Amazing Technique of Electric Motor Rewinding

[@1GR-FE]

Профессионалы, ручная работа, молодцы. 👍

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@lucdrouin2625]

This highly skilled man has demonstrated beautiful craftsmanship, attention to detail and accurate reconstruction of electrical motor. The motor was restored in perfect working order and properly sealed for many more years of reliable service. May his business prosper!

[@WowThings]

Thanks for commendation!

[@loutsmuhammed1214]

@@WowThings j

[@toejam7606]

But that’s wire isint the part that wears out...

[@mansabkhan2817]

@@WowThings wi

[@shamalee3310]

pppppppp ppppppppp0ppppppppppp ppppllll

[@wavesrasalhadd7572]

I just love how they keep everything clean and real .. no fancy music no any host . Just the real people and there real hardwork ...

[@docmezensev]

Целый день работал! Моë почтение к ручному труду.

[@jerryumfress9030]

I was a motor winder for GE Apparatus Service from the late 1970s until the 90s, in Memphis Tennessee. I cross trained in low, medium, and high voltage Switchgear. I was able to travel around the country to other Service shops. I loved the work, meeting people and seeing other parts of the country

[@joeylawn36111]

😎

[@gillrogers5279]

I did this as my first job after leaving school back in the 70's, winding the coils, inserting them, connecting and testing. This has brought back so many great memories.

[@Snipeerek]

@Skallywag It's Lacquer.

[@Snipeerek]

I do this every day in my factory xD But still i'm like to watch this :D Sorry for launguage, i'm from Poland :D

[@austingoleman9431]

Same here 5 years in a motor shop after high school lots of memories

[@rusly9121]

Same here sir, this was also my first job for 2 years i when just graduate from high school back in 2000,it really is bring back memories 👍

[@arleneFPS]

whats that thing he used to test the motor?

[@ObeseMurican]

Respect for skilled workers across the world.- From a fellow with dirty hands.

[@chrishayes5755]

@Shawn Ariel spam

[@carslovee4104]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/h37SoIaOfbWra68

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@qazisaqibsaqib3549]

thanks bro same here hahahahah love and respect for u

[@ballroomdancer1355]

Real marxism..

[@일격에주님곁으로-h8x]

Electric motor technician from 1999 to 2001 Tried to repair up to 4 poles 40hp. South Korea gave up because the salary for Electric motor repairs was small. You are a great piece

[@Vasili-h9b]

Это опыт многих дней и лет. Только восхищаться такими людьми. Удачи в трудовой работе 👍👍👍

[@ЖанДжабаев]

Еще покрасить как новый тогда будет выглядеть!

[@ВалерийВеличко-у8ъ]

@@ЖанДжабаев , тогда он и будет новым)

[@АлександрМоисеев-н6н]

и подшипники поменять

[@НиколайГаража-м4ф]

Да молодец красавчик. Класс работа уважаю.

[@protivnik1000]

Вот откуда пошло выражение сделал на коленке. Мужики респект.👍🍀

[@youngtoo145]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/gmOZg3Wlir1peKc

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@fickhidayat8689]

Bisaan euy, si aa eta. Sae pisan a. Didieu mah teu carampleng a, servis teh. Mendiangan meli nu anyar...

[@АлександрБутаков-ч3ю]

хорошая работа ... я сам синхронные и асинхронные двигатели перематывал восемь лет

[@маканбайтемиров]

Привет из kyrgyzstana! Like 👍👍👍

[@nurlanalmatys6227]

Походу реклама Гуччи. А мужик молодец, Золотые руки.

[@ivanproduct]

Помню на заводе, целый электроцех этой ху*ней занимался. А тут один.

[@Morsel64]

О чем тут говорить, я работал на заводе радиоприбор слесарем- механиком радиоаппаратуры в 16 цехе все это делали бригадой. Тут один человек. Это необходимость, Смотреть на такой труд, как слушать флейту индии.

[@НазарбекНазарбеков]

эту работу сам мастер одиночка делают правилно я бил директором 24 год правил такую организации привет все хороший люди из узбекистана

[@unknownunknown819]

Всегда найдется Азият который переплюнит эвропейца.🤣

[@jhonysweet9682]

Поэтому и развалился Радиоприбор, лучше один пакестанец, чем кучка волоебов

[@_Mitya]

@@jhonysweet9682 на самом деле хорошо организованная и слаженная команда сможет куда большем чем 1 человек ...но при условии честного чплоченного труда

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@dirk3510]

My greatest respect to the hardworking employee. Good job, but: in the long run it is better if you work on a stable table. Ball bearings don't like street dirt and your back will thank you for it later. In addition, you cover the edges of the rotor housing before levering over the edges with a tool. Later, when you make your soldered connections, you should first remove the layer of lacquer with light acid, then twist and solder the wires. After soldering, it is essential to wash off the flux with spirit (so that it does not corrode any further). And if everything is OK after a functional test (possibly endurance run) there is no harm in giving the outside and the panels a fresh coat of paint. It looks much more elegant and the customer is happy about your masterpiece. Well done ...

[@ianrutherford878]

Unless they skipped a few steps,it looks like it went back together with the old bearings too.

[@ohger1]

You don't need to pre-clean the lacquered wire. The lacquer will burn off immediately and cleanly when soldered, and there's no chance of nicking the magnet wire when removing the lacquer and reducing its current carrying ability.

[@lyndonthan4350]

Dirk, I agree with your points. These guys still did a decent job, but those little things would make it all the better. I would also like to see some level of potting, but I assume thats an option that makes things worse for future rebuilding. The white wrap at the end I believe is cotton webbing. But I'd love to know what the white plastic stuff is thats used to line the passages through the laminations. The piece of hard material right near the rotor seems to be something like phenolic or fiber reinforced bakelite. The originals appear to be fibreglass.

[@BoldVoin]

Приятно смотреть когда люди что то делают своими руками.

[@vladimerdarjania7157]

Всегда очень приятно смотреть когда люди что то делают своими руками.

[@quocbao2892]

chú làm kĩ lương,vô keo,quấn băng... con rất thích....

[@arvlogs1499]

Hats off to you Dude. You made it look so easy. The coil pulling out section was the toughest part. It requires skill and technique

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@badrinair]

Very impressed with the good man's patience and attention to detail. Well done

[@Heiple2007]

Outstanding hand work. Very nice skills. MY HANDS hurt after watching this.

[@quivsterderilo1244]

Another underpaid highly skilled technician.... Salute

[@philipkudrna5643]

Good as new. That’s proper craftsmanship. In Europe, we would throw the whole thing away, because it would cost too much to rewind it... Actually what a waste! And it looked very proper in the end! This guy knew what he was doing!

[@DragonHeart5150]

Very impressive! This is the guy you want in an apocalypse.

[@carslovee4104]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/h37SoIaOfbWra68

[@نبعالصفصاف-ز3خ]

0قسكس 7

[@chapiit08]

If electricity's still available...

[@idenhlm]

That these kind of skills are sadly lacking in many places. Give him a quality job within industry.

[@fvgm]

Very skilled man. I like the way he start the motor without three phases. Some engineering students didn't realize what he is doing. Thanks.

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@SuperGorli]

As an electronics engineer I am completly speechless. I am utterly baffled by this and I bow my head to those dudes who dont just repair, but rebuild this in a garage full of garbage.

[@flightgamer7849]

Question. What is it that would ever actually fail on a motor like this requiring rewinding? Do the insulating materials break down causing shorts? Does the copper itself breakdown and lose conductivity? Just wondering. Thx

[@SuperGorli]

@@flightgamer7849 Not sure, our electromotors have windings with a laquer layer, but this one runs without copper isolation just by isolation by air. I suppose the winding has problems with the contacts or has so much corrosion, that in operation the applied voltage is enough for a breakdown between the layers of copper.

[@EPICSOUNDTRAX]

My father had many of these type of electromitirs.extremely powerful and silent.mist of the time the problems occur if the motor overheats.it us very probable the laquer melts and shorting.when.gus motors go out it is always the smell and heat of burning cables.wgen opening the motor you can see the honey colour goes dark.so the wires melted.

[@chikitronrx0]

@@flightgamer7849 over heating and over current cause damage like this.

[@rolandlastname5532]

@@flightgamer7849 the wires are insulated by a thin laquer layer. The lifetime of the insulation depends on temperature. As a general rule, running the motor 10 degrees celsius hotter, reduces lifetime by half. Run your motor for too long, too hot, and / or have cheap insulation and your motor will burn out. While those people seem pretty skilled at rewinding, we don't know what kind of wires they use. Insulation class H is best, class F is pretty good too, A and B are much cheaper

[@edipyuksel]

One of the best youtube channels. I watched about six videos here so far; each was inspiring, educational and entertaining. Somehow, I watched each video until the last second... I also learned that out there in the so-called Third World countries are first class people; talentted, brilliant, heard-working good people. This is a reminder for all of us to stand for world peace. We should not be manipulated by warmongering jingoist/religious sociopaths. Peace from Arizona...

[@flexr642]

Craftsman, Snap-On, Matco, etc. Should all be sponsoring these guys.

[@bradley2427]

Instead of telling others what to do, why don't you sponsor them?

[@flexr642]

@@bradley2427 You obviously didn't get my point. These guys are repairing things with very minimal tools and, yes, some specialty items. But, in the social media world that we live in today.... It would be good advertising if a company gave them a toolbox full of tools to use to display their banner on these videos. I'm sure they don't NEED chit from anyone since they're obviously competent individuals, so me dropping a like and subscribing to their channel, I think, is enough. Thanks for sharing your opinion tho lol pffff

[@amynoacid]

@@flexr642 problem with that is the tools would be so valuable that they'll either sell them or be stolen/robbed from them.

[@outgoingautismhowtoovercom8512]

Great idea

[@bradley2427]

@@flexr642 so instead of telling companies how they should be running, take your own advice and buy them some tools or donate to them. Stupid fucking idea anyway, as they would just sell them off and use the shitty tools they've been using. Fucking dead beat

[@arenawoodworks]

So much respect for you people. Most people in the West can't even fix their bicycle.

[@lordred7462]

because people in west are generally rich and can afford to themself's to be stupid

[@jeffreystroman2811]

What do you mean "you people"??

[@shilongtang549]

this is developing countries condition, labor cost is low so they use the way to repair. if like usa or japan, the repairman cost much higher than purchase new one.

[@arenawoodworks]

​@@jeffreystroman2811 are you poking to to find racism? I hope not because you missed my point completely. "You people" are the honest hard working ones on this planet.

[@dave623]

That’s exactly the opposite of reality.

[@Nicaprince89]

This is seriously impressive.

[@user-folk1987]

Даже простой работяга из Индии/Пакистана может себе позволить гуччи)

[@_admiral_]

С языка снял😂

[@Dr.DmitriyD]

Ключевое слово "работяга". Он на портки и картуз руками заработал. Не на паперти наклянчил. Молодчага.

[@askhatesimbai7822]

Ну а хул уметь надо

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@mdghulamsarwar5073]

Good job this person 👍👍👍👍👍.

[@WowThings]

Many many thanks

[@zulfikranzulmos4066]

It might be hard work but he is doing an honest work and feeding his family..

[@mohd68]

ما شاء الله تبارك الرحمن عليك انت بطل يا أخي الكريم على هذا الفن 👍🌹🙏🤲🙏🤲🙏🤲🙏🤲🇦🇪

[@kshitizrana6413]

Thanks sir, for making this channel As an undergrad student I highly appreciate your videos for making such cool stuff and practically showing all the mechanism in an orchestrated manner and above all a huge respect for these skilled workers🙏🙏❤️

[@akramdeura6019]

Great job . Pakistani hand made engineers great . Pakistan 🇵🇰 zindabad

[@mohdkhairilhamid3280]

Taliban zindabad brother...

[@sibisanjay]

From what I remember during my 90s when you get this redwing wrong you have to remove all those copper coils and rewind again. Such a big punishment for mechanics. It’s satisfying to see this guy’s skills 👍🏽

[@SciHeartJourney]

He took raw metal and turned it into an electric machine! This was awesome to watch. His craftsmanship was excellent!

[@WowThings]

Happy to see that you enjoyed it. Thanks for Commendations.

[@Petrochemtester]

Like how the winder was made out of old connecting rods

[@ВладимирСтепанович-э7е]

Непонятно откуда оно у меня в рекомендациях, но круто! Молодцы, лайк )

[@DockterDoom]

This badass flashed the rotor with a handheld electromagnet 😅. My utmost respect, from one winder to another.

[@pixelpatter01]

Wasn't that a starting capacitor? He shorted it out afterwards. I think he was just using it on the starter coils to get it going.

[@mdhj67]

His rebuild is better than the original.

[@jeffreystroman2811]

I must admit I was skeptical at the beginning, for the many times I've said rewinding a stator is an art form unto itself, these gentlemen illustrate that statement by action. Wouldn't be suprized if I've used a motor from them myself, small world and all

[@NardieThox]

Very good 👍👍👍👍😘😘😘

[@nelute5]

Bravo, toată stima și respectul ! Pe noi, nu ne mai lasă nici să muncim, nici să învățăm , doar să plătim !

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@Alfredlgo]

👏🏿👏🏿👏🏿👏🏿💯wonderful skill

[@Everydaymesses08]

This was incredible. The amount of time this must take. Wow.

[@WowThings]

Glad you think so and thanks for watching.

[@cmes77]

yes with the tools and equipment , since its very primitive way to do it, Now time and technology this can be done faster

[@brendandrury2177]

@@cmes77 A referral to a site showing this done faster please?

[@istrandasisse9654]

very cool Ingenuity in the service of recycling, Lots of people should be inspired by it ...

[@Pavel_Vasilevich]

Это вам не в тик токе сидеть 😆🤣😂

[@unknownunknown819]

Типа токе сидеть.🤣👍

[@carslovee4104]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/h37SoIaOfbWra68

[@iahindianarmhunter3321]

बेस्ट craftsman in my life salute bro

[@joebird1400]

The things we take for granted 😪

[@sharukhmatekuki5830]

Nice 👍🏻👍🏻 🇮🇳 || Kuki

[@elbowtoe84]

🌺مَاشَاءَالله🌺 🌺مَاشَاءَالله🌺 🌺مَاشَاءَالله🌺 Mere jaan Love and peace from Scotland U.K. Keep up the great work Excellent content Pakistani zindabad long live our beautiful beautiful ppl

[@paulosh6916]

I did that as a teenager after school back in Asmara, Eritrea in mid 80s. Brought back memories. It was when knowledge was not only expensive but arcane as well.

[@realmkb125]

What's amazing technique you have seen in this video? I'm also a winder at Aram Bagh Karachi, Pakistan and and we have much great teachers and students that can wind these 3 phase motors more beautifully!

[@marcoantoniovilla6012]

Muy. Bien. Señor. Felisitaciones. Saludos. De jalisco. Mexico.

[@piriski]

Que buen trabajo y prolijo, saludos desde Argentina.

[@axelbelleris]

I like the isolation technique with this plastic material between each coil. Beautiful job when you have all the materials and property tools. 👍🏼 I would like to learn to working in this office. 🙌 Greetings from Argentina. 🙋🏻‍♂️

[@WowThings]

Thank you very much!

[@paulorth2251]

Technology doesn't have to be technical, a man made it and it only takes a man to fix it.

[@vital1618]

Когда выдёргиваешь старую медь можно маленькой монтировочкой с лопаткой ,удобно 👍👍👍

[@georgewhitehead8185]

The dude who did all that work deserves to wear Gucci Pants...plus a big bonus! Nice work Man!

[@wowinventions3187]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/in_Ic4iqoaqfrNk

[@bhelpurtechnical]

Very nice bro Ye video dekh kr me bhi motar wanting krna sikh gya hu Thanku soo much😊😊

[@blinker_182]

Only one thing comes to my mind: isn't it more convenient to do it on the table, than on the floor?

[@a.kinformationbusiness8841]

Wah Kya bat hy . good job 👍

[@hiphoplegends6946]

He knows what he's doing.

[@eddiedeleon2425]

do you want to know the size i bearings Sir

[@smarterthananatheist]

It’s a skill, for sure.

[@aboyara6465]

ماشاء الله تبارك الله 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@василийтарапуншька]

Сразу видно что чувак с медью работает, и кожак на нем и станочек😅

[@СтасИрин-з8и]

Ага,и штаны гучи😁😁😁

[@unknownunknown819]

Кожак на нем штаны Гучи а ножки босиком да.🤣👍

[@ivanraskhodchikov2984]

@@СтасИрин-з8и а кожанка D&G, если не заметили :-)

[@ЕвгенийШатулин-т1ф]

Ну он же на камеру работает. Весь мир увидит.

[@arjunmurali2612]

Thankyou Sir for your work. You have amazing craftmanship. As an undergraduate student I was able to learn a lot from this video. Have a nice day.

[@soltiago8121]

That takes alot of work. Is it not better just to buy a new one or its to expecive. Good job.

[@moviemania1137]

They charge $30 to rebuild a large truck battery, so this motor prolly cost $60 to rebuild. The most expensive part is the copper winding, and they prolly melt down the old copper anyways. 1

[@FarmerFpv]

Look at the place, do you really think they can afford a new 3 phase motor? It's a 3rd world country, us westerners take a lot for granted

[@soltiago8121]

@@FarmerFpv you are definitely right. But it takes so mush work unbelievable. They really do a good job that's for sure.

[@moosepasshippie]

Finding a new electric motor on the shelf that is exactly like the one you need is very rare. They are.usually on a 4 to 6 week lead time to ship. He can rebuild it in a shorter time and cheaper.50+ hp motors are way cheaper to rebuild than buy new.

[@aliawais5089]

well this is recycling at its best.. ppl here usually scrap the old stuff and they get rebuild and resold.. this Pakistan in nutshell.

[@adnanrasool1323]

first electrician that done his work neat and clean .

[@MenzelMotors]

We like 2 things. His leather jacket and his know-how.

[@crossconnector7265]

Gucci treck pent

[@williammccafferty8558]

Yea it's very skilled I to praise these people for such skills there true workmanship

[@richardnash6009]

Another excellent project and very clever thank you 🤟🤟🤟🤟

[@RicoJovanni]

Дедушка Сименс одобряет!

[@sebastianfernandez7973]

Nice! Very nice video! Thanks for the show!!!

[@ziyadkhan3814]

Ma sha Allah bus emandari se kam kare banda to kamyab ho jae.

[@set059]

Nice jacket

[@raghurambr1966]

Excellent skill and patience.

[@WowThings]

Yes, thanks

[@ИванИваныч-б6ы]

Судя по отсутствию лака на обмотках ,этот мотор перематывают не первый раз)))

[@marmasteris]

Вот по этому и непропитывает лаком,чтоб работы хватало.Те которые с этим делом незнакомы,на такую "мелочь"не обращают внимания.Мотор на несколько часов должен погрузится в емкость с лаком МЛ92,потом сушильная камера.

[@ИванИваныч-б6ы]

@@marmasteris у нас в деревне сколько себя помню,всегда водонапорная башня текла ,почти на самом верху.Был мужик,самый смелый ,он каждый год ее варил сваркой ,спускаясь на верёвке.И так каждый год! Потом оказалось ,он поискрит поискрит сваркой,а в дырку чепик осиновый)))На год хватало ,потом все по новой.Деньга есть,шабашка ))) Мне кажется и сздесь что то подобное мутят🤣🤣🤣

[@The111www1111]

@@marmasteris Цены на перемотку совсем не гуманные. Лучше уж доплатить процентов 15 и купить новый. Если движок конечно не какой нибудь "специфический".

[@marmasteris]

@@The111www1111 Согласен.Но дело в том,что рынок переполнен китайским говном с обмотками из алюминия.Так что не знаешь что попадется.

[@wernerfeil7900]

Ein tolle, handwerklich sehr gut ausgeführte Arbeit! Alle Achtung!

[@bossdog1480]

I was an electronics tech in the Navy and one of my jobs was to go down into the engine room and put my hand on all of the electric motors to test for overheating and vibrations that could be the motor failing. It was too loud to hear the motors running so we had to test by hand. Those old engine rooms were awful. I don't know how the Stokers put up with the heat and noise.😂

[@qalamkaar1984]

good work 👍🏻, a Pakistani 🇵🇰 love ♥️ from Malaysia 🇲🇾...

[@ИльяВалерьевич-н9и]

Уважение мужикам.

[@zigzac72]

Индусы молодцы! умеют делать вещи!

[@keokimalulani3354]

Great skill and knowledge.

[@poppiarlin5612]

You need to invent a new word that means absolutely the most amazing skills. This guy is a genius.

[@sammorrow8420]

We need to do this on a large scale in the US 🇺🇸. We throw too much away!!! #RighttoRepair

[@kebulan]

salute the pakistan people..smart brains are able to recreate used items..takbir☝️ From Malaysia ☝️

[@muneerhassan6042]

Wow wow wow. 👏. This is real skill here

[@77DoubleV]

Всё неплохо, но пропитать и высушить его конечно надо, а то не долго поработает. И что то с испытанием не понятно ничего, трёхфазный мотор одной фазой запустил и типо проверил... Ну такое.

[@masterautostv]

Write in english what you said brother

[@Марат-щ8л]

Еще электрослесарю люлей дать и научить нормально демонтировать обмотку. Чтобы не портил края корпуса посадочные под крышку. Обкрамсал всю обмотку, после него не подсчитать параметры так как часть обмотки утеряна. На горячую легче разбирается .

[@77DoubleV]

@@Марат-щ8л Точняк. Тоже не понравилось, что как то вандально разбирал. Я обычно нагреваю в печи градусов до 250 и отлично разбирается.

[@sarwestside]

@@masterautostv He complains about final test, it was performed using only one phase instead of all three.

[@masterautostv]

@@sarwestside what is the league he speak that's the reason I told him write in english

[@roneditz6173]

Doing a Good Job. Looks to be very much professional.

[@WowThings]

Thanks for encouragement.

[@ZahidHussain-ft2py]

Pakistanies 🇵🇰are the most talented people in the world. Respect from 🇮🇳 India

[@WowThings]

Wow Thanks a lot for your love and devotion to us.

[@randystone6781]

The simplicity and manual skills in these videos amaze me.

[@TEKTONby]

Круто! Золотые руки!

[@abusamad1528]

Bhi apnar dokan Tu kot

[@vamsidwibhashyam4454]

Thanks for doing this type of videos

[@WowThings]

My pleasure!

[@Pavel-ir7hm]

Чёт я не понял, статор можно просто кисточкой помазать и всё, просто я видел их в лак прямо целиком опускают и потом в печь.

[@evgef2045]

В следущий раз обмотку с лаком просто так будет не выдрать.

[@ЖеняШевель-л6ж]

Это нано технология

[@VRYN31]

Всеравно через неделю подшипники менять, пропитают заодно)))

[@RomanKorneiko]

Это типа подобия социализма, зачем покупать новый двигатель за условных 100долларов что бы он отработал пять лет от заката до рассвета если можно обеспечить перемотчиков и его семью хлебом таская этот мотор в ремонт каждые пол года за 15 долларов?

[@КириллНету-к8э]

@@RomanKorneiko у нас десятилетиями после перемотка работают.

[@igorartemov9187]

Завораживающее действо!!! Класс!!!😎👍

[@SanyoVojta]

We were learning this at high school, it was pretty cool, making engines work again ...

[@akshay7190]

It's not an engine. It's an AC motor!

[@SanyoVojta]

@@akshay7190 Yep, true, in my language engine/motor are same words, so i used it bad in English

[@pixelpatter01]

@@SanyoVojta A motor is something that makes motion; an engine is a complicated device. They have become rather synonymous in many ways. For example a rocket motor may be as simple as a pyrotechnic skyrocket. but a rocket engine has pumps, valves and controls.

[@HungLe-dz1jy]

Bên nước ngoài làm nghề giỏi quá