Thank you for your question First, good echo machine " all my clips recorded by GE VIVID T9 and fewer clips by GE VIVID E95" Second, always optimize the image, it is one of the skills which make the difference.

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Excellent demonstration think the direction is upward ?

Thank you for your comment You are right. I need to choose my words more carefully.

Thank you for your comment I am sorry as it is very confusing, I think the flow is slightly downward

Thank you for your question Sure, it is very confusing But I think it is left upper pulmonary vein as the flow is directed downwards, and the vein is seen related to RPA.

Thank you so much for your kind supportive words ❤️.

Thank you for your support 🙏 🙌

Thank you 😇

Thank you dear 🌸

Thank you. Your words are very supportive 💕

I need one clarification though.....at 0:35 ....should it be PA and not PV....??

You are right it is just confusing, I should choose more clear non-confusing clips

It all depends on the location of the defects, ASD secondum is at the site of Fossa ovalis. On the other side, ASD sinus Venosus defects are related to SVC or IVC.

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Thank you 😇 I hope you like all the other videos as well.

Thank you, Nadeen 😇

You are welcome Of course, stay tuned 😉

I'm glad you liked it! 👍

Thank you for such kind words 🙏 I hope you can watch all the channel's videos.

It is very hard to find it for pediatric cardiologists, too.😅

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Thank you 😇

Thank you 😇

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Thank you for your comment I agree with you as regards a univentricular heart and anomalous pulmonary venous flow, I think also the case has truncus arteriosus type 2 Watch full explanation in this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntk

@@evan_emad thanks

Thank you for your comment I think the diagnosis differs from HLHS as solitary arterial trunk is seen Watch a full explanation of the echo in this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntk

Thank you for your comment I agree with you as regard single ventricle, MA But I think there is also a truncus arteriosus type 2 Watch the explanation through this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntksi=xbrYGe_LVVqtY0ED

Thank you. Very interesting case

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Thank you for your question! I think the probe needs to be at just the infra calviculst area with tilt side-to-side to optimize the view of the ductus arteriosus.

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@@evan_emad of course

Thank you for your comment I agree with you as regards the univentricular physiology But I think there's also a truncus arteriosus type 2 Watch the explanation through this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntksi=xbrYGe_LVVqtY0ED

The standard is central PA banding. Bilateral banding is indicated in fewer indications like Truncus arteriosis and in HLHS as a staged procedure before Norwood operation

Thank you for your comment I agree with you on all points except that I think the case has truncus arteriosus type 2 You can watch full explanation through this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntksi=yIEDgWdXIic5ZSfI

Thank you. Detailed suprasternal imaging would be helpful for us for imaging of aortic arch vs.through duct. Very interesting case. Truncal valve is three leaflets? Coronary arteries are normal? Thank you...

Thank you for your question May be the view is tricky due to the Zoom The clip shows at this time, a perimembranous VSD which is towards TV, in contrast to sub-pulmonic VSD which is towards PV. The term of outlet VSD is a broad term includes perimembranous, subpulmonic and some muscular VSDs.

Thank you for your question You should look for shunt obstruction, dilatation, stenosis, or displacement.

Thank you for your comment Both options are for augmentation of pulmonary flow. RVOT stenting enhances better, more rapid, and more uniform growth of the central pulmonary arteries. It also leads to a greater rise in oxygen saturations compared with a modified BT shunt procedure with a shorter hospital stay. RVOT stenting needs a well-formed RV. MBT shunts can be performed regardless of the nature of the RV. RVOT stent needs good-sized pulmonary artery branches, and mbt shunts can be performed with hypoplastic branches RVOT can destroy pulmonary valve leaflets, so preferred in cases with very small pulmonary annulus

Thank you for your comment I agree with you as regards APVC, but also, the case shows a picture of the univentricular heart and truncus arteriosus To check the full explanation, revise this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntksi=VO-5DZAJ1nrUa0Mj

Yes! Exactly 💯

Yes! There is anomalous pulmonary venous return There is also a truncus arteriosus type 2 with single ventricle physiology Here is a full explanation for the case kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJKVg6duiLOJntksi=wg5XJh4iOeWam6aU

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Thank you dear 🌸

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@@evan_emad for sure

Yes! I agree with you 💯

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