it's π /4 Here's the derivation - Let's calculate the cross sectional area of a circle with a diameter, d, of 1 mil Start with the formula for area of a circle A = π r² R can be represented by diameter as d/2. Substitute d/2 for "r" in the area formula A = π (d/2)² = π/4 x d² Again, we have the value of d as 1mil A = π /4 * (1mil)² By definition, 1 circular mil (1cmil) is the area of a circle having diameter of 1 mil. Which means we can set the preceding statement equal to 1cmil A = π /4 * (1mil)² = 1cmil simplifying pi/4 results in: .7854 mil² = 1cmil Which is a ratio. This video gives you the "formula" where you plug sma into the sma literal and get the result For example "1 foot = 12 inches" is a ratio, not the formula to convert feet to inches