Bronze Age Chariot Warriors: The Sintashta Culture

The people of the Sintashta culture were Bronze Age chariot warriors of the Northern steppes. A people who changed the world.
Highly patriarchal and warlike, they were also bronze workers who built huge fortified settlements like Arkaim east of the Ural mountains. They invented the chariot and bred the best horses the world had ever seen.
But where did they come from? And what happened to them?
This is the story of the Sintashta culture.
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Video Chapters
00:00 What is the Sintashta culture?
03:35 Origins of the Sintashta culture
07:23 Sintashta fortified settlements
11:30 What happened to the Sintashta culture?

[@DanDavisHistory]

If you enjoy this video please hit "like" and subscribe for more videos like this one. Check out the playlists too. And if you enjoy what I do here and would like early access to advert-free new videos then please become a Channel Member: kzbin.info/door/UVwT8zcS5Z_rYXnpomlbfgjoin or Patreon supporter: www.patreon.com/dandavisauthor As I am a one-man team, your support will make a huge difference to the quality and quantity of work I can produce for this channel. Thank you for watching.

[@samuelbutler3215]

Will there be a God of bronze book 3 also could you do bronze age cultures in Southeast Asia

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

I hope you cover this group-region again. I'm fascinated by the Steppes, b/c I didn't have any knowledge of this unique region until adulthood. The only name I knew was Genghis Khan, but just the name. In the US scool systems, we get very little expsure to Asian history and culture. So, it still has the effect of novelty.

[@gaslitworldf.melissab2897]

I know I'd love you books, but I'm on the tightest budget for the next couple of years paying of debt. I might have to wedge something in though. This is my favorite genre.

[@robertcrusader5019]

Dan, i would love to see one on the Maritime Archaic culture along the northeast American coast and possible connections to the maritime cultures of the Mediterranean, and western Europe. Also, have you considered the work of Robert Sepher?

[@ahmedzakikhan7639]

This would be a very political and controversial subject in the Indian subcontinent. Do we have more material on the migration to South-East ? In the sub-continent, the nationalists prefer to say that migration happened from India, not to India. They have a point. Where can we trace evidence of actual migration happening ? How much could a small group of people in Steppes contribute to 1.5 billion population two thousand years later ? Maybe 5% , or 30% of the population ? What is it. Why is it that Iran only has a fraction of India's population today ? Did most of them prefer to migrate east to India-Pakistan region over Iran, I mean look at the population difference, or did Alexander took away most of Iran's population potential ? I wish I had the answer. But then again, who would not want to settle in India because it had and still has one of the most fertile lands. And the links are obvious - the Sanskrit language has roots to the regions you showed. Its a mystery.

[@YuutaShinjou113]

Facial reconstructions of Sintashtans meant that they looked European, keeping in mind that they spoke a language that is the ancestor of Persian and Hindi. Astonishing.

[@mjolninja9358]

european facial features are also the same as Iranians and neighboring places like India, they share ancestry.

[@pinkyfinger9851]

​@@mjolninja9358i am an Indian and i don't think they look similar to Indian at all... Iranians I can agree are somewhat similar but europians are not at all

[@majimadavis3602]

We sexed the natives and lost the european appearance😎

[@morgothvikramaditya4977]

@@pinkyfinger9851North Indian upper castes look similar to Europeans

[@Ian-yf7uf]

Keep in mind, Sanskrit and Lithuanian are nearly identical languages. The Indo European expansion was very quick, it's why Lithuanian, latin, and ancient Greek are so similar to Sanskrit.

[@bc7138]

Excellent video. The prehistoric steppe cultures have had an enormous impact on history, but they're only ever referenced briefly in most World History books.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@Tipi_Dan]

So soon... we forget.

[@tamasmarcuis4455]

Written references mostly come from the cultures that a group of steppe raiders attack in years when drought drives them off their land. Furious desperate people can only ever be seen as dirty barbarians.

[@slappy8941]

Because writers of history books only care about cities and empires.

[@manichaean1888]

Well, some settled civilizations, like BMAC or Helmend clearly had enormous impact on the world history. But we don't know anything about them at all.

[@themesiasinrs]

Every time a Dan Davis video comes…cancel everything else and enjoy the 20-30 min of best quality content in KZbin

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you!

[@themesiasinrs]

@@DanDavisHistory you as well Dan! I love your content and hope you continue doing what your doing! Huge fan!

[@piotrmroczkowski2324]

I wholeheartedly agree.

[@demonyakku3710]

Same here

[@MrAwsomenoob]

Of all the historical youtubers very few talk about the bronze age and fewer still talk about anything outside of the ancient Mediterranean. Before I watched Dan davis I had no idea how diverse and fascinating the cultures of Northern Europe are.

[@FarooqKhanx-mk5jv]

As a Pashtun/Afghan I'm a descendant of the Scythians 🐎🏹 love to all Aryan brothers and sisters around the world 🗺 ❤

[@171_indranildutta6]

hail the good old ppl

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@FarooqKhanx-mk5jv]

@@KManjunath-eg4gq according bollywood graduate historians! Right! 😂

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

@@FarooqKhanx-mk5jv All living from Afganistan to Saudi Arabia all where worshipping idols before Islam was born. Means all were following Vedic culture. You can still find Indian god idols from turkey to Afghanistan.

[@171_indranildutta6]

@@FarooqKhanx-mk5jv he is South Indian they are Dravidians

[@user-wq5zq7po2n]

By the way, just recently a reconstrution of Sintashta chariot was made by a team of researchers from Russia. Also, a couple years ago another team from Greece reconstructed a Sintashta bow. Both are quite complex. Especially interesting that Sintashta chariots are mostly wooden, and wood is a scarce resource in steppe. Also for some elements they used moose antlers - also not the most typical resource in steppe.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you yes I read these papers and made contact with a great researcher named Ivan Semyan. He offered to answer my questions and talk about his work which includes not only chariot reconstruction but also a Sintashta bow reconstruction. There is some evidence to suggest - and we may well find more evidence in future - that the swift two wheeled chariot developed in the Abashevo culture of the forest-steppe zone. Perhaps in conjunction with the Poltavka culture.

[@user-wq5zq7po2n]

​@@DanDavisHistory well, Sintashta people probably came to southern Ural with some sort of a chariot, since in their new lands they, as you said in the video, were in a state of constant warfare. But the fact that they still used expensive materials for chariots for at least a century truly amazes me. Maybe it can even be interpreted as a presence of stable economic relationships with other regions and cultures.

[@gulnaragalyautdinova3635]

Wood is not scarce resource in the Urals. You can come and see...

[@MeanBeanComedy]

Wait, American Moose or European Moose? 🤔

[@MeanBeanComedy]

@@DanDavisHistory Aren't some academics lovely? You can ask them anything, they'll chat for as long as you need, and they're more than happy to give you access to their paywalled research! Never been turned down yet! 😎👍🏻

[@PetroBeherha]

Hey Dan. As I watched the end of the video with the split between the Iranian and Vedic cultures from the Andronovo culture and it made me wonder about something I've thought about for a long while now. It's namely from their beliefs and how they seemed to be opposite of each other. The devas from the Hindu tradition were considered akin to angels, whereas in the Iranian tradition they were evil spirits and I suspect it's from there that we get the word "devil." Likewise, ashuras in Hindu mythology were considered a form of rage-filled demon while Ahura Mazda is the supreme benevolent deity in the Iranian Zoroastrian religion. My guess was that before the split the two cultures were unified, but by around 1600 BCE there was a "schism" that caused the two cultures to split and antagonize each other ever since. Can you make a video delving into this? I'd love to see your findings on this!

[@pripegalapobedonosni3324]

Xerxes ordered the destruction of shrines and banned worship of devas. So any schism happened prior to that. Also it looks like it was broader then just a vedic-avestan schism. So the schism either happened early and slow or spread like a wild steppe fire just prior to Xerxes. The nordic pantheon is named aesir, while the baltic/lithuanian use dievaite. Like in Perkun dievaite(their thunder god) or dievaite sventa(holy goddess). And as I understand both the baltic and germanic tribes are descendants of the corded ware. You could probably find even more examples among the Indo-Iranian/Indo-European. And in the end it could just be a cultural disagreement early on among IE about the glass is half empty/full 😂

[@Dahras1]

One alternative explanation is that the two categories of supernatural beings underwent a "holiness swap". It's not uncommon for a culture to essentially forget whether something exceedingly sacred or taboo is one or the other and consequently switch its association. For example, cows are initially seen as unclean and thus unusable for sacrifice, but over time their unsacrificeable status become an arbitrary rule. Then, when someone is trying to explain the rule, they reason that cows cannot be sacrificed because they are to precious and sacred to kill. I could imagine a similar thing happening in proto-iranian/sanskrit culture. Asuras are initially sacred to the point that they cannlt be talked about outside of the temole/sacrifices. Devas, on the other hand, are appeased with sacrifices. Eventually people reason that this is because Devas are good/normal gods and Asuras are evil. That could be a more organic process than a schism. Then again, the two theories can both be true too.

[@sulaimankhan3457]

No it was zorastrian effect. In proto indo iranic stage both devas and asuras were good being. Zorastrian does not goes against devas of veda but devas of proto iranian.

[@luckiestone5007]

@@pripegalapobedonosni3324 exactly bro once they all following vedic religion bt time by time things gona change

[@bendercito]

X2 😎👍

[@piotrmroczkowski2324]

The intro was amazing. So sad your books are not available in Poland. The video is great, as allways. Greetings and salutations.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much.

[@Boric78]

Yeah the intro - wow.

[@AJKecsk]

What happened to it? Seems that beautiful intro part has been removed.

[@zurgesmiecal]

@@AJKecsk ikr, glad it's still on odysee

[@sterkar99]

I loved this one as well. You never rabble on mindlessly. You always stay on the core of the subject

[@Scar-jg4bn]

I just ordered your three "Gods of Bronze" novels and can't wait to read them! Love your channel!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I hope you enjoy the stories.

[@yojoe5311]

You've filled in a gap of my mental map of prehistory. Thanks for posting this it must have taken a lot to make it.

[@selfinihalation]

We're with you all the way Dan. Keep making history

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@saurabhoi13]

Keep spreading propaganda

[@robertcrusader5019]

Excellent job. Lots of good data, and little speculation so common to historical works.

[@benkratz36]

Fantastic work as always! Thank you so much for your efforts

[@karanpillai5539]

Actually the Indo-Iranians should be called the Arya, as Indic Arya, Avestan Airya and Old Persian Ariya are all cognates, so the endonym Arya can be reconstructed to proto-Indo-Iranian with confidence. Another interesting fact, is how it seems the ancestors of the Avestan Aryans and Indo Aryans came into conflict with each other probably over sectarian issues. The gods of the Indo-Aryans are called Deva, whereas the demons of the Avestan Aryans are called Daiva. Likewise, the god in Avestan is the Ahura, whereas the demons of the Indo-Aryans are called Asura (in Iranian the s changed to h, e.g. sindu/hindu). Indo-Aryans gods are also found in the Mitanni inscription in Syria.

[@lijopunnapra1683]

I meet many Iranians in the streets of kuwait, exactly look like the Brahmin priests of South Indian/keralite temples.

[@ArghyadipGhosh]

I was just going to write this comment but you've already said it ❤

[@Kedar752]

Very well put

[@gunner9936]

These euros take our culture for their egos, stop caring what these egomanicas think

[@animedc69]

​@@lijopunnapra1683nah they look nothing similar to each other Indian pandits are also black

[@TheLacedaemonian300]

Dan, I just want to thank you for your very enlightening and educational videos. You have opened up an area of history that I previously thought was of little importance in the Steppe region, but I have now come to realize just how enormous an impact these waves of destructive creation have had on the world.

[@robertolang9684]

indeed, i'm a arab but for my dismay i could not found any Arab dna on me but Caucasus sintasha androvo , wtf, how that can be possible , yes they created a destructive , creation that average genetic steppe dna in today humans are only 15% gees the hunther gaters , so long ago still left more DNA imprint how can that be possible ? something is not matching up in here better invent another one more convincing

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@jmp9035]

​@@KManjunath-eg4gqdoesn't matter how many times you reply on various comments its not going to make your comment any more true. Get a grip. Some of you Indians have the same DNA as Europeans deal with it.

[@ericcloud1023]

This opening was amazing! Your content is top notch

[@thefisherking78]

This was really good! You have a unique skill at humanizing ancient life for us.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you Jeffrey

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@trevorparlane]

That was a fascinating documentary. The fact that all modern horses are descended from the steppe warriors' horses was amazing

[@robertolang9684]

, not only the horses women too ha ha ha too many gurus in india but none solves indian problem only complicate it

[@Raito-kun01]

​@@robertolang9684 Lol

[@Raito-kun01]

​@@robertolang9684 The word 'guru' means teacher. How could you except teachers to solve problems of a country which even the politicians aren't able to solve? 😂

[@robertolang9684]

@@Raito-kun01 when i talk about gurus you know that i'm refering to that religious gurus that manipulate peoples mindes and lives , and it is not in india even in western world but in a lesser manipulative way , just that cold down you know its true, democracy in a country with very very big population is not easy

[@matthewscott4629]

You realize a guy saying it on YT doesn't make it a fact, right?

[@michaelgutierrez9563]

Always learning! Thank you 🙏!

[@brettbradshaw3297]

I am thrilled to have found your brilliant channel a few weeks ago. Your examination of history is fascinating. I have shared it with my son, and he is as impressed as I have been. Thank you for your hard work!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks very much Brett, I'm glad you found us. Cheers.

[@alienpov]

I like the chariot wheels at 2 :42, Aluminum forks and rubber tires were all the rage back then. LOL I do love the channel

[@angelopueyygarcia43]

Damn that intro gave me chills. Such beautiful storytelling

[@edwardshafer1729]

Thank you for these high quality videos. I love love love them. 🎉

[@stephanieyee9784]

This was really interesting and informative. Thanks Dan.

[@yuliac3980]

This is the best channel about ancient history of humankind. It is fascinating to see how humans migrated in bronze age. Well done!

[@CyrusLi]

Long live Dan, it's the first time I have ever seen someone acknowledge this part of history. you really made my day.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@mog2182]

@@KManjunath-eg4gqThis is verifiably false, the only ones who deny it are indians with an identity crisis, but they can't disprove the Aryan invasion overwhelmingly vast evidence. You were given your culture by the Aryans. There are no more aryans in india.

[@stephangleiner1333]

absolutely brilliant video

[@drainmonkeys385]

Good job…. I absolutely love these type of channels .. stuff you’ll never see on tv…but absolutely should …

[@benndanny12]

Thanks for another brilliant video. They really help to clarify the monumentally complex movements and developments of prehistory.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@benndanny12]

@@KManjunath-eg4gq That's interesting is there an alternative story that you can put forward for discussion?

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

@@benndanny12 pls read satyarth prakash book written by swamy Dyananda Saraswati

[@jmab721]

*YESSS, another video on the Proto Indo Iranians, the Sintashta. I subscribed, awesome work.*

[@AloneComes]

your ability to deliver high-quality content consistently is amazing!

[@olinayoung6287]

Excited to watch later today!! Thanks so much, I know it will be awesome 🌟🌟🌟!!!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks Olina, I hope you enjoy the video.

[@tomascc9367]

serious research. Very impressive. Big fan.

[@raddamusray1387]

Absolutely brilliant work. As an armchair historian, i love the journey into a previously unknown time and culture/s. Especially when they are revealed to be part of the foundation upon which so much was built. Outstanding.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@scipiopersicus1928]

Excellent content. Thank you sir.

[@gurjindersingh3767]

Well researched work cheers.

[@TheM41a]

Great video as always. You should do one on the bell beakers next.

[@ghotonkaka]

You sir need to write a new series like Godborn. This is amazing stuff and there just isn’t enough fiction out there on Indo European origins. Yours really are the best fiction writing on PIE origins I’ve come across. About time you released a new one for fans like me!

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@197mmCannon]

As an American it always blows me away when I hear things like “shintashta only existed for a mere 3 or 4 hundred years “ when my country is still younger than that. We are still babies in the grand scale of history.

[@pasquinomarforio]

Brilliantly done. Again. Thank you.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers mate.

[@stanlibuda96]

I've seen many professionelly made tv for a lot of money and by many people about these times your are focusing on and none came even close. Thanks, I really appreciate your work, always a highlight when a new one appears in my notifications

[@briananderson2219]

Excellent video. I enjoyed it from the beginning to the end

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks Brian!

[@kiratsingh2823]

Your heart American your face Aryan your mouth leftist your 😅😅😅😅

[@heathercurry898]

Wow that Steppes area is utterly beautiful! With the mountains and the curving river.

[@x4ms]

Great documentary. Thank you.

[@demonyakku3710]

Im waiting for this episodes like for nothing else in YT those days. Amazing voice amazing stories freaking amazing

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much.

[@sensibleperson8208]

As chariot warfare fan…this is such an interesting documentary. Amazing how much was going on outside of Summer, Akkad and Egypt.I would guess Hammurabi chariots to be like the reconstructed shown. Will watch again.

[@robertolang9684]

no need to watch bro , the indo european come from anatolia not from russia it is a bulshit

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@Beyonder1987]

@@KManjunath-eg4gqwhen u look at Indians you would jnow they are not aryan. They don’t have the physiological and racial make up. There social norms are uncivilised even compared to 4000 years ago.

[@Just4BuyClick]

Aryan invasion or migration theory was proved by genetics test now... Aryan are outsiders and Dravidians are original Indians... These aryan destroyed Indus Valley Dravidian people and killed male and take ladies thus with maternal genetics test this theory was proved...

[@mayhemmills]

Another brilliant video Dan.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you Steve

[@rubenjames7345]

Quite well done. Cheers!

[@mumblingmercian3386]

A video dedicated to the Andronovo cultures would be a great watch, absolutely loving these videos

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much. Yes I agree and Andronovo is on the list. I may do the BMAC first. And I'd like to do the Indus Valley Civilisation too.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@alokbejai5250]

keep living in your dreams!!!

[@MrMerajjio]

I see a Dan Davis video and I click and watch without question

[@DanDavisHistory]

💪

[@aloysiusyful]

As always, great job.

[@ariomannosyemo9090]

Been waiting for this one. Amazing work! Cheers

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers brother.

[@spartailukurgosz1392]

Dude, I'm fucking addicted to your videos. Binged thrm all in a week!

[@pete5134]

These videos are such a welcome antidote to all the "peaceful diffusion" narratives that seem to be put about when it comes to the spread of ancient cultures.

[@indianhistorybuff]

I would add that we have few concrete ideas on the spread. As Dan also said, IMO trade was more popular than warfare. And the ones conducting warfare were more on a tribal level rather than on a civilizational level. Plus heavy warfare conducting cultures seem to have died of faster. As with everything in life i believe answers must be more complex than an all conquering horde.

[@JustGrowingUp84]

I've never heard about that narrative. All evidence points to both warfare and trading. And, when there is mass migration, there is usually mixing of the invading culture with the invaded one. Maybe you're watching the wrong documentaries.

[@therationalcollection2999]

@@JustGrowingUp84 there is a big discussion going on especially in conservative Hindu communities that Aryan invasion was never a thing.. or that the Aryan people originated from the Indus valley civilization. Also you can see this discussion when looking at Anatolian farmer expansion. However, maybe it has some validity in that case

[@talyn3932]

If you look at the scope of history, migration through trade and population growth drives most expansion. Warfare covers such a very small portion of any culture's history. Even if there is a massive war once a century per civilization, that still means you have 3-4 generations living in peace and doing their thing between each event. War disrupts trade and population and thus halts expansion. Conquest and invasion is only a lead into a longer period of adjustment, trade, and migration. You cant look at history through wars alone, it you do, you compress it and lose sight of it completely.

[@thefisherking78]

@@therationalcollection2999 yup. The nationalists over there also commonly believe that Sanskrit _was_ the original P-I-E language and not a daughter language. It's eye-rolling, but it's not unprecedented. They aren't the first group to use pseudoscientifically supported wishful thinking to shore up their ethnocentric worldview.

[@k.m.clarke]

Incredible work.

[@TheEvertw]

Nice documentary on a fascinating people I knew nothing about!

[@alwaysright3943]

Remarkably well made video, I'd like to see you make a video about the Scythians as well. Greetings from Iran.

[@liquidoxygen819]

Excellent video as always, Mr. Davis!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers!

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@liquidoxygen819]

@@KManjunath-eg4gq Of course… there’s no Y-chromosomal, autosomal, physical-anthropological, historical, linguistic, archaeological, comparative mythological, cultural, or zoological evidence to indicate that… When are you people going to wake up to reality?

[@terryhughes7349]

Excellent documentary

[@Axel_Kidd]

Great video, thanks! I just want to add one idea that came to my mind when watching your video. It is how important for the development of these early cultures was the combination of different landscapes in which they lived. They had access to both the steppes (mobility, prosperity through livestock) and the forests (wood, occasional refuge from attacks). Plus, there are major rivers in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, which is also helpful for obvious reasons. And the diversity of landscapes may also foster greater mental flexibility, though it's only my guess.

[@fairdaest]

Hey big history buff. I've been prowling KZbin channels for decades. Your channel is some of the greatest work, and research I've ever seen please keep it up. 💯

[@jochem420]

9:37 RIP that one sheep on the bottom left lol

[@gideonros2705]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@BrutusHostiliusMaximus]

Absolutely amazing

[@mattrenner9215]

Just found your videos quality content thanks for shining light on this interesting culture.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, welcome to the channel Matt.

[@goldenvalkyrie7142]

very nice and informative video! I love learning more about the indo-european cultures!

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@Tombomber8888]

How do I even adequately thank you for this, Dan? The gears in my mind and imagination are set in motion each and every time I come upon your work and I’m so very grateful for it.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@staticdynamic1605]

excellent stuff

[@editorrbr2107]

Thanks for this one too. When you alluded so heavily to the Sintashta last week, I wondered if you were going to do a f/u.

[@SuperCROivan]

This is pure gold, keep up the good work. You deserve much more fame :D

[@gnb_2476]

It is something how many military innovations came from the steppes. Thank you for this great video. A good follow-up could be about the Mitanni, who took chariotry to the aristocracy, with their Maryannu caste being akin to Bronze Age knights.

[@gnb_2476]

@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 I wasn't talking about ancestry. I was talking about the evolution of chariotry and the chariot's role in ancient aristocracies. And castes came from peoples all over the world. The Mitanni had a chariot nobility and a hierarchical system with levied peasants at the bottom and the king with the ruling elite at the top. And everyone in each level of the heirarchy had rule of decorum to the others. Hence, a caste system.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@pendragonU]

​@@KManjunath-eg4gqyou could say that stringing it as "on the other hand" hypothesis BUT modern DNA testing of human remains in Archaeology finds of that period say.... "You were NOT the father's culture and people"

[@Bogey1022]

I literally JUST finished your latest then got bummed because it was over and I'd have to wait for another. And....voila

[@DanDavisHistory]

Nice.

[@phildicks4721]

Another great video. I learn new information that might end up in a RPG campaign later.

[@ThursonJames]

What a spectacular combination of thorough research, vivid narrative, charming accent and voice. Thanks, Dan!

[@robertolang9684]

its the narrative of bulshit , ya right

[@enlightnedsoul4124]

This aryan Dravidian theory is wrong... All Indians are descentants of Harappan Civilization and they still have a DNA identiy of 30% matching a harappan Skelton they found last year in haryana, India... The Indus valley or Harappan civilization is the oldest dated back to 8000 years..in fact the aryans didn't came from Europe, they left from Indus vallry to Europe around 4000-5000 years ago. The new proofs from Haryana Archeological site has many evidence that the world's first civilization evolved in India and later spread to elsewhere

[@ThursonJames]

@@enlightnedsoul4124 given that we share 98% of our genetic code with chimpanzees, how, exactly, would 30% Harappan DNA be impressive?

[@user-bw5ek8oz9g]

Already knowing most of this factology, I still really love these videos for they visualize maps, express life and feels of ancient people who even couldn't write. It really helps to get the FEEL of it - how it lived in space, time and human lifetimes. It's great to feel them as real people, who travelled, fought, communicated with other peoples etc, and not as bones and their shards.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you that's exactly what I want to do.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@keeperoftruth5951]

Another amazing video

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you

[@ranjanroy82]

Very interesting and informative

[@philomelodia]

Will there be a book based on this, then? I’ve just read the first two installments of your Gods of Bronze series. Inhaled them, one might say. You did an excellent job. I can’t wait to see what sort of tale you will spin from this material.

[@KManjunath-eg4gq]

K Aryans never came from outside India it's fake story, the people who live in India are called Aryans. There's no Aryan invasion theory. 1 ,

[@celtichistorydecoded]

Amazing video Dan, I had never heard of the Sintashta culture before watching this

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, glad you enjoyed it. A really amazing people.

[@user-ei5br4cs8z]

Amazing video

[@donbrown2391]

Wonderful. Insightful. Delightful. As usual....

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much.

[@AO-xd2ml]

BMAC (Bactria Margiana Complex) is an extremely important point before Indo-Iranians become the Iranians and Indians. BMAC was a prior advanced civilization that Andronovo would have fused with, at some point. That combination is what gives rise to Indo-Iranians.

[@DigoronKavkaz]

Yes gave rise to the Iranic people whereas the Indo-Aryans fused with IVC

[@AO-xd2ml]

@@DigoronKavkaz Yes, and IVC is maybe a misnomer because IVC also had a city called Shortugai, near the modern city of Kunduz in Afghanistan. It is in Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan, where this fusion of Indo-Aryan and IVC probably began.

[@Wolfen443]

Wow, amazing story to start the video City Building Nomadic Cultures are the transitory point between Nomadic and early City building Civilizations. Their contribution to Human History is under related or covered a lot. Just because they left behind not might cities and records that does not take anything away from them.

[@ravensthatflywiththenightm7319]

I was just thinking and wondering when your next upload would be and lo and behold, Crom heard my brain's mutterings.

[@Sarke2]

This is great informative video, glad i found your channel :)

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I'm glad too.

[@volfrax]

Another wonderful video! Thanks again for something lovely to watch with my morning coffee.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks for watching, enjoy your coffee.

[@holdenedwards8506]

How do you make such high quality, well researched videos so quickly?

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks. I work all day and all night every day. I'll need to slow down eventually.

[@holdenedwards8506]

@@DanDavisHistory yes, please don’t burn yourself out, I enjoy your content too much

[@hannanhub1717]

Such a beautiful video

[@mohammediqbal123]

Just found your channel. Brilliant stuff

[@Wog68]

When you mention Rig Veda refereeing something that appear to be connected to this culture of Shintashta, you are not considering the whole Rig Veda (and three other Vedas). Rig Veda also has rhymes referring to rising Sun from Sea in the East. Stepps is landlocked. There are also tales in Sanskrit about a sage named Agasthsya, who went east and engulfed water of the whole oceans IMHO, the whole idea of people moved from stepps in Central Asia to Indian subcontinent could be misleading. Recently, archeologists find 5000-7000 years old buried human remains and artifacts that include chariot, weapons, other items and edible remains. Chariots found display complex artwork. Once examination and thorough analysis these findings completes, it may require us to rethink that actual migration may have occurred out of India into Iran, Central Asia and finally to Europe. Also, while all languages northward of India has Indo-Aryan words at varied at random from region to region, Sanskrit as fully developed language has survived till today in India instead of in Stepps or Europe.

[@schoolkid1809]

Indus valley civilization People's 👥 are south Indian People's only ~ Recent Excavation in Tamilnadu Keelzadi Excavation proofs are connecting Indus valley civilization ~ Like Jallikattu Symbols - Red black Pots are in both Indus valley and Tamilnadu ~ Even Tamizili (Oldest Tamil language)Symbols are Founded

[@sveinoleaase]

Hello brother! India is a great nation that has and continues to give in full. And it does not take anything away from you that the origen of that particular influence comes from outside.

[@JoeDirt-lf6sb]

While reading Gods of Bronze, I’m also listening to The Horse, the Wheel and Language on my work commute. Absolutely fascinating, almost obsessive topic. Dan, have you run across any info on the wooden Sintashta chariot museum reconstruction you show here? The kurgan burial chariot remains seem more like a wooden frame, over which a hide or leather suspended platform, like later (Egyptian, Celtic, etc.) chariots had. Seems like that would explain the fact that only the frame seems to have survived in a recognizable form. On the other hand, perhaps they used a species of wood for the frames/axles that was more rot-resistant and the thinner boards of the floor and sides were of wood that didn’t last as long in the ground. I haven’t found much on the specifics of how the chariot was constructed or what informed the decisions of whoever built the reconstruction.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes there are questions around the designs due to issues of preservation. Oftentimes only the wheels are left or even only the marks in the ground indicating where the wheels were and so giving the width of the chariot and no further information. Some people have experimented with reconstructions based on the evidence. One specialist is named Ivan Semyan and he has an instagram account with a few snapped photos of reconstructions. Unfortunately a lot of the published info is exclusively in Russian so yes it is hard to know what the current thinking is.

[@JoeDirt-lf6sb]

@@DanDavisHistory Thanks for the Sayman reference. I'll check that out. I think I'll also look up an email address for David Anthony and see if he'd find the time for a response with his thoughts on the topic. His book so far references the width of chariots, wheel size, number of spokes, etc., but no mention of how the platform or box was made. He seems to have spent a lot of time studying Russian sources, so he probably has at least a hypothesis. My own current hypothesis is that the platforms were not planks. Lumber milling was done in the bronze age, but since building with hyde-lashed poles probably predated lumber carpentry, the earliest chariots were probably built this way. Hide suspension platforms would have offered not only better shock absorbing properties, but would also have been cheaper to make and easier to maintain than milled lumber planks. I'm 'nerding out' on this for two reasons; I'm a life-long woodworker and furniture maker and would love to build an accurate early Indo European chariot. Second, I'm also a police composite artist and an illustrator. For my own enjoyment, I'm working on an artistic representation of a steppe chariot team in combat, and I want to get the chariot right. I've painted the chariot to look like the Arkaim museum reconstruction, but the all-lumber box just doesn't seem to make sense.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

Great video. You may remember me. I love your channel. Great videos.

[@RandomHeroVIII]

Amazing video!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Glad you think so!

[@kathrinat9824]

I love that an Iranic culture is getting attention, often times the old European Iranic cultures are overlooked in the west :(

[@Akash11898]

Hinduism is one of the iranian religion

[@infinite5795]

@@Akash11898 Zorastrianism is a sub-branch of Hinduism from India.

[@shezyam460]

@@infinite5795 no, it developed seperately but retained the same roots as hinduism. Zoroastrianism and hinduism stem from the same core traditions and beliefs

[@fakegaming729]

Indo aryans were their ancestrers

[@kathrinat9824]

@@fakegaming729 their*

[@rankingresearchdata]

As you mentioned chariots in 1750 BC but in excavations in indian state of uttar pradesh the chariots was 1900 BCE found

[@DanDavisHistory]

Nope, those two wheeled ritual bullock carts are not chariots. Sintashta chariots date from c.2000 BC, and Abashevo had them earlier.

[@Ghost007-yu2jm]

@@DanDavisHistory what "two wheeled ritual bulllock cart"?? lol u people do everything to show other findings less great

[@shriharshadeva4794]

@@Ghost007-yu2jm I agree.

[@ramez4262]

Goes to show how biased these self proclaimed historians are.

[@rankingresearchdata]

@@DanDavisHistory those chariots are similar to Mesopotamian & Sumerian advance version but 2 wheel 🛞 chariots.... Hope you make a video on the first blade chariots which was created by Ajatshatru in the magadh empire and cover the topic of magadh dynasties and fall of early buddhism in starting of AD

[@irishseven100]

So interesting great job

[@JJLfilm]

You are doing a great job

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@Wowowomg]

Hey man, your videos are exceptional. Can’t believe I’m just now finding your channel. Love from Virginia, USA!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you

[@genoshistoria3487]

*Aliens observing humanity in 2300 BC* "Ok, the Kurgan era is over. Their prime is over. They took over Europe. They can't possibly do more." *Sintashta emerges in 2200 BC* mightier than any Kurgans before them. *Aliens…..* ”You’ve got be kidding me! These frickin' Kurgans just won’t stop.”

[@jamesvandemark2086]

Quite the lead-in! A BIG step up from leading a squad of mounted infantry!