How Crash Bandicoot Hacked The Original Playstation | War Stories | Ars Technica

For today’s episode of War Stories, Ars Technica sat down with Naughty Dog Co-founder Andy Gavin to talk about the hurdles in bringing the original Crash Bandicoot to gamers around the world. When Andy and his partner Jason Rubin made the decision to bring the action platforming genre into three dimensions, it required living up to their company ethos of “leaving no stone unturned” in the search for memory - even if it meant hacking Sony’s library code.
Directed and Produced by Sean Dacanay
Edited and Graphics Animated by Jeremy Smolik
Footage used in the video:
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How Crash Bandicoot Hacked The Original Playstation | War Stories | Ars Technica

[@burnout713]

It's incredible how 25 years later, he can still talk about that game like he finished making it yesterday.

[@Fb6.Nan0]

Andrew Burnes probably because he was so involved during it

[@Buddhist_Gnome]

Engineers brain

[@HappyfoxBiz]

because many of the techniques he used still isn't used today and probably has had these things picked at by even modern game developers today, trying to fit huge levels into small RAM spaces, like Minecraft still has issues with not letting go of some of the levels with it's cache, they treat it always as "just in case they come back this way" this game basically NEEDED the disk and he used API that he created, he created framework that Playstation never bothered to make

[@KFCuser]

@tim conway Yet the wedding ring on his hand seems to claim otherwise

[@KFCuser]

@tim conway Well now Mr. Subway, aren't you a prime example of a man who believes that he is a cat and therefore hides behind such image? If I drop you from great heights, will you land on your paws ? Do you lick yourself from head to toe? For a tamed animal, you have the bite of a venomous wild snake ! Identity crisis maybe? I know, why not use the photo of a snake from now on, it would suit you better!

[@Ben.99]

Sign of a true genius in a field: being able to simplify and articulate a complex subject in a way even someone with little knowledge will understand.

[@nak6050]

@hahalol GL funny not found

[@IWantToBelieve1]

hahalol GL funny not found

[@philosopherstoned420]

Those animations helped so much

[@b3at2]

@@nak6050 LMAO!

[@le-jaunemorgan6563]

I have no idea what he said but I understood what he said. I hope you understand.

[@Ejexion]

Make no mistake: this man is a genius. He wrote dialects of the programming language Lisp, he got his bachelor's and PhD in fields unrelated to video game creation/programming, he's written novels ... this man is brimming with ideas.

[@issai8017]

love this comment

[@mylesfranco3545]

Gavin earned a Bachelor of Science in Neurobiological Science from Haverford College. - Wikipedia. God damn, I need to study more.

[@BillAnt]

He even invented the covid mRNA vaccine back in 1994 and recently sold the patent to Moderna/Pfizer/JNJ. haha jk

[@jasonisfamous6544]

Pretty obvious the way he talks hes a genius lol

[@User0000000000000004]

He WAS NOT awarded a PhD. Why does everybody keep saying this? It's on his Wikipedia page and his personal Bio. He did some post-grad work but never completed his PhD. It's not a secret. Stop lying.

[@wb8047]

This dude is a true representation of someone who not only loves their craft, but has ultimately mastered it, from the explanations, to the execution. Remarkable.

[@InvestmentBankr]

This whole video is the best example of what "Computer Science as a career means" I have ever seen. Should be shown to every perspective game designer / CS major in HS.

[@zes3813]

no such thing as remx or muchx or too muchx or etc, say, think, can say, think etc any nmw and any s perfect, doesn't matter

[@DanchiMJ]

He looks like he's really into it for the whole half hour, and he never stops smiling, it's great.

[@chrisb.7787]

This game is a true mater piece of the PS1. It wasn't blocky had fluid motions was fast and overall a great game. He is probably immensely proud of it and all the work it took to make it.

[@jokerraton8183]

He was looking at a picture of your mom they were holding up off camera

[@DrasticTimesInc]

@@jokerraton8183 What a lameo

[@walsjell]

pure passion!

[@NerdFromDenmark]

@@jokerraton8183 True, Trillby's mom is such a lovely lady

[@justApigeon.]

He has a smile on his face the whole time. This guy loves what he does.

[@JohnZingTTV]

2nd time viewing this video an yeah he is totally in love with the magic of al sorts of tech for sure and yeah I feel as if even viwing this video agian i'm stil learning stuff i did not pick up on first time around. The Oddworld video is also an 11/10 video btw.

[@bambaclart4592]

What he did

[@ismailtopa3671]

Maybe reminiscing the old times only can make him forgot the sorry state of the wokeness now

[@Buttington_Headerson]

There are Sony lawyers off screen

[@Buttington_Headerson]

@@ismailtopa3671 oh shove it.

[@whiskeychicken]

He's very good at translating what they did into layman's terms, as well as being a good storyteller. I've never played a Crash game but I could listen to him for hours.

[@DalionHeartTTV]

Treat yourself. They're so well made and bloody fantastic, even to this day.

[@GamePlayMetal]

You're missing out. I replayed and finished Crash 1 this year (not the remake, the original) and it really holds up.

[@richardwicks4190]

I tried it out years ago as I've heard of it, but I can't say it was very enjoyable for me to play. But whatever, people have different tastes.

[@Holtermarvin]

@@richardwicks4190 I recommend trying Crash 3 Warped first, since the Crash 1 and 2 (1 in particular) are insanely hard

[@richardwicks4190]

@@Holtermarvin I've basically grown out of this stuff. This is a 20 year old game after all. I worked on the xbox project for a bit, now I can't stand video games. The interesting bit of technological improvement, was the massive improvements we had year over year. Today, a computer from 2010 is hardly any different than a computer of today and there's really not much place to go with what we currently have other than lower power. Today, computers (tablets, phones, etc) are PROGRAMMED to slow down to entice you to buy a new one. There's really no significant technological improvement.

[@atealab6152]

This guy is the embodiment of “If you want something done right, you gotta do it yourself.”

[@vasiovasio]

In my language - Bulgarian, we have some words for this - "The wolf neck is fat because do his job by himself"! :)

[@tcmtech7515]

I think that mindset makes you a part of the white patriarchy and a racist somehow now. 😋

[@shmish5818]

@@tcmtech7515 Oooo.....Kay?

[@OhWaker]

I feel like a lot of the programmers for videogames in the 80s and 90s were like that

[@omnirhythm]

@@tcmtech7515 Yeah sorry we're just here for the Bandicoot appreciation, thanks for trying to stink it up though, Cortex.

[@Snowboarder54688]

Can we also get some praise for the video editing here? Everything Andy said was accompanied by informative visuals and examples.

[@MichaelPlaysVideoGames]

Hear hear!

[@nbme-answers]

fantastic visual storytelling

[@Ndlanding]

Yip, and no interruptions from the interviewer. Great work!

[@Asist0ne]

I just kept going.... "I member , i member🍇🍇"

[@joekane3494]

"ME NO READ BOOK UNLESS IT HAVE PRETTY PICTURE HHNGG!"

[@elijahlupe]

This just tells me that old-school programmers were geniuses of the highest order

[@PwerGuido]

Yea, and then the web industry just destroyed everything, 99% of programmers those days are complete morons

[@MW-cx3sb]

The HR departments won't even hire guys like this anymore who actually love gaming and have pure 100% talent and skill.

[@RogueBagel]

Right?! All the little tricks used to eke out every drop of performance, and the ridiculous testing that went into ensuring nothing shipped broken… modern games are such a different product.

[@ihavenoname.4929]

@@PwerGuido yep, and they make more than real engineers.

[@graphicgraphites]

I think what's also so unique is that old-school programmers weren't just smart, they were clever. Anyone can learn to program, but it takes a pretty exceptional mind to think beyond limitations and push the medium forward.

[@CaptainGrimes1]

They don't make games like this anymore and I can see why; the brains behind all this are astounding. These men were true pioneers.

[@plexyglass429]

I think if it were feasible with modern games it'd be done. But with how complicated modern hardware is it's nigh impossible to squeeze every frame like you could back then

[@andyturner4197]

When you hear about how game developers subvert and bypass the Sony API and even overwrite parts of the memory it uses, you realise why backwards compatibility between console generations is tricky

[@chinossynthesizer705]

A jailbroken ps3 can play PS2 games not sure about a jailbroken PS4 maybe it can

[@vxl2320]

@@chinossynthesizer705 I remember having the 60gig PS3 that could play all PS1, 2 & 3 games non-jail broken.. it was rare too, should look it up.

[@chinossynthesizer705]

@@vxl2320 yeah I know that. it's the fat ps3 that shines silver chrome on the disc

[@geronimo546]

@@chinossynthesizer705 slim ps3s can also play ps2 games through the ps2 classics emulator, not only games released as ps2 classics, there is a compatibility list of games and you can download ps2 roms and make them work

[@chinossynthesizer705]

@@geronimo546 ye

[@nathananton12]

This guy is an insanely skilled problem-solver.

[@DanielDez]

That's the sign of a good coder for sure!

[@jangalexisruiz7491]

Wonder if he could solve the ND problem at Naughty Dog in 2020

[@dreamcastdazia4753]

@@jangalexisruiz7491 what problem

[@whodatninja439]

@@dreamcastdazia4753 neil druckman?

[@dreamcastdazia4753]

@@whodatninja439 Yeah, so what did he do?

[@bgaskin]

Wow, it's rare to see a guy this smart that speaks so fluidly and easily about technical and abstract topics.

[@nbme-answers]

this is known as “true genius” ,)

[@galfisk]

Ben Eater is one.

[@slavko321]

John Carmack too. Fun guys.

[@sammamishq7688]

it is called knowing

[@bobs8005]

Yea his ability to clearly communicate complex topics is impressive

[@TRJ2241987]

This was the game that really sold me and my Dad on a Playstation in mid '96. We would stay up all night on the weekends beating it level by level and writing down the passwords excited about what the next stage would be. There was nothing like this before

[@JustAdude291]

hell yeah brother, those were the days

[@Peanutdenver]

Ohhhhh the memories!

[@jorgeglez7088]

Man, your dad sounds like a cool guy

[@bongkaz5849]

@@jorgeglez7088 One day you will be too

[@billblaski9523]

He'll yeah, and once we learned about the crystals and gems you could get and all the other secrets....oh man!@!

[@naansequitur]

My absolute favorite interview on this platform. Please do one with Andy on Jak & Daxter and the incredible engineering that went into making a PS2 game with zero loading screens!

[@sibzay811]

They created all jak games using a custom language called GOAL which directly interfaced with the hardware so imagine a very fast interpreted language similar to python

[@pitthepig]

The comparison between the graphics in this game and Tomb Raider really shows that the efforts in level design and graphics optimization paid out really well. It was a game that was half a generation ahead of the rest.

[@filipmartinez1162]

pitthepig True this was one of the 1st PS1 games I could tolerate since all the rest had super warpy polygons.

[@StriderVM]

The 3DO is a worse joke but he can't really diss a platform that he made a game from though.

[@SHUJINCELL]

@@StriderVM 3DO still responsible for the biggest tech deal in the history of gaming. The technology was good just too advanced for gaming at the time. A

[@ens0246]

Comparation...? Comparation?

[@pitthepig]

@@ens0246 corrected.

[@bassvillain]

Needs memory Sees code Andy: It's free real estate

[@QuietSnake-xs5vx]

I was searching for a free real estate comment xD

[@MyName_Jeff]

@@dpellek74 #thegaytering

[@jdog9886]

@@dpellek74 what happened?

[@EvertGuzman]

joshua melling The crack is talking, ignore him

[@sinki19841984]

@utewbing kzbin.info/www/bejne/aXbLk2CAe5iolaM

[@VoskCoin]

incredible video, Andys passion really bleeds through

[@hardcoretrance3435]

Good to see you here

[@RamboUnchained]

I feel like todays devs still have this amount of passion but the higher ups sap it all away. In this case, he was the developer AND the owner so his passion, and the passion of his team, were really shown in every way possible at the time.

[@Autotrope]

There's quite a bit indie game market these days and they can get a pretty wide release just on marketplaces like Steam, Play store, etc depending. I think it's easier than ever for small time game devs, though more competition than ever

[@ebs777]

naahhh just too many woke clowns in these companies now

[@Hyraethian]

Crash didn't look like any other playstation game. This man wasn't ahead of his time, he was building the future.

[@agamaz5650]

it still looks amazing imo, especially for a PS1 game, imo it looks closer to a 2000 pc game

[@alexthegreat38]

I remember hearing a story about Crash's first appearance at a video game expo and people were convinced there was a bank of computers behind the Crash display. People didn't believe the visuals were actually being produced by just a PlayStation

[@brunosp86]

Yep, he's kind of a John Carmak... indeed they're born in the very same year, 1 month apart!

[@stylisthicc7873]

It still looks great, having played the game for the first time fairly recently.

[@daanabbring4596]

Yeah and now The Last of Us ll looks better than any other game as well. Next-gen already on PS4!

[@rorykurek643]

"...the boulder level. The dimension we're actually taking out there is time." Wow, that blew my mind just a bit.

[@Fugzaizm]

Im Stoned ... reading this comment blew my mind haha

[@dth91]

@Klip One the fact that you don't get it has nothing to do with being stoned lmao

[@johnyepthomi892]

Time is a dimension, I'm surprised this is news to y'all. And he took most of it out, but not all just enough to make it intense and interesting. They're decision making was genius given what was available .

[@hourglas]

The dimension is always there they just hid it from you. Unable to perceive its passing because it doesn't matter there's a boulder coming after you. Run run run. P.s. I'm high too. Lol

[@DeadlyDeadlyBeees]

MINE TOO 🧠💥

[@gamegeekx]

This guy needs to be a college professor on game design. His works need to be passed on for generations and generations. It's legendary.

[@brakmaster]

I remember buying the first Playstation and honestly the game I played the most was Crash Bandicoot. There was just no comparison to any other game at the time. It was mind-blowing.

[@kindmulberry7196]

I played Crash 3 to death when I was very little to the point the disc got really scratched and my controller broke! It was so good I've played Mario 64 and that doesn't even come close.

[@Skrenja]

@@kindmulberry7196 Crash 2 and 3 are the best 3D linear platformers of all time.

[@MrSeropamine]

Fascinating. Seems this guy also has a talent in simplifying and communicating the essence of their programming problems. Bravo on pushing the boundaries!

[@ProliantLife]

Unfortunately they didn't know mario 64 existed while creating this. Seems they were trying to be the first but got beat by nintendo months and even years earlier

[@whodatninja439]

Andy Gavin is legend, and so nice, he follows me on Twitter

[@Youtube.Commen-tater]

MobileCyris Alpha Waves for Atari ST came out in 1990

[@TobiEstosWorld]

And it still looks waaay better than blocky mario 64 and its wishy washy controlls. I looove platforming games but most early 3d once are for me unplayable, most games are to enpty like galvin mentioned 3d opens way more empty space. M64 is for me an to empty boring world with way to slow and indirect controlles. I love mario but get rid of m64, never liked it a bit. Crash does soo much better.

[@Youtube.Commen-tater]

Tobi Esto Crash used a D-pad in a 3d platformer, your entire argument is invalid. Also you're right, what's the point of exploring a 3d environment? To enjoy it? Yawn. I'd rather whip rocks at passing trains. Maybe if my aim is good I can ricochet one directly back into my eyesocket so I don't have to read your anecdotal ill-informed opinion ever again.

[@vizthex]

honestly, the fact that he "stole their memory" and his company is called *naughty* dog is hilarious.

[@Cruz1214.]

ikr

[@literallythesavior8085]

Glad you pointed this out lmao. What a guy lol he looks like a candidate for the real santa claus one day.

[@OregonDARRYL]

"Bad boy!"

[@xxqqzzaa]

I guess it was because he was stealing bytes out of sony!

[@yankeesgirl217]

@@xxqqzzaa total dad joke

[@TheWhisperingPenis]

This guys brilliant. Was amazing just listening to him talk and he was remembering things from 1995 casually. Wow. Its almost like hes telling you the game hes currently working on but this was 30 years ago. You can still see the passion in him he had when making it. Absolutely amazing.

[@Tim_Small]

I can describe stuff I wrote in my 20s like this, and in more detail than I could describe stuff that I did about 6 months ago. Human memory is funny like that.

[@JesusAriasAvila]

This dude had no internet, no joker libraries and surely enough, no example (to follow of) of what he wanted to do. Maybe it had to be this way for it to happen but anyways, this is Legend levels of passion, hard work and determination, not random luck. I have just one word for you sir : RESPECT...

[@jenslyn6664]

I agree with most of the above, but luck always factors in.

[@jimihendrixx11]

yes but lots of game before. Build on previous and expand + seems to be a master lever programmer

[@JesusAriasAvila]

I agree with the luck factor. Hard workers work harder to have more luck.

[@jakecarlin9402]

The internet existed in 1994, so he definitely had access to that. He just had to figure out how the software/hardware worked on a brand new device, so that's not really relevant.

[@JesusAriasAvila]

@@jakecarlin9402 The internet in those times are the equivalent of iron in the neolithic. It was there but the real use came after, when a lot of generous people started sharing nice (and scary ) things. I'm Engineer myself and having access to internet changed a LOT of things like getting the right datasheet for your components and stuff.

[@samoht77]

"Then there was the Atari Jaguar... We just sort of took it as a bit of a joke" I applaud you

[@BassByTheBay]

I'm so sick of the word "innovation" because it has become almost meaningless in the corporate software world (where I work). _This_ guy was a *true* innovator.

[@DerAykac]

Not only that he was a innovater, he spoke like a true artist there at the end. Making a point on how u should force your technical skills by expanding on your imagination. Its quiet beautiful.

[@slavko321]

I really like how he finished the story, "transcend mediocrity" and if the corpo world is too boring for you, transcend it!:)

[@xa4169]

Abundance caps imagination. limitations will forever drive curiosity to push the envelope.

[@Jaschka15]

its really insane what he talks about. I learned his technologies at the university, and it´s even more impressive that he came up along with this ideas by himself without stackoverflow

[@pilcrow182]

@@xa4169 That's the whole theory behind Pico-8, the "fantasy console" that is a virtual machine with no physical counterpart (like an *emulator* for a console that never existed). It's also why the Raspberry Pi has become attractive to so many people who are *already proficient in programming* even though the system was designed to be for *learning* how to program.

[@Brian6587]

Wow, I heard of Naughty Dog but never knew its creator. Andy has an incredible passion you can just see through the whole video and is definitely a genius! This is what I think gaming needs more of. Incredible!

[@Thetejano1987]

This is one of the best videos ever made, editing, guest, everything just done absolutely great. Perfect balance of technical terms without dumbing it down too much. Awesome work!

[@gav240z]

Thought I'd watch a few seconds. Then got addicted to listening to this guy. I'm blown away by the talents of early game developers.

[@spooky9030]

Same

[@geesegoose6174]

Desperation is the mother of all invention

[@flamebolton]

Same here

[@Michael-ke8on]

Well, he does have a Ph.D. from M.I.T.

[@kurtburns2758]

Sony owes so much of its video game dominance to this man. He literally laid the ground work for all modern video games by himself. Wild.

[@monkeyrobotsinc.9875]

dont forget plumber boy and sonics azz

[@BlackMamba-lt8oe]

bro i look like kratos

[@dandiaz19934]

Not really... lol. That's the Big Man History flaw. He had a team of people to help him along the way! He didn't come up with everything by himself.

[@il3546]

Hog wild.

[@hugoclarke3284]

@@dandiaz19934 You are correct, but people will always be most fascinated by the rare genius who can make the very most of all the extensive labour and progress available at a given time. In some sense, the work of the majority amounts to enabling such figures. After all, is it not the pinnacle of creations in any given genre, that we live to be inspired by?

[@therandumbcarguy]

My 9 yo son asked for crash 4 this Christmas.. great to see these old titles still around. Got it for the switch

[@Skarloc10]

In 1997 I was 12 years old and got a Playstation for birthday and a bit later on Crash Bandicoot. I didn´t have any clue about the technology behind graphics but even at this age I could clearly feel this game just looked unbelievable and different. "Why does it look so good!?" And look at it now, it aged so well. Naughty Dog has been one of the most creative game publishers for decades and they always seemed to squeeze the most out of the hardware. With minds like Andy Gavin among them it doesn´t surprise me at all anymore. Thank you so much for giving me some context to those intuitions I had for many years!

[@hash-slingingslasher1374]

"...the atari jaguar was just a bit of a joke" Damn, that was cold

[@bobcharlotte8724]

But true.

[@MickeyD2012]

The Jaguar wasn't really that bad, on paper, it just needed some really clever coder to figure out how to harness it's raw power. Which never happened.

[@PoisonedAl]

@@MickeyD2012 You could say that about the Saturn or the Playstation 3. Sure, you COULD take the time to get the most out the system... OR make your game on a skew that wasn't designed by a sociopath and make a lazy port for the over complicated POS, if you could even be bothered.

[@nachobroryan8824]

The case mold was later used in making toilet seats.

[@moosemaimer]

@@nachobroryan8824 You joke about that, but there was a machine that did _something_ for dentists that was made with the same mold. It even had a cartridge jammed in the slot.

[@DarkNemesis25]

that was incredible. none of this shallow buzzwords and 2 minute banter, as someone that does extreme low level embedded hardware engineering this was super satisfying to learn about much respect to these legends

[@AaronBonBarron]

Embedded programming is a lot of fun, I really enjoy working around hardware limitations and finding creative solutions. You really notice the difference in programming style when you get to talking with web developers lol

[@casperes0912]

@@AaronBonBarron Web developer code makes me cry more than onions, haha

[@real100talk5]

Extreme!

[@AirshBornely]

Hell yeah! Not embedded programing, but I worked with an old 2011 Dell laptop for years and it could handle stuff like video editing pretty well despite its aging limitations. I made that thing work dammit!

[@gileee]

@@casperes0912 It has nothing to do with web dev on its own tho. Depending on what you want your web page to do, you can run into the same issues and have to approach solving them in a similar way these Crash devs had to.

[@TonyTheYouTuba]

What an amazing interview, not only is Andy crazy talented on both a technical and creative level, but he can also explain things really well. Will watch the extended version for sure!

[@StormDogg]

I was holding my breath. I didn't think they'd be able to make the game, and I really wanted to play it. Fortunately, there at the end, it sounded like everything worked out. Any idea when Crash Bandicoot is coming to this Playing Station?

[@DalionHeartTTV]

Oh sure. It should be coming out... I think they said the release date will be September 9th, 1996. I can't wait for the release myself.

[@christophluger793]

@@DalionHeartTTV that's like -25 years. I'll be so much younger by then :(

[@DalionHeartTTV]

@@christophluger793 That's rough, buddy.

[@elmortobeats5919]

@@christophluger793 lol

[@califaern3sto]

Nintendo isn't involved anymore, therefore there is no longer a space in between. Now it's just PlayStation. This new game called Resident Evil has my attention peaked!

[@charlottemcginn8796]

I bet developers of other ps1 games were absolutely stunned when they saw Crash Bandicoot.

[@ADFROMAN]

That's what I was just thinking. Imagine being a developer of that Tomb Raider game and seeing all the extra detail they managed to get in Crash Bandicoot. Stunned is the right word.

[@Spiffer]

It was the Playstation from 1994, not the Playstation one which was a smaller version that came out in 2000 :)

[@bernlin2000]

Yeah, Crash Bandicoot looked significantly better than your average Playstation game, and definitely set the standard for the rest of the "OG" years.

[@zackfishle1009]

Andy mentioned some patents and I hope they paid off for him and Naughty Dog, it sounded like they earned it. Learning about the trials and solutions make Crash Bandicoot sound like a technical marvel.

[@StrictlyBusiness000]

Damn just imagine how tomb raider and other good PS1 games would have benn if they knew the memory trick

His word choice and logic behind explanation is impressive He's smart

[@AllUpOns]

Programmers tend to be smart. The really good ones can even talk to non-programmers and make some amount of sense. He's definitely one of them.

[@rinnnnnnnnnnrin]

incredible video! crash bandicoot was a huge part of my childhood, my mom owned a ps1 and she loved the crash games, we were too poor to afford all the games we wanted at the time as we owned a house and were constantly working on repairs so we found out how to burn games onto disks and thats how me and my mom bonded in those years, CTR was both mine and her favorite of the 4 games, great music, playable boss characters, fun world to drive around and we could play it together! i still much prefer the classic games over the remakes cause i just really prefer the classic visual style over the more modern style of the remakes

[@scumbaag]

Some of my best memories are playing crash with my mom, and waking up in the middle of the night beside her in bed, and drifting back off to tomb raider. I remember going to the sony store to get the PS1 like it was yesterday. What a trip down memory lane. And i have to agree, older games just have something special about them. all the games now just seem like half assed copies of copies of copies. Wish there were people as dedicated as Andy in the industry these days.

[@Kinespojken]

Crash Bandicoot II, Crash Bandicoot III Warped, Crash Team Racing and Crash Bash was my freaking childhood. So many good memories killing hundreds (thousands?) of hours with friends at our summer house in the country side with these games. Legendary games.

[@JoeDidIt]

man this guy is a treasure that game was absolutely mind bending back then and as he said, it aged so much better than his competition

[@adilhtk]

@Leonardo Santuario dead joke

[@JoeDidIt]

@Leonardo Santuario yes, still under 30 but of course

[@PaTrick-cf6ev]

In my country, until like mid 2000s there was a tv show where ppl called and played through their phone, even in today's money one minute was so expensive!🤣

[@DanJackson1977]

Better than Mario 64? Not sure if I agree with that.

[@SL4RK]

@@PaTrick-cf6ev Hugo ?

[@captaincrispy2184]

It is astounding how hardware-focused their thinking had to be. His concepts are on machine-level most of the time.

[@FreeportHometown]

That’s how it was with all the technical limitations

[@fredrikekholm3718]

Yeah, you couldn't really do much without thinking at machine-level then =D

[@yoggg932]

compare with today's web devs "ah yeah let me throw in this 1MB library over here so that I dont write one extra method by hand"

[@jordanfox3782]

@Nicholas Seamans very insightful comment

[@eniax]

In the "olden days" a programmer had to understand the hardware at the deepest level and manipulate it directly

[@Constitution1789]

I can't believe I'm watching this at 3 in the morning. The way he explains things is mesmerizing. Easy to understand, engaging. The choice of graphics to represent what he's talking about made the experience more enjoyable. Good episode.

[@asciidiego]

This video resonated with me to the point that I believe that, in a few years, I will look back and think "yup, the 29th of December of 2021... that was the turning point of my career". This video is brilliantly made and has many layers of genius behind it. Andy is great. And so is the production team behind it. Thank you for posting such a joy.

[@shod5507]

WELL THIS IS ONE HELL OF AN ENGINEER

[@xjww8623]

Yea but give the guy a hammer and see how dumb he looks

[@rayloc420]

@@xjww8623 he's an engineer, he'd probably figure out a better way to use the hammer.

[@skylarkesselring6075]

@@xjww8623 you could say this about anyone in human history, there's always something you won't know how to do

[@Ryodakun]

The way he made use of the huge disk space is actually genius. He made the console more powerful than it was intended to be by clever programming.

[@peterthx]

Atari did something similar with their "bank switching" method on the 2600. Even the Genesis did it.

[@frank234561]

SNES cartridges had cpu chips inside them for certain games, to enhance performance. The one I remember is called Super FX. There were a number of other chips as well. I just don't know what they were called.

[@0MoTheG]

It is called caching or paging and a standard technique. Win95 did it.

[@TheIronWristFighters]

Why I love software. With good enough code even crappy hardware can be useful

[@cool3865]

@@frank234561 they were all Super FX or Super FX2

[@DeanVarney]

I deeply enjoy listening to someone talk about something they clearly love, and have in-depth knowledge about. I could have gone more than an hour of this break down. It was stellar.

[@valerikonopljov8741]

Thank you for the fun! Played it 20 years ago. Came back to it and finished Crash1 last year. Still looks great

[@daniellau7883]

This guy is super smart

[@LouisManofMusic]

This guys a genius innovator

[@meanmole3212]

He's definitely up there with John Carmack and Volker Wertich.

[@JohnCena8351]

I mean if you consider what they managed to achieve with so little Staff, money and time, he better be super smart!

[@laos85]

Game devs, artist, animator, and musics all require brain and ideas.

[@KingLich451]

@@meanmole3212 agreed

[@SlowMoebius]

It warms my heart that there was an actual naughty dog

[@Quaquaquaqua]

this was so fascinating. really appreciated the part about reducing dimensions/ removing degrees of freedom to increase intensity

[@Ikaros473]

I just want to say the editing on this video is absolutely amazing. It added so much and I really felt it brought out what Andy was saying

[@jupiterwilkymay5161]

this guy is a big reason why Naughty Dog is known for such quality gaming today.

[@fafmotorsport]

Jupiter Wilky May you can see it can’t you? Naughty Dog games get THE MOST out of the PlayStation hardware possible, and it all started way back here.. looking for just that (literally) “1 byte” extra memory. Amazing!

[@desfefe]

@@fafmotorsport It's insane how Uncharted 3 or The Last of us could easily pass as a ps4 game. They were the only ones to push the ps3 to its limits.

[@soulextracter]

@@desfefe I heard that many studios never bothered to utilize the full range of the PS3 cell architecture because it was so tricky programming for it, and not enough programmers were up to snuff on how to do it. Those who did however made the best games, or I should say the games that ran the best!

[@desfefe]

@@soulextracter I mean the jury is out really. Most ps3 ports ran terribly because developers could not be bothered to learn how to code for it effectively. By the end though, you could see ps3 titles looking generally better than the xbox counter parts. Naughty Dog will always be known as the studio that will be innovative and try to push the hardware to its limits. Just look at Uncharted 4!

[@Gamer2k4]

I bought a PS4 (never had a PS3), and the first game I played was The Last of Us Remastered. I was blown away. Next I played Horizon Zero Dawn, a game a generation younger than TLoU, and it just didn't look as good. Yes, TLoU was remastered, but its basis is still PS3-era hardware, and it looked better than a game designed for PS4 hardware.

[@apfelnymous5367]

Watching this felt like I collected xp and leveled up in computer science.

[@slinkyinteractive3938]

apfel nymous LoL for real

[@mrnarason]

Hardly

[@alalalala57]

@@mrnarason k

[@mrnarason]

@@alalalala57 k

[@DangermuffinVideos]

@@mrnarason k

[@skrounst]

WOW! I know the very basics about how computer hardware works, and interacts with eachother, but this guy explained this EXTREMELY complex topic in a very easily digestible way. I could watch this guy explain how anything works, he's a natural teacher.

[@theboshane]

It's amazing to see how my childhood's favorite game was made by talented and passionate guys who knew exactly what they were doing. These guys are geniuses for sure.

[@Waffles_Syrup]

This wasn't just a war story, this was a war documentary!

[@franzusgutlus54]

And a love letter...

[@TadRaunch]

They actually wrote up pretty much the whole process of making Crash Bandicoot. It's a very interesting read.

[@stickybuns8626]

Andy, your work blew my mind as a kid and gave my paraplegic grandfather and I something to bond over. He's now confined to a bed and your work still boosts his spirits. Thank you so much.

[@daveinpublic]

And I’m sure he helped to shape the direction the industry was going. Much of the stuff he just throws out there, off the cuff, are firsts in the industry, new ways of thinking about 3d at the time, and an intellectual property that helped to turn the PlayStation into a destination platform when it was new. Very impressive. He was able to take many different ideas, and synthesize them into finished products using a difficult medium.

[@TRKTKO]

Sending love your way 🙏❤

[@secundusytp4517]

Look into the Gerson Therapy

[@stickybuns8626]

@@secundusytp4517 I'm a holistic dude myself and I appreciate the thought, but i'm pretty sure he's past that at 80yrs old.

[@secundusytp4517]

@@stickybuns8626 There is no age at which the body cannot heal itself if you make a genuine effort.

[@mikebularz9019]

Wow what a throwback. Did not know how sophisticated this was to put together back then. Most interesting video I watched in a long time

[@ianjohnwhite]

I remember going to Blockbuster and having this on continuous rental when it came out, I was waiting for Christmas to come so hopefully we got it for Christmas, we did!!! Thank you for this game before it's time and this video, one of the very earliest reasons I wanted to get into video game development and now am. Super informative video and love the passion.

[@williammino3534]

This guy is a genius in his seemingly simple solutions for otherwise complicated technical issues. He is very creative and inspiring!

[@skycorrigan6511]

💯% agree. He seems genuinely passionate about his work. That type of thing greatly increases the chances of success.

[@crystallakedood]

Not just his ideas, but pulling them off in an era where programming and computer technology was much more complex than it is now. From the user/software development side, I mean. This would be trivial now, but back then? Earth-shattering!

[@williammino3534]

@@crystallakedood True that, exploring the programming frontier with absolutely no help to point you in any direction whatsoever

[@cgirl111]

@@williammino3534 The guy has a PhD from MIT and worked on the mars rover. I believe he was introduced to LISP early on and that seemed to make a big difference here.

[@rubiconcrossing4480]

cgirl111 yeah he started working for naughty dog at age 14.

[@odw32]

PS5: "Let's add a superfast SSD so you can rapidly load in high resolution assets, without using too much memory" So... this is the guy that started it all, trying to surpass 2MB levels.

[@bradhaines3142]

at least for games yeah this guy was undeniably a pioneer. also he had to figure out how to make it work, so he built his game around it. the ps5 they learned that was their clear bottleneck, so Sony fixed it themselves so game devs wont have to. kind of like having a better game engine at the hardware level. if only windows would figure that out

[@vbtt]

Those times the games were much more optimized for the specific hardware

[@bradhaines3142]

@@vbtt no, thats just how all console games have to work. but at the same time i think the ps3 era was the most optimized

[@robertt9342]

Many games on the 360 and PS3 did the same thing with disc streaming.

[@bradhaines3142]

@@robertt9342 512mb ram in those, i could understand the need. PCs at the time had up to 8gb i think

[@boba1fett742]

im extremely thankful for these people to sit down and explain this stuff for us and for whoever makes these animations to simplify and explain better , thank you for the content

[@calamorta]

Wish he could have helped with Tomb Raider and other PS1 franchises that got dated because after watching this video, I finally understand why Crash is one of the few games which still hold up.

[@avatarion]

Tomb Raider had a realistic art style, so there was nothing that could have been done more with the limited hardware.

[@TNVGAMING]

Seeing Andy Gavin talk, I'm getting some _heavy_ Steve Wozniak vibes: brilliant in his respective field, has a clear passion talking about his field of expertise, & is brilliant enough to explain it in a manner that anyone could understand.

[@BingBangPoe]

Andy has a fantastic energy. Dude never stops smiling for a single second. Every word out of his mouth is said with passion and enthusiasm for his work. I often come back to this video from time to time because of entertaining he is to watch.

[@cyrilio]

Quote by founder of Brabus fits here: “I don’t work for money, I work for passion”

[@ITAMrPink]

@Shelly George Stolen comment...

[@youtuber9991]

Wow this is the best technical and passionate interview I've ever seen, I learned as much as I did in a CS course but with a lot more entertainment and excitement included!

[@casedistorted]

I love how he can explain these complex programming languages in simple terms for us laymen to understand well. 27:40 it sounds like modern streaming loading techniques we use for getting games to run well today, except in very very early terms on the Playstation 1, which is incredibly impressive they were able to do this.

[@Xfrimz]

Big credit to the editor who perfectly timed the ducktales intro song to him saying ducktales

[@cherrydragon3120]

lo ikr

[@goatpepperherbaltea7895]

Out of all the seconds in this video I happen to read your comment within 10 seconds of that part popping up😂

[@SquareEyedJak]

This is a story I've heard many times, but never in such extraordinary detail exploring the technical aspects. Crash Bandicoot is a marvelous video game franchise and an even better development story!

[@tHeKrAzY421]

Square Eyed Jak indeed it is jak, btw loved your crash bandicoot ranked levels video

[@doclouis4236]

Well said

[@user-qv9ho1lj3z]

@Hellen Mek same

[@erinschloeffel]

Some of my first memories are playing the original Crash Bandicoot, probably in 1999. Went on to play the series across my whole childhood and still have the same discs today. The best!

[@stevekightlinger6753]

I got this game for my now 28 year old son when he was like 5 or 6 for Christmas and we spent the afternoon getting though level one. He's a full on gamer now and I could probably get through level one in about two minutes.

[@GoblinLorekeeper]

My dad did the same, I got a playstation and Crash and Spyro the Dragon when I was about 4-5 years old, thanks to him I love the creativity and wonderful world of video games. I'm 27 in a week, and still love and play games to this day.

[@michellmelo9830]

Thanks to everyone involved for getting this youtube series going. The animations make the already great interview really enjoyable.

[@sophiacristina]

Those animations makes me remember computerphile! Hehe...

[@samuelcorriveau3216]

This guy is just straigth up smart. He understand software, hardware and maths. These are the type of person that carry humanity on their shoulder.

[@samuelcorriveau3216]

@Someone Junior Investor want money. Genius want to solve problem.

[@samuelcorriveau3216]

@Someone Junior This as nothing to do with greed. In a competitive environnement, innovation naturally emerge. Because smart people always finds a better way to do things. The greeds come from investor which want to make lots of bucks. Not from the innovator, which just find smarter way of doing things

[@dwerg1]

This game is part of my childhood, this is something I remember as an awesome game. Now seeing what went into it, just how far they went to create this masterpiece almost makes me tear up. Most of the games made today are junk sloppily thrown together in bloated general purpose game engines made to run on machines with a ton of resources to compensate for the flaws. It's released half finished and rely on the players to quality test the game. The games made today just doesn't have this level of passion baked into them.

[@SynWasHereYo]

Now devs are full of woke sjw's.. games suck now

[@mirabilis]

Oooor... they make video games.

[@Ramiz112]

I was 7 the day this game came out. I played it everyday, for hours in 96-97. I can still close my eyes and picture sitting on my bed, playing the game, the look of my room, everything. Thanks for your hard work, it had a profound impact on my childhood memories. Cheers.

[@mRibbons]

I had beaten most of N64's best titles before I got a Playstation. The graphics in Crash 3 blew my mind despite being a on a arguably less powerful 3D machine. After watching this interview, I now know how such feats were made possible. This man's creative genius is astounding.

[@warandthecorridorsoftime5180]

MAKE MORE OF THESE. DONT SKIMP ON THE TECHNICAL JARGON!

[@LetoDK]

This was even better than that. He went full theoretical computer science a couple of times

[@wills242]

So damned fascinating. Hearing a cool guy talk about this stuff makes me euphoric!

[@venicebeachsportsnetwork6677]

I didn't understand 3/4 of this video

[@privateagent]

@@venicebeachsportsnetwork6677 it was very simplified, tbh. But if I were to watch medical videos I wouldn't understand 3/4 of it

[@venicebeachsportsnetwork6677]

@@privateagent it was still interesting cause I loved the game and realize the guy is genius cause he did SO much more with the hardware then others at the time

[@tayzonday]

I remember this history well. It's great to get the inside take.

[@annaisntcool]

TayZonday ATTENTION FOLKS, WE HAVE A LEGEND IN THE COMMENTS

[@goclunker]

TayZonday no way!!!

[@JohnCena8351]

Old school gaming meets old school KZbin. Amazing!

[@kmlac6596]

Hi Tay!!!

[@Myusernamerulez]

Chocolate Rain!

[@abyteuser6297]

Truly amazing! just the memory management part was incredible. Reminds me a bit of the work John Carmack did for Doom. Thank You Ars for some truly great videos

[@rodolfogarza8947]

5:37 a trip down memory lane. I was playing that game in 6th grade at school in the late 90's. Could never remember its name!

[@nilsfatman490]

Just wow, how they managed to squeeze every last bit of resource out of the machine. And he's so passionate about it, still. Meanwhile today, my Android Studio running out of RAM on a 32 GB machine, or a calculator app needs to download 120 MB of questionable libraries.

[@NameCallingIsWeak]

My favorite MP3 player on iPhone is 120MB. I'm stunned even now.

[@ianmorales2960]

@Leonardo Santuario lol do you just spam this everywhere?

[@ianmorales2960]

@Leonardo Santuario oh...okay then lol

[@emanuelqfernandes]

Different programming techniques, but most importantly back then every byte counted since the hardware was very expensive, while today it's much more affordable.

[@muslim2k]

@Leonardo Santuario ok boomer

[@ChasingAfterSunset]

These men MADE my childhood. Truly. I cannot thank them enough for the warm memories and nostalgia I'll carry for the rest of my life.

[@ClearComplexity]

Having the ability to communicate and explain different problems and how to approach them is a fundamental skill set of a great teacher. I would have loved to have Andy come into a computer science course for a lecture exploring dynamic memory allocation, data compression, etc for the sake of pushing the limits of a defined/constrained memory space. So many people that claim to be programmers now barely understand low level hardware interactions and how to manipulate those to find efficient solutions. People have gotten too relaxed with high level routes that bypass hardware interactions entirely.

[@thebigh4752]

Freaking beautiful. This is why I sometimes pine for "the old days" of consoles. Because the hardware limitations were such that programmers, designers, artists and so on had to work closer together. You had to get creative with how you were gonna pack stuff in. And after that - since you couldn't just slap "Big Mommas RTX version 9.000" on the game and call it a day; You had to spend even more time on the game design itself.

[@morgen3369]

That also means that games were much more limited in scope. I have tons of respect for the guys back in the days, they were/are absolute units that helped video games to reach the peak. But today we also have masterfully made games with deep game design and striking visuals. You just don't have to be such a monster to create good things because there is much less limitations so you don't neet to push too hard to get what you want, and I don't think it's such a bad thing tbh. Just take indie games made by one guy or a small team that were all made with work done close together as you just said.

[@gooddoc8129]

@@morgen3369 Also back then these guys were driven by passion for games Approaching with art instead of business thats why games came out good Today its all about lets make games so we can start next game project This makes game dull just look at new battlefield, game build upon lets make money no art involved

[@infernomunky]

This explains why I always thought the playstation sounded different when it played Crash...

[@stevethepocket]

You mean the constant CD-reading sounds?

[@TheOggysimo]

@@stevethepocket i think so. Remember i was super scared as a kid when i first loaded it. Thought the cd laser was broken or something

[@Gamer2k4]

There's a series of articles by Andy Gavin called "Making Crash Bandicoot" (which I coincidentally just read again immediately before this video was uploaded), which goes into more detail on a lot of the topics addressed in this video, and more. One humorous excerpt relevant to your comment is as follows: Andy had given [Sony employee] Kelly a rough idea of how we were getting so much detail through the system: spooling. Kelly asked Andy if he understood correctly that any move forward or backward in a level entailed loading in new data, a CD “hit.” Andy proudly stated that indeed it did. Kelly asked how many of these CD hits Andy thought a gamer that finished Crash would have. Andy did some thinking and off the top of his head said “Roughly 120,000.” Kelly became very silent for a moment and then quietly mumbled “the PlayStation CD drive is ‘rated’ for 70,000.” Kelly thought some more and said “let’s not mention that to anyone” and went back to get Sony on board with Crash.

[@maggiejetson7904]

@@Gamer2k4 Yeah, they wouldn't want a warranty class action because a rouge game developer pushing the envelope too far.

[@nagualdesign]

@@Gamer2k4 😆... Brilliant.

[@Dan1loBC]

This episode was so technical, I loved it! Crash was indeed a very important part of my playstation experience!

[@HIMI2003]

I could watch this forever. This was my childhood life... playing crash bandicoot (mainly version 2)

[@djhandles3250]

I want him to tell these stories about every game he's ever been involved in, even if you don't follow the technical jargon it doesn't matter. He breaks it down so well and explains it for even the smoothest brain and makes it amazingly fun and interesting. And to be clear at the end when he's talking about doing every aspect of the game as "great" and trying to make a masterpiece, make a classic, they did everything they set out to do and more. In fact pretty much everyone since in the industry owes Andy and his team a huge thank you for their innovations and the discovery work they did to unlocking how to squeeze the most out of this and future systems to make our games incredible. I cannot believe how blown away I am, some of the best almost 32 minutes of anything I've ever watched.

[@eddievhfan1984]

Andy neglected to mention the fact that he *wrote an entire damn programming language/dialect of Lisp* (Game Object-Oriented Lisp/GOOL) to make level design/revision easier whilst still retaining the lean-and-mean performance they were looking for. And GOOL, to the best of my knowledge, was being used even into the Jak and Daxter series.

[@thurfiann]

AFAIK, they still use it for The Last Of Us

[@rzero21]

Wow... that explains why this game looked so great back then! Amazing production! at first I was like wow 30 min of talking about Crash Bandicoot... but then I kept watching...and kept watching... and didn't realize I was about to finish until it did finish. I could sit and listen to him talk more about games.

[@liquiddivide6505]

I remember an interview with this guy where they actually had to adjust this. They were demoing the game for some sony exec and he was asking them how they could have so much in their levels. When he heard the answer was disc reads, he asked them how many disc reads it was taking. After they answered, it was realized that the one single game was using 3x more disc reads than the CD-drive was rated to make. Basically, you'd kill 2-3 disc drives just to finish the one game. XD

[@AnttiBrax]

@@liquiddivide6505 That's not how it works. The disc drive has a certain life span, measured in years, and if you only played CB, you'd kill the drive in about third of the planned time. So if the expected life span was 10 years, which I think is quite plausible, *only* playing CB would kill the drive in 4 years. For most people, it doesn't take 4 years to finish a game and most people have more than one game. :)

[@radeedrad5458]

I was wondering too how come this and Spyro looked that great on that poor console. Never thought about the hack .... !!

[@Clay_Scar]

So unreal... fantastic video and great that Gavin got to speak this freely and explain in his way

[@gibbongood3281]

I hope this man knows how much this game means to us The music especially takes me back to being a kid in the nineties, so much *nostalgia*

[@astrahcat1212]

As a programmer, listening to this guys knowledge is mentally like eating 5 star chocolate cake.

[@dylanfarnum4121]

What is 5 star chocolate cake?

[@CorporalTailsDude]

@@dylanfarnum4121 cake made by Gordon Ramsey

[@robmo7033]

What kind of things did you start out with learning how to program. I son is into the inside of computer and I have know idea were to start him.

[@dylanfarnum4121]

@@robmo7033 is your son in school? There are companies that offer intensive programming courses online. Many computer repair shops offer free classes for many types of hardware and software. If your son is in school, he should be able to take extensive programming courses, or register for classes at a vocational school or community college, or he could probably find multiple computer science undergrad tutors that would be willing to mentor him for free. If your son is young you should strongly consider pursuing one or more of these options, if he's naturally talented and creative there's no limit to how successful he can become.

[@robmo7033]

@@dylanfarnum4121 he is 6. So I am trying to find something for him in this age group.

[@BettyAlexandriaPride]

I love watching experts talk about their craft. They're often so passionate and watching geniuses in the field at work is so invigorating. What a time to be alive.

[@oldironsides4107]

I hate it. It infuriates me. Im going out and causing trouble after watching trying to watch it all so I can be raging

[@MarkOakleyComics]

It's like talking to devs in the crypto space today. They're all feverish and happy, with boundless horizons unexplored before them.

[@cam2307]

Every once in a while I come back to watch this one again.

[@SheenylHassan]

The first Crash Bandicoot game that I ever played was Tag Team Racing when I got my PSP. Still play it today. Still love it today.