Canon Lenses | Depth of Field and Hyperfocal distance | Canon DSLR lens course - youtube

Hyperfocal length, from the Superb Canon DSLR lens course
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Welcome to this video on Canon lenses and Hyperfocal distance. Throughout this course, and in other courses on photography, you will be told that for your depth of field in a photograph, there is a connection between focal length, the distance of the subject from the lens and aperture. In this lecture I want to show you why. Lets begin with the idea of the circle of confusion. Lets imagine that the image in front of your camera is formed of millions of single points of light coming from the subject, background and foreground.
And the light coming into the camera, comes through the lens, and forms dots of color on the sensor, in the shape of a circle. when light hits the sensor from the lens, in order for it to be in focus, it must converge to a single point. If it does that, then it is sharp. If it converges to almost a single point, but not quite, then it may still look sharp, even though it is not - strictly speaking - in focus.
The widest diameter of the dot on the sensor, that still looks to be sharp is known as the circle of confusion. The actual physical size of the circle of confusion depends on the sensor in the camera, and can be worked out in an equation. so for example, on the Canon 1D it is 0.023mm and for the Canon APS-C range it is 0.018mm.
For lots of people, how the lens produces a shallow depth of field for bokeh pictures is really important, but there are going to be times when you want as much of your images as possible sharp - like when you are taking landscape pictures, for example. The natural thing to do would be to focus on the horizon so that the distant objects are sharp. But if you did that, you would be wasting a large amount of your depth of field because depth of field extends from in front of the subject to behind the subject at about 1/3rd in front and 2/3rds behind. So if you focused on the most distant object, you would be losing 2/3rds of the depth of field to beyond the horizon.
This is where the Hyperfocal distance comes in to play. The hyperfocal distance is the focal distance at which depth of field is maximised for a given aperture and focal-length combination. In other words, it is the where you focus the camera to get the most of your image acceptably sharp. Now there is an equation for this which will give you the precise measurements. It is a bit daunting and it makes Hyperfocal distance seem very complicated. I have included it in the resource notes with a full explanation if you want to take a look. Full frame cameras and crop frame cameras act differently and so have different Hyperfocal measurements. Now do remember that we are working with the actual focal length of the lens, not the effective focal lengths on crop frame cameras. For example, if we have an APS-C or crop factor camera, and a 20mm lens at F16 then The hyperfocal distance will be 4.4 ft or just over 1.3 metres. That means that everything from half that distance - 2.2 feet or 65 centimetres - to infinity will be sharp. Obviously, if you just focus on the farthest point, the depth of field in the foreground would not be that close to the camera. So If you want to shoot landscapes, or any pictures that need a wide depth of field, then knowing the hyperfocal distance is really important.
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