CO-TRANSPORT and ACTIVE TRANSPORT - sodium and glucose co-transport in the ileum fro A-level biology

[@oscarl2605]

made me cry, am now switching to economics cheers

[@sidra7771]

@@thatpersonthatishere8295 yeh took me out

[@Babgtrfv]

Econ will make u cry more

[@sidra7771]

@@Babgtrfv is it that bad 😭

[@KingslinaOboh]

So,how is economics treating you now!?

[@oscarl2605]

@@KingslinaOboh doing a biology degree now 😂

[@hamzza8963]

Ur a legend for this yt channel keep it up

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Thank you so much! Really please you're liking my content.

[@stevejones3662]

Excellent explanations. This is complex but you make it as clear as possible. Great stuff!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Thank you 😊

[@beracahumoru5199]

Thank you so much, this will really help as I'm writing my MOCKs in an hour time

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Best of luck! Hope it went well

[@aylxn]

ME RN

[@farihascooking6664]

you made it so much easier, thanks your angel☺

[@absolutelynot_here]

Currently sobbing

[@Addictedtoapex]

Your videos are helping me for a better understanding. Thank you Miss Estruch

[@MissEstruchBiology]

You're very welcome! So glad they are helping you :D

[@keerthanaa.v9924]

Thank you very much ma'am 😊

[@abdiaya5827]

Thank you dr very useful explain form iraq 🇮🇶

[@MissEstruchBiology]

So glad it helped!!!

[@seeyar3302]

why is there a higher concentration of glucose in the epithelial cell than the ileum?

[@savannahsaid6906]

I am guessing the cells already contain stored glucose for them to use when energy is needed hence they are broken down when this process occurs which explains why it is always higher in the cell.

[@t0b1.419]

look at the adaptation of epithelial cells

[@ak-7865]

Hi is active transport across a selectively permeable membrane or no

[@MissEstruchBiology]

hey, it occurs through carrier proteins which are embedded within a plasma membrane

[@Zee123.]

THANKYOU SM! Makes so much more sense now.

[@MissEstruchBiology]

So pleased it helped

[@Zee123.]

When phosphate ion is released will it be inside cell or not? 3:48

[@heartsfromcaitlin]

not entirely sure but my best guess would be that it's released inside the cell as they're needed in a condensation reaction with/to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP again - if Pi ions were constantly released outside of the cell surely there'd be a deficit eventually

[@t0b1.419]

@@heartsfromcaitlin correct

[@ImranAwan-n9s]

If products are constantly removed by the blood, why would sodium be actively transported into the blood?

[@kaylalim7223]

😮🎉😢😢😢😢

[@mohid0786]

General question, do we have to know why active & co-transport are required or not ? - as long as we know how the process is done

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hey, yes you do need to know why they are required. This is explained in my plasma membrane video ☺️

[@oliviaglanville8472]

Hi miss, you briefly touched on the sodium-potassium pump - is this on the spec and could I be asked questions on it? Thank you.

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hello, Yes you do, as this is a component in the co-transport of glucose /amino acids. The sodium-potassium pump also comes up again in topic 6 when learning about the nervous response (resting and action potentials).

[@avihabegum6973]

Thank you I finally understand this!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

You're welcome, glad it helped 😊

[@jasonsingh9698]

Miss at 8:22 you say the sodium ions and glucose/amino acid molecules diffuse through facilitated diffusion by a co- transported protein “against its concentration gradient”. Shouldn’t it be down it’s concentration gradient as it’s diffusion not active transport?

[@JWC-rk2ig]

The Sodium ion is attached to the glucose molecule. The sodium ion goes down its concentration gradient, allowing the glucose to be taken into the epithelial cell against its concentration gradient

[@ponynuts4784]

Hello - thank you for this! Why is the glucose transported out of the cell into the blood via a protein channel and not a protein carrier? I thought glucose is too big of a molecule for channels which are used for charged particles? X

[@tanveersandhu4796]

Glucose is too big to be simply diffused through the membrane therefore needs a medium like a protein carrier that allows it too pass through. Im am pretty sure you are right and they are transported by a GLUT, and you learn in later education.

[@pratikshyarijal1913]

Hasn't she mentioned glucose transports into capillaries through facilitated diffusion (diffusion that occur through protein carrier) ? Plz watch from 8:00 . Hope it helps

[@eshitajaiswal553]

Can't thank u enough!!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

You're welcome. Glad it helped :D

[@ImranAwan-n9s]

How would you summarise this onto flashcards?

[@pratikshyarijal1913]

I have trouble understanding one thing. Is fructose also absorbed by this mechanism??? My book says glucose and galactose by active process and fructose by facilitated diffusion. 😅

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hello, That's correct, fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion, not co-transport.

[@pratikshyarijal1913]

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you so much ma'am. Also i forgot to say one thing, your voice is so soothing and calming 😇

[@emmagilmartin4127]

so for amino acids do i just replace the glucose with amino acids and its the same exact process

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Yup, exactly that! :D

[@ibrahimmiah562]

Thank you for the help! Quick question, do you recommend the CGP revision guide or the AQA a level biology by glen toole? I know they are both great resources, but for students aiming for A/A* which one is better?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Well they are different as one is the textbook and the other a revision guide. The textbook is what I use with my students and it is good.

[@ibrahimmiah562]

@@MissEstruchBiology Thank you for the reply! Also, i find it struggle to apply my knowledge when doing past paper questions. What would you recommend for me to do so i can boost my grade?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hello Take a look at my exam technique playlist kzbin.info/aero/PLOfYYgIrtVMjX1HstD3MQGYCfGk10AZRh The critical analysis video may help. I also have a whole free booklet of application type exam questions on my website, missestruch.com which will provide practise to help you improve

[@maniteez]

thank you so much for this video!! you're saving my life :D question, so my teacher hasn't mentioned anything about co-transport and stuff about the ileum... It's in my CGP book but not in my notes booklet from college... I'm doing the AQA spec and my teacher hasn't said a word about co-transport. Instead my teacher made us learn about bulk transport (exocytosis & endocytosis) but I don't think that's on the spec, or is co-transport and bulk transport the same thing?... :(

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hello, 3.2.3 transport across membranes states co-transport (illustrated by the absorption of sodium ions and glucose by cells lining the mammalian ileum). 3.3.3 Digestion and absorption states Mechanisms for the absorption of the products of digestion by cells lining the ileum of mammals, to include: co-transport mechanisms for the absorption of amino acids and of monosaccharides This is different to bulk transport, but you need to know both. Hope that helps.

[@ellar168]

Thank you so much for this video! Just 1 question: is this mechanism for the absorption of glucose into the ileum, the same mechanism for absorption of amino acids into the ileum? Instead of a glucose unit it's an amino acid??

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Yes, exactly the same 😊

[@ellar168]

@@MissEstruchBiology Thank you so much! :))

[@gabrielmensah6113]

4: 59 is what i find it very difficult to understand. how can epithelial cell of the ileum have more glucose concentration than the lumen of the gut. AFTER CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION, AND BEFORE ABSORPTION IT IS RATIONAL FOR THE LUMEN TO CONTAIN MORE GLUCOSE THAN THE EPITHELIAL CELLS. I REALLY WANTS TO UNDERSTAND THIS CONCEPT

[@denismolla7085]

Me too,this was also the reason why I have seen so many videos,but I haven't understood,have you?

[@mould4604]

does the actual cotransport of Na and glucose into epithelial cell require ATP or is it just facilitated diffusion?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

That stage is facilitated

[@mould4604]

@@MissEstruchBiology thanks 🙆‍♂️

[@huda8482]

Thank you very much, I have a question, do we need to know how different temperatures affect the membrane for AQA?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

That links to one of the required practicals, yeah

[@rubiksworld2170]

Hi Miss, I was wondering why the concentration of glucose is higher in the epithelial cells compared to the ileum lumen? If you eat, wouldn’t there be a higher concentration of glucose in the ileum. From what I understand, would glucose first move into epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion. And then when there is less glucose in the ileum than epithelial cells, the glucose would have to be co-transported in from the ileum lumen? And as there will usually be a high concentration of glucose in the epithelial cells, they move into the blood (capillaries) via facilitated diffusion

[@savannahsaid6906]

I am guessing the cells already contain stored glucose for them to use when energy is needed hence they are broken down when this process occurs which explains why it is always higher in the cell.

[@iqrahafsahussain]

great video!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Thanks!

[@islambradfordcentre]

thanks! does glucose enter the cell by active transport or facilitated diffusion?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

It enters from the lumeb into the epithelial cell by co-transport

[@okaya1463]

OHMYGOD you saved my life thank youu

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Ahh so glad it has helped you ☺

[@ann8428]

What does “spanning the cell membrane” mean Miss

[@MissEstruchBiology]

hello, It means it is embedded all the way through rather than just being attached to the surface. Hope that helps

[@ann8428]

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you 😊

[@dinahsmandell3502]

thank you, this helped me understand it in a different way from class :)

[@MissEstruchBiology]

So glad ☺

[@ell6311]

Thank you for the video 💕 Do you have a video on the sodium potassium pump?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

You're welcome kzbin.info/www/bejne/eHe7fGp6mJJ0gLs This covers the sodium potassium pump.

[@nozamcg8951]

Really helpful, Thankyou

[@MissEstruchBiology]

You're welcome 😊 Glad it had helped you.

[@dileen4671]

so is glucose actively transported?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

it's co-transport, but part of that process requires ATP

[@KL-fd6gn]

Thank you so much I have a question but what is the definition of concentration gradient ?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Concentration gradient means a difference in concentration between two areas (and can be separated by a membrane). Going down a concentration gradient means moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

[@KL-fd6gn]

Miss Estruch thank you so much !!!!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

you're welcome 😊

[@diyaresf2296]

what about postassium

[@joshmalton3997]

Hi miss, I have seen a few people refer to the physical thing that moves the Na+ and K+ as the sodium-potassium pump. Is it vital that we refer to it as this or is it not necessary?

[@MissEstruchBiology]

It is a protein co transport pump and those and the two ions it pumps hence the name, so you would need to know that

[@deni7699]

Hi miss, I have a question. What is the difference between carrier proteins and channel proteins? I am a bit confused on them! Thanks :)

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hey, I think you'll find this video helpful. I go through the difference here kzbin.info/www/bejne/qZWQdoxrZtFnaZo

[@Amandeepk_d]

Hi miss, amazing video thank you! Quick question when glucose moves from the ileum to the epithelial cells does it move by facilitated diffusion? Also in the textbook, it says against the concentration gradient which is why I am confused. Thanks :)

[@user-oe4yl6zt5u]

No it moves by active transport against its concentration gradient

[@hanaahmad9906]

Glucose is moving against its concentration gradient and sodium is moving down its concentration gradient simultaneously.

[@AG-ql1sy]

Hello I don’t quite understand why this process occurs :D From my understanding there is the: LUMEN EPITHELIAL CELL BLOOD. So the concentration of glucose is high in epithelial cell, so surely that can be diffused into the blood by facilitied diffusion as there is always low concentration of glucose in the blood as it’s circulated around , so high conc to low conc of glucose from epithelial cell to blood. Then once the glucose has been diffused out of the epithelial cell into the blood, wouldn’t the glucose in the lumen have a high concentration and the glucose in epithelial be low concentration so that’s high to low diffusion again...?

[@AG-ql1sy]

Think this might make more sense , erm so 5:01 you said the concentration of glucose is really high in epithelial cell, what’s stopping it from just diffusing into the blood by facilitated diffusion and then ending up with low concentration of glucose in the epithelial cell ... then that concentration of glucose in epithelial cell is lower than the concentration of glucose in lumen so there’s a high to low concentration gradient there...? Hope that makes sense, thanks :)

[@pratikshyarijal1913]

I was thinking same. Biology is weird. Isn't it? 😭😵

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Hello, I know what you mean. The reason is, there is only a high concentration gradient in the epithelial cell because of the co-transport. Glucose doesn't have another way to enter. Also, if it was to do it in stages as you described it would be a much slower absorption process and potentially not meet respiration demands.

[@joleymclaren8772]

Woah this is really helpful thank you!

[@MissEstruchBiology]

Thank you 😊 So pleased it helped you