Computer Memory Explained | How RAM Works

[@OptimisticFuturology]

Want to learn more about the Technological Revolution? Watch our playlist here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3-6pKKNn999irM - ALSO - Become a KZbin member for many exclusive perks from exclusive posts, bonus content, shoutouts and more! subscribe.futurology.earthone.io/member - AND - Join our Discord server for much better community discussions! subscribe.futurology.earthone.io/discord

[@nishiki393]

This is really amazing content, I have loved it all! Thank you so much Ankur!!! So far you are the ONLY creator that I listen to at regular speed, because you talk plenty fast enough for the level of technical content you cover. Well produced, and information-dense, and always very enlightening… I learn a lot from every episode! THANK YOU (and any behind-the-scenes help, if any) SO MUCH!!! I just increased my Petrreon pledge to $3/month, and I encourage others to please help out, help support great content… This is a new channel trying to get off the ground, and I was shocked to see that, Ankur, even with my pledge, still only totals three donors and $9/month. This is ridiculous! Come on people, please don’t just leech... help support great content (so it doesn’t go away), especially in the early days when he needs it most. THANKS AGAIN, YOU ARE AMAZING DUDE!!

[@OptimisticFuturology]

Thank you for watching, being a Patron and such kind words! Means a lot and glad that you learn from every video!

[@HaruyaIshikawa]

I found you when I was searching for 5G related vids for school! Love your videos and keep up the good work

[@OptimisticFuturology]

Thanks for watching :)!

[@supremelawfirm]

A development which we are monitoring very closely is the implementation of PCIe add-in cards, like the ASRock Ultra Quad M.2 card, which bifurcate one x16 slot into 4 @ x4 PCIe 3.0 lanes. This concept allows 4 x M.2 NVMe SSDs, like the Samsung 970 Pro, to be assigned to a very fast RAID-0 array. Similarly, with an M.2-to-U.2 adapter, cables can connect these x16 add-in cards to 2.5" NVMe SSDs like Intel's Optane model 900P SSD. As explained in the video, this storage "ecosystem" will double raw bandwidth at PCIe 4.0, with its 16 GHz clock rate, up from 8 GHz at PCIe 3.0. Measured performance of 4 x Samsung 960 Pro in a RAID-0 array presently exceeds the raw bandwidth of most DDR3 DRAM: DDR3-1600 x 8 = 12,800 MB/second -vs- 4 x NVMe SSD @ 3,938.4 = 15,753.6 MB/second. At PCIe 3.0, one x4 NVMe SSD has 8G / 8.125 x 4 = 3,938.4 MB/second raw bandwidth.

[@635574]

Thats massive. Why arent nvme using x16 natively anyway?

[@crzces7500]

I’m curious as to why there isn’t a fiber optic SATA, as it would be inexpensive, and let normal SSDs reach their full current potential without taking up PCIe lanes on the CPU, which is a pretty big deal on 16 lane chips that don’t have an extra chip and PCIe controller on the board itself. Not much of an issue for the hedt or professional space, but for normal users it would be fantastic.

[@TheHoinoel]

Amazing videos man! Really love the way you present each topic. Keep it up! :D

[@willl4575]

Better audio is more important than the best visuals especially in the context of informative videos like yours. Thumbs up though, great content I'm just being objectively critical because I like your channel.

[@ToasterWithFur]

Resonance makes the vids even better

[@sudombd1230]

This channel is a free to use gold mine.

[@Grosvenor77]

These videos are incredible

[@Throwingness]

You should put a link to the playlist of this video series in the description. Good work, but I don't want to go digging and searching for it.

[@miguelpereira9859]

Question: Why not use optical data transfer methods? What are the unsolved problems that prevent us from using light instead of electrons for data transfer on computers?

[@gizmoffm]

great video style, I like your focus on information and stats as well as the nice animations and music provided!

[@aristotleolympiada4540]

Your fact and storytelling style and abilities are world class here Singularity Prosperity. Absolutely phenomenal content.

[@kunaljoshi8038]

This channel is so underrated!

[@tylerreeves895]

I dont know what group, what individual.... or even what machine (see what I did there ;) ) is behind this channel; But either way, great job! As a computer engineering student, this is one of the few channels on youtube with computer topics that are presented in an accurate and tolerable way. Not to mention the constant reference to other "great content creators" is a very humble move and a helpful one to those who are genuinely seeking more info on the topic... despite my opinion that you do a better job at explaining certain topics then some of them. Like Linus's quantum computing video vs yours, easy win for you. I could barely watch the other without cringing. However, Linus might have a different target demographic, so that must be kept in mind; could explain the watered down nature of some of that groups more technical videos. Or sometimes creators are pressured by their followers to do videos on topics they themselves don't understand very well. Rant over, Great job and keep it up!

[@Cotivity]

I just added an 32gb optane memory module for caching so I dig your presentation. It's too bad so many are having issues actually installing and configuring the add-ons...

[@ZeroRelevance]

I'm looking forward to the next episode of the series, keep up the great work.

[@kmxtechtips6753]

Simply awesome! Your video content just super charged my brain with so much of valuable info with amazing visuals. Thank you!

[@IanSinclair77]

Good video and overview. Would suggest adjusting the volume mix of the background music and sound effects. They ended up being more distracting and harder to focus on the commentary voiceover. Overall though nice job.

[@TropicalCoder]

Thanks. I learned a lot. For example, I have one of the latest NVME SSD drives, but I didn't really know how it gained its speed advantage until your video explained it. Hard to keep up with all the changes in the technologies available.

[@Pierluigi996]

good job !

[@JWSU]

The key is in getting that success rate up. :), love it.

[@Rationalific]

Very interesting! I"m glad there is still quite a lot more room for improvement in the future!

[@panoply13]

I really love your videos! I do have a few questions, though. I am new to understanding how computers actually work, and I have a few questions that I think would allow me to feel like I’m getting a grasp on how any of this is actually possible. the first question is, how do software? online commands interact with the CPU? I don’t understand that at all. also how do electrical pulses to memory allow memory to be accessed? and thirdly in a micro chip, I really do not understand at all how for instance a simple mathematical computation would actually work on a physical level: say 2+2 = 4. sorry if I am phrasing these questions wrongly. if you could direct me to the right videos, or have a brief explanation that would be great. thank you for your excellent work.

[@matthewcalifana488]

What do you guys think of photon computing ? Had this idea for many years & just recenty seeing people talking about it .

[@toms3142]

Very good. Excellent teaching style

[@FInalage2012]

Your videos are phenomenal. Outstanding!

[@DaveKeil]

Legit video. Great work!

[@Machine_gun_of_ideology]

At 8:16 are those numbers per pci lane?

[@rithikkumars1676]

Yes. You can also use more PCIe lanes (2x, 4x, 8x and 16x) to get multiply the bandwidth.

[@martineastburn3679]

For some years, IBM, and Bell Labs had been working on optical computing and I/O within the Main CPU chip and off it - and even between chips. Buses were optical. I wonder if or when we will move in that direction.

[@yumikotanashi]

Thank you so much for these videos♥️ Please keep making them♥️❤️

[@tim213455]

Awesome video. Keep up the good work!!!

[@narinpornwatcharakul6237]

เวลา cpu คำนวน ต้อง มี โปรแกรม Check งาน ว่า ลดลงหรือ ไม่

[@stojko88]

Why is the voice-over without high tones?

[@bardokobama1035]

Finally you appeared

[@ITSotechAI]

Quá hay cần những thông tin như vậy

[@cem_kaya]

what about gpu nenory like hbm

[@nosirrahx]

I wonder if Optane will reach 2-4 TB capacities before Samsung takes its already huge SSDs and reaches Optane levels of performance? If you want to build a one drive and its done PC the 960 EVO is about as good as it gets right now. It would be awesome to see Optane be a legitimate challenger for that category. I am building my new workstation around 4 900P U.2 drives in RAID 0 through an Asus Hyper 16X and VROC. As ridiculous as the performance will be, it really sucks that I sill only get 1TB out of that configuration. Between the crappy latency/4K performance on RAID 0 for traditional M.2 SSDs and lack of bootable VROC on non-Intel drives Samsung was not an option here.

[@sausage4mash]

That cross point seemed to be perfectly simple that's got to be the way forward

[@warlordianx23]

6:46 Hey it's our pal Linus from Linus Tech Tips

[@mrseanpaul81]

Good job! please make a video on memresistors

[@jandevos5175]

Good, clear, thanks! :-)

[@fuzzylumpkin8030]

You have my attention

[@micaiaskauss]

Quality content

[@scottfranco1962]

The memory gap is natures way of telling you your compute resources and and your data are to far from each other.

[@pegasusted2504]

Good stuff.

[@andreasbrix7453]

Nice video, keep up the good work

[@OptimisticFuturology]

Thanks for watching!

[@brkbtjunkie]

The 20 dislikes are users still running win10 on a 5400rpm spindle drive.

[@martir.7653]

And those who realized that half of this "video" is just showing Intel's marketing materials verbatim.

[@PongoXBongo]

Well, I'm off to stack more DIMMs on my existing DIMMs then connect them via wires. DIY Xpoint. Take that Intel!

[@ldchappell1]

8mb was more respected in 1990 than 2gb is in 2022. My computer instructor told me 8 megabytes was plenty. 😂

[@jackharpe3rd233]

My HP has only has a 1 Terabyte Hard drive, but it takes less than 12 seconds to boot up. Ya Hard Drives are Cold & Slow my 🐎! While I do need to upgrade my 🐏, I'm personally still okay with using Hard Drives as my main Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of my Personal Computer for the time being. 😎

[@Choronzon39]

I think in the near future we will have HBM located on the CPU die. Nvidia is already doing this. I'm not sure why Intel isn't doing the same. 32GB wouldn't take up a lot of room.

[@RedStarsNinja]

The drop of loud music at the end can be turned down, I think. I personally don't care for it and stop watching right there but perhaps if you turned it down a little it would be a lot more smooth of a transition to a closing scene

[@RedStarsNinja]

Aside from that I love the videos, the content is amazing! Just thought you might appreciate some constructive criticism about the video as a whole.

[@henrique-uj8qz]

Alguma causada?

[@BenderBendingRodriguezOFFICIAL]

Im not sure about your PCIe figures. My NVMe SSD's transfer at 2GB/s average across eight 3.0 lanes. So your numbers don't add up with my transfer speeds.

[@rithikkumars1676]

It's probably the SSD's top speed. Graphics cards use 8 PCIe lanes and they use up a lot more bandwidth.

[@jurepecar9092]

No word on power cost of all these storage options and transport protocols and hardware? Because today it's mostly the power that's the limiting factor for performance, not compute itself.

[@TheZenytram]

PCIe 6.0 is about to get out of the oven and there is almost no gear using pcie 5.0 yet hahaha.

[@AinurEru]

HA! Optane was DOA, and the REAL problem is SRAM vs. DRAM not DRAM vs SSD... CPUs don't access SSDs, not even with Optane/nvme - it always go to DRAM first. But CPUs don't even access DRAM directly anymore - they (pre)fetch it from DRAM into SRAM, and only access data on SRAM. The fetching latency is where the REAL bottleneck is, NOT the loading of data from SSD to DRAM...

[@artemaung5274]

I actually stopped using hard drive at all last year. With cloud storage I don't really need a lot of storage, but I do want it to be fast and reliable. So I build powerful desktop with both Linux and Windows on two separate .M2 (NVMe) SSD drives. 2 second loading time for windows 10 =) Edit: also data centers largely stopped using hard drives for storage needs. They too power hungry, too slow and too unreliable that for data storage companies hard drives became obsolete years ago, while most of us still use hard drive (except me :) )

[@amirabudubai2279]

Data centers still rely heavily on hard drives for mass data storage. SSD's are preferred for drives that are constantly used, but something like KZbin has massive amounts of data that go years without being accessed.

[@artemaung5274]

Amir Abudubai - long term storage they prefer to store on blue Ray disks as opposed to hard drives. Cheaper and durable. As far as I know. Edit: I read a bit on subject and you're right a lot of companies still do use hard drives for cold storage - I was misled by a friend who works at Facebook.

[@amirabudubai2279]

All sorts of technologies can be used for different reasons. My personal favorite is an organization that was archiving data on digital VHS. Something about having a long life span and being easy to repair.

[@Ballistichydrant]

Why are graphics cons being used instead of CPUs in crypto mining ?

[@JWSU]

I'm pretty sure it's because of the large amounts of data bro

[@amirabudubai2279]

Crypto mining is parallel so GPU's work much better. Mining is basically guess-and-check computing, so mining basically comes down to how many times you can guess(hash) per second. If you have, for example, a 36 compute unit GPU, then you can guess 36 different values at once. It should also be noted that different crypto stress different parts of hardware. There are some that require high RAM bandwidth, a lot that test compute power, some that force serial compute(CPU's are still really good at those) and even some that work off of mass storage.

[@m_sedziwoj]

If 3d Xpoint be only implementation of this technology => forget it, is super good technology, but without competition it will be slow or it will die as rambus die, and italium. You put too much Intel in video, and not get all points of technology, as NVMe can be use not only directly on motherboard, and most implement M.2 standard.

[@narinpornwatcharakul6237]

Ram มัน น้อยไป server fail 1

[@ClicQ.1]

Who dosent understand give me a thumbs up.