Battle of Jaffa, 1192 ⚔️ The Lion Roars ⚔️ Third Crusade (Part 3)

🚩 Go to sponsr.is/cs_historymarche_1123 and use code HISTORYMARCHE to save 25% off today. Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today’s video.
Battle of Jaffa (1192) was the culmination of the clash of Richard and Saladin, two of the most valiant commanders of their era. The encounter finally brought to an end the Third Crusade and cemented both Richard's and Saladin's reputation in the history books.
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🚩 Big thanks to Srpske for their collaboration on this video: / @srpskebitke
📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Research and Writing by Professor Andrew J. Mitchell
🎼 Music:
EpidemicSound.com
Filmstro
Instinct - Bensound
Impact Allegretto - Kevin MacLeod
Crypto - Kevin MacLeod
Epidemic Sounds
Volatile Reaction - Kevin MacLeod
🖼 Maps & Graphics
HistoryMarche
Inkarnate
Trebuchet image by: Luc Viatour lucnix.be, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license: drive.google.com/file/d/1ZQbg...
Catapult/Mangonel image by: ChrisO licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. drive.google.com/file/d/1ZDOZ...
📚 Sources:
The Siege of Acre, 1189-1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the Battle That Decided the Third Crusade -by John D. Hosler
The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land -by Thomas Asbridge
Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade -by James Reston Jr.
#crusades #palestine #jerusalem

[@HistoryMarche]

🚩Go to sponsr.is/cs_historymarche_1123 and use code HISTORYMARCHE to save 25% off today. Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today’s video. 🚩Battle of Jaffa (1192) was the culmination of the clash of Richard and Saladin, two of the most valiant commanders of their era. The encounter finally brought to an end the Third Crusade and cemented both Richard's and Saladin's reputation in the history books.

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

You're amazing man! LOVE your content 🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤

[@mysticnovelbro]

its a good thing to have a sponsor you can respect and believe in, as there's a plethora of content creators pushing grift ads and "BetterHelp" insertions that clearly advertise for scams of the same sort. stick to your guns, stick to your best sponsor. curiosity stream is clearly a fantastic, helpful resource for folks like yourself. you're on a run that could unseat K&G someday

[@mysticnovelbro]

@@TheDogGoesWoof69 I waved goodbye to Trump when I saw him at Jerusalem's Wailing Wall, as he confirmed that most of his funding would go to Israel in the end.

[@death-istic9586]

Hi.

[@brokenbridge6316]

This video was well worth the watch. Great job.

[@godfreyofibelin301]

This was fantastic. The rivalry between Richard and Saladin was astounding, and made even that much better due to their utmost respect and chivalry towards eachother. Definitely two of the greatest leaders of their generation in all of history!

[@flugen1153]

Baldwin IV?

[@luciusdomitiusaurelianus5334]

​@@flugen1153nga

[@aldrianevampir9570]

Great story why he was called the lion heart

[@guaporeturns9472]

The hypocrisy of him fighting for “God and Jesus” yet he was a flaming homosexual. What would his “God” think of that I wonder?😂

[@kvinlanvos]

But Jesus and Allah are gay gods, didn't you know that?

[@The_ZeroLine]

The French squabbling and abandoning allies?! It’s amazing the difference leaders like Richard and Saladin make. While Saladin is an equally spectacular general, the fact that Richard also battled at the front end like a beast while Saladin’s skill and humanity basically made them like real life Hollywood characters. Their mutual respect was also inspiring.

[@ommsterlitz1805]

They were all French either serving the Plantagenet or the Capetian wtf are you saying lmao, Capetians rulers and lords conquered the Etats Latins d'Orients while the Plantagenets didn't, the Plantagenet also tried to steal from the Knight templars in their headquarters in France and their many outpost in England and Jerusalem, no one wanted to help them anymore as they lost all trusts despite that the southern French under Plantagenet were mostly there to defend the holy land, there rulers weren't.

[@ommsterlitz1805]

@@iridium8341 Indeed only Français in wars can pull multiple times in a row fights in 1 to 10 outnumbered and win all of them and placing it directly under there authority, France did it the crusades, England, Italy, Germany, Spain basically all of there neighbours lmao😅

[@mehmetfatihcetin5932]

​@@ommsterlitz1805i believe some french were present in richard's army. But you can't say all plantagenet army was french. Also french were probably most participated in crusades. Hence why turks called crusaders as "frenks". And also stating two of the strongest armies in the world are frenks and turks. Turks get first crusaders well(people's crusade) but shocked by second wave

[@ommsterlitz1805]

@@mehmetfatihcetin5932 It's Franks because they are Français people not Frenks, english language took words from Français and usually change the A in a word and replace it to an E same for G that became W like Guillaume le Conquérant became William the Conqueror.

[@mehmetfatihcetin5932]

@@ommsterlitz1805 i meant islamic or turkish chronicles in middle ages mentions crusaders as frenks

[@modyusa1]

This episode is one of your best, if not the best episode you guys ever made. Especially the last part of the episode, in which the writer of the episode summarized the characteristics of each of kings, and the circumstances that surrounded them, then praised them, and this coincided with the drawing of them exchanging greetings of peace. Literally, got tears in my eyes.

[@nicklostable]

Please continue the Hannibal series! HistoryMarche, you don’t realise that it will be the greatest ancient historical series on the internet. A true masterpiece and beautiful story.

[@jacobs5697]

I second this,his hannibal series is better than the history channels woke history.. sorry people in carthage were not black every woke person thinks that black people were native to north africa. Jesus christ he was closest to arabic and greek.. the new netflix series shows cleopatra as being black😂😂 she was greek. history revism is what it is.

[@luciusdomitiusaurelianus5334]

@jacobs5697 wait hold on a second, there were definitely Black people in Cartage because it was near the black tribes and also because of trade, but I do understand what you mean, Cartage was definitely not black

[@jacobs5697]

@luciusdomitiusaurelianus5334 i was trying to say they were not prodomity black carthaginians were arabs that fled the middle east and founded carthage there may be some black slaves and some black citizens but the city was not filled with black people and hannibal was not black like the history channel showed lmao all of north africans were libyans,greeks and whites at the time especially with the migraitions of italians to north africa when rome owned north africa

[@PiotrDzialak]

@@jacobs5697 Nonsense. North Africans were a mixture of people with different shades of skin. Carthaginians were not Arabs, but Canaanites. You can call them white, but well, most of them wouldn't be considered white in nowadays Europe or North America. When I was travelling in Africa, I met many Lebanese, and I have some Lebanese friends in Europe. Calling them brown is exaggeration, but yes, they are not really white either. There were no Greek colonies in North Africa (apart from Cyreinaica). There is no reason to think there were any Greek people living in Carthaginian territories apart from very few merchants or mercenaries. Also, some of my Greek students were practically brown. In Morocoo, Algieria and Tuinisia, the largest tribes were Imaziɣen (Amazighs, Berbers). I have met many Imaziɣen in Africa and some look more like Arabs, but some are significantly brown. My Amazigh friend in Agadir is practically black. Also note, that the influx of Arabs to North Africa from the 7th century has significantly lightened the skin of the population, especially in Egypt. I also dislike clickbaits with black Cleopatras, but the biggest problem has been whitewashing of history. Most films misrepresent people from Ancient Upper Egypt as European white, even though, the majority was brown or black. Even Jesus is imagined as super white, like he were Italian or French, definitely not Middle-Eastern.

[@janarchivell]

@@jacobs5697 what are you even talking about? you people are so obnoxious

[@Zaeyrus]

For the Algorithm!

[@baoxidiaoyu]

For God, St. George and the algorithm!

[@mr.commnad1144]

Blessed you oh algorithm, our lord and saviour

[@nicolaszexff3735]

KZbin Wills it

[@dougmartin2007]

The algorithm wills it!

[@georgewbushcenterforintell147]

He censors he protects he entertains he is the algorithm .

[@ScentsOfSouthJersey]

The Respect they had for each other was legendary despite facing off in battle

[@NefariousKoel]

I don't envy Richard having to deal with his stubborn French contingent constantly demanding the opposite of what he wanted to do, else they leave. What a pain.

[@Elzimbabwe.]

They were all mostly French men anyways, like Richard who was a Plantagenet, the men in the citadel with Aubrey de Reims, Henry de Champagne reinforcements, the Templars and Hospitallers. Just listen to their names, they are all French. The "stubborn French contingent" were merely Capetian who quarrelled with other French men, the Plantagenet. Also remember the Capetian were the one who conquered the Holy Land and founded the Crusader States alone without the help of the Plantagenet who were trying to steal from the Templars back in Europe and the Levine. This video is like all other HistoryMarche videos or other english speaking history channels bashing French for the sake of it. It's been like that for years now.

[@user-wh8mb7tm2g]

Richard Cœur de Lion was french

[@NefariousKoel]

@@user-wh8mb7tm2g Yes, indeed. However, there was definitely a rivalry between the nobility in northern/eastern France, under the French king, and the Anglo-Normans under the English kings. There was a factional difference.

[@danielsantiagourtado3430]

This is incredible man! Thanks for this! Richard the Lionheart is legendary 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤

[@matimus100]

Congratulations on being in love with other men you two thanks 😊 for letting everyone know

[@maxm.2630]

I love this channel so much. I can’t wait to see what you post next. Your medieval videos are my favorite!

[@Muguratiu]

This video was incredible and the other regarding the 3rd Crusade, as far as I can remember. I am glad I discovered through you another really great military commander, Richard, and found details about another one, Saladin. The writing was good and the conclusion was stelar. It's quite a feast when 2 military commanders of equal value meet on the field of battle. Richard is really an inspiration. Thank you for this video!

[@TrentBattyDrums]

Richard always sounds like such a brave and courageous man. He inspired a people that were outnumbered and on their last legs as far as land and supplies. This episode had me sitting on the edge of my seat the whole time and I got chills for parts of it. Amazing work, I absolutely LOVE these videos.

[@SpadeD1omonds]

Your channel is a blessing! Keep up the good work, you deserve it all!

[@zoramthewizard]

Magnificent video! Not only covering the entire logistics and tactics, but also the souls of both sides.

[@DEADmetal3]

One of your best videos, telling about one of the most fascinating points in history. Two great characters whose qualities you've conveyed well. It is indeed admirable how, in this time period, they both acted exclusively through the military and diplomacy, and with chivalry, even with the stakes being as high.

[@ianfleischhacker6154]

King Richard III's pep talk to his men is great stuff, I'd do well to keep it mind in my own trials and tribulations.

[@abdiqadiribrahimibrahimali1550]

Can you please finish the Hannibal Series Thank you.

[@luciusdomitiusaurelianus5334]

Well there are like 13 years to cover, he only coveted the events of 218, 217,216,215

[@luciusdomitiusaurelianus5334]

And the war ends in 202

[@GravityMaster07]

Well made graphics, great storytelling, just astonishing! Full support to this project from🇬🇪

[@HistoryMarche]

Much appreciated!

[@bigsarge2085]

Incredible documentary, thank you!

[@sagaramskp]

You should have also mentioned that during truce Saladin send his Personal Physician along with fresh fruits and ice water to Richard as he was having fever. One of the best moments in History and shows the magnanimous personality of Saladin

[@lastyhopper2792]

If I were Richard, I would not eat the fruits in fear of poisoning

[@spookrockcity]

@@lastyhopper2792 They had food tasters.

[@lastyhopper2792]

@@spookrockcity Yeah. But I'd still afraid of the kind of poison that has delayed effect.

[@rafsanstudent3792]

@@lastyhopper2792 thats why you are not a leader

[@michaeljoydeepmahapatra4662]

@@rafsanstudent3792 YEA SAYS ABOUT UR FAITH.. UR FAITH TELLS THAT U CAN LIE TO KAFIRS.. KEEP SHUT.. OO UR NAME SAYS IT ALL..

[@ab9819]

As always fantastic work Thanks history march

[@wedgeantillies66]

That was a terrifically great video, showcasing the military rivalry and duel, between two of the titans of the crusading era. Where in the end, the conflict ended in a draw and negotiated treaty. On the whole Richard was the winner as his struggles, reversed the run of Saladin's military victories and saw to the resurrection of a territorial kingdom of Jerusalem, based along the coastline, that would endure for another 100 years.

[@thetrollslayer3716]

Crusades were a dud.

[@KHK001]

Another amazing video as always HM!

[@muhammadhamdan2925]

Incredible documentary hope to see these kind of videos more.... Thank u for making this video ❤

[@StreamzHQ]

Yet another banger dropped keep em coming

[@user-dr7kk4it8c]

That was great, thanks! More crusader stuff please!

[@TrentBattyDrums]

Literally my favorite channel. Also for the algorithm!!! Get famous my man!!

[@LoganO122]

History Marche always delivers. Fantastico!

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍

[@maxbiggtluffy4955]

The lavant always finding it’s self on the world stage just as much then as it is know… things really never change… thank you @historymarche you are a gem my the gods of the algorithm bless you!!

[@martincooper9982]

Great video, very interesting summing up at the end.

[@SuziQ499]

The three Lions always associated with Richard are actually the coat of arms of Normandy not England , Richard didn't speak English and only spent six months in England and yet he constantly gets voted one of England's best Kings for good reason he was the ultimate warrior King.

[@wedgeantillies66]

Actually, they are the two lions of Normandy, combined with the Lion of Anjou, that were first used by his father Henry II, but Richard's seal is the first one to use them in official documents. Richard was not only King of England, but ruler of half of France as well and his reign is generally seen as successful, due to his military success and passing on of his lands intact to his brother; John, who promptly lost most of them.

[@johnharris7756]

Exactly! He was an extremely capable King in all aspects. My favorite English King.

[@wedgeantillies66]

@@johnharris7756 Agreed

[@thetrollslayer3716]

He was as great as Alexander himself.

[@mrbaab5932]

​@@thetrollslayer3716Alexander captured Gaza and Egypt 🇪🇬.

[@mostafa_hafiz]

Such an awesome video as usual 😊

[@tarekzahran7994]

My mom’s family tree is from Jaffa, it’s a shame they were terrorized and kicked out in 1948, my grandpa told me they had a small shop there that was passed down but of course 1948 happened

[@MrMenuga]

great video ! thank you all ! I love history !

[@PhatCunt]

Awesome video, Richard should get a whole trilogy of movies

[@brianivey73]

Fabulous work as always!!

[@jamiemgr]

Fantastic video as always!

[@TheForgottenVoter]

It's One of the best video to watch. Richard The Lionheart has my utmost respect. He was different from other english kings. Only if other French allys had vision & would have remained with him... A truly Historic figure.

[@RealAlexMoreton]

Amazing as always!

[@HuangHwei]

This is absolutely comprehensive and way clearer than we had from our professors in history class.

[@nicolavirgilio7410]

Even without starting the video, I automatically ''Like'' the video knowing very well it's going to be great! Never disappoints... thanks so much for these awesome videos!

[@HistoryMarche]

Wow, thanks!

[@Adam18W]

I’ve been waiting for you to make this video.

[@colokan99]

My dear God! The amount of legendary fights and scenes i am imagining happening on these fields back then, it is astounding...

[@resileaf9501]

I think I can safely call this episode one of your best. Incredible storytelling, incredible script, incredible graphics work. Your entire team did a perfect job on this! Almost makes me regret that Saladin and Richard did not have more battles between them. This could have easily overtaken the Hannibal series in epicness otherwise.

[@Ridingaroundandgettingit]

Lionheart is a damn beast!

[@socratrash]

What a story. This was perfect. Congrats.

[@nobleidowu4919]

I love this episode. History Marche is simply the history channel for all. ...and for the algorithm, 🙏🙏🙏

[@matimus100]

You love really easy we noticed

[@alexyefymenko2929]

Thank you for excellent work!

[@JC-mx9su]

Can't wait for more parts in the next videos such as: Rise of Caesar Augustus #6 Prince Eugene of Savoy #5 Hannibal #20 The Anarchy #4 Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer #4

[@travisneston9648]

Great episode

[@stephendedalus6369]

Great work ❤

[@mohammedsaysrashid3587]

Another wonderful video and incredible historical coverage video about Crusades ✝️ and Muslim ☪️ fought against each other in 1192 ..video clearly explained events ...thank you respectful 🙏 ( history Marche) channel for sharing this magnificent video

[@brettlawton9513]

Wow, you bring history to life 💯‼️

[@pissedoff-is1mt]

We can't even imagine what fantastic warriors knights were, to master so many weapons and fight so hard and long in plate armour is a fitness level we can't imagine today

[@user-xt5sb5vh7c]

Looking forward to more videos on the Second Punic war :)

[@imlaughinq7445]

what a great video! For a while now this channel has replaced kings and general as my favorite for historical battles❤️⚔️

[@HistoryMarche]

Glad you like them! Though I'd argue K&G make some awesome videos.

[@mitsos76]

Amazing video, thanks!

[@reedtower6310]

This was just epic ... Ty

[@samdumaquis2033]

Great vid, respect to Richard and Saladin

[@Bull-BearTrading]

Amazing content!

[@MARINADUDE]

Great presentation, I hadn't known many of these details.

[@gideonhock221]

HistoryMarche never misses

[@chrishoffman4986]

This channel is absolute gold 🥇 🔥🔥🔥

[@rongerman6992]

Outstanding!!!

[@petermustermann8622]

HistoryMarche putting them bangers out lately... I see, I see...

[@dlmullins9054]

Thank you for this very interesting and educational video. So fun to watch!

[@TareekheMillatTV]

This episode is one of your best

[@donalnotdonald]

Class 👏🏻

[@theblackswordsman9951]

Richard wasn't a great king but he was a certified badass

[@MiddleEast-4Ever]

And yet he begged Salahedin for negotiations all the time 😅

[@afterall6418]

​@@MiddleEast-4EverDo some history research why he wanted negotiations or try to use your ears and rewatch the video again and you will know the only reason he wanted peace talks. I will give you a hint: he was not afraid of Saladin.

[@thetrollslayer3716]

@@afterall6418 None said he was afraid. Why do you think so? Was he really? Chicken

[@potatosalad1081]

​@@thetrollslayer3716muzzy nerd

[@alexcanalez5270]

Thank you for sharing.

[@JustaGaibroh]

Great battle report. May the algorithm be pleased.

[@coyote4237]

Thank you.

[@lukaszwawszczak3108]

Sacrifice is made. Great video

[@albertocardenas6646]

MASTERPIECE ♥️💯

[@jkrueger434]

This is so good. Like best video on ur channel good. More iteration of historia civilis Rome plz

[@Riteshsingh]

Awesome topic and video

[@tremainetreerat5176]

A refreshingly even-handed approach to the history of the 3rd Crusade, a series of conflicts that are often discussed & presented--but almost always with some degree of agenda to glorify one side and denigrate or belittle the opposing side 👍🏻

[@ShahanshahofPersia]

Excellent work.

[@HistoryMarche]

Thank you so much 😀

[@Isildun9]

From a strategic point, invading Egypt is a sound move. Egypt was Saladin's main base of power, wealth, food and supplies and troops. If Richard could have threatened or even taken it, Saladin would be forced to defend or reconquer it, or risk his domain falling apart. The problem here is that Richard was trying to treat this like a regular war, like the ones he had fought all his life, but unfortunately for him, religious fanaticism cares little for tactical and strategic concepts and concerns.

[@HistoryMarche]

Yes, it's the classic symbolic objectives versus practical objectives. Even among the top brass it's a lot easier to fire people up with symbolism than practicality. This is where I think Richard, despite his reputation, did not wield too much authority over the Christian army. I think he was basically a "nominal" leader solely based on his effectiveness and popularity among the men - he was an easy choice. If anything, I think Philip II wielded more influence over the Christian camp before his departure from the Holy Land. Richard simply couldn't steer the fanatical French contingents in the right direction, thus yielding to pressure and marching on Jerusalem instead of Egypt. EDIT: And this is why I praised both Richard and Saladin at the end of the video. Because, like Richard, Saladin faced similar issues. His emirs put pressure on him every "5 minutes" about the need to continue/pursue the jihad. So it's a small miracle how Saladin, and Richard, managed to juggle all of the political and military matters, while preventing the wheels coming off the war effort due to pressure from the more fanatical factions in their camps. In many ways these two, Richard and Saladin, had so many similar qualities

[@Isildun9]

@@HistoryMarche Reminds me of the scene in Kingdom of Heaven when that one guy confronts Saladin after he withdrew from Kerak, and Saladin responds with actual tactical facts, finishing with, "How many battles did God win for the Moslems before I came? That is, before God determined I should come?". One of my favorite scenes in the movie.

[@brightwish]

Richard the Lionheart, such an appropriate name for a brave and courageous leader!

[@corpchannel2523]

Like your Third Crusade series, especially Richard I(The Lionheart) my favorite Commander Third Crusade: -Siege of Acre(1189-1191) •Crusader Victory -Battle of Arsuf(1191) •Crusader Victory -Siege of Darum(1192) •Crusader Victory -Battle of Jaffa(1192) •Crusader Victory Despite Richard success, he couldn't take Jerusalem, because, he need more manpower and had to return home because John was usurping him and Philip II, is threatening his land

[@MrTTuguldur]

Wow Richard is what a man 🤜💪

[@adnanmambureh873]

Superb ❤

[@Markjr778]

Best Crusader video ever

[@andrewsimon679]

Great job!

[@corganwampler2532]

Realizing that richard was just tying to get home at this point he was frustrated with the french in his army he knew he needed to attack egypt take cairo and saladain breadbasket is gone. But he had to worry ab his brother stealing his throne and still managed to win every battle with saladain he faught

[@danieladum1343]

Thank you

[@adriangeorge8974]

Great content!

[@wesleybarton3871]

Excellent history.

[@reedtower6310]

Thanks!

[@HistoryMarche]

Thanks so much for supporting my work. Very kind of you.

[@RushlockMedia]

You'll get me with Curiosity Stream sooner rather than later 😂

[@conconmc]

Richard was such a badass

[@syedahmed8650]

I believe that Saladin was a better statesman than Richard. Even though he lost numerous battles to Richard he always took note of his own weaknesses and sought to improve them. During the third crusade, he noticed the indiscipline within his rank and file troops and the Ayyubid generals. Slowly but surely, Saladin would start introducing more and more disciplined Mamluk troops. This policy and outstanding statesmanship guaranteed that Islam would win the war long after Saladin and Richard passed.

[@doritofeesh]

I mean, I don't think there's any doubt that Salah al-Din was a better statesman. Richard is kinda the guy who mostly left his state for other people to run while he went off to distant lands to fight. He was a solid military commander, but not exactly a great domestic leader and administrator. Honestly, putting their administrative skills aside, it's tricky to pick who is the better commander between them. Perhaps Richard was the better tactician, considering his ability to exert control over his men and adapt on the field. Though, he also had the advantage of heavy knights and men-at-arms. Salah al-Din, on the other hand, might well have been the better strategist, though he had superior numbers and could more easily replace his losses. It's really hard to compare them militarily, even if I could, without doubt, say that one was a better statesman than the other.

[@Sam-bp2st]

​@@doritofeeshI feel like it should be mentioned that strategically, Richard was quite literally facing a wall of odds given he was constantly surrounded by hostile land, outnumbered with strained supply lines. It should also be made of note that he was a decent statesmen given his ability to organise logistics for a large force across an entire continent and deal with the political instability within his multi national force that threatened to tear itself apart at every moment and action. Compared to Saladin as the defender fighting on his home turf with a pretty unified force, it's a miracle the third crusade achieved as much as it did

[@fernandosfjr]

In the battlefield, what matters is military prowess. And in that regard Richard proved, again and again, be a superior military commander the Saladin.

[@doritofeesh]

@@Sam-bp2st Managing army logistics isn't really the task of a statesman, so much as it is the task of a military commander. I never denied that Richard was a sound commander, though. It's also questionable how much Richard handled in regards to logistics, considering the Crusaders already had a power base along the coast, even if it was greatly weakened by Salah al-Din's prior conquests. Furthermore, he could rely on the agriculture in Cyprus to ship over supplies to Acre. Cyprus alone should be able to provide for the typical armies being fielded in the Crusade. Lastly, even if we assume he required additional supplies beyond what Cyprus could provide, it is more than likely that the Republic of Genoa had a greater hand in providing it to him than him personally facilitating it through the 2,000 miles or so from Genoa to Acre. I don't remember the English or Franks having any notable navy, and it was more than likely Genoa and Pisa which provided the Crusaders with a fleet. I will give credit for Richard in facilitating his army's supplies as far as Cyprus and the Levant, though. Anyways, yes, he did face great odds. Though, it was largely offset by how heavily armoured and trained his men were, especially the knights and men-at-arms. One thing which often isn't covered with these Medieval European figures is that the knights often had at least 3-4 other armed and mounted retinue which fought alongside them. So, Crusader numbers of these high quality soldiers might have been more than we think. Salah al-Din, for his part, was mostly working with lighter-armed men and his central cavalry corps wasn't quite on par with the European knights. This largely negates the numerical advantage Salah al-Din could bring to bear tactically. Strategically, while the Ayyubid Dynasty could better replace their losses and provision their men, they were still vulnerable along the coasts and rivers. They could poison wells and scorch fields, but fast rushing rivers are not easily polluted before the advent of modern industry, while scorching the more fertile river valleys would be quite costly to the defenders. Richard lacked the vision to make a deep strike into Egypt, following the coast and the Nile to facilitate the movement of his army and their supplies. Doing so would have potentially cut the Muslim's manpower and logistical resources in half.

[@Sam-bp2st]

@@doritofeesh Richard had the vision with regards to striking at Egypt but doing so would further dwindle his forces in the form of the French contingent leaving

[@anasioannis566]

Another great video..

[@Crimea_River]

Crazy how much blood has been spilled in the Levant since the dawn of time.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Crusader logisticians: "We will overstretch our supply lines if we head to Jerusalem." Roman logisticians: "Pathetic."

[@generationfallout5189]

They were truely capable and worthy leaders. Men that inspired those following them. Nowadays our leaders seem more like the enemies of their own people.

[@dansmith4077]

For the algorithm great video

[@Khattab511]

Surprisingly this comment section is civilized, I was expecting a crusade and a jihad to take place here

[@user-up3gt9ms1x]

This is what happens when there are no Hindus 😂 ✝️❤️☪️

[@Edinsaonensis]

Sadly I think you have to wait for a couple of days...

[@nototoxicpeople2218]

​@@Edinsaonensisstill waiting