21.5 Color and Paramagnetism of Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds | General Chemistry

Chad provides a succinct lesson explaining why many coordination compounds are vividly colored and explains how to determine if a complex will be paramagnetic or diamagnetic. The crystal field splitting energy corresponds to the energy of the light absorbed by many transition metal complexes as an electron is promoted from lower energy d orbital to a higher energy d orbital. It also commonly corresponds to the energy of visible light. And if a complex absorbs visible light, it will typically appear to have the complementary color in appearance. Finally, a steadfast rule is provided allowing one to determine which transition metal complexes should be expected to be colored and which to be colorless.
A paramagnetic complex experiences a weak attractive force when moving through a magnetic field resulting from a net spin due to the presence of unpaired electrons. So if a transition metal in a complex has unpaired electrons it will be paramagnetic. But if all the electrons are paired up there is no net spin and the species will experience a very, very slight repulsion in a magnetic field and is said to be diamagnetic. Chad reviews how to fill in the d electrons based upon the type of coordination complex (octahedral/low spin, octahedral/high spin, tetrahedral, or square planar) to determine if and how many unpaired electrons may be present.
I've embedded this playlist as a course on my website with all the lessons organized by chapter in a collapsible menu and much of the content from the study guide included on the page. Check this lesson out at www.chadsprep.com/chads-gener...
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, final exam reviews, and practice exams, check out my General Chemistry Master Course (free trial available) at www.chadsprep.com/genchem-you...
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:26 Color of Transition Metal Complexes
06:53 Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic
09:17 Sc^3+: Colorless and Diamagnetic
10:32 Cu^+: Colorless and Diamagnetic
12:06 Fe^2+ (low spin): : Colored and Diamagnetic
14:30 Fe^2+ (high spin): Colored and Paramagnetic
15:53 Cr^3+: Colored and Paramagnetic
17:21 FeF6^3- (weak field): Colored and Paramagnetic
19:19 Ni^2+ (square planar): Colored and Diamagnetic
20:12 Spectrochemical Series
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[@hzaa6810]

I decided to comment on this video as it's your recent one for Gen Chem. I just wanted to say that your videos are the straight to the point and the most helpful that I have ever seen. I struggled so much in Chem 1 and Im glad to have discovered you for Chem 2. Thank you so much for making these videos and helping people like me understand chemistry. Thanks to you I made my first A+ on my cham exam :)) I hope to learn more from you in the future

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Glad the channel has helped you!

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Great video, Chad! Would love to see an update to either your Biochemistry or Physics videos.

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Great to hear it Elizabeth! And good luck on your exam :)

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Just finished this playlist today! My AP Chemistry course didn't nearly cover all of the information I learned! Great job explaining all of these complex topics -- I'll see you in a few weeks for organic chemistry! :):)

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Kudos, Alex Kirby - Happy ongoing Studying!

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I had read a lot about Crystal field theory before I watched your video. I would say your video is even better than my professor's explanation. You are really explaining everything clearly! Thanks for your great video!

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Glad you found us, SW - Happy Studying!

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Kudos on the grade improvement. Glad the channel is helping you out so much!

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Hey Chad, starting Biochem and Physics next semester. Was just wondering if you are making an updated version of either lecture series any time soon?

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Excellent!

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Hey Chad, I was just wondering if you had any updates on when you will be making new videos on any subject. Just wanted to know, as a big fan of you!

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Glad to hear it, Michelle!

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Would love to see some videos on chapter 24: Organic and Biological Chemistry. In my gen chem 2 class we’re covering this final chapter. It’s from Brown’s “Chemistry: the Central Science” 15th edition. Thanks for all the content so far. My last test the whole class bombed…I got a 54%. On the retake I watched your videos and got a 96 🎉🎉🎉🎉

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You're welcome and Thank You!

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Hi chad, just wanted to thankyou and also ask if you have lessons done on the practical areas in A level chemistry, such as Unit 3 and unit 6 in edexcel chemistry?

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on it! :)

[@davidjay3074]

Question: if you have, let's say, 6 paired electrons in 3 low energy orbitals then you have a diamagnetic compound but if one of the electrons is moved to a higher energy orbitals by the absorption of light, will you then generate paramagnetism with light?

[@ChadsPrep]

Hello David! You are correct in principle. In promoting an electron to a higher energy orbital you create an excited state which should technically be paramagnetic. But excited states typically have lifetimes on the order of femto- or picoseconds before they relax back to the ground state. So I don't know if they are around long enough to have a measurable effect, and also the promoted electron should be equally likely to have either spin. So half the time the excited state would have one spin and half the time the other. Averaged over time, we might suspect that these effects should cancel as well. But we're devolving into the theoretical here and I'm just shooting from the hip, so take what I say with a grain of salt!😊

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[@ryuuhohansuke2996]

How can I know if the coordination compound is paramagnetic or diamagnetic if only its formula is given? e.g. [Ni(CN)4]2- , [Ni(NH3)4]2+ . Anyone??

[@ChadsPrep]

You could write out the electron configuration and as a general rule if there are odd numbers of electrons there are unpaired = paramagnetic, an even numbers of electrons all electrons are paired = diamagnetic but there are exceptions

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Doing fine - very busy with new projects. Happy Studying!

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How are you Chad sir? I can't see see your face and teaching style past 6 months. I think you are making videos for physics. Now am also making more videos. If you have feel free please share my channel on your community post. All the best let's see soon.

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Great to hear it! Good luck with your channel :)

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[@ChadsPrep]

Still here - busy, busy. Thanks for asking!

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@@ChadsPrep Have you decided yet if your next playlist will be biochem, bio, or physics?

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Where is the organic chemistry?

[@ChadsPrep]

Hey Samrah, check out the organic playlist here kzbin.info/aero/PLMlqayk59IvrDL0v151TesyTA9-OjVjnQ

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i never said thank you....

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Chad: and you never will...

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