When all else fails, Blame Teddy. (And you, and myself…you basically laid out my watch-buying trajectory over the last thirty years.)
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Hahaha. It's not my fault... I swear 😉
@shahan146511 ай бұрын
Fucking teddy baldy made me start loving conventional watches. I was big on smart watches before
@iamjuan0075 ай бұрын
😂
@DFlemming5 ай бұрын
I was hooked way before Mr Teddy came along. Besides, his prices are expensive.
@kyuu_shi_3 ай бұрын
It's Teddy's fault actually, I bought a few smartwatch, then I bought a Galaxy watch 4 Classic cause of the Omnitrix :) I was thinking of buying G-Shock wear OS, but now I am buying automatic watches one after another after watching Teddy ;-;
@zitimotleyxxjmxx11 ай бұрын
Teddy single handedly depleted my savings
@danielrojo-campos868111 ай бұрын
This hits home. The rush of buying a new watch is a real
@chrissimpson4538 ай бұрын
Yup and yes 5 minutes after sizing it and putting it on for the first time your already thinking about the one you "need" now😂😂😂😂
@mohit_228 ай бұрын
@@chrissimpson453😂
@aznddog2 ай бұрын
Yup
@richardmorris63652 ай бұрын
I definitely need a watch winder, I have this weird phobia to keep the autos running! Even a 70 hr reserve is not enough.
@kristene23722 ай бұрын
I just bought a new solar watch a week ago and almost bought another today 😂 so true
@momo292511 ай бұрын
Bro you are SO right.....watch collection is an addiction and mine started exactly as you presented...EXACTLY
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Haha. I know, because I live it
@MAYNOR826 ай бұрын
Exactly the same here. I had a Movado museum watch and thought I was good. For some reason YT algorithm threw The Urban Gentry & Teddy at me. After a few days of binging, I wondered why they didn’t do a video on Movado. “Oh! I get it now!” First watch: Orient Tristar 2nd: Mondaine Automatic 3rd: Tissot PRX (powermatic) 4th: CasiOak (clear) Today: 3 Omegas & one Longine + MoonSwatch & “System 50 Fathoms”. Of course I’m not done & looking to expand the collection. 😅
@kylestokes450110 ай бұрын
I’m in the Chronic Terminal Phase where I scratched an expensive one on a parking meter, and now I relapsed back to a Seiko 5 and the Swiss Safe Queens are safe once more. And I am into Vintage Cameras as well!!! Having a sweet enabler as a wife is key to this Disease Process.
@darshanhandi2910 ай бұрын
My grand dad use to tell winding is not time waste, it's discipline which u show to ppl life time
@ahchiu911 ай бұрын
This video is as accurate as a quartz watch
@princefriendship3 ай бұрын
Nice comment 👍
@boboiboy9350Ай бұрын
horological joke. I see what you did there 😂
@greggstrasser579127 күн бұрын
@@boboiboy9350 I was looking for someone to point this out because I don't understand what autos are even a thing. More parts, higher maintenance schedule, higher price, etc. This is better tho.
@bluehornet19717 күн бұрын
Atomic clock would have been funnier you can't get more accurate than the atomic clock
@CattaAttoAI11 ай бұрын
😂😂😂 I've got 148 watches, all working. Collected them since I was 16, when I got a job. In the last 10 years I've learn how to clean the movement and now I'm taking care of them all the time. I still got the watch from my dad, a 1980 Tissot, it's working better that all the others 😊
@turbolenza3510 ай бұрын
Is difficult to clean?
@CattaAttoAI10 ай бұрын
@@turbolenza35 it is a little difficult at first, you can see KZbin videos, depending on what movement you want to work on. There are millions of videos on what to do, how to clean, what kind of tools you need
@hasansaifi12714 ай бұрын
You should make KZbin shorts for each of them
@Gottiline_Ace4 ай бұрын
I just bought a Tissot Seastar Powermatic and I absolutely love it. I would love to watch some of your shorts on cleaning them!
@szalaierik4 ай бұрын
Respect.
@PridelandGamingOffical11 ай бұрын
Agreed. I started with tissot and never stopped buying. Said to myself only three watches for tEveryday, dress, diver type. Now buying more watches for different colour and style combinations 😂
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Hahahah, the collection grows and grows
@nguyentrananhnguyen79009 ай бұрын
Newbie question What differentiates dress watch and everyday watch?
@graemegala10 ай бұрын
The way to put this in check is to just buy your grail watch. Problem solved itch scratched then buy a casio for day to day use
@williamthomas610610 ай бұрын
Except that once you buy your grail watch, it isn't a grail watch anymore, and you always seem to find the next "grail" watch. Like Lays...You can't eat just one.
@mircron614711 ай бұрын
As someone with a small collection of quartz watches and only 1 automatic watch, sometimes it gets annoying to keep setting the time on the automatic if I haven't worn it for a few days.
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Yeah, I don't bother setting the time on an automatic until I go to wear it
@mohamedfasil493211 ай бұрын
Understandable 😅
@Smoshylife11 ай бұрын
Sorry for your first world problems
@khazelnut11 ай бұрын
I either have to set it precise to the second or I just wear it without setting the time when I just use it like an accessory
@thatsawesome206011 ай бұрын
Time for winding box storage 😂
@SlimDonni10 ай бұрын
I relate. I went down this rabbit Hole, now i cant stop collecting.
@nickbee1291Ай бұрын
Absolute truth. Started with a Seiko 5, then a tsuyosa, then a PRX all within about 10 months. Now I’m looking for my next step up.
@jjgalletta6611 ай бұрын
Citizen Eco Drive’s are the best. Seiko’s too. Anything solar powered is pretty much a winner in my book.
@deanwaller828311 ай бұрын
Anything with a 10 year battery life is also acceptable
@russell677711 ай бұрын
I have two solar powered watches, one sieko and one Citizen, I just leave them on a windowsill when I’m wearing something else, pretty unbeatable TBH
@carpentersson7710 ай бұрын
Esspecially when it stops not exposed to light in order to save batterylife and then comming back to life when exposed to light again. That's why I prefer japanese watches over those from Swiss. Japanese watches are better and more suitable in the everyday usage.
@indyrock81489 ай бұрын
A citizen super titanium is always nice
@nAcolz9 ай бұрын
@@carpentersson77left my 12+ years old solar powered Seiko in a drawer for the past 2 years and the battery died. Now waiting for a replacement accumulator to come in the service where I left them and I miss them more than I have over the 2 years when I didn't wear them. Stupid me
@agene55837 күн бұрын
This is so true! Teddy’ review convinced me to keep buying watches!! hahaha
@markiangooley3 ай бұрын
I’m somewhat protected because I want ten seconds a year accuracy. That means quartz watches with radio or GPS satellite sync, or at least thermocompensated quartz watches. Photovoltaic cells under the dial really do a good job of keeping a quartz watch running. Not as elegant as self-winding woks, tru.
@PickleToothpasteАй бұрын
My only automatic watch is from a Czech bran JVD. Didn't like the metal bracelet so I swapped it for leather. The only thing I don't like about this watch is that the date wheel gets progressively unreadable as the date cycle is moving close to the next day. The movement is NH-35a. Is this normal or it can be set in a way the date would move only at 0:00 instead of progressively when in the evening the date starts hiding from me?
@Vickmeister15 күн бұрын
I’ve been getting addicted to watches lately. Already have three automatic watches: 2 Tissot and 1 Hamilton khaki, which is my every day watch… I do not understand why automatic watches are even a thing. I have to constantly adjust the time either due to lack of use or the watch somehow gets a few min ahead of actual time I’m losing interest fast in automatic watches
@TheJollycoppers3 ай бұрын
Love my automatic Hamilton Field Watch. Already looking at an Omega or Nomos. I'm falling into the black hole of collecting.(:
@ChronometerCheck3 ай бұрын
Welcome to the club, my friend
@codmasterax11 ай бұрын
Everything I see a watch ⌚️ that is famous I get obsessed with it until I buy it when I buy it I get obsessed with another watch I just can't stop 😂
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
That's how it goes, my friend. :) Enjoy the process
@Deevel794 ай бұрын
I’ve worn a citizen eco drive watch for the past 12yrs. Keeps time accurately, and requires no svc. It has a sapphire crystal glass, and looks great. Best part is?……it cost me $270!
@MohitRaheja11 ай бұрын
please make a video about alba watches, a seiko sub brand!!
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Have made a few. Nice watches for the price!
@MohitRaheja11 ай бұрын
@@ChronometerCheckohh thanks! i found that one
@XeMuotTuoiXanh11 ай бұрын
I just bought the Alba Aqua diver 200m. It outdelivers for its price
@Tycell11 ай бұрын
Just ordered my first automatic watch. How much trouble am I in?😂
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Let me ask you this... How much self control do you have?
@Tycell11 ай бұрын
@@ChronometerCheck If i can afford it? About as much as a kid in a candy stor.
@davidcrandall495811 ай бұрын
A LOT!
@davideojockey623711 ай бұрын
you have no idea
@riflemusket9 ай бұрын
You are doomed, my friend. Welcome to Horology. 😝😝😝
@mrsinistarr9 күн бұрын
Hahaha .. im in the midst of this all at the moment .. this is accurate AF 😂
@RafaelMoralesjr732 ай бұрын
Heheheheh 😂 I see what you did there mister!!! Kinda subtle way to start a compulsive way to collecting or the love for watches! Great video
@davepaturno42902 ай бұрын
I have two Seiko kinetic watches. The newest one has a kinetically-charged battery that lasts for up to three months without being worn. The older one can go two months. I did have to design a watch winder that can charge the battery to at least a week of reserve per hour of watch winder operation, so 12 hours of watch winder used gets you 3 months of charge.
@ernestoruiz2962 ай бұрын
I started in July 2024, and now it’s October 2024 and I now have an Omega Speedmaster white dial, a Rolex Submariner (no date), an Omega Planet Ocean black all-ceramic and titanium, and my recent purchase of Grand Seiko SBGM221. I’m waiting a few weeks before walking into the Rolex AD and picking up a Datejust 😫
@Jayfotoshop11 ай бұрын
Just sold my submariner, fortunately for more than I paid. Setting the Date and time everytime I wore was too much. Next watch will be a solar/quartz.
@issacstephens29766 күн бұрын
Bro gaslighting ability is something outa foklor ☠️😭😂😂😂😂
@bigmarco6 ай бұрын
41 hours is not enough. I wish my watch had a power reserve display. so I know when to give it a spiny spin.
@d.kashani11 ай бұрын
binging on teddy’s reviews is an addiction
@potownrobАй бұрын
But what about that silky smooth movement? Can you get anything like that with a quartz movement?
@sloth_energy8 күн бұрын
There are a few out there, Bulova Precisionist 262 khz among them
@potownrob8 күн бұрын
@@sloth_energysome day I’ll consider that a viable option; they need to make it in more designs first.
@sloth_energy8 күн бұрын
@@potownrob Bulova Jet Star is a more sober range. A search for 262KHz will likely show others offered by them.
@capohd285 ай бұрын
I'm trying to go the other way. Make my own. Plan to change my movement on my Seiko SNSX and to a sapphire crystal. Got parts on the way to build a pilot and GMT watch.... I may consider trying restoring over time. But I plan to avoid killing my budget with status symbols. I do have to say though that Omega moonwatches look awful enticing 😂
@robertsmith43273 ай бұрын
I've got a Bulova automatic that my Dad wore when I was a young man in the early 1960's, still running but it gains about 5 minutes in a 24 hour period
@thiagohiromi18492 ай бұрын
Just started on this and is like you just predicted my future
@Totemparadox11 ай бұрын
My first watch was a Luminox Navy Seal 3051 for my conscript service. Great great watch. Then I bought a Luminix Constellation Automatic and it's still my main watch. I want a Tudor GMT but they're still out of my price range so maybe a microbrand GMT will do.
@MohammedKhaled-ju7gy7 ай бұрын
I would say Don’t start with a cheap seiko. Instead spend 500-1000 on your first automatic. If you like it congrats onwards and upwards and if you don’t like to interact with it, well now you’ve a watch that you wear on special occasion that gets interests from others
@johnperez744713 күн бұрын
Bro, you watching me through the camera yesterday everything you said like Word for Word is what happened to me yesterday😳😂
@BOYVIRGO66620 күн бұрын
considering i went from a casio oceanus to an Omega Seamaster split second in under a month this feels like a personal attack.
@ee63502 ай бұрын
I haven't bought a watch in almost two years and this video created more of a lure and pull than any of the cited other streamers
@Good_at_clips10 ай бұрын
Yes, this is true. But thankfully I learned after buying my second Seiko 5 Sport series. I’m done for watches. I got 3 that are for different occasions and that’s that.
@nap15200323 күн бұрын
You had me at perpetual calendars
@blobrana85154 ай бұрын
The downside is it doesn't keep time, compared to a quartz or eco drive
@ricardorgomez2 ай бұрын
For a second there... I thought your were dissing Teddy and I was going to go medieval on you... But then realized this was a satire on the watch collecting experience... Pretty darn funny. :-D 20 years ago, I'd be going crazy with watch collecting. I thank God that the bad times from that time long ago don't make me want to go crazy with collecting. Part of the thrill, for me at least, is the wait. Like building up the courage to asking that incredible woman out....
@loum.43772 ай бұрын
Love my Rolex Oyster Quartz. Automatics are a pain, the winders are garbage and break. So they sit dead in the box.
@eazyt845 ай бұрын
Quick Q to ChronometerCheck and the community. What's your opinion...? I am also a victim of Teddy. Started with an automatic Seiko Presage. Was looking into sth like Longines. Now checked some videos on Citizen, Timex and Zeppelin and noticed that they also have some interesting heritage. Plus the winding of mechanical watches annoys me. long story short: Why not collect beautiful cheaper Quartz watches? Are people into that?
@reynaldoflores45222 ай бұрын
As long as you have the budget for it, just buy what you want !
@hjb1199Ай бұрын
I feel so relieved that I am not the only one having this thing going on with watches...
@mumbaijazz2 ай бұрын
The best buy is a Citizen Eco-Drive. Under $250 dollars could get you a feather light Titanium you can wear every day for 15 years without needing a day's attention for servicing or battery change!
@Broc.R16 күн бұрын
Facts! 🔥 be careful buying an automatic watch
@Ilovedjkhaled9115 ай бұрын
Can you make a video about watches that keep value or can be increasing in value? As a form of investment
@ferrari88410 ай бұрын
Tell you what, when I finally buy the last two watches that you showed in this video, I’ll stop.
@pedrothevenard6 ай бұрын
No you won't.
@racingdreamz80212 ай бұрын
He’s right….i bought my first watch a month ago & now I’m 5 watches in, I’m fk’ing addicted
@daltonreed655310 ай бұрын
Up late binging @TeddyBaldassarre - that hits too close to home 😂
@ChronometerCheck10 ай бұрын
Been there too many nights
@ahmedbarzanji93136 сағат бұрын
I have a habit of collecting of all sorts of watches in my collection for my own enjoyment if it’s automatic, quartz or mechanical you can name it you live once so enjoy the moment with happiness and love .
@ahmedbarzanji93136 сағат бұрын
Please whom ever sees my tweet correct me if I am wrong I respect your video but brother we live only once.
@shahinfarzana302611 ай бұрын
what do you think about chinese brand like naviforce, olevs
@Ryfrye11 ай бұрын
I started with an oris bcdp but I think im gonna pick up a gold pvd prx quartz as a secondary. Anyway I can get your help finding a secondary bracelet for the 40mm oris? 600ish $ is a bit too high atm lol
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Check out Strapcode, Uncle Seiko, and Islander. They make some of the best third party bracelets I've found on the market. But you'll most likely need to get a straigth lug version. I'm not sure if any brands make third party bracelets custom fitted to Oris (I may be wrong!)
@goldgeologist5320Ай бұрын
You failed to mention the major issue with any mechanical! The expense of cleaning and servicing every couple of years!
@safi84711 ай бұрын
What model is the Seiko with the black face and Arabic numbers? Thank you!
@fueradelmeta5 ай бұрын
I stopped caring about features when I started caring about my wallet.
@ChronometerCheck5 ай бұрын
@@fueradelmeta 🤣🤣
@antslim16811 ай бұрын
Casio Royale with a 10 year battery, perpetual calendar, 100m WR, 5 alarms, 48 city time zone, very accurate and $30. If it breaks get another one 😂😂😂
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
This guy knows value
@Jmike6646811 ай бұрын
I got Casio Royale for $7 - now that’s a deal.
@MrRlw30811 ай бұрын
So true that is exactly how my journey has gone so far.
@aalokgohil2 ай бұрын
This is frightenly accurate lol 😂
@__9837Ай бұрын
This has been every single watch nerds experience. Every, single, one of us.
@carlosvaldes56958 күн бұрын
First Seiko model?
@brothermissy77602 ай бұрын
That Squale looked nice… I must have it! 😂😂
@MikeyyPham18 күн бұрын
Just went from a samsung watch to a Tudor which I have wanted for long time. Now I keep looking at a Omega that twice the price of the Tudor.. this is true addiction
@greatlakesdoug612111 ай бұрын
I think you've described the intro into watch collecting quite accurately.
@JimenezMed2 ай бұрын
I’m contemplating on purchasing my first automatic watch soon (seiko 5 snk381k) and I’m concerned what you say will happen to me 🤣🤣🤣
@TucoDog-ho6fw5 ай бұрын
I finally wised up after decades of using automatic watches. They’re going on the block soon and I’ll never buy anything but a quartz watch again
@workingtools299910 ай бұрын
Sometimes I think its better when I was just buying Rolex and Rado coz it takes me about 2 years or so to buy a new one, until I got into seiko's and now I have 13 pieces in just 1 year. And still looking at stores like, FB marketplace, kijiji, ebay, amazon, etc.
@Nonamenina25 күн бұрын
What is the Seiko model shown first here? Asking for a friend ....
@stc19396 ай бұрын
Can you suggest one good watch for budget with better function
@ILikeCheeseOnBees11 күн бұрын
Quartz Casio watches
@zsb7076 ай бұрын
I stopped buying watches in 2017 with the purchase of two automatic timepieces: a diver (SMPc, black lacquer dial) and a racing chronograph (Carrera Heuer 01, non-skeleton). I have them in my daily rotation so that none of them should stop working 😊.
@Rd-bi7vr15 күн бұрын
Watch collecting is a bottomless hole for the wallet !!
@syrupybrandy27883 ай бұрын
I prefer seiko solar, best of both worlds. Doesn't stop if you don't wear it for a few days. No need to replace the battery for 10+ years.
@elfsunmoon420310 ай бұрын
My wife gift me an automatic Tissot PRX yesterday! Don't tell me what to do! Joking, nice video.
@unfilteredresolve-devingui419019 күн бұрын
So what I heard was I'm going to love my new automatic watch from Alfred Sung I just bought. The skeleton kind.
@TexasAristocrat3 ай бұрын
I legitimately felt like you were talking about me here…
@johnafsoc892910 ай бұрын
Listen fellow horological fans. It’s only an addiction if you’re trying to quit. Collect on my fellow time keepers. Collect on!
@ChronometerCheck10 ай бұрын
Also remember.... It's not an addiction. It's a collection ;)
@_PJW_11 ай бұрын
Really? I just bought the ADDIESDIVE MY-H2 Automatic Pilot 'Sterile version'. Stainless steel case and bracelet, with the Seiko Caliber NH35A movement inside. No logo, no nonsense functionality or adornments. Just time and date. Awesome.
@hircine92h6 ай бұрын
Should've bought the Mecha-Quartz one. Its too good.
@Orgena_Deconstructed11 ай бұрын
Thanks. My addiction to watches has just gotten much worse since discovering this channel. Thanks.
@sysmith54365 ай бұрын
Yup, started with that same Seiko 5, then the Orient Kamasu, now I'm looking at Tissot and Hamilton....
@iDreamOfOkra6 ай бұрын
I actually just bought the 42mm of that Arabic Seiko from Jomashop. Of course, the horrible bracelet got tossed immediately and was replaced by a leather band. I'm honestly surprised at how accurate that old movement on that watch is! But yeah, the Christpher Ward C1 Moonphase is next... :D
@LambentOrt11 ай бұрын
Don't get into watches. Period!
@sedattanyer7384 ай бұрын
Honestly, it was quite the opposite for me, I got one automatic seiko 5 out of curiosity and I think I'll just stick to quartz from now on, it's a very cool concept and the mechanism and the craftsmanship is great of course, But if you just want a watch to use it, quartz is more useful. Runs all the time, no need to set the time like every week because you stop wearing it for 2 days, just less of a hassle.
@modern_memory3 ай бұрын
And the 3-5 year maintenance, no thanks. I want a watch not a BMW
@borcekocev70132 ай бұрын
I have Bulova jet star precsionist in-house movement very accurate, and the second hand is smoother then any automatic out there... But i also have 30 other watches from Seiko, Citizen, Orient, Certina, Hamilton, Tissot and Longines all automatics😊
@johnwang99145 ай бұрын
Well else would they make watches without hand winding and second hand hacking. There's a reason why we call the Seiko 5, an entry level automatic. However, the lack of hand winding really isn't an issue as normal wrist movements should be able to wind a watch fully within a short period of time and there's always the Seiko shake. If you ever need to hand wind, then your watch probably needs an overhaul and oiling. As to second hacking, now the manual says not to roll the watch back in time, to always set it forwards, however if you do try setting it back in time, you should notice the second hand moves backwards when you do this, even just putting a small bit of tension on the crown instead of actually rolling back causes the second hand to move backwards. Hacking is the ability to freeze the second hand and releasing it when the actual time reaches that position though the hacking of military watches is the ability to set the second hand to the zero seconds position, however, just being able to roll the second hand back in time allows you to set your second hand to the appropriate time. Of course, if you're going to worry about the second hand, you'll need to find a watchmaker with a timegrapher who can properly calibrate your watch, Seiko considers a watch acceptable if it's as much as 40 seconds off a day, five minutes a week, so you would need to tweak it to get it as close in precision as possible or the hacking would be meaningless. I suppose you could adjust your watch yourself as it's adjusted with a screwdriver and it's marked plus and minus to either side but be careful as it's close to some very delicate mechanisms namely the hair spring which oscillates back and forth. Also, you need to have a very dry environment or you'll get condensations in the watch crystal, I used a Tupperware tub filled with all the silica gel packets I could find on the basis that dry air is heavier then humid air, to get rid of the condensation.
@TheOtherSteel8 ай бұрын
You're telling me to not get an IWC Portugieser Eternal Calendar, an automatic. If I ever get the money, I will certainly get this watch, one of the most incredible on Earth.
@ayaad922012 күн бұрын
Crazy since the first watch in the vid is the exact first automatic watch I bought
@Gottiline_Ace4 ай бұрын
I feel personally attacked! I love my Citizen Nighthawk. But you know what I love more? My NEW Tissot Seastar. 😂😂
@lecuae2 ай бұрын
Had Seiko sports 5, just bought day date Tissot Powermatic loved it. Next would be Omega seamster.
@ChinmayKashid6 күн бұрын
Journey should stop at PRX Powermatic for most guys. Anything above that, you are paying for the snob value.
@jamesmustin72892 ай бұрын
I have both old Omega that are manual. Seiko Alpinist. Invicta. Pro diver and a Elgin pocket watch. Everyday i set my watches with the IPhone Atomic clock app.. No problem
@billable18612 ай бұрын
When I first came across teddys channel I heard it as Bulbasaur so since that was my first impression I can’t unhear it. He is the Prof. Oak of watches!
@ChronometerCheck2 ай бұрын
That is the best analogy I have ever heard
@DeRobez11 ай бұрын
So accurate 😂
@otei527411 ай бұрын
Yeah my first one was a seiko 5 and two weeks ago i got a patek💀 rip my car dreams
@DeRobez11 ай бұрын
@@otei5274 You don’t need a car when you have a Patek 😂
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
Woahhhh, congrats!!!
@ChronometerCheck11 ай бұрын
More accurate than my watch
@richardmorris63652 ай бұрын
Dont like those weird markers on the Seiko,prefer a batton w/ some loom.
@timkatsapas5 ай бұрын
You literally explained my path 😅 Swiss Military -> Seiko 5 -> Tissot Le Locle Powermatic... What next?! Haha
@rubenowitzv.3135Ай бұрын
Seiko 5 Sports Automatic Map 🗺️ Meter 24/7 👍🏻✨
@unfilteredresolve-devingui419019 күн бұрын
So what I heard was I'm going to live my new automatic watch from Alfred Sung I just bought. The skeleton kind.