Antiepileptics/Seizure Pharmacology

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My goal is to reduce educational disparities by making education FREE.
These videos help you score extra points on medical school exams (USMLE, COMLEX, etc.)
For educational purposes only; NOT medical or other advice.
Some videos contain mild profanity and hyperbole solely used to assist with memorization. Viewer discretion advised.
Opinions are entirely my own.

[@DirtyMedicine]

The mechanism of Levetiracetam has been better clarified since I originally made this video. The mechanism is still somewhat unknown, but it's thought that the drug binds to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). SV2A is a part of secretory vesicle membranes that is involved in calcium-dependent vesicular neurotransmitter release. Thus, binding SV2A appears to decrease the rate of vesicle release.

[@TheBigBrainBusters]

Very accurate, and in addition, by binding to SV2A, it regulates the release of both glutamate and GABA, by increasing GABA release and decreasing glutamate. Other than that, somewhat it also inhibits the N-type calcium channels at the presynaptic neurons, thus decreasing release of neurotransmitters. Otherwise thank you dirty medicine for this amazing video, i have learnt alot

[@karineeskandar1352]

I have an extended mnemonic for SJS: APPLE PCS A-llopurinol P-henitoin P-henobarbital L-amotrigine E-thosuximide P-enicillin C-arbamazepine S-ulfonamides Hope it helps. ;)

[@alhasanmd7305]

Karine Eskandar i literally went down to the comments to look if someone wrote all drugs...thank you so much

[@kevinrai87]

legend

[@heidih3048]

extremely helpful, thank you

[@Mr.MAS24]

Very helpful thanks

[@zvikomboreromukamba3389]

It does help.🤗

[@TheNaba87]

I thought this would definitely be on here....BEN likes it more frequent, BARB likes it longer....talking about chloride channels of course! You will never forget!

[@simeonwoubshet1678]

I shall never forget this ✊🏽

[@simeonwoubshet1678]

I shall never forget this ✊🏽

[@TheGhadaelarbash]

lol this is funny...i swear the medical comment sections are as good as the videos.

[@harisrahman545]

barbituwaits

[@Ocus]

He has this on the substance abuse video he prob just didn't want to reuse the same one

[@mariajahan6137]

I would like to correlate this great video with Levetiracetam mechanism of action (with mnemonic) which is known now Levetiracetam- is modulation of synaptic neurotransmitter release by binding to SV2A SV2A (street vagabond) levitate 2 Attract

[@cucumbermelon6166]

There are reports that one of the major tests is asking where in the brain specifically ethosuximide works and the answer is the thalamus (T type channels).

[@davidhenry1156]

I'm on huge dose of anti epileptic meds(Keppra,Lamictal,and Clobizam)i'm talking in the grams dosage and get bad side effects and i can feel the literal pressure on my brain and get memory loss and or badly depressed when i go a few days without a seizure but the Dr's refuse to lower the dosage i was @ a number of years back when i was 95+% steady,only for my last consultant to change to every other tablet and combination out there".I was on Keppra and Lamictal when nearly steady but @ a much much lower dosage.

[@heidih3048]

@@davidhenry1156 Can you see another doctor and describe this whole history? That may help

[@renee1996ful]

levetiracetam has a mechanism now- it binds to a synaptic vesicle protein(SV2A) to modulate the release of GABA and Glutamate.

[@WhyNot-si4pj]

Actually reducing the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate NOT the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA ! Hence ; the anti - epileptic effects of the drug are anti - excitatory ones !

[@thebradoctor]

What a Gift you have for teaching! God bless you above and beyond all you can ever imagine! Thanks is not enough to express my gratitude for your videos!

[@jalpapatel7169]

Thanks for this video. You made these drugs incredibly easy. All of Your videos are Straight to the point. Love it!

[@husnainahmed6716]

I just started watching this channel and man your videos are great! Makes pharma so much easier, thanks so much!

[@moonystars6303]

Thanks for the great video!! Can you guys make one on Anesthetic agents and properties? Like understanding MAC, solubility and all for different agents?

[@ilovegod0106]

Bless you! Thanks for the great break down

[@irenakerr2490]

I remember Phenytoin SE as TOIN (toying) with the PHaces (face... gingival hyperplasia and fetal hydantoin synd)

[@sobster123]

THANK YOU finally someone with honest advise on learning this, couldn't word it any better haha

[@hadeelhassenaltalhi5365]

I just thought of this while watching the video Mercedes Benz (Benzodiazepines) are Fast (Frequency). Not dirty but its noice lol

[@tofunmioshodi8911]

That's a good one! Thank you

[@Frisson391]

Hmmm. But Mercedes last so long. You must of meant chlordiazepoxide. Definitely Not Xanax

[@triciaobrien2683]

Barb wants it longer (duration) but Ben wants it more frequently .

[@nelsonlouis5491]

Thank you so much for these videos! You make studying usmle so simple and interesting :) keep up the good work

[@archanabottu665]

THANK YOU! I was having trouble with this.

[@victormanuel1977]

14:57 Vigabatrin Permanent visual loss (black box warning)

[@droopingsnoot2761]

I love these videos I’m learning something and laughing my ass off at the mnemonics at the same time

[@tearragunter3803]

I NEEDED THIS! THANK YOU!

[@lynseylinderman5246]

Excellent video! My pharm test is Monday and I will definitely remember antiepileptics!

[@dasuberpanda]

Topiramate also works on AMPA so I remember Tampa Florida is next to the beach, where the water is salty and people are in good shape (it causes weight loss) AND they're feeling good (its also used for migraine)

[@ahmedghoneim2395]

YOU ARE THE BEST !!!

[@ughsirius]

Thank you so much!! Extremely helpful

[@foodiesworldUSA]

Salams! Thank you ❤ for the amazing content!

[@raddo6161]

Thanks. This video is amazing 👍

[@brahmaputramoskva1215]

Benzo short form is BZD which is similar to Hz,hence increases freq of chloride channel

[@tahseenmunshi6255]

Please do a video on endocrine phys/ disorders! And an extended rapid high yield pharm!

[@mdgp826]

Good job

[@eugenioasanchezperez1406]

thank you this is a topic that has me really weird out before test day, hope it helps, let you all know

[@kareenfulla8093]

Thank you 🙏

[@chulikhordeng8919]

Outstanding video

[@parth9640]

For all bollywood fans Salman Khan have trigeminal neuralgia You all know CAR incident (carbamazepine) You also know SHOOTING incident(shooting pain)

[@soniababu7193]

dirty telling me to calm down at the beginning of the video really made me tear up

[@abd-animation-22]

Thank you so much

[@drswetaruparel]

Very helpful !!! Thanks 👍

[@monika246]

Thankyou so much....one help needed...please put video of antidiabetic drug!!

[@TheSamirmishra]

You are amazing 🤩

[@popontherocks1]

Thank you for the Nsync mnemonic which made this all much easier to remember, I love it hahahah

[@mellnick6838]

I've used the mnemonic for Phenytoin "0 Teeth for kids in Phenytoin" (zero order kinetics, teeth because of the gingival hyperplasia, fetal hydantoin syndrome and P for P450 inducer)

[@Sunshine_7x]

Love this!

[@Imonaboattt900]

Good video man. Think its important to mention that Phenytoin also causes SJS. Consider adding "Phil" to the friend group mnemonic. Cheers

[@ruby__26]

I have question, how anti-depressants (benzo, barb) work on both depression and seizures at the same time ?

[@nanyabizzness7238]

In some books it has levetiracetam as calcium channel and gaba

[@_cinesitis_]

All adverse effects of VALPROATE V omiting A lopecia L iver toxicity P ancreatitis R ash O besity A norexia T eratogenicity(NTD) E dema btw these videos are nice❤

[@muathqadoura542]

Gabapentin was thought to increase GABA activity but it turns out it's blocks Ca channels. Stated also in new FA.

[@momolulu8910]

thank you for great mnemonics...yet, can i have a quick question; if the patient was out ( lost consciousness after a brief shaking and jerking) for unknown time and brought to the ER...then which one do we give to the patient....some sources divide into 2 types; Focal vs gen seizure....then from the brief question stem...how do we know if the patient have a focal or gen seizure...then how do we know which type of med (Narrow spectrum Rx or Broad spectrum Rx)... thank you in advance...sorry for asking too much...but please help me or others with this kinda spec question...

[@ibraheemalma]

i think we give lorazepam, it is Bz and used in IV formulation.

[@akimbo5u]

bruhhhhh i just took my neuro pharm final yesterday haha, used your old vid tho! :)

[@rwwilson21]

I'm on two of these drugs(along with two others): Topiramate and Lamotrigine

[@17titik]

you genius

[@remya1668]

really helpful

[@KapoiosAnthropos]

Please, PLEASE, make a video about diabetes drugs - mnemonic!!

[@karyfang-chen1194]

AL PRO is awesome! 🎉

[@remaibrah4727]

Are the same person who talked about the legendary video on cranial nerve memorization? Your voice and way of explanation are quite similar xD. Never mind me. Thanks that was helpful!

[@khaledmohamed_]

Do you have that video?

[@idontknowmyname1033]

how is gingival hyperplasia related to snow?

[@AcceleratedCurriculum]

BZ also makes me think of Hz which is the unit of frequency. So think z -> Hz so Benzos alter frequency.

[@guruszzzAz]

Bro this is so good ,dirty is unreal

[@amgpilot9290]

Great video. One thing: it seems Gabapentin was left out. Did you have any mnemonics for it?

[@DirtyMedicine]

Gaba is in the name :)

[@amgpilot9290]

DirtyUSMLE thank you! 🙂

[@foodiesworldUSA]

Seizure drugs were not difficult but they can get easily mixed up in my head lol

[@darkmoon3646]

Dirtyyyyyyyyy I loveeeee ya mannnnn😂❤this was gooddddddd

[@monika246]

Please please uplod anti diabetic drugs just for 1 day....I need it 🙏🙏

[@ayatosakamaki92]

My book keeps saying PTZ, maximal electroshock, kindling..... I'm so confused 😑😑

[@FayazPA]

You edited the chapter time stamps wrong at the end. It should be: Lamotrigine @9:43 Benz & Barbs @11:09 Levetiracetam @12:36 Tiagabine & Vigabatrin@13:16 Topiramate @13:42 Hope this helps you correct it.

[@DirtyMedicine]

Fixed. TY

[@christianzwirner6545]

1. you're a god, nothing more to say 2. another way to remember frequency vs duration of barbs vs benzos -> benzodiazepine -> more letters than barbiturate -> frequency -> more letters than duration more letters = more letters (BZ = Freq) and vice versa

[@nijesheluvathingaljohny8367]

Hi. Is valproate cause weight gain

[@MiriamGonzalez-wz5nh]

Phenytoin can also cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome

[@babayhendrayani7728]

I really love the way u explained it Hu hu autosubscribe 😍😍

[@jermx269]

I believe there are only 3 meds to test on me for my Refractory & complex generalized epilepsy. I'm 46. Medical marijuana works

[@Zeerr007]

Could someone please clarify what he means by saying benzodiazepines & barbiturates are abortive: - they both cause abortion Or -they are used to immediately abort the seizures on the operating table

[@rwwilson21]

The latter. he means they use it to stop a seizure on the operating table.

[@trashygit]

Good summary; I wonder why you called Na (Sodium) as 'salt'.

[@TheGhadaelarbash]

Sodium chloride is Salt

[@trashygit]

@@TheGhadaelarbash You're right, sodium 'chloride' is salt; but sodium on its own is not...

[@makeupjunkie5066]

karl, larry, ethan, steven & johnson :D

[@Ifeany1]

why have you done this

[@syedfazalhussain1594]

Ben wants it more often but Barb wants it to last longer. Benzo v Barbitu

[@syedfazalhussain1594]

wow i came back to this a year later while studying for step 2

[@TheAnticsofTom]

Gabapentin?

[@sreegowthami8600]

Plzzzz make video on anesthesia drugssssss😥😥

[@utsavimishra106]

Bitch to learn 😂😂😂 Instantly subscribed Amazing vedio thanks 🙌🏻

[@polk304]

is this a reupload?

[@DirtyMedicine]

Yeah reuploading videos this week to correct audio quality

[@mamounmuhand7320]

@@DirtyMedicine good idea..

[@DirtyMedicine]

i just removed the intro about our twitter page and stuff. didnt cut any content out

[@deekeyolmo564]

Muuaaah

[@bloui1033]

why do you pronounce mnemonic, "pneu- monic"?

[@DirtyMedicine]

the english language makes little sense LOL. for example in English we pronounce "bomb" , "tomb", and "comb" all differently even though they are the same arrangement of the same vowel

[@bloui1033]

@@DirtyMedicine It seems like the "pneu-monic" pronunciation is specific to medical field people, bc I've never encountered it before coming to med school. It sounds weird, but I guess I'll have to get used to it since your videos are gold.

[@ashiqpramchand9704]

BenZo increases frequenZ

[@dtdt2668]

Where's Gabapentin?

[@thegovtdoesntcareaboutyou]

Y

[@ariikaii]

Anti-epileptics are a B*TCH to learn. No truer words. Dirty always keeps it real

[@maxcarlos1355]

Ewww Dallas Cowboys, good vid though.

[@snailsequence]

lame-O lol