Outcrossing, linebreeding, & Inbreeding: Basics Part 1 (RC/COR not to be confused with COI)

[@MrEmman12]

Bruh this man explained in 15 minutes what took my college professors a semester to teach

[@gryndkommeted1362]

It's gonna take my smart ass a whole semester to really understand his 15 min lol. Gonna have to repeat this a few times to really be comfortable with the info is all.

[@zulukennels.kennels_fitnes2197]

🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@aardhond]

@@gryndkommeted1362 thats the way to do it ha

[@akshaynarwade7655]

What is this subject I mean where do they teach this kind of stuff I was just here for some info on breeding

[@blackboytank5348]

😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@MelRichardson-d8o]

Thank you for your dedication to this for creating the perfect dog

[@kirks22m]

Would like to see part 2. This has been very informative.

[@lukeryuzaki2328]

You're a super teacher. Easy, to the point.

[@lifeafternarcissism]

You greatly inspire me! I always wanted to become a breeder since I was a kid!

[@boylarasngcebu9751]

This video is very informative. Thank you!

[@k90211lee]

Very informative! Please post more videos like this.

[@jeepredboyrascallivefaceyo92]

GREAT VIDEO SENTINEL K9 I BEEN UP ALLNIGHT WATCHING YOURE VIDEOS ON BREEDING AND READING PEDIGREES NICE CONTENT

[@APBT-Bandog]

thanks

[@jeepredboyrascallivefaceyo92]

@@APBT-Bandog you're welcome

[@Smith-re6jq]

Great explanation sir.

[@SuperColeman88]

Wow. Connor picked up on the mistake when you were trying to figure the percentage through the fraction problem and I was still trying to download the entire process. I’m operating on dial-up in my brain. LOL

[@tritchie6272]

Math? I'm okay at 2 plus 2, but much beyond that give me a calculator. I used to be decent at reading Louise L'Amour Westerns though. To bad that don't make me better at math.

[@Nobody-wy2en]

It was amazing sir. Please make part 2

[@jenniferharris4085]

You just blew AOC's brain into a million pieces with a single video. Bravo mister, BRAVO

[@TheRootMessage]

University students will take several days to just learn what he explained in 15 minutes. Remember this quote: "Smart people create content to teach" ( real teachers ) "Dumb people force feed you repeated content" (government schools)

[@childofthemosthigh5485]

Alright now TRUE comments like this'll get you put on a watch list . GREAT COMMENT

[@dynamicjaethought7788]

True

[@NoName-rm3db]

Dumb dropouts post stupid comments on the internet. College professors are often well accomplished outside the classroom. And this is literally all repeated content. You think he invented these concepts? No he is merely repeating information he learned himself.

[@doyledepriest3645]

Could you do a video on establishing a linebreeding program.

[@rynaesart4230]

Thank you for this!! It really helped with a school project!!!

[@gurvinderchouhan4933]

Fascinating. Thank you for the video

[@jttp362]

Excellent video!!!!

[@pepessz32]

Amazing video! My question is, does the offspring of S2 + D can still be considered as F2?

[@The_Woof_Pack]

Good question.

[@TheNoahQ]

Yes F2

[@marvona3531]

Thanks from Germany 👍✳️👍✳️👍✳️

[@BigCshow]

Great video- basics-

[@alanowenby4245]

Thank you

[@MHs-b1t]

Love you and Honour sir... From Bangladesh, Asia

[@elir6178]

Is there a part 2 of this where you would go more in detail about how many generations of inbreeding to create a purebred ? I dont work with dogs but am still interested in genetics since i cross flowers. Thanks

[@juanvega6295]

I need to see him in person because I'm a little slower at understanding. I want to have a breed of a European doberman with a Dogo argentino, but I want them to be purebred. I'd call it a Dogopincher. I always assumed that if I breed a male and female, and vice versa, with 2 sets of each breed, then breed the first set with the second sets babies, that it would be a pure breed.

[@wooohoo2]

i bred brother /sister. mother/ son. father /daughter. still haven't gotten any two headed pit bulls yet..sigh

[@javiervaldez7381]

What aboit other health shit

[@mudslutmusic9052]

Never give up!!!

[@WittyViewer]

great explanation.

[@cryptojedi7119]

Great video mate ...... Could you make one about sib mating pls ? Half brother and half sister mating . Thanks

[@jeepredboyrascallivefaceyo92]

YOU THINK YOU COULD DO VIDEO ON PEDIGREE STATS .

[@APBT-Bandog]

sure

[@jeepredboyrascallivefaceyo92]

@@APBT-Bandog thank you

[@9millihoodz]

Wish you could make a video on sibling inbreeding

[@mikemikeakahook]

great teaching..

[@PrepperDino]

Very good videos. Question: What if you breed a granddaughter (C) to her grandfather (A)? Her father (B) is unrelated to grandparents on both sides. Her mother (D) is a daughter of the grandfather. Looking forward to your help.

[@LittleImpaler]

Don't do it. Go to another breeder for a different dog. Your risking it, because the lines are too related. You need to go outside the gene pool.

[@SmallTownXotics]

Thanks for the info 🤘🏻

[@arisgolseen2693]

What does it mean when "No common ancestry was found in 5 generations" ?

[@BEEZIEWLRD]

U have your own blood line

[@slytherin7109]

You’re your own grandpa

[@APBT-Bandog]

The dog is a product of complete outcrossing of unrelated individuals.

[@bando4lifellc]

GOOD INFO.......

[@ProLifeEnlighten]

There is no clear separation between inbreeding and linebreeding. Both terms are used to describe having the same ancestor on both the top and bottom of a pedigree (on both the sire and dam side), typically within the last few generations.

[@APBT-Bandog]

agreed; however, generally inbreeding is the term used when there is a 50% relationship such as parent-offspring or full-siblings.

[@ArrowheadBulldogsandBengals]

nice Job sir

[@rubenv8052]

So it's pretty much the same as if it were to be aunt with nephew, right???

[@aardhond]

This is really interesting even if you only maintain a type as i do .

[@vibratehigh89]

So is the father daughter considered line breeding? And the daughter uncle considered inbreeding?

[@stiggystiggy]

What about siblings from the same mother but different fathers.... can they be bred? The siblings with different fathers?

[@APBT-Bandog]

sure, half-siblings is a type of line breeding, and if the common parent is a good dog, it can work well. Just make sure the other parents that are not shared are solid in any areas the common parent could be improved on.

[@jakecvjeticanin5581]

This is excellent, not sure who gave it the thumbs down, but im glad they are in the minority.

[@ankitapal8523]

Superb

[@htleka6870]

More videos like this👍👍

[@Loarnold]

To my understanding, there is no way to know the percentage of genes from each parent. It is completely random in the sense that an offspring could get 70% of its “traits” from the mother, or 30%?

[@APBT-Bandog]

While it may appear that way for expressed traits, in reality it doesn't work that way, simply because if one considers all the loci and traits, and not just the highly visible ones, there are simply too many loci. Frequency approaches probability when the sample size is very high.

[@Loarnold]

@@APBT-Bandog I guess my confusion comes from human siblings dna testing. If the father is Irish and the mother is Mexican, one sibling can have 30% Mexican dna while the other has 70% Mexican dna. Wouldn’t this be the same in the puppies? And therefore they aren’t getting an equal 50% of their dna from each parent?

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@Loarnold That is based on the markers used in the testing, not the absolute measure itself.

[@Loarnold]

@@APBT-Bandog ok but why does a genetic dna test show my sister is 70% of my dads dna while I only have 30%?

[@jackholman5008]

​@Loarnold maybe your mom has some Irish DNA too from way back k almost like how some whites in America have acrican genes but don't look african at all

[@reyannbangit9361]

Hi. I just want to ask the pros and cons of breeding half brother/sister dog. Their mother is the same but they have different sire. Hope you notice. Thanks a lot and mor power!

[@jaredleicht1656]

I've bred half brother half sister before. And I've known many breeders who have. The pups will take after the grandmother in your case. They won't have her intelligence because that declines inbreeding but they will be strong in her characteristics and they will imprint those characteristics on their offspring. However.., inbreeding magnifies the bad characteristics also. A trait like growling another dog to protect food can turn into tearing each other's ears off over a bad look. My advice is don't inbreed unless they are the last two of a kind. Find a stud that's distantly related but not too close. Outside of 4 generations. As long as they are similar in type their offspring will be more than sufficient. Remember everything purebred is already related. So inbreeding should only be done with mutts to create a new line.

[@nlim03]

Quick question So when you were counting up the COR for option 1 (father daughter breeding), you counted up to only the parents (S1 and F). But when you were counting the COR for Option 2 (Uncle niece breeding), you counted up all the way until Grandparents (P1 and P2). Please correct me. Thank you

[@75vivektrivedi]

Can you breed 2 dogs from same father but different mothers??? Please help!!!!!

[@APBT-Bandog]

Of course you can, but before doing so you should know the common father needs to be an outstanding dog

[@75vivektrivedi]

@@APBT-Bandog yeah I think you can call him better than average Labrador I mean he has a broad face and very thick tale but I didn't know if he is outstanding or not .... And I am about to buy a new pup the father is same (the one I mentioned) but the female Labrador is little Bellow standard height do you think the biggest pup of litter will take on mother's height or father's???? Plzzz reply!!!!!!!

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@75vivektrivedi A lab isn't about head, tail, or show "size" standards. They were bred to be retrievers. They are working dogs. Have you ever worked the dog? If he retrieves, under what conditions, how far, how reliably, etc?

[@75vivektrivedi]

@@APBT-Bandog my current lab is 6 month old female and she does retrieve balls while playing I didn't get her with intension of any hunting although her entire family line has excellent temperament including dad and mom

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@75vivektrivedi I cannot support the breeding of a lab that has never been worked as a hunting dog. No offense...but I am a working dog enthusiasts that is interested in preserving working canines.

[@Markgotemtho]

So what would the 25% be thats leftover, if the sire is 75%? Is the dam the leftovet 25%? or is it a mixure of percentages that make up the leftover 25%?

[@ramietundagui3311]

How about the brother if breed them sir... Thank for info... God bless you more...

[@aces11368]

Great Info Thanks

[@raisingkanan4534]

Great Video…I‘m from germany and my english isn‘t the best but i totally got it. Thank you and love Ur program

[@TimJones-u5x]

Hello Mr Robinson. In your opinion as a breeder of dogs and a professor of Genetics. Is it ever ok to breed full sibling dogs?

[@APBT-Bandog]

"Ever"...yes, I do see a time and place for it...but it should only be done after a line is proven to be at very low risk of carrying genetic disease by observing its production history AND ALSO when the individuals that will be bred are of exceptional quality. That said, I do not like posting this because many people will read this and start doing full sibling breedings thinking it is ideal, when they have not first done their homework...and that is a good way to produce disastrous results. Despite decades of breeding that we have done, I can only recall doing a full sibling breeding twice.

[@kayjay842]

He's a beast

[@ekbergiw]

3:13 exponent

[@APBT-Bandog]

correct. thanks

[@galloscarlosyuniel4540]

Does this apply to poultry as well?

[@1tatylove]

Good stuff

[@bloodlovebullies8365]

Masterclass

[@aky19832001]

This is the same reason why if you take two F1 wolf hybrids that are 50% wolf %50 Dog with another F1 50/50. The litter will be vast and different. Since the cubs are capable of procreating viable animal that can recross back to a wolf and still produce viable breeding animals. You can have 1 cub being almost 100% dog like in behavior and his sibling being 100% wolf like. Matter of fact you'll see one puppy that may look more wolf like and the other sibling looking like a dog. Breeding 50% hyrbids will nearly always produce unpredictable animals genotpyically but 1/4 will be nearlly all wolf, 1/4 will be dog, 2/4 will be 50% hyrbids. You can't always use phenotype to dictate Genotype, because a dog cub from the 50% crosses may phenoptyically look wolf but genotpically be dog. and Vice Versa. It's a strange concept, but effectivelly you may have an all pure wolf or all pure dog...for the most part anyway.

[@Sk-zb5jm]

Hmmm interesting where can i get more of this information?

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@Sk-zb5jm any decent college text book on genetics.

[@Avozie]

What about brother and sister can u breed them?

[@APBT-Bandog]

Outcrossing is mating of unrelated individuals. Linebreeding is mating of individuals that are related less than immediate family. Inbreeding is mating of individuals within the immediate family...meaning individuals with a 50% COR, such as a mating between mother-son, father-daughter, or full siblings. If you do a full-sibling breeding, make sure both siblings are excellent and their parents and grandparents are also excellent. If so, then you will likely be okay.

[@gbgdrose4371]

Is there any chance of deformities? And if there is a chance which way is there less of a chance the dad or uncle

[@APBT-Bandog]

There is always a chance, and as one breeds tighter and tighter (which increases homozygousity), chances increase to see any type of genetic defect.

[@gbgdrose4371]

American Sentinel K9, LLC thank you

[@joshuam2154]

So i'm looking a dog who has on mom and dads side the same great great great grandpa...should I buy a different dog????

[@chloelaberge8606]

Same for all mammals?

[@angieday2912]

Thanks😊

[@connorgrant1220]

Does it matter for work purposes/is it common for a bandog to lose an upper canine tooth? As the bite power actually comes from the back of the jaw?

[@chiraqbandogsyukonmastiff6466]

Good lesson.. I have girl presa/bully kutta/boerbel/apbt male neo/apbt/bull mastiff.. n the offspring is differnt.different.. so I get this now from this lesson

[@richardwarren5580]

I have a female puppy. Her grandfather is my males father. But the grandmother is different. Would it be okay to breed them?

[@APBT-Bandog]

You would have to know the grandfather well...what were his strengths and weaknesses and did he have any offspring with any weaknesses.

[@richardwarren5580]

@@APBT-Bandog the grandfather/ father has amazing Traits. He has everything that I'm looking for in a Cane Corso. That's why we got our male. We just found out that his father is the grandfather to our female.

[@ddova2744]

What about breeding a half brother and sister? Same dad different moms

[@APBT-Bandog]

Depends on the quality of the dog, its ability, its health, the health of the offspring, and the pedigree.

[@terrysibley9636]

Common mother, mates with 2 brothers, two completely separate litters, what would the relationship be to breed a daughter from 1st litter, to son from 2nd litter.

[@PedroLopez-nd7lb]

Can you breed half brother and half sister same mother different father

[@APBT-Bandog]

yes. That is line breeding.

[@luckyleoo7]

What’s too high of a coi% in your opinion? What’s the highest you’ve gone? I am thinking of buying a pup with an estimated coi of 35%

[@APBT-Bandog]

It depends on the breed, and how much refinement has been done with the bloodline. The more refined the dog has been over time, then hopefully the more culling has already been done to remove detrimental traits. If COI is really high and it is done in just a few generations, then you are generally more likely to have issues than one would have with a high COI resulting from patiently refining over many generations. Generally, COI over 25% gets a little suspect, but you can be fine even up to the mid-30%. The highest I had was 37.5%, and while those dogs were healthy and active, the next generation began having fertility issues, so that told us it was time to outcross...or at least loosen up a bit on linebreeding, instead of tightly linebreeding or inbreeding...to back off a little.

[@luckyleoo7]

@@APBT-Bandog The mother is inbred to her father, the father is a half sister to the mother. They have the same mother but different fathers. The father is one generation behind the mother so everything else is pretty tight. If you understand what I am saying? So yes it has been done in just a few generations. Your thoughts ? I can send you the pedigree if you’re down to take a look at it and let me know your thoughts. ( The breed is Presa Canario )

[@RobotronOG]

What if the uncle is only related by the father ? So the two 1st brothers were only half brothers from 2 different litters and mothers

[@SanMiguelBulls]

Thank you very much

[@randybbbvaughn567]

How about half brother and half sister breeding. Both sharing the same sire.

[@Carrothers23]

Sorry my brain didnt keep up too well hahaha... Numbers :/ I understand most - I think the calculations is what gets me. Im trying to work out the percentage for a Dam for an upcoming litter has the father who's site for the litter is his grandad. No other lines connected. Parents 1 (M) grandad is Parents 2 (F) father. What would that work out to be for the future litter? Safe? Thank you

[@robertwatson469]

If we was to line breed greyhounds for racing would the speed still be passed through as a gene or would it be pot luck?

[@akirasexoticanimals9723]

Better chance of getting faster dogs if u breed the fastest dogs

[@TristianoLonaldo]

Is this true for horses?

[@chistorks8432]

So option one would be inbreeding and option two is line breeding.

[@lachanvirwalton4996]

Different litter same mom and dad. Can I do so? I have 9 month boy but his mom is about to have puppies from the same father

[@APBT-Bandog]

evaluate both dogs. Make sure they and their parents are free from genetic disorders, display the traits you desire, and perform well.

[@BioHypeMoe]

So If you breed a brother to a sister what’s the COR of the offspring? 50%?

[@APBT-Bandog]

RC (COR) = 50% COI = 25%

[@52Blue1]

What if you have a scatter bred female nut the grand dam is the direct dam to my my male what that be considered Line breeding and how would traits worked ie would the line bred genes 🧬 push out more?

[@waynehand8106]

This is fascinating do you have a link to part two

[@maxvain]

At what percentage of COR is it acceptable to breed related dogs?

[@APBT-Bandog]

Depends on the line and how healthy it is.

[@prawin8563]

Hello Sir..... this was nice video but what about pigeons breeding tips please reply sir

[@LifebyBrianAquatics]

What amount of COR would you say is acceptable to prevent problems with inbreeding? I've read that one shouldn't breed dogs with a COR of more than 12.5% (if I'm remembering correctly), but it seems that people do it all the time with little consequence.

[@APBT-Bandog]

All dogs have a COR of 50% of their parents....so your comment is incorrect. I suspect you are thing of COI, which is the coefficient of inbreeding...I have gone as high as 25% COI without any issues, but when I got to 37.5 COI I had a hard time getting a litter of pups out of her. If I used a male, I think that would have still been okay. That female had a COR of 87.5%

[@LifebyBrianAquatics]

I did indeed mean COI. Thank you for replying. I didn't realize the two terms weren't interchangeable. So, if one bred let's say a grandparent to their grandchild (12.5% COI), what would the COR of the puppies be? Assuming the grandparent is the father, and the grandchild is the mother. The puppy would have 1/2 the grandparent's DNA from it being the father, and 1/4 of the grandparent's DNA from its mother the grandchild, correct? So the COR between the puppies would be (1/2+1/4) = 3/4 or 75%? I feel like I'm making a mistake still.

[@neilsimpson9963]

American Sentinel K9, LLC i have a Male with the same father on both sides and a female with that same father on one side so that means too many times for them to breed?

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@neilsimpson9963, it doesn't work that simple. You have to look at the quality of the dog, and the health in the line. There is no short cut to learning genetics and performance testing. Asking a specific question won't give you the knowledge you need. If you need to spend more time learning more on the subject, I would recommend getting a book on the subject.

[@APBT-Bandog]

@@neilsimpson9963 the male cannot have a father on both sides. I guess you mean the male was out of a father daughter breeding...OR same grandfather on both side?

[@efrenarnold1106]

So sir it’s ok to breed the dad and daughter right ?

[@lezz1993]

Can you breed a grandson and granddaughter together? All dams are different the only constant is the grandfather which is the original sire. Is that considered in breading or line breeding?

[@APBT-Bandog]

That would be line-breeding; however, if you should do it or not depends on the bloodline. What do you know about it? Are there genetic defects? If so, who has them? You have to study the line. I don't have the time to do that work for you. Instead, I can only tell you what you need to do. There are no short cuts to doing the research and study required to becoming a good breeder.

[@koreyyearby8566]

i understood until he went into line breeding i need someone to explain to me ( Like I Am A Kindergarder ) Cause its so confusing to me i understand outcrossing and Inbreeding but linebreeding confusing me help

[@jayfranklin664]

It doesn’t get any more reputable than this.... Damn. Take notes ppl.

[@MajesticBred]

Part 2???

[@djosermarshall8971]

Do you guys think this goes the same way with breeding fish?

[@michaels4255]

Yes, fish too.

[@nelsongirao223]

So, would you say that it is not a big issue to breed father and daughter? and What about breeding brothers (male and female) that have different mother but the same father?

[@ShipWreck54]

Nelson Girao line breeding requires breeding father to daughter, granddaughter, great granddaughter, etc. Thats why it’s called Line breeding, because it’s genetically a straight line from the original sire. And each successive breeding imparts more of his genes into the offspring.

[@michaels4255]

@@ShipWreck54 Doesn't line breeding refer to breeding collateral lines, such as cousins? Father/daughter or full sibling/full sibling are usually referred to as inbreeding rather than line breeding. The closer the relationship, the more careful one must be to cull less than ideal animals. Even so, there will always be some long term risks from the Bakewell model, although it remains popular because it is fast, effective, and requires relatively few animals. However, some more cutting edge breeders argue for a slower approach that emphasizes assortative mating over inbreeding or line breeding since it does not reduce the breed's genetic diversity as much.

[@charlesguero2003]

1 main male.. 2 females (females not related). What would be the out come if I bred a male pup from female 1, and a female pup from female 2. Both pups have same father, different mothers. So basically half brother and sister. Or the Father (main male), with one of his daughters. I haven't don't this yet. 1st male pup is 6 months, female pup is 2 weeks. I just want to learn about this. Thank you

[@michaels4255]

Half siblings share one quarter of their genes just like uncles and nieces, so I expect the outcomes would be similar for these pairings.

[@swapnils_world]

Here which one is line breeding and which is inbreeding??

[@APBT-Bandog]

Outcrossing is mating of unrelated individuals. Linebreeding is mating of individuals that are related less than immediate family. Inbreeding is mating of individuals within the immediate family...meaning individuals with a 50% COR, such as a mating between mother-son, father-daughter, or full siblings.

[@meliodassin5862]

What if I breed 2 same mix breed laPom (lhasa -Pomeranian) would i have a chance to get a pup that is pure Pom or pure Lhasa?

[@johnhirst5659]

Are u crazy hahahahah

[@Godisnotjesus1967]

As i'm a novice can you tell me if mother&son mating is OK? I'm using common mixed dogs here in Philippines. Mother is currently having her second litter but many daddies. Now I'd like to start selective breeding and see if I can get a ofspring that look alike with good character.

[@Romans6.1-2]

Mother to son not good. Dad to daughter is ok

[@Godisnotjesus1967]

@@Romans6.1-2 seem that will take me long time. How about brother and sister

[@rottweiller8759]

Make me laugh son mother is not ok but dad to daughter is they are the exact same relation 50 percent to answer the first question 50 percent is too close in most people's eyes half siblings (25 percent of less)

[@kyrockhounder]

Have any of you watched the severity of diseases that that plague a purebred, if you want healthy beautiful dogs that will be healthy then stop inbreeding, I lost my beloved cocker spaniel from dcm due to health issues from inbreeding, I'm not ever buying another akc after learning that there inbreed just for show standards, not many people do shows, the dogs health should be first.

[@arvinjaylo7430]

Factorial gives me an headache :( Math jargons gives me the chill.

[@gryndkommeted1362]

I heard that but I wanna be better so I'm having to watch this 2 times now lol

[@michaels4255]

It might be easier to understand if you visualize it as pie chart, as he briefly did on the drawing board early in his lecture. Also, if you trace the genetic relationships remembering that at each step the relatedness drops by half, for example, sire to father to father's brother to father brother's son, that is three steps or 1 divided by 2 to the power of 3, that is, one eighth, the relatedness of the two first cousins. That is, the son will share have the genetic pie chart with this father; then the son will share one fourth of the pie chart with the father's brother because even though the brothers share half their genes with each other and with their sons, it is not the same half, just half of a half will be in common between uncle and nephew; and finally one eighth of the pie chart will overlap with his cousin. Or to think of it another way, 2 first cousins will each inherit one fourth of their genes from their 2 shared grandparents (one eighth from each shared grandparent=one fourth), but not the same one fourth. About half of the genes they inherit from their grandparents will be shared (one half of one fourth=one eighth), and the other half of the one fourth will be non - overlapping between the 2 cousins.

[@johnjohnson8752]

Ok after you breed farther and daughter there Pups would be 75% how do we get there pups to get to 100%

[@alvinalvin3893]

How about half brother and half sister. Same both sire

[@jodyknows5501]

Can i breed uncle to niece dog? The female dogs mom is my male dog brother

[@wailalaun7256]

What's a safe co-efficient relationship?

[@tiffanislone3488]

Any relationships with 2 generations between them