Black? Negro? or African American?

#ancestry #findingyourroots #ancestrydna #familyhistory #genealogy #africanamerican
In this video, we uncover the long history history behind the term "African American" and explore why it was abandoned due to its perceived danger, leading to the adoption of the term "Negro." Join me on this journey through American identity as we unravel the roots of this pivotal shift in terminology.
Sources:
1788 Sermon:
iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifest...
DU BOIS, W. E. B., and Robert Gregg. The Negro. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1287p46
American Colonization Society, William McLain, American Society For Colonizing The Free People Of Colour Of The United States, and Massachusetts Colonization Society. American Colonization Society records. Manuscript/Mixed Material. lccn.loc.gov/mm78010660.
www.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/ar...
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Come join me on a new docu-series that explores identity, racial tensions in the South during the 20th century, and the unique experiences of those who historically called Louisiana home.
My name is Danielle Romero, and all my life, I have romanticized Louisiana.
Growing up in New York, it represented a place where I could step back the sepia-toned life of my great grandmother, Lola Perot, who died before I was born.
Now, it was time to go back to Louisiana--although I had no idea what the truth would be or what questions to ask---who was Lola really? Who were we?
*Amazon links are affiliate links. If buy something through these links, we may earn affiliate commission. Thank you for supporting this project!

[@gazoontight]

The amount of research that you put into your videos is impressive. The information is most interesting. Please continue to make videos.

[@nytn]

More to come!

[@stephanienwadieiiamhybasia]

My grandmother thought of herself as “Indian” or “Creole “. Never heard anyone in my family that talked about us being “American “. We were also “colored”. Black used to be an “insult “. James Brown said it loud, “ I’m black and I’m proud! We were “Negro” on the checklist for “whatever “. I am 70 years old. I actually thought of myself as a little “colored girl “, until I became “Black and Proud “. I became African American in the 60-70’s with the “Afro and Black power “ movement. I now, with the help of DNA, a legion of many. Love your videos. Your research shows. Abaraka! I am grateful 😇.

[@nytn]

Yes Creole is a whole other road to go down!!

[@nicollantiago]

My grandmother's file card at Charity hospital had African on it. My older siblings birth certificates had colored. Mine said Negro. Funny thing is my grandmother spoke creole and that's what she considered herself to be.

[@etruscancivilization]

@@nicollantiago Speaking CREOLE doesn't make a Black person non Black anymore than it makes a NATVE INDIAN AMERICAN a Spaniard just because they speak "SPANISH".. Also, a Black speaking French and German does not make them a European white French or German person ha ha.. I see so many ignorant Black people today still don't like being called BLACK, and want to be called anything else, such as Hebrew, Afro, African, Colored, Negro, Niggas etc.. Whatever term one chooses, neither term will ever change who you are, because YOU WILL ALWAYS BE WHOYOU ARE, REGARDLESS WHATEVER YOU DECIDE TO BE CALLED. As for me, I AM BLACK, and I am not an African because AFRICAN IS NOT A RACE, it is simply a person who is a Nationalized citizen of one of the MANY AFRICAN COUNTRIES on the African Continent.. Negro and Black are both synonymous and ae used interchangeably between the ENGLISH and LATIN languages.. They both should be CAPITALIZED when the first letter precedes the remaining ones..

[@kendricjonrs8581]

Not "I'm black and I'm proud" but " I'm Black and I'm proud" I implore you to educate yourself to the difference of being objectified as an adjective versus being recognized as as a capitalized, proper noun.

[@kendricjonrs8581]

All Respect Due, I am 51 years old; not at kid trying to be a troll. I just have a hard time arguing the point of inclusion with respect to being recognized as a proper noun always not sometimes. There are no black history museums, there are Black history museums. It's very dangerous that most Black people will capitalize Hispanic and Jewish , but then ascribe themselves in lowercasing without any regard to self respect.

[@ian_ford]

Great video! 👏🏽 Personally, I have gone by "Black" for the past 20+ years as a secondary descriptor. My feeling is this: I deserve the context to say, just as a White person can say, first, _"I'm an American."_ When I'm overseas people say to me, _"You're an American."_ Why, when I return to my home country, must I wear a split-personality, hyphenated designation of "African-American?" As if to suggest I'm a full-time "HALF" American? I noticed as a HS student in the early 90s that Whites had 3 separate designations. 1, American. 2, racial designation; White-American. 3, their ethnic heritage/ancestry ("Irish-American.") But the use of "European-American" was never used, because *it lacked context.* Europe is a continent with 44 different and distinct countries. So why would I, more "American" than most European Immigrants of the late 19th century, with roots in America for hundreds of years, choose to identify with a continent of Africa as, "African-American?" It makes no sense, especially when it has 54 countries and thousands of very unique ethnic tribes that they identify with more than their colonized country name. And especially when my ancestry spans 4 different continents. I am an American, *first.* I am a Black-American, *second.* My unique ethnicity is mine and mine alone, not to be predetermined by anyone.

[@nytn]

I 100% agree with this!

[@nytn]

I talk about this non stop. Go look at my legal videos. Options for becoming a US citizen required a person to be WHITE or or AFRICAN ANCESTRY. Most folks couldn’t argue they were from Africa so they tried to be “white” to be citizens (I did videos on this: Armenians, Japanese, etc)

[@hawkrose2698]

💯

[@lannelbishop3668]

Now African Americans go by the term , Foundational Black American to truly distinguish ourselves from other people.

[@sammiesmith6690]

Facts 👍🏾.

[@TamuNgina]

I still reject the term African American … I am an American with a multi heritage background. I prefer Afro American or black American at best. But my background includes a mix and I refuse to deny that.

[@MANI-ee7vr]

Agreed 👍🏿

[@geauxel]

Nothing wrong with being called anything anyone desires to be called. However, when dealing with a government agency, to be called “Black” is to agree to not have representation in Law. Given time, “African-American” could also mean that future laws could remove us from our indigenous home land. Words have power, especially when used to contract with the government. The first definition of American was, “The various copper skin people found here by Europeans, now applied to Europeans and the descendants…” This, the entire world used to know!

[@johnnyearp52]

No, the copper skinned people found in USA were not Africans or Europeans.

[@johnnyearp52]

@@davruck1 Ok. I thought that you were one of the people who believed that Black people are the true Indigenous people of the Americas and the Native Americans are imposters.

[@BravuraLeeVim]

@@johnnyearp52 So people who have been falsely labeled as "black" (when they are actually BROWN) were everywhere else except the Americas?

[@BravuraLeeVim]

@@johnnyearp52 You're still under the belief that all brown skinned people are from Africa.

[@hawkrose2698]

​@@johnnyearp52The colonizing immigrants made up "black" and designated many of those copper colored people as "Black and African American" in later years. You can be mad all you want . It doesn't change history or what happened then.

[@JustFluffyQuiltingYarnCrafts]

The myriad of terms used to describe persons of the Black race is mind-boggling. You have done a nice job of touching on and moving forward on this topic. Usage of the various terms and the "whys" and "why nots" could pretty much be its own playlist of videos. Thank you for sharing, Danielle. ♥

[@geauxel]

An interesting topic that I’ve discussed with my family. My grandparents born just before and after the 1900’s, their parents were mulatto, but by the time they grew up Colored, in the 60’s Negro, my sister gets married in the 80’s was called Black, and now I’m called African American. All these changes were not of my family’s doing. It was the numerators/census takers who decided the “ethnic” category. As to people like DeBois through Jesse Jackson, within my community experiences, they were thought of as agents of the oppressive system. I don’t recall where I read it, but during the 60’s Civil Rights Movement, nationality recognition was on the table. However, it was decided by powers outside the communities Civil Rights would be pursued. Yet, most don’t know there was already Civil Rights established in 1860’s, prior to reconstruction act of 1871 and Jim Crow. Put all this in the pot and it all start to look like pure politics.

[@arrow1414]

I think the term "Colored" has not been dropped from the title of the NAACP for something more modern a term for African Americans is that the NAACP wasn't supposed to be an organization fighting exclusively for African Americans, but for all minorities even if most of the time it was fighting for the rights of Blacks. It has come to the defense of other minorities including Asians and Native Americans, so the term "Colored" is still relevant and appropriate even if the accepted term is "People of Color" for the civil rights organization.

[@NONANTI]

Thanks, and here I was thinking it was just because it had a better ring to it than calling it NAAAA.

[@michaelmitchell5098]

Thanks for posting…your skills are more straightforward, assertive and well researched and less tentative than most.

[@nytn]

I appreciate that!

[@BronzeSista]

My Kenya friend told me she was the real African American. I also had a white South African coworker tell me he was the real African American

[@jayp2395]

And they are.

[@johnnyearp52]

Depends on who you ask.

[@sammiesmith6690]

We are FBA.

[@nerdlarge4691]

I prefer there term Black American to African American personally. Even though, initially is was an fairly accurate descriptor of an ethnic group of Americans descended from enslaved Africans, African American has become an overly broad classifier as the number of recent African immigrants have grown in the U.S. That's why there has been a pushback against the term among many grassroots Black American empowerment groups in recent years, especially as the Reparation Movement has gained steam.

[@MsMaureen1975]

That was very interesting, I didn't know the history. I have heard people refuse to call themselves African-American because they are American, their families have been here for many generations. Thanks for all of your research Danielle.

[@-parttimeartist-7379]

This video was interesting but "African American" was not a political grouping until the 1980s. If individuals chose to identify as that then that's all well and good. But if you look at census records and even anthropological writings from the 17th century and before, we were labeled "negro", "mulatto", or "colored". Ironically all of this was based on skin color. If you have time I recommend reading works written by Jack D. Forbes and S. Pony Hill. They break down a lot of the nuances of racial designations.

[@asturiasceltic3183]

I appreciate you looking into DNA and history and making videos. Many people are interested in the topic and focus..

[@madeandcrowned]

The African Methodist Episcopal Church [established in 1787] never removed "African" from its name. It is the first organized black church in the United States and proudly uses the word until this day.

[@nytn]

That's right! Some chose to keep original names. Im glad they did

[@MrLuqman33]

I am suspicious of their use of the term "African". My great grandparents were of that church. The church and it's founders' roots go back to London...not Africa. They also simultaneously founded the "African" Masonic lodges.

[@madeandcrowned]

@@MrLuqman33 - The AME Church grew out of the Free African Society. The founder of the Methodist Church, John Wesley is from London. We are Africans and will continue to be.

[@MrLuqman33]

@@madeandcrowned to be completely sincere it would be most appropriate to acknowledge all aspects of "our" ancestry...the indigenous American, the Irish, the German, the Spanish, the "African." The question becomes one of "why was there so much emphasis on the continent of Africa to the exclusion of other lineages?" Did the "African Methodists never interbreed with any of the "black like Ethiopian" native Americans? Most of "us" have grandparents who openly claim their native American roots. Even @nytn has ancestors who did so. Why exclude that part of "our" history and genealogy? In addition to that, what about the black/swarthy Europeans and European royalty (i.e. Jacobites) who lost the war for the British crown and were sent in droves to the American colonies as prisoners and slaves/indentured servants? Were the founders of the Free African Society somehow UNAWARE of their existence? Impossible. This is what makes me suspicious of them. The black founders of those groups were of "black" European blood.

[@madeandcrowned]

@@MrLuqman33 - to be sincere I am an Americanized African. The question of European blood begs the question of how it was introduced to African and Indigenous American bloodlines and that power dynamic. It would be disingenuous to believe that the admixture of European blood was wholly consensual. Any “black like Ethiopian” native Americans would be intrinsically tied to the African continent like all other people of the world. As for “African Americans” claiming native ancestry, I always ask the question “Why are their genetic memory expressions so African?”. I carry DNA from one of the most ancient maternal haplogroups, as do many African Americans. We have been African for tens of thousands of years. Before the first so-called native Americans migrated to this land. 400-600 years here does not change that. Respectfully.

[@joanflemmingkendrick1107]

Fantastic piece of research. Very well done!❤ 👏🏾

[@corneliuswhite5139]

Wow! Your presentation and dedicated research is amazing! Thank you.

[@nytn]

So nice of you

[@afro_physicist_3143]

I personally prefer to be called black but I have no problem if someone calls me African American . I didn’t know there was any issue about this until college when people from other racial/ethnic groups asked me what I preferred to be called. However , the reason why I don’t call my self African American is because I am so far removed from Africa culturally . Africa is a continent with many countries , languages and cultures that no one in my family has had any connection with for hundreds of years .. we are Americans . Controversial and many other black Americans will disagree , but I don’t mind the term colored . I sometimes tell people I’m chocolate (more tongue in cheek ) , and some people even find that offensive . Also as my youtube name might suggest, Afro-American is acceptable to me too .

[@mariejane1567]

you can be anywhere and be black. African American was about a lineage not a race......now people are moving towards Foundational Black American........

[@akken2112]

Those people of African descent who are "so far removed from Africa culturally" choose blissful ignorance: kzbin.infosRq9qEQahJQ?si=5wXLDDx09xP77Owx

[@Jay-jb2vr]

*I prefer Pan-African*

[@BadgerCheese94]

​@mariejane1567 That term is too wordy. I get the distinction but you can't choose terms that are too complicated. They will never stick

[@yamayama6083]

Great research you've done. Love how you cover topics with factual documentations regardelsss of how it might make people uncomfortable. Great work.

[@nytn]

Much appreciated!

[@NezterBedford]

You are quite a historian! We need more of us to investigate this country's past history. Movie films, social media & google shouldn't be our first teachers. Our parents and elders should preserve that job. You make a awesome wife and mother✔

[@nytn]

That's so generous of you, I appreciate it

[@NezterBedford]

@@nytn Appreciate you more DR! Officially joined membership this September 2023 weekend. Your content is GREAT!!!💥💥💥

[@nytn]

that made my day, thank you so much@@NezterBedford

[@NezterBedford]

@@nytn till the next!!!

[@joecutro7318]

This was great, Danielle! Your research and presentation was very descriptive of how the cultures of the times tried to sort themselves out in a quest for identity and solidarity. Cultural oppression has such a confounding effect on the identification process; claiming, rejecting and reclaiming terms that had pejorative connotations using the rebranding of such terms in an effort own the oppressors and claim their rightful place as part of One Nation Under God. It is a fascinating process if you have not so much fallen victim as an oppressed minority, yet often results in a lifetime of tragic and traumatic consequences if you have. The LGBTQI community has undergone similar experiences and challenges, often occupying the "new other" slot in our current cultural identity sorting process. The more enlightening posts like this we have in the media cycle, the less pain and suffering we will need to endure as time moves us forward. Brava di nuova amica ed grazie. 😊❤☮️🌈🙏

[@terrancejohnson7672]

The better question is why was there unlawful reclassification of people groups under these terms? What nations/tribes did these groups originate from?

[@thames308]

I wish you nothing but the greatest success with your study. You are tracing the threads of humanity and identity.

[@nytn]

I appreciate this, it is a passion of mine I can't shake!

[@WilySCoyote]

I am in the Dominican Republic -- although I am from the United States. I have read the United States Congress took a vote to purchase the DR. Our government wanted to create a US territory where Blacks could "go to be safe from persecution after the Civil War." The Dominican Republic government agreed to sell the country to the US, however, the purchase did not go through because of the vote of ONE senator. I actually live on the part of the island where the US wanted to colonize. The funny thing -- it was not that long ago we were here. Business signs have their names in English. You can see old abandoned gated communities. The military base that was here was converted into a government funded hospital. Not too far away, people still speak English. The remarkable thing -- when I ask younger people about this most of them have no idea what happened here. They have no idea why the businesses have names in English (even though everyone speaks Spanish). They have no idea why there are huge fences and why what were originally huge hotels/apartment villages/gated communities are here. We run the risk worldwide of forgetting who we are, who we were, and what made us who we are. Without people like yourself bringing these lost stories forward, we lose our past. We become a legacy lost in time. Who would think we were ONE VOTE away from being transported to our own Black island just to make the USA a white nation. We could have been wiped from history. Funny thing, the people from the US who lived here -- who became Dominicans -- their histories have been lost. These people have no idea who they are or where they came from. I date someone from a family who lost their history. I remember sitting and talking to his grandma and she saying, "My parents moved here. They spoke English. We couldn't understand what they said." People treated her as if she had a mental illness while I realized she held stories. She was different because of her history. She passed away from COVID a couple of years ago. Her stories are gone. Her stories are lost in time. My partner has no idea why his color is white (but I do). These are things to think about...

[@nicollevalencia9511]

Research the history of Samana in the D.R. Southern Black Americans built the town.

[@WilySCoyote]

@@nicollevalencia9511 I will. The people there (they all consider themselves Black now) still speak English. I wonder how many stayed. It’s the opposite of the US here. Everyone is proud of being Black. Even the ones who can pass for white. It’s very odd in Latin America. The Mexicans sent their Black heritage.

[@nicollevalencia9511]

Most Dominicans have a black great grandmother whether they want to admit it or not.

[@SOULAR175]

GREAT WORK SIS

[@jahmight6279]

Great work! Enlightening.

[@nytn]

Thanks for being here!

[@Jenjen-qc5eq]

In the UK Blacks who are born in the UK are referred to as Black British, while those who are born in Africa or the Caribbean are referred to as African or Caribbean. There was a time when Caribbean people were referred to as West Indians, my mother told me as a six-year-old child she believed that she was Indian, ie from South Asia, because of the term West Indian, the term West Indian is no longer used here in the UK. I also believe that people are identified as a particular race based on what they look like, e.g. there are dark-skinned Blacks who have more European DNA than some light-skinned Blacks but are considered to be black.

[@jaiyabyrd4177]

We're American Citizens not Caribbean, African, or British. We have our own unique individuality

[@nytn]

I mispronounced something as usual...can you figure out what it was?? 🟢Support NYTN! Send me a coffee!: ko-fi.com/nytn13#linkModal ⚪ Save YOUR family history with my "Be a Good Ancestor" course. Grab yours now at www.nytonashville.com and embark on a transformative journey of preserving your family's history!

[@marvellrobinson4882]

Good job with sharing this information. Where can I get that chart you used with the time periods?

[@SamHoodie3k]

Most Black Americans never accepted the term African American. That's what newspapers, the boule and government used. We average Black Americans always used "black" and previous terms, but even when terms liked colored and negro was being used, on the day to day, we called ourselves black

[@koolou2012]

Black has no standing at LAW

[@djredc]

Negro means black.

[@iamwhoiam7773]

No a lot of us never liked the term black either. We are Indigenous Americans. Websters dictionary 1828 definition of American. We are the COPPER COLORED people.

[@SamHoodie3k]

@@iamwhoiam7773 We're indigenous to the point that after being brought here from Africa during the triangular slave trade our ethnogenisis occurred here. But the vast majority of us do not believe in this silly "Copper colored Natives" BS weirdos keep pushing. And most of us definitely embrace "Black" it wouldn't be so used by us otherwise. How often are we calling ourselves "copper colored Indians" lol

[@CierraJohnson-bh4mc]

@@iamwhoiam7773 How are you all coppered when your skin tone varies greatly?

[@chriskewe4238]

Keep going. We appreciate what you are doing. Keep steady. It would pay off in due course...

[@nytn]

Thank you, I hope so

[@kurtrambus2728]

Your videos are great...but also. whats up with that gear in the back? Love it!!

[@user-pm3yj3tl5v]

I don't remember Voting for "African American." The Media played a big part in Reverberating this term.

[@linusthexy6245]

Interesting content. I was born in Mississippi during the 1960s, and recently came into possession of my birth certificate where I am listed as "colored." I had no idea that the term was still used then.

[@GeremyWhoden-rr3sv]

Nice!!!

[@s.h5836]

I'm prefer Black American or American.

[@talesofthechrysalis]

Very interesting. Thank you! From my own genealogical studies combined with handed down stories, there was a great effort to classify all so-called black people as African-denying and disenfranchising indigenous tribes of their ancestral lands. Research Walter Plecker. I was told that it was dangerous to acknowledge Indian heritage if one didn’t fit the agenda of the time. What you share about the reasons for certain communities to resist the term African American doesn’t match what I was told tho obviously it was what some folks experienced. It’s all in the perspective 👀 There’s so much evidence, photos, paintings, documents, etc. I’m surprised you haven’t come across any. I’d be happy to email you some if you’re interested! The whole truth does matter so much to our collective future!!

[@rustydogrustydog9191]

Sounds like the talking points of the wabo/hotep movement attempting to appropriate indigenous cultures. It’s a whole lot of my grandma told me, I heard, handed down stories but not a shred of proof ever. All it amounts to is the erasure of true Native American history and culture.

[@ehzAxemuzik]

NYTN, you have opened up a can of serious 🐛's when discussing "Black/African American history/genealogy..because of the many blood lines running through our veins, including tribes from Africa, aristocracy Europeans and Native Red-Black Americans - our description is no longer predicated based soley on how we look, but on the experiences that our ancestors endured in this country; both as the enslaved and Freedman/Women..the names may have changed, but that experience(s) can never be taken away..we are the descendants and THIS IS OUR ETHNIC GROUP!

[@stephanienwadieiiamhybasia]

Keep doing what you do. You can’t please everyone. Everyone can make their own videos, if they don’t like what they see here. You are doing your best.

[@iamwhoiam7773]

I go by the term Indigenous American. Our people never came from Africa. My people have always been here in this country.

[@SeasideDetective2]

I never have liked "African-American." It's a mouthful of seven syllables, and it's not even a progressive term anymore because it's so common that conservatives and even racists are now using it. (For that matter, I don't like "Black" very much either, because it carries all the negative connotations associated with the color black.)

[@mariecruze259]

I'm black "90s & 2000s. I was born 1969 and my birth certificate states "black " black instead of "negro. " My brother was born in 1965. His certificate states negro.

[@nytn]

my mom's uncle's says "colored"

[@dirkdillary4925]

Yours says black because it was after 1965 and the Immigration Act of 1965! My parents birth certificates says Colored due to them being born in the 1950s before the 1965 ACT!

[@theblackmerlin5566]

Great video and I am always annoyed at white America of the past who wanted to relocate black people back Africa yet maintained their position in America which is Native land . If im leaving you should be leaving as well . The indigenous native population never invited anyone here to settle let alone colonize

[@marcellom8983]

I am an American point blank period And don't give a damn who thinks otherwise!

[@roberth2627]

Being a Black Baby Boomer; people were still using Colored & Negro .interchangeably. when I was growing up .Than The Black movement of the 60's took root ..& like you said every one became Black. It was a glorious time of radical change. I had also became aware of Afro-American being used. which I embraced also. But never knew the real history of African American being used in 1786 WOW..I still prefer African American over just Black. But I use both interchangeably. It seems to be a preference for Black by many today & I understand. But African is central in how I identify.. Thank You for this important information

[@jaiyabyrd4177]

*Outstanding* 🌹 Danielle I really have to thank you for informatively, accurately and kindly highlighting Foundational Black American History. To add to your information I can tell you that the term Negro and Colored deminished in the Black Community in the 60s. Remember what's on paper may be different in some ways as to the Black Community.

[@josephdonald1765]

To me, not to want to use the term African is offensive. It sounds like people have and are rejecting their African heritage when they say they're not African or don't call me African, instead I'm black, colored or negro. Those terms are constructs to identify you by your color or appearance. As for me, although I was born in America, I am decent from Africans, so I identify as such.

[@thetribeofdjembe]

Thank You. Wow. You do not play

[@nytn]

I try not to waste people's time! Im always appreciative of those who are learning with me while I learn

[@michaelmitchell5098]

Me and my peers referred to ourselves as Afro-Americans in the mid 1970s. We relaxed into black before the end of the decade and we are still rolling with it.

[@wood1441]

From indian to negro to colored to blacks to afro american to african american

[@rustydogrustydog9191]

Never indian.

[@wood1441]

@@rustydogrustydog9191 all black American came from indian tribe we are indigenous black American the negro indians

[@abaneyone]

Someone once asked my mother what she wanted to be called. She said, what do you mean? He said, do you want to be called black or colored? My mother told him, "I want to be called name." The white guy turned red with embarrassment. I'm currently 65 years old and my mother is still alive at 95.

[@BoBo-ti6jh]

Your mother is rude.

[@abaneyone]

@@BoBo-ti6jh no. The question was ignorant and rude.

[@bonniegropper]

While in middle school in the mid 60s we had a course called Afro American history.My teacher,M.S Jackson used that term back then.

[@MickiRonnae1]

This history is repeating itself right now.

[@vblake530530]

You are my QUEEN!

[@user-pm3yj3tl5v]

Also, the Gov't "Reclassified." many indigenous tribes as "Negro." So they are not African, but American.

[@scottschmitz4391]

I think edymology in terms of ethnicity is important. Great video. I have always prefered to just refer to a person by their Christian and surname only.

[@carrgip]

Love you and your work.. You're doing an amazing job.. But just a little information on this subject.. Because i watched a lot of debates about this years back.. But people are saying that the letter is a not creditable.. They dont even credit Shapiro because they dont think he is well versed enough on the topic.. In my opinion, i just think it goes against the uneducated African slave narrative is why its not creditable.. A couple scholars of African American History have different opinions on the subject.. One says he dont believe a person of color even wrote it. He says “The tone and style of the pamphlet diverge from some key aspects of black writing at the time,”. Basically, no so called African at the time sound or wrote like that.. Especially a African slave.. Another scholar in African studies said he may have been black but he dont know if he was african because of the same reason.. The way the person speaks in the writing.. Aslo with the African Baptist Church thing.. It wasnt called that until white people called it that.. But it was first called Negro Baptist Chruch until other churches joined with white ministers... Then they changed it to African.. People rejected the african name because many knew they were not african.. By the late 1800s the pan African movement was being pushed hard! And you had negros being called African and told to leave their lands by these black agents that were being used by white ministers and pastors.. W.E.B Dubois worked directly with known racists who wanted blacks to go to Africa.. No one wanted to go.. Its more to the stories than black people are just africans.. The only reason a negro said he was african is because a white man told him he was.. Great work! 💙👑

[@cclayton1316]

WEB Dubois, you pronounce the "s"

[@jdavis1214]

Very informative, thank you! I think the NAACP will remain as is because the C includes everybody not just Black people. There are chapters run by others.

[@Myraisins1]

Black, Negro or colored never felt offensive to me. African American always seemed incorrect and felt uncomfortable. Afro American is a little more accurate. In general I don't fight over what I'm called except if it's a racial slur. Today there is grassroot movement away from African American. There is also movement to delineate black Americans from those who are black immigrants.

[@nytn]

spamming this comment all over will get your banned my friend. say it once and leave it.

[@switzjon8405]

ADOS is what they use now to separate from African immigrants (American descendant of slaves) . We have too much blended DNA from whites/indigenous etc to be African. We don't know the tribe, language, or Country in Africa to call ourselves African American. It makes us seem othered Like we haven't been in this Country longer than some whites have. Now these Zanny people use poc as if its more positive. It's still saying colored people only they're including any one non white when that only referred to Black Americans.

[@rvegas81]

A shame! You should be enrolled with the native americans! Ray Carter. Love the research!

[@aborigine777]

What race is Lady in video?

[@katrinaseymour6666]

Good job!! Please share more. I know when the term African American showed up in modern times our elders rejected the term. Mainly, they said we are not African or we didn’t come from Africa. They did not like being identified in that way. I don’t think they like colored either, but accepted the term if used. I think they were okay with the term Negro. As a young person then, I thought our people were just set in their ways and not open to change. But I think they had their reasons for not being called African American and I think you identified the reason-deportation-since most are a mixed race people and were born here. Four hundred years plus is a long time to tell people they belong somewhere else. I think the “imagined” threat of deportation still exist today too.

[@nytn]

400 years....crazy to imagine that not making one American enough, still.

[@txcaddo]

I understand why people wanted to get away from the painful history but to deny being from africa is just sad. you DID come from africa!! If you take a DNA test it wont say "american" what is wrong with being african? mixed?

[@wdehey7853]

@@txcaddo We’re not from Africa though; we’re from America. Yes, most of our ancestors were born in Africa (most black Americans don’t know which countries) over 400 years ago, but we’re not immigrants. If you consider yourself African, which country and tribe are you from? Can you move to your African country of origin without trying to gain citizenship?

[@StirUpYourPurpose]

Well even after over 700 years the Moors were expelled from Spain. Food for thought!

[@txcaddo]

Oh goodness I never said you were immigrants, that is awful and not even the point. you cannot deny that your ancestors were from africa same as euros cannot deny they came from europe. What you are talking about is assimilation. People (not just black) are now assimilated in to YT american culture and no longer feel connected to their ancestors. This is what I am hearing you say. YOU tell ME what african country you are from... DNA results can pinpoint NOW. I have many AA friends that have done this and reconnected with their roots, languages, medicines, foods and families. Yes some AA now have dual citizenship. WHY wouldn't AA want to know? @@wdehey7853

[@openminded_skeptic]

This requires a lot more research.

[@AspiringGardeners]

The word Negro was used for their ancestors in Africa prior to slavery.... They just went back to their roots.

[@charliefreeman8825]

I just found this channel. After reading some of the comments I prefer to still be called by the race on my birth certificate "Negro" why should I be ashamed of what America identified me as when I was born here in the most powerful country on this planet. Africa is a continent made up of 53 countries so which country would we identify with. This was a coward move by that fading civil rights groups to stroke our ego's.

[@grizzledmillennial4765]

Just a heads up, the way you pronounced Dubois name is a dead giveaway that you are new to this topic.

[@nytn]

I AM unabashedly brand new. Learning in public:)

[@grizzledmillennial4765]

@@nytn no worries. It's like when non locals pronounce a city name the way it is spelled but not the way the locals say it. Use Dew+boys.

[@nytn]

Oh yah when I went to see family in Louisiana I literally could not pronounce some city names. Dew-boys! That's perfect, I'll remember:)

[@jayp2395]

But here's the kicker...he intentionally wanted his name mispronounced....his name is actually French but he felt that would make him harder to relate to.

[@nytn]

That's so interesting@@jayp2395

[@heydeereman1040]

Always found it odd to describe people by their skin color. I say that my name is Sicilian, but only call myself American, however I may have to revisit that if I receive my Italian citizenship.

[@talesofthechrysalis]

I agree! Black, white, red & yellow are crayon colors. No one is actually those colors 😆 “Race” before these terms referred more to one’s location and language not skin tone

[@celtiberian07]

I had no idea it was that old I thought it was only being used in the 60s or 70s

[@TovaYahsharel]

True Indigenous American Indian of Hebrew descent

[@joe18750]

I know your intention is not for this video to be comprehensive however, there are big holes in your story telling. The ACS was the impetus in creating the country of Liberia. By most accounts the movement was altruistic in nature. Believing that blacks would fare better in their own country. Now I didn't know that the term People of Color dates back to 1835. But I've always found it puzzling that today using the term colored or colored people is racist but somehow switching around the order of words into, people of color is chic and enlightened. Lastly, I recall reading that Teddy Roosevelt in one his campaign speeches decried the use of hyphenated Americans. With the great immigration that had transpired the previous 60 years, the terms Irish-Americans, Italian-Americans, German-Americans were likely what he was lamenting about. African-American most likely got caught up in those terms, and fell out of favor for Negro. It's an interesting albeit convoluted subject. Meaning, it seems to be more the fashion of the day is ascendant more than anything of substance. Thank you for your insights.

[@nytn]

click on the video I mention at the end of my video. I discuss that a little.

[@johnnyearp52]

What people want to be called changes over time and should be respected (in my opinion).

[@joe18750]

@@johnnyearp52 by what metric should it be respected? If it’s divisive, if it non inclusive, if it’s arrogant or haughty it should be rejected. We all, are Americans. If you want to practice your ethnicity and religion at home ( the micro) fine, have at it. But outside of that ( the macro) we assimilate. There is an a distinctive American culture. If want a country, you practice that. If you don’t, you’ll have a hodgepodge of tribes, doing what they will. That’s not a country. It’s a hot mess. A civil society is more tenuous than you think. It takes work. Identifying as a hyphenated American isn’t at all helpful. Being called what you want sounds glaringly narcissistic and selfish to me.

[@johnnyearp52]

@@joe18750 Everyone should be called Americans and after that it is up to the group or even the person.

[@johnnyearp52]

If you want to be called European American or white or Anglo I don't care though personally I hate Anglo.

[@koolou2012]

We should all be american or nothing . american is all we can be here

[@MsSnu]

Why would you lose your identity in the "melting pot".

[@koolou2012]

@@MsSnu i understand that but its not the order of things here in the united states of America inc.

[@MsSnu]

@koolou2012 assimilation never meant you were supposed to denounce your roots. That's one of the reasons there is no national language. Italians, Cubans, Japanese and many others hyphenate American. And that's ok.

[@MANI-ee7vr]

Agree

[@keeshabrown7353]

I had never heard of W.A. Domingo before. At first I thought she might have butchered the pronunciation of W.E.B. DuBois... then I chose to look it up rather than jump to conclusions. W.A. Domingo was an editor for Negro World, a weekly newspaper that circulated from 1914 to 1933. It was founded by Marcus Garvey and Amy Ashwood Garvey. Pretty cool👍🏼

[@nytn]

well to be fair I DID butcher WEB Dubois' name, someone just told me LOL

[@keeshabrown7353]

@nytn I wasn't gonna say anything about that attempt. I heard it later in the video, but I figured you thought it had the traditional French pronunciation 🤣

[@nytn]

LOL nah it's okay I always mess up at least one pronunciation per video. It's almost my thing now

[@keeshabrown7353]

@nytn while I got you, I have a totally unrelated question. Not too long ago you did a video of a case where a federal judge denied citizenship to a man (Cruz if I remember) who was 3/4 native american. What threw me off about the court decision is that it was AFTER the enactment of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. I read the court decision and there wasn't any mention of the Congressional Act (it has never been repealed). Do you have any thoughts on this other than the federal judge deciding to act as if federal law did not exist? I asked in the comments to that video, but it was like 2 weeks after you originally uploaded it.

[@nytn]

It was so mysterious, I had the same question. I wondered if because of the Jay Treaty, he had actually come over the Canadian border into NY.

[@genehammond7239]

The word Negro is on my birth certificate , I was shocked when I saw it for the first time !!!

[@shaunlove7293]

One thing that you are missing and this is extremely crucial. Society’s who’s sole purposes were to relocate people from one place to another then bring in others to replace them is your primary sources. You must understand who the initial colonizers were. You must understand who ruled each European land, how and why control shifted. With ancestry, generalizing and assuming has gotten us to the present situation. I personally have been involved in some sort of way with countless individuals researching their ancestry and have never once seen (from so called black peoples - who are American) one instance of African ancestry. Every instance that I know of was known upfront meaning no classic transatlantic slave trade with unknown slave ancestors. These were the results of legal immigration by themselves or the resent elders all no sooner than the 1920’s. All this African American stuff is very new boo.

[@akken2112]

It's funny how when Americans of Italian and Irish descent who've never been to Italy or Ireland, don't speak Italian or Irish yet call themselves "Italian" or "Irish" there's no problem but, as soon as Americans of African descent call ourselves African American, there's all this dissecting, analyzing and scrutinizing of only the term African American. Paul Robeson: kzbin.infokHAmbZRzQVA

[@briandale8386]

You don’t see Irish and Italian nationalist in America like you see black nationalists. KZbin is fill with black nationalists destructive rhetoric. Speaking of an alliance with only ones race or African countries. . Even to go as far as separatist ideas .

[@johnnyearp52]

Black people have more problems with the term African American than white people in my experience.

[@JoeBlow-xv3gj]

Me, I'm a brown skinned man of African descent. I was physically born in America & by law & birth, granted full American citizenship, with partial human & legal rights & privileges. Don't call me 3/5's of a man, a sub-human, savage, "N" word, colored, negro, black, African America or any other evolving name, assigned by others..Just call me by my name & know. I naturally feel closer to those in Africa, who looks like me, than I do to you.

[@user-gm8dz1hh8g]

👑❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️👑

[@sirdamion7]

Because we're not all racially Africans. We're Americans accepting a colonial term given to us by Immigrants from europe...

[@tracysnowden7858]

Yes 90% if that is true but fact is we were reclassified and they put all Dark-skinned people in one box/ category . Even though they came from different. Places at one time in history , not Africans, but Americans were taking to other parts of the world. Islands / Europe etc. Not out of Africa , it was only a small percentage of Africans came to the America's. . Books by Jack Forbes, lee cummings. Larry koger just to name a few . Plus look.up Indian slavery n America, Indian slavery n Virginia.

[@CherryClayton]

Honestly, Black Americans are native to this land..frfr Foundational Black American what we are..frfr

[@malikpowell8099]

I use African american to describe myself nothing wrong using it . Don't like calling myself black because it seems so empty.

[@tracysnowden7858]

All those names were labeles they put on us u need to do a Lil more research we are the Americans. Indigenous!! They reclassified us .!!

[@rustydogrustydog9191]

Sure, keep telling yourself that 😂

[@problactive285]

Im Black....indigenous to Planet Earth.

[@rustydogrustydog9191]

Everyone is indigenous to planet earth 😂 unless there’s extraterrestrials living amongst us now.

[@nimhard]

African-American to refer to Black people is a stupid term IMHO because an Egyptian can also be African American and have a Middle Eastern genetic heritage. Also, people like Elon Musk and Charlize Theron are African-American in the sense that they were born in South Africa and are naturalized Americans. So I think Black is way better IMHO.

[@josephdonald1765]

African/ African American are much better than black. We are of African decent, not black decent. Yes, you are right. Anyone born in Africa, regardless of color, can be called African American.

[@Soulaan]

Originally we called ourselves Ethiopian s. First African church in Savanna was called Ethiopian Baptist Church of Jesus Christ started by George Lisle. First African church is not the original name..Ethiopian came before African American. Africa was called Ethiopia when the slave trade started. Also we have the oldest maternal line on earth Haplogroup L which is Ethiopian

[@michaelpierce3264]

interesting because in old Roman times Ethiopian was used to describe all black people the country (Ethiopia) was called Abyssinia so when you read old Roman or Ancient Greek writing talking about an Ethiopian they’re just saying the person was black

[@Soulaan]

In Abysinnia ( Modern Ethiopia)records Ethiopian comes from a man named Ethiop . Ethiopian means gift of gold . Ethiop was the son of Kush s and son of Melchizedek. The word Ethiopia existed way before the Romans

[@Soulaan]

There is for an example Ethyopus I he was a king in 1800 BC

[@Soulaan]

Unfortunately a lot of people believe Ethiopian is a generic name for Black. That is far from the truth

[@Soulaan]

We are Foundational Black Americans . African American is an immigrant term. We are not immigrants/settlers. We helped create the united states flag. Grace wisher and unamed enslaved FBA helped with sewing the star spangled banner

[@ZVJ1216]

Interesting video. You do good research, but these terms really don't apply to my people. I've never used or excepted the term African American & don't like the label of Black. Simply because my people didn't come off no slave ship. We were always here! We were known as the Copper Colored Natives. We are Indigenous to the America's. Do some deeper research. So many lies have been taught about my people. It's time to wake up & break the chains of Indoctrination. Look up the original meaning of the term Native American. African American is a misnomer that holds no truth. I am the mixed descendant of Iroquois, Blackfoot, Cherokee & Delaware Natives who have always been here on this land. If you saw me, you'd consider me so called Black. The Truth is coming out. Everybody has been taught lies! Ask yourself, why are we the only people who keep being reclassified?

[@gloriaf6971]

I didn't like the term Afro-American which was being used in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1970s I started using the term African-American to identity myself.

[@GentlemanAmerican]

It's interesting how these terms gain acceptance or fall out of favor from one generation to the next. I cringe at the word "negro." Although I prefer not to hyphenate "American" the term "African American" does sound more dignified to me than the former term.

[@GentlemanAmerican]

@@davruck1 Silly comment. I am not telling anyone what to think and you don't get to tell me what to think.

[@etruscancivilization]

African American does not sound any different from NEGRO, as it attempts to take away our Americanism by adding AFRICAN as if we are LESS American and more African, while African is not a race, but a CONTINENT.. I never hear whites saying European American, instead, just white American, and they don't go back to a European origin, while they were the LAST PEOPLE TO ARRIVE ON THE CONTINENT. Black people has been in the Americas for THOUSANDS of years, even before the BLACK Olmecs, and dating back to the skeletal remains of "NAIA" of MEXICO and "LUZIA" of BRAZIL that dates back more than 14K years ago and proven to be 100% Negroid according to some world renown scientists, including Brazilian Dr. Walter Nieves.. All Black Americans did not arrive on Slave Boats, but were in the Americas thousands of years before the murdering Thief name Christopher Columbus arrived..

[@kingofhearts1072]

Where the “EUROPEAN AMERICANS” at?…😅 Yeah, ummm no, they call themselves “White”, “Caucasian” or just “American”.. If African Americans exist as a term, so should European American.

[@timotheewilliams9086]

African-American, ain't that about a bit🤬h, I wasn't born in Africa, no one I love lives in Africa, nor did I raise my right hand when entering the military to defend Africa, shytt, I didn't know Florida where I was born was in Africa 😂

[@DetroitIfa]

I am African American, mixed of several African ethnic backgrounds. My DNA test confirms this fact. Some say they are far removed from Africa. Your genetic makeup would disagree. Me being African American isn't a request to anybody in Africa or America. It's my ancestral lineage and my birthright.

[@Tashaten]

Wow! As I am a Afro American woman!!!

[@Tashaten]

You look South Sudan

[@DetroitIfa]

@@Tashaten My ancestry is several West African ethnicities. My priesthood is Yoruba

[@sparkle3000]

I am of African decent and I am an American, I do say I'm Black though. Italian American Indian American Chinese American Cuban American Whatever... I'm an American first and proud to be an American. We were forced to become Americans. It wasn't a choice Ye. They even made it law, if we did escape back to Africa, they could come and retrieve my ancestors? God created man all equal. Why do people do this to other human beings period? I don't even like Zoo's and the circus. It makes me cry. Birds should not be in cages. Whales, seals, dolphins, sharks should not be in cages either. Everyone has the right to be free unless you committed a serious crime. I just want to be left tf alone! Can we live?!!!

[@AtmaureanNoble7]

We weren't forced to be Americans(Marikanos) because that's who we are. We were forced into being US citizens or Union States Society citizens. The problem is that the US citizens are superimposing themselves as us, the Marikanos(Americans) that united our estates and dominions to form the United States and the trust document that is the Constitution for the United States of America.

[@groovemaster8632]

I'm a black man from Louisiana residing in Europe for 35 years and your grandmother a my grandmother look like literal twins

[@marcuscole1994]

We call each other black American

[@AmoniC.]

Black People in America was labeled Negro /Colored during the segregation era. Jessie Jackson who is related to the Jackson’s (Janet and Micheal Jackson) Decided in the late 1980’s instructed that Black Americans be call African American 🙄 Black Americans have been on American soil since 1600 and Built America we’re the true aboriginal People. If you look at Jessie Jackson and his blood line you can tell he resembles a copper color Indian. He can’t fool Black Americans no more with that boule fool talk. Say it Loud I’m Black and I’m Proud Courtesy of James Brown.

[@BravuraLeeVim]

Since the 1600s or before?

[@AmoniC.]

@@BravuraLeeVim Good Question! Black People labeled as Negro 19th Century according to the US Census The U.S. Census Bureau is bidding farewell to "Negro" on its surveys and forms after more than 100 years of use. The description has come to be viewed as outdated and even offensive by many people in the black community, officials say, so the bureau will reduce the options to "black" or "African-American."The government considered ending usage of the word "Negro" for the 2010 Census but ultimately decided against it. The bureau reasoned that there was still a segment of the U.S. population that personally identified with the term. Most of them were older blacks living in the Southern states. Robert Groves, a former Census Bureau director, wrote a controversial blog post about the subject then, saying that the Census Bureau hadn't done any research on the respondent reaction to the word "Negro" in the 2000s, but that it did "do tests that showed answers to the ethnicity and race questions tended to change depending on the order of the questions." In response to that information, Groves wrote, "I think some research on the sensitivity of answers to the presence of 'Negro' should have been done last decade, but I am unaware of what limitations there were on the research program then." He continued, "Some of the commentary on the question comes from people offended by the term. I apologize to them. I am confident that the intent of my colleagues in using the same wording as Census 2000 was to make sure as many people as possible saw words that matched their self-identities. Full inclusiveness was the goal." Colored : The term came in use in the United States during the early 19th century, and it then was adopted by emancipated slaves as a term of racial pride after the end of the American Civil War until it was replaced as a self-designation by Black or African-American during the second part of the 20th century. Due to its use in the Jim Crow era to designate items or places restricted to African Americans, the word colored is now usually considered to be offensive. When the census began in 1790, the racial categories for the household population were “free white” persons, other “free persons” by color, and “slaves.” Census-takers did not use standard forms in the early censuses. For 1850-1880, the codes for enumerators were generally white (W), black (B) and mulatto (M). Beginning in 1850, the data item was labeled “color.” In 1870, Chinese (C) and Indian (I) were added. In 1880, the data item was not labeled; it was “whether this person is…” In 1890, “Japanese,” “quadroon” and “octoroon” were added. In 1900, there were no specified categories on the census listing form, but the instructions called for enumerators to list “W” for white, “B” for “black (or negro or negro descent)”, “Ch” for Chinese, “Jp” for Japanese, or “In” for Indian “as the case may be.” There was no mention of “quadroon” or “octoroon.” This appears to be the first appearance of “negro” (lower case) in the instructions but it was not listed on the form itself. In 1910, the data item was called “color or race” for the first time. The instructions allowed for “Mu” for mulatto and “Ot” for other with an instruction to write in the race; “B” was called “black” only. The definition for “B” and “Mu” is: “For census purposes, the term ‘‘black’’ (B) includes all persons who are evidently full blooded negroes, while the term ‘‘mulatto’’ (Mu) includes all other persons having some proportion or perceptible trace of negro blood.” In 1920, there were no changes. In 1930, there were specific instructions that used the term “Negro.” Persons who were mixed “White and Negro blood” were to be counted as “Negro” (apparently capitalized) no matter how small the share of “Negro blood.” (This so-called “one-drop rule” or variations of it appeared in census instructions beginning in 1870.) Persons who were mixed white-Indian were to be counted as Indian “except where the percentage of Indian blood was very small or where he or she was regarded as White in the community.” Any person who was “white” and “colored” was to be counted according to the “colored” race, and mixed colored races were to be counted according to the race of the father. There was an attempt in this census only to obtain figures for “Mex” (Mexicans), who were defined as “all persons born in Mexico, or having parents born in Mexico, who were not definitely White, Negro, Indian, Chinese, or Japanese.” In 1940, the only change was the elimination of the “Mex” category, and Mexicans “were to be listed as White unless they were definitely Indian or some race other than White.” In 1950, the census form listed the following categories: “White (W), Negro (Neg), American Indian (Ind), Japanese (Jap), Chinese (Chi), Filipino (Fil),” and other races to be spelled out. Note that the form did not contain the term “Black.” Beginning in 1960, the Census Bureau began to use forms similar to the ones in use today, with a single form for an entire household rather than having multiple households included on the form completed by an enumerator. Census forms were mailed to most people, but census-takers picked them up. The data item is called “Color or race” with categories for “White, Negro, American Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Part Hawaiian, Aleut, Eskimo, (etc.)” Note that “black” did not appear on the form. The instructions called for census-takers to complete the race item by observation, and directed that Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, or other persons of Latin descent would be classified as ‘‘White’’ unless they were definitely “Negro,” “Indian,” or some other race. Southern European and Near Eastern nationalities also were to be considered “White.” Asian Indians were to be classified as ‘‘Other,’’ and ‘‘Hindu’’ was to be written in. Self-identification was fully in place for 1970 and later censuses. The 1970 data item was still called “color or race” with the following response categories: “White, Negro or Black, Indian (Amer.), Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Korean, Other (with write-in).” This was the first appearance of “black” since 1920. In 1980, the “race” item was not labeled; it read “Is this person…” The list of categories was expanded to include: “Vietnamese, Asian Indian, Guamanian, Samoan, Eskimo, Aleut.” In addition, the order of terms was changed to “Black or Negro.” In 1990, the data item was relabeled; it was called “Race” for the first time, not “Color or Race.” The categories remained the same as in 1980, but the “Asian or Pacific islander” categories were grouped together with a heading and an “Other API” category with a write-in was added. In 2000, respondents were allowed to pick more than one race for the first time. The “race” data item retained essentially the same categories as in 1990 with a few adjustments. “Black or Negro” became “Black, African Am., or Negro” marking the first appearance of “African-American”

[@bellalashtique]

African American WAS NEVER USED until it was created in 1988. We were reclassified from American Indian to colored and mulatto to negro to black and THEN African American. The term is copyrighted and owned by an Asian man living in China. I DO NOT HAVE ANY AFRICAN ancestry. All brown people are not of african descent. My ancestry in America I can trace until the 1400’s and not one african or slave in the bunch. The lies about the heritage of melanated Americans needs to be corrected.

[@nytn]

You need to disprove my primary sources. I provided them

[@shaifunnessa7816]

British American history please make video

[@moonbay2399]

NAACP it's not just for black people the organization has helped native Americans Hawaiian Islanders and others the organization is for all people of color😊

[@nytn]

thank you! I did not know

[@moonbay2399]

I was at a March in Washington and there was Hawaiian representatives of the NAACP representing their office in Hawaii also I am a native American rights activist who happens to be half black and they've helped us out with project in the past