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Honey bees swarm to grow their populations. During the spring, the queen lays many eggs to grow their numbers. When the hive becomes crowded, they create queen cells. Once the first queen hatches, she takes over the old hive and the old queen takes half the hive and goes to look for a new place to live. That's how they expand and grow. Since she can't fly far, the queen sets down to rest and the swarm forms around her. That's what you see here.
Swarms go from 10,000-20,000 bees. This is on the larger end so it's likely 15,000-20,000 in number. By the end of the summer, these will get over 50,000 bees in the hive. Honey bee colonies are massive compared to other stinging insects.