Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary System

Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary System
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#Anatomy#Physiology#Urinary
0:00 Introduction
0:05 Functions of the Urinary System Removes metabolic waste Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Regulates plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium chloride, etc. Helps to stabilize blood pH Conserves valuable nutrients
1:52 Organs/Tissues of the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra
2:47 Kidney Anatomy 2 kidneys, on either side of the spine between T2 and L, left kidney is slightly superior to the right one • Stabilized in place by surrounding connective tissue Reddish brown, about 10 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a mass of 150 g • Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pyramid Major/minor calyx
6:41 Blood Flow to Kidneys • In healthy individuals, over 1 liter of blood flows through the kidneys each minute! Receive blood through renal arteries -Segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries...afferent arterioles supply nephrons • Blood leaves through renal veins
9:27 Nephrons Microscopic, tubular structures in the cortex of kidneys that do the filtering of blood and production of urine • 1.25 million nephrons per kidney!
12:40 Glomerular Filtration Glomerular capillaries are fenestrated Blood pressure forces water and small solutes across the membrane and into the capsular space • Some important nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins) can also pass through - These are reabsorbed in the PCT
17:28 Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Differs from the PCT because of a small diameter and lack of microvilli Important for 3 basic processes: - Actively secretes ions, acids, drugs, toxins - Selectively absorbs sodium and calcium ions - Selectively absorbs water
18:35 Collecting System Some final filtration, secretion, and reabsorption Now, concentrated urine passes through the collecting duct, which merge into papillary ducts • The fluid empties into the minor calyx which leads
21:16 Approx. 95% water...what else is in it? Urea: very abundant, comes from the breakdown of amino acids - Creatinine: comes from the breakdown of creatine phosphate (from muscles) - Uric acid: formed from the recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA - Urobilin: a byproduct of the
24:55 Ureters • Pair of muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder Firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall - 3 tissue layers: inner mucosa, muscular layer, and
26:08 Urinary Bladder Hollow, muscular organ that is a temporary reservoir for urine
27:48 Urethra Extends from the neck of the urinary bladder and transports urine out of the body Longer in males than females External urethral sphincter - Voluntary control Micturition

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Great video! Correction: renal pyramids at the cone, shaped pyramids within the renal medulla where the urine exits to the papilla then to the minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, so on and so forth.

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You said that they are held together by the peritoneum among other tissues but I think the kidney is retroperitoneal

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[@LyrraAskavi]

Great video with one necessary correction. Urine is NOT sterile. Look up " Urine is Not Sterile: The Urinary Microbiota of Overactive Bladder Patients"

[@junczhang]

well yea. but its a fairly recent study, so it probably didnt have a chance to catch up yeat.

[@LyrraAskavi]

While it is recent, it is still prior to when this video was posted and is still an important correction.

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Perhaps he meant to say the renal pelvis? 🤔

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interlobular or cortical radiate are just before the afferent arterioles

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