet and wish them luck with their quest. It does not benefit you if someone else has descendants living on Mimas. Don't fall for the idea that you benefit from other people going into space, at least not to the point that you need to pay them to go!

[@TCBYEAHCUZ]

+Martin Willett It's called being proud of your fellow human species, you degenerate.

[@unscriptedrex9018]

25 years later... We colinized venus! When the sun expands... God dammit we lost all progress well earth is toasted so we are dead pretty much... I KNEW WE SHOULD OF COLONIZED MARZ AND TERRAFORM IT!

[@81Mendel]

@ 0:41 No, even before that we first have to learn to live on this planet. In a way sustainable enough to give us time to learn to live on other planets as well.

[@lito11111940]

They were also supposed to build underground tunnels and structures. That will reduce radiation poisoning a great deal.