An Exploration of Exomoons

Today I climbed into my little spaceship and flew somewhere no one has ever been before. Join me as I make the first exploration of exomoons!

[@uniter343]

Cool, i think it's the right decision to have space videos back on the main channel. They provide variety and reach more people.

[@ohkadn]

HUMAN SUPREMACY WE LOVE SPACE ❗️💯🙏🗣❗️❗️❗️

[@thebeeemill]

Agree, glad it’s all on here

[@Zeckenschwarm]

There is another channel?

[@thebeeemill]

@@Zeckenschwarm he started another channel called Astro Pro to separate his space content and his earth geography content, but he just reposted his atlas pro space videos there and made one unique video for the channel then it kinda dried up

[@Lemon10.5]

I miss Astro pro. If he uploads all his space vids on there he’d get loads of us to sub. Pls make some vids for it atlas!

[@KhAnubis]

Three habitable ocean moons orbiting a gas giant? Sounds like a new worldbuilding idea

[@AtlasPro1]

The world's already out there, you just gotta discover it!

[@sizanogreen9900]

I think a big part about ocean world habitability might be wether or not the oceans are in direct contact with a rocky surface or at least have vulcanic activity circulate minerals and stuff into it. Otherwise I suspect they might be watery deserts not totally but almost completely hostile to life. So you'd rather want Ocean worlds with comparatively low water levels. I think in our solar system Europa would still qualify as might enceladus while callisto and ganimede might not. Then again I am just regurgitating what I heard on other channels so who really knows. It's all speculation anyways.

[@goidman]

Tbf, it could be argued that Bionicle did a very similar idea for worldbuilding

[@creatorsremose]

Not really new. There're a few books and bad movies with the idea. All draw heavy inspiration from Atlantis and Earth aquatic life. So something original would be refreshing.

[@ericl1332]

@@AtlasPro1 you should send you video to @CoolWorldsLab

[@ashstolley]

New atlas pro drop is always a good day!

[@Bc232klm]

*scroll,scroll,scroll..* Oh shit, new Atlas!!!

[@DodgerX]

Astro

[@vinniepeterss]

space atlas

[@DerpyHoovesy]

I'm so so happy to see more space videos. These are my absolute favourite and I was sad to see your secondary channel not so active. Glad to see them here!

[@AtlasPro1]

They just take so long to make, needing to fly between all these different places!

[@under6075]

He hasent uploaded a single video on their in over a year💀

[@bobbobby3085]

@@AtlasPro1Upload more vids on Astro Pro and also for this channel can you do some more geology content you’ve only made 2 geology vids and I’d love to see more. Also has your fossil collection increased since then and have you found a sea scorpion yet?

[@WoodyLing2]

I went to the Texas Star Party eclipse event and there was an astronomer there, David Kipping, who works at Columbia University and has 3 days of observations with JWST in October that could potentially be the first exomoon confirmation! He explained all his research and why they selected their specific observation, basically it's be best candidate there is, and they'll be using the transit method but to ensure it's a moon it needs to have a consistent dip of lighting relative to the exoplanet. Or something. 😂 But in October we may have confirmation!

[@hannahbrown2728]

Do you know about his channel the cool worlds lab?

[@zachthomas8597]

David Kipping also has a KZbin channel, Cool Worlds, that discusses this sort of stuff.

[@TRYCLOPS1]

Dang

[@rJaune]

That is so cool! I was so happy to hear he got time on JWST time to look for Exomoons. Hope you enjoyed the eclipse!

[@paulinalevina9690]

He also has a KZbin channel, Cool Worlds

[@MotoHikes]

Professor Kipping from Cool Worlds is somewhat an authority in this field. I love his content (as well as yours, of course!)

[@konstantinhorizon]

I love your videos, they are really like those NatGeo or Discovery channel programmes I used to watch as a kid. I appreciate your work, it feels kinda nostalgic. Thank you!

[@rex9412]

cool worlds is a youtuber who is a professor at idk which one, a US university who runs the lab for exomoons and how we could find them. last i remember they couldn't get any time with the james web telescope so haven't found any but their models show they should be able to find them at the locations they wanted to look at if there are any. also i love that space engineers is now big enough that you got images of the character im guessing when you googled astronaut what ever idk what you would use to get something of that style. makes me happy cause i love that game. that or you play the game which is also cool. edit: rewatching the bits that had it im guess that they are just the first 3d model that comes up. or at least is easily used in a lot of thing as i know it is usable in source film maker (I've seen it in another video that i know used source film maker) and VRage 2 cause thats the engine the game runs off of.

[@PingSharp]

I was going to mention him. He has dedicated his life to exomoons. Huge respect to him.

[@unvergebeneid]

David Kipping, the person you speak of, got their newest application for JWST time approved!

[@Uncerte]

www.youtube.com/@CoolWorldsLab

[@BurningheartofSILVER]

Bro comes back every episode with an insane level up to his animations 👩🏽‍🍳🤌💋

[@mvw9078]

Love the Space Engineer engineers helping you out on your journey!

[@AtlasPro1]

Couldn't do this without them!

[@doltsbane]

If you're looking for ideas for a future space video, I'd love to see one on what the climate and weather would be like on a terraformed Mars. The distribution of landmasses, the shallowness of its ocean basins, the lack of a stabilizing moon that would also tidally stir its oceans, the height and density of its atmosphere, the gravity, the eccentricity and distance of its orbit, the basaltic nature of its surface rocks, there's so many factors that would be wildly different from Earth and would surely produce radically different results.

[@AllSeerAugustus]

Nice to see a change from all the island videos. Enjoying the content.

[@bowenmadden6122]

But are moons & planets not just islands in their own right? Clearly, they must all be inhabited by birds

[@kimemia_maina]

Can islands be Terramoons?

[@twojacksandanace3847]

Space Islands

[@OwlRTA]

Can't believe Caelan went into deep space just for a KZbin video. What a guy!

[@gregoryturk1275]

😂😂

[@sp_ce.]

I think it’s fairly hard to actually overheat a moon. Io is the only example of this in the solar system and it orbits Jupiter, an extremely large planet that has a mass of over 300 earth masses, and does so at about the same distance of our moon.

[@shardana7422]

In a panspermian way, moons and planets could be islands as well... Thanks for the great video!

[@haavard44]

I love how you measured the water in ZL (zettaliters) instead of something weird like billions of cubic kilometers (apparently it's illegal to use anything above kilo for meters. Fun fact: 1 zettaliter = 1 cubic megameter) It's so nice to see someone actually using the really big metric prefixes for once. Small details like this is exactly why i love this channel so much!

[@michaeljf6472]

Surely the Dr. Kipping's Cool Worlds Lab approves of this content

[@hirosoli]

This was fantastically done! On par with anything I've seen on Nova! Great Job!

[@handlemonium]

Don't sweat it! Cool Worlds Lab is right behind ya! 😁

[@KylarRaynor]

Planetary Twilight, layers of oceans separated by a sphere of ice.. slapped my head so much my dog whined 😲

[@dellie9761]

exomoon? i sure do hope this isnt a recruitment ad for a certain company that might be lethal to work in

[@AizenSosuke-zi6dj]

what the hell is asuka doing on here

[@GmodPlusWoW]

I can already hear Brendaniel aggressively telling the Mimic to challenge him to a rap-battle.

[@Numba003]

This one was a bundle of fun! Thank you. As a big space nerd, I greatly appreciate this sort of speculation. There are so many possibilities out there! God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

[@sirsquid577]

I could be wrong I swear I heard that our Moon actually does have an atmosphere, just an extremely sparse one that's so small that it essentially acts like there isn't an atmosphere.

[@Rockzilla1122]

Yes, these are referred to as exospheres and are produced when volatile organic compounds, frozen oxygen, and frozen water are released by solar and cosmic radiation that hit the moon's regolith

[@seoulbrotherno1]

Excellent video! This exomoon hypothesis overcomes two obstacles to habitability: 1. Tidal lock for Red Dwarf Stars, and 2. The disproportionate number of gas giants (which are most likely lifeless) that we've discovered. For Red Dwarf stars, exomoons around a gas giant may also be more protected from stellar volitility by their host planet's large magnetosphere. However, if a moon is inside of a gas giant's magnetosphere, wouldn't that mean the surface would get bombarded by radiation? (Radiation via Van Allen belts...)

[@Train_Eat_Rest_Repeat]

Big poo poo 🤔

[@Dragrath1]

While it has been generally assumed that magnetospheres may protect re dwarf planets from their stars stellar fits modeling of the magnetic environment of many low mass M dwarf stars has found that the so called habitable zone for liquid water around these stars falls within the Alfven sphere of the star the region known more generally as the stellar corona where the stars magnetic fields can drive loops of plasma to rise up far above the surface and interact via direct magnetic reconnection events between those plasma loops the process responsible for generating coronal mass ejections and stellar flares. The consequence of this is that rather than acting as a protective shield magnetic forces would be capable of driving direct reconnection events between the star and the planet with the planets magnetic field acting more like a lightning rod for solar flares and coronal mass ejections with the epicenter of energy release being the unfortunate planet. Thus far the published results of JWST's observations of these low mass M dwarf stars planets transit light curves is most consistent with the no atmosphere model which is what would be expected if these kinds of direct reconnection events occur. Though only a limited number of these observations made during the proprietary period of observations have been published yet it is thus far not off to a very promising start for these low mass M dwarf stars.

[@Train_Eat_Rest_Repeat]

@@Dragrath1 small poo poo

[@lukasbelov3669]

Wow props to the camera guy for taking videos of the space craft and moons 😯

[@gtbkts]

Thanks for the awesome videos and all the amazing content!

[@Captmuch]

Another excellent vid! Thank you !

[@R.-.]

Very informative, thank you!

[@DaFwizz3900]

one of my absolute favorite vids from you. keep up the stellar work!

[@davestrider2766]

thank you for taking the time to explore lol, I love your astronomy videos

[@bigsarge2085]

Always interesting!

[@MinedMaker]

I would love to see a follow-up or a rework of your undersea deep ocean geography video with more details about fans and undersea rivers. Maybe a collab with geologist Myron Cook? He's incredibly knowledgeable and has also done a video on the topic.

[@johnbennett1465]

The habitable zone is based on having enough heat to have liquid water. It is possible to balance the excess heat from tidal heating with the reduced heat from being past the solar habitable zone. So having a large moon at the correct distance from Jupiter could have water on its surface. I don't know if it would have its atmosphere stripped, but playing with the sizes and distances should allow a habitable combination.

[@schadenfreude000]

You're ignoring that a moon within the range from Jupiter to have enough tidal heating for liquid water would be well within Jupiter's radiation belt. We know this because Europa, which is already far enough away to be frozen over, is still within Juputer's radiation belt. The consequence is that the radiation would sterilise the surface and also evaporate any liquid water present. It would just be rock.

[@johnbennett1465]

@@schadenfreude000 this is why I included the second paragraph saying you might have to play around with the sizes and distances to get a combination that actually works.

[@GetAgripp]

Glad to see some space videos back on the main!!

[@vernepavreal7296]

excellent video excellent content and duration and as a blind subscriber I can assure you that the dialogue was sufficient for even the acoustically attuned Thanks Cheers

[@kyle__riker]

Absolutely love the Astro Pro idea! 🚀

[@axeldaval3410]

Such a cool perspective!

[@grumpyguy7464]

I like the use of the SpaceEngineer character models

[@Shadow_Drip]

Happy to see you talking about exomoons, they've gotta be one of my favorite potentials in space!!

[@7r3v0rc]

I love this journey!

[@MrMackievelli]

Tidally locked doesnt mean star light never sees the dark side as you implied. Furthermore nothing says an exo-moon couldnt be as large as mars, venus or Earth.

[@yumyum7196]

god, I love this channel

[@yttryff6159]

You have revolutionized a tiny little bit of sci-fi

[@Bc232klm]

This just makes me think of the chance of life starting on a moon and migrating to Earth.

[@mangogo44]

Cool Worlds in the best channel (and team) about exomoons

[@cherrytopstick6295]

Haven’t seen this channel in a while ngl thank god bro’s still making content

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

I love your content whether it's earthbound or stellar forward.

[@vinniepeterss]

great video as always

[@haldir108]

Stellar video :)

[@kingace6186]

Damn. This made me realize that I have been severely limiting myself with my science fiction stories. Exomoons are too underrated.

[@Fabianwew]

Great video

[@dustman96]

Well done, well done.

[@TopRanky]

Back again watching the best channel on KZbin

[@kaibalonek2916]

I loved this video! The cosmos-like style (I watched the Neil DeGrass Tyson series) was really nice to see going on in the video.

[@AlanmanAaron]

this one was a particularly excellent video

[@InvertedGigachad]

16:10 something tells me that moon is inhabited by 200.000 life forms, with a million more well on the way.

[@DKforever24]

While I don't disagree with the desire to search for habitable exomoons around gas giants, due to there being far more moons than planets in a given star system, is that there was a failure to factor in the size and/or solar output of the host star that said Jovial planets and their exomoons would orbit. My guess is that there was an assumption that the host star is a "yellow" dwarf, similar to our own host star. The problem here is its far more likely to find dual or even triple star systems than it is single star systems. Large gas giants also tend to have magnetic fields so powerful that they trap absurd amounts of radiation, not only produced by the gas giant itself, but also the radiation captured from the host star, the combination of which would wholly prevent any chance of life from forming on any exomoon that orbits it. (I think it was the Cassini probe that brought a Gieger counter with it and measured Jupiters' radiation output) The only counter to this is if the exomoon itself had a strong enough magnetic field to keep out said radiation, which would change all the variable previously discussed. Personally, with all that in mind, I think we should be looking for habitable exoplanets instead of exomoons, so let me explain: 1) There are far, far more Red Dwarf stars in the galaxy than there are stars of any other type. 2) Red Dwarf star systems tend to not have enough material during its early formation to support gas giants, as gas giants tend to migrate inward towards their host star, preventing the formation of, destroying, or even kicking out any potential rocky planets. 3) Red Dwarfs tend to be single star systems and support more rocky worlds in its system than stars of other types. 4) While Red Dwarfs do also tend to be far more active than larger stars, the rocky planets that orbit them, on average, are at least Earth-sized, so are far more likely to have strong magnetic fields to keep out the intense radiation from its host star (unlike exomoons, which tend to be Mercury-sized at best and aren't capable of producing a magnetic field strong enough to keep out radiation from its host star, or even their host gas giants). I welcome any constructive criticism or rebuttals. I would like to be proven wrong.

[@Space30MINUTES]

It's great to watch a video that feels like a movie or a story like this. And I'm doing the same with my channel. 1 story. THAT is what everyone needs.

[@ethanblanke6873]

Space Engineers surprise cameo, never thought I’d see them here

[@mollytroll1621]

This makes me happy! I love that your videos are actually accurate and not just clickbaity, that's more than can be said about many astronomy channels on yt :))

[@mfnamed._rudy]

This is so cool!!!!

[@sergeykuzmichev8064]

Amazing video yet again Ur channel is very versatile and ur delivery feels very personal without delving into the parasocial Looking forward to more!

[@trippen4819]

Good to see the Astro Pro logo again!

[@waldencerneka2287]

This is great

[@talon9639]

I really do like your videos

[@caelan0D]

Love the regular videos soo much! but this is hitting my childhood wonder and am excited one of my fave YTber is also talking abt space!

[@lorenzoventura7701]

What a fashinating topic, sir

[@Mx12b]

I love that your friends are just space engineers lol

[@LibertarianLeninistRants]

Those are some Cool Worlds, if you know what I mean

[@JesPulido]

Your videos are so cool

[@zombiedalekweck2243]

Thought I might as well bring this up... There is a species of frog, the Siamophryne troglodytes, which is primarily adapted for cave life. So there is infact another Apex Predator that lives primarily in caves. (SINCE IN THE VIDEO IT WAS JUST SALAMANDERS) It is a species of frog found in Thailand, specifically only in a small limestone cave. Although not as fair adapted as the Oln or Texas Blind Salamander, it is quite adapted for that lifestyle. Supports the theory that caves support amphibians the most.

[@leandersearle5094]

I hope you appreciate the amount of danger you put yourself in on this expedition. You brought three Space Engineers with you! Three! It's a wonder you came back at all! Or worse, came back demonetized!

[@KillerAceUSAF]

Damnit man! Im going to be right now!

[@GeodeRegan22]

I get dopamine every time you upload!! I always learn something cool and new when you do :D Thank you for doing what you do!

[@fabiomorandi3585]

Moons of tidally locked gas giants have a pretty big catch: their parent planets would have, for their size, a tiny sphere of gravitational influence, which means said planets would not only have way fewer moons than more classic examples of their kind but also that their likely lonesome major moon would be an Io analog.

[@FleshWizard69420]

Not to mention a tidally locked gas giant likely is extremely close to it's star, resulting in both planet and moon getting blowtorched

[@dignelberrt]

I'm very excited for the Europa Clipper mission, been looking forward to it since it was announced

[@tyler___3]

10/10 video great work atlaspro

[@hugoh1614]

At one point I felt like watching a new Cosmos series narrated by Carl Sagan, well done, it was a fantastic work. (Kudos for the Vangelis style background music).

[@SIZModig]

Good timing for an upload!

[@mariovwcardoso5970]

@Atlaspro I'm a bit disappointed that you didn't manage to arrange for an interview on the topic with the leading astronomer on exo-moons research. He even has a youtube channel with his research team... cool worlds lab.

[@shawnlewis1085]

Great video, the planetary twilight factor is rarely ever mentioned and yet is a potentially critical factor in overcoming the issues of tidal locking. And the idea of a Jupiter/Saturn analog at say 1 AU from its star, with the possibility of a panspermia multi-moon ecosystem is a fascinating one.

[@metcas]

If it's one thing I've learnt in this video above all else -- Riess is very assuring.

[@jvjjjweitzel153]

Star Wars called it. Yavin IV (a moon) The forest MOON of Endor

[@pacotaco1246]

Exomoon exploration is seriously underfunded. I'm glad you're using the channel to spread exomoon knowledge. The Cool Worlds Lab channel is run by astrophysicists and they have lots of videos on exomoons they study and want to study

[@danielle78730]

informative and well-done video (as per your usual!)-and soooo happy to have this channel back! my only (quite minor) comment about the production here is that the music (while *awesome*…ie, i put on headphones for it!) might be just a tad too loud-maybe by a click or two…

[@MinedMaker]

Can't believe you made a video about exomoons, this is awesome! This video has given me a much deeper understanding of "planetary habitable zones" and how the relative factors conspire to determine an exomoons conditions. One thing I'm still a little confused about is the relationship between the stellar and the planetary habitable zone. Is it really the case that for an exomoon to be considered a reasonable candidate for life, it must inhabit both at the same time? Also - obligatory David Kipping shout-out, he must be giddy over this video :)

[@mikezizis3725]

I love this thank you so much! Titan and Luna both molten cores. Although I can't tell you how much water is contained by the moon probably billions of tons, I can tell you that water likes to proceed toward a center of gravity. That means that a moon with a semi molten core makes liquid water ice. Bacteria and archea could easily exist by eating rocks etc. ... "What is the Moon made of? Just like Earth, the Moon can be divided into the crust, mantle and core. At its very centre, the Moon has a solid iron core with a temperature of between 1,327°C and 1427°C. This is hot enough to create a surrounding molten liquid iron outer core, but not hot enough to warm the surface." The Moon | Natural History Museum Natural History Museum

[@henningschafer6712]

that was sooo interesting

[@Rose-yx6jq]

The ship in the thumbnail is cool.

[@ZECRA602]

The King Returns

[@losfogo7149]

I had the privilege of doing an exam of potential exobiology and do a brief research on Titan and it's hydrocarbon ecosystem. The fact that there's a non null probabilty there's methane based life on there it's absurd, and there's a high probability that most of the amminoacids and adenine can be synthesized with gamma rays hitting tholines is astounding. Of course i'm not saying alien life is real or probable, but i's fascinating nonetheless. The methane injection in the atmosphere is not of known nature and it's speculated that it could either be coming from the inner parts of Titan or as a byproduct of hydrocarbon metabolism. Also it snows benzene and there's carsic phenomena derived from methane corroding the benzene depositing on the coasts of methane lakes i mean that's so cool

[@TheGrammarPolice7]

*its hydrocarbon ecosystem. *non-null probability. *methane-based life. *is absurd. *amino acids. *I'm. *it's fascinating. *it could be coming either from... or as a byproduct. *, I mean, that's so cool. Nine mistakes. Please do better.

[@losfogo7149]

@@TheGrammarPolice7 I'm not a native speaker writing from smartphone with a broken screen. I think I done good enuff

[@AtlasPro1]

Titan is by far the most fascinating of this solar system's moons! Liquid bodies on its surface give it so much potential!

[@losfogo7149]

@@AtlasPro1 and also it's atmospheric chemistry is wildl

[@Rockzilla1122]

​@@TheGrammarPolice7 hock ptoo

[@Klyis]

Nice to see a fellow Space Engineer :) I do agree that moons are better candidates for finding extraterrestrial life but I see a potential problem with ocean moons. Without landmasses there would be few sources of minerals and nutrients that life needs to survive and evolve. So aside from deep sea hydrothermal vents I think there is a high chance that ocean worlds would be mostly barren and devoid of life. Ideally you'd still want a mostly rocky moon where geologic activity and ocean currents could move nutrient rich water into the epipelagic zone.

[@alejandrobrand4662]

I would love to use this on a science fiction setup >:3

[@clmk28]

exomoon habitable zones are really cool. I think there is a greater possibility of habital exomoons are more common.

[@themsdosnerd]

It is possible (just a hypothesis) that moons play an important role in the formation of life on terrestrial planets. Moons cause tides in oceans and in the atmosphere basically stirring all the chemicals inside it. This causes more collisions, and therefore increases the chance that the right chemicals react to form life.

[@tysonmcjunkin708]

He’s back!

[@kieranelliott5607]

Space Atlas Pro is my favourite Atlas Pro.

[@jenbanim]

18:05 - the reason most of the terrestrial exoplanets we've discovered are tidally locked is because those are the easiest to detect. It is wrong to assume that most exoplanets are tidally locked because most of the exoplanets we see are tidally locked and this should be more clearly communicated Radial velocity, transit, and astrometry all are heavily biased towards detecting planets with a large mass relative to their parent star because it makes the signal stronger. Additionally because the data collected by these methods relies on seeing a pattern appear over many orbits there is a bias towards discovering exoplanets with short orbital periods, ie ones close to their parent star. Selection bias and other hidden systematic errors are the bane of astronomy

[@Talon19]

My favorite science fiction stories are about the sociological impacts of discovering primitive life on the water moons in the Sol system. How do religions respond to not being a unique genesis? Are these new lifeforms given protection similar to endangered species? Will there be interplanetary poachers trying to capture the new rarest creature?

[@IWouldLikeToRemainAnonymous]

Amazing video! Sorry I couldn't catch it sooner! My only worry with water worlds, be they moons or planets is that the immense height of water above the rocky ocean bottom might eventually create enough pressure to prevent black smokers and other geologic activity from happening or happening as readily and abundantly... The frozen-over water worlds, since they wouldn't have access to photosynthesis life would have little reason to venture away from the bottom and towards the surface. At worst, there's no life because the black smokers couldn't do their magic the way they did on Earth. At best, there's an abundance of life and even surface life but no terrestrial life so no fire and no intelligent advanced civilization. Somewhere in the middle, the lifeforms that do emerge are almost exclusively bottom dwellers and base their entire ecosystem of chemosynthesis.