History of the Tocharian Languages

History of the Tocharian Languages, Turfanian Tocharian , Kuchean Tocharian, Kroränian Tocharian
Music:
Healing - Kevin MacLeod
Το τραγούδι Healing του καλλιτέχνη Kevin MacLeod έχει άδεια με βάση το εξής: Creative Commons Attribution (creativecommon...)
Πηγή: incompetech.com...
Καλλιτέχνης: incompetech.com/

[@tapadhleibh3052]

Tocharian is probably the most interesting branch of Indo European to me.

[@qaz1001]

Anatolian too

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

don't call them Tocharians... they are Kuchean, Agni, Arci people just call them Tarim mummies. because original Tocharians are Indo Iranians, Tarim mummies are not

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat Tarim mummies is not IE

[@ChristopherTanne-se3pz]

@@Scythian_nomad tarimmumis are indoeuropeans . They the one of second big indoeuropeans tribes in this area

[@ChristopherTanne-se3pz]

@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat tocharians arent indoiranic. They tocharians a seperate branches of IE

[@asitwaghmare01]

It's really interesting to know that there was an Indo-European language branch in what is now China

[@zakaryloreto6526]

That's why the found blonde mummies in Uyghurstan

[@AlqanmyshQaiyryr]

​@@zakaryloreto6526the Tarim mummies weren't Indo-European, stop being so Euro-centric, they were related to ANE, and were a remote population. Blonde hair appeared in Central Southern Siberia (approximately) that's why they had this kind of hair. They looked Asian but developped European-like looks because of the climate of the Tarim Bassin at the time.

[@kiyomiflash2513]

There is still an indo-european language spoken in China. Tajik

[@goqailysm]

​@@kiyomiflash2513tajik isn't spoken in china, it's an incorrect exonym. majority of them speak sarikoli and a minority wakhi

[@GrigRP]

​@@zakaryloreto6526Blond hair exists in many people. Not too mention, most IE people weren't even blond.

[@HistoryandOtherStuffwithBV]

The long-lost eastern cousin in the Indo-European family tree.

[@jout738]

Is this language then releated to the altaic languages, when its closer to that region? I did not know he could find information of langauges that already died thousand years ago, when that would be very difficult. Ukraine where indo-european languages came from just seems so far away from this language.

[@HistoryandOtherStuffwithBV]

@@jout738 Tbh, I haven't looked into Tocharian enough to be able to give an answer. I know it's Indo-European, and that in the Centum/Satem divide it surprisingly fits in the Cetum half, which includes branches on the geographically opposite side of the Indo-European area - Italic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, etc. As for any relation it might have to Altaic languages... well, Altaic is today mostly considered an outdated categorization, as similarities between the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic can be explained much better with contact/borrowing/Sprachbunds than with descent/common origin/families. Given it's geographical location, it's entirely possible that Tocharian might've had similar linguistic relations with pre-proto Turkic and steppe substrate languages, and later other groups too. But, at least as far as my knowledge of recorded history and extrapolation from it can garner, Sinitic and Iranic would've left a much bigger impact on Tocharian than groups like the Xiongnu, the Turkics or the (at least according to previous Costas Melas' videos, Indo-Aryan) Wusun

[@trollgegael]

@@jout738no it's indo-european, also the altaic hypothesis has been debunked

[@jout738]

@@trollgegael Okay I just didnt see it that clearly where it came from. Seems like the most eastern Indo-european language, that then went to die out after altaic people attacked them.

[@trollgegael]

@@jout738There is no altaic people? Its an old lingustic theory thats been phased out

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

It's sad that these two (or three) languages ended up disappearing together with Anatolian, Phrygian and para-Celtic languages. RIP.

[@adnan_honest_jihadist5775]

phyrgian and anatolian sadly bcs of greeks mostly

[@noelxlk]

​@@adnan_honest_jihadist5775i hope that is not hating on greece

[@leonardo_fratila]

What is para-celtic?

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

@@leonardo_fratila It is a paraphyletic group of Indo-European languages which supposedly aren't exactly Celtic or Italic, yet they belong to the Italo-Celtic branch. Some para-Celtic languages could have been Lusitanian, Ligurian, Paleo-Corsican and Venetic. Since it's a paraphyletic group, these languages are not exactly closer to each other than to Italic or Celtic, therefore "para-Celtic" is just an umbrella term to refer to those Italo-Celtic languages which supposedly weren't Italic or Celtic.

[@leonardo_fratila]

@@ElHeraldoHispano Oh ok thanks

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

perhaps it might help if the map was a bit more topographic to show the mountains surrounding the areas these groups are traveling around. i know these tocharians entered into dzungaria and the tarim basin which are surrounded by mountains with dzungaria being a big entry point

[@CostasMelas]

You're right. They really only moved through corridors, between Altai and Tienschan

[@VinsCool]

Interesting, I have never heard of this language family, and considering how young it died out, I am not surprised about missing that one entirely.

[@stevenfallinge7149]

Still later than Anatolian (Hittite), Phrygian, and Phoenician. So it's likely to do with location too.

[@KartovOndulevitch]

I love the aesthetic of your work. The lines around the full color zone give nuances, and the music fit perfectly ❤. How do you draw your maps? I really would like to know how you work, how you can achieve such art

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. I use also the animation program blender

[@bluemym1nd]

The Indo-Europeans who never actually were in Europe nor India. Fascinating Well maybe a bit in India but you get the point

[@najibullahghafori3739]

that's why they got extinct, joking 😁😁

[@GrigRP]

There are plenty who are not. Armenian, Kurdish, Iranian, Afghan, Pakistani, Tajik etc.

[@bluemym1nd]

@@GrigRP armenian can be considered in Europe. The rest aren't even indo-european

[@najibullahghafori3739]

pakistan is basically an extension of afghanistan and india, punjabis and sindhis are indians while pashtoons and balochs are afghans , so yes half of pakistan belongs to india and the other half to afghanistan@@GrigRP

[@GrigRP]

@@bluemym1nd Armenia isn't in Europe, and the rest are Indo European. Where did you get your gypsy education?

[@CostasMelas]

Reuploaded due to the mistake in the timer

[@wilcowen]

I love mapping videos with unique concepts thats what makes you and ollie some of my favorite mappers

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@wilcowen]

@@CostasMelas your welcome

[@iroquoianmapper]

Great work!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you :)

[@brauchebenutzername]

Thank you. Long I have wait on this vid of afanasijan language.

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@zakaryloreto6526]

Forgotten side of the Indo European languages

[@adm8849]

Petition to bring these back

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

you can't do this boi.

[@Nastya_07]

@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat There is some vocabulary left from Tocharian A and B

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

@@Nastya_07 Traşşişi Maķne spantù... Traşşişi Maķ Ñãs

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@Nastya_07 There is no one to speak them; Tocharian-speaking people were exterminated by the Chinese and Tibetans in the Middle Ages

[@Nastya_07]

@@Scythian_nomad We still have medieval Tocharian texts available.

[@veritasdeutsch6608]

seeing the blank map at 4:04 almost made me tear up

[@franciscor.6828]

Thank. I was wait for this languages map history 👏

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

They are assimilated by Karluks and Uyghurs, later Karluks are become Uyghurs too. very good genetic position

[@commanderjnm2008]

How related are Tocharian languages to East Indo-European languages like to the Iranian languages or to the Armenian Language?

[@BlueBird-q8k]

Its actually pretty distant to indo Iranian languages there are some loan words from vedic and scthyan other than that most linguists say most close language family to Tocharian is either Germanic or Anatolian branches

[@Nastya_07]

@@BlueBird-q8k Actually most linguists see Tocharian as the 2nd branch to split from the rest of the language family, with the 1st to split being Anatolian

[@BlueBird-q8k]

@@Nastya_07 yes i know

[@commanderjnm2008]

@@BlueBird-q8k Thanks so, even for an ancient Vedic-Indian who spoke Vedic Sanskrit or let's say an Ancient Zoroastrian monk who spoke "Avestan Indo-Iranian language" for example, would NOT be able to communicate with an ancient Tocharian speaker then from what I gather from your info? Mutual intelligibility would be low even back then?

[@BlueBird-q8k]

@@commanderjnm2008 yeah i know it sounds crazy but Tocharian Languages have split of pie 5 thousand years ago and about for about a thousand years they were isolated from other indo European languages So yea when indo iranians migrated east word and getting in touched by Tocharian they were isolated for a thousand years ! So i can only imagine they wouldn't understand each other at all A example for you for how much time have spent is that English have branched out about 1300 years ago from german And it was not completely isolate it had a lot of contact with german So you can only imagine how different those languages would be

[@JerryHu1998]

The Tocharians seem to be very close to the Celts, but not so close to their neighbors, the Iranians.

[@najibullahghafori3739]

does the name " takhar " in modern day afghanistan come from Tocharians? even in the video there is a brief moment where after the kushan empire the language still stays in afghanistan specially in the region now known as Takhar province

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, for a period this region was called Tocharistan

[@andriusgimbutas3723]

​@@CostasMelasExcept actual Tocharians from Bactria weren't the modern "Tocharians" as people now call the IE inhabitants of Tarim basin

[@Nastya_07]

@@andriusgimbutas3723The Bactrian Tocharians were the Yuezhi, who probably spoke Tocharian and/or Saka before switching to speaking Bactrian.

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

@@CostasMelas We call them Tohars now. And what were they called 2000 years ago? What was their self -designation? It's about the same as with Byzantium. The Byzantines themselves did not call themselves that. Modern Tokharistan has nothing to do with those Tokhars. Just like the Minoans in Crete. The Minoans are a made-up name.

[@leonardo_fratila]

​@@Nastya_07 so you mean the pre-indo-european bactrian languege or...

[@user-en2rg5xq1e]

In Afghanistan there is a region called tochar which there people spoke tokharian at the time

[@Nastya_07]

Most people in the Tokharistan region actually used to speak Bactrian, an Eastern Iranian language.

[@L0ngb0wCaravel]

Imagine in an alternate history tocharian survived and what in this timeline we call east turkestan is called tocharistan (probably not the actual name)

[@CrsdrsWrStnsts]

There is a Japanese man that says Ainu language is delivered around 80% percent from Tocharian B (and some words have relationship to other PIE brunches) about vocabulary. Also this is just a my opinion as a amateur guy, Japanese grammar has simularity to PIE brunches. For example many Japanese words that are infinitives do end with -ru like romance languages, and past tense is - ta, like -to of Italian past perticiples. And also some words have simularity to Indo-European like "雁" (goose) reads "gan" and in Portugues it's ganso. Some one should research these things. and other talk, I'm sad that some Chinese communists are genociding the descendants of this language speakers and also other people too like Tibetans and inner Mongolia people.

[@samuelfanning6598]

So, any idea what language was native to the Tarim Basin before the arrival of Tocharian language? Could you share the sources on this migration?

[@CostasMelas]

See the book Siberia: A Cultural History - Haywood, Antohny and the sources I used in the video about IE languages

[@Scythian_nomad]

Turkic

[@Scythian_nomad]

Tarim mummies is not IE Tarim mummies turkic ancestors

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

​@@Scythian_nomadTarim mummies are Archaic North Eurasian people not Turkic.

[@ChristopherTanne-se3pz]

Tocharien is indoeuropean No other people have a difference hertaige like tarim mummis They must be the tarim mummis The pictures on walls are blond too. Indoeuropeans in eastasia 😎

[@denkapeneva2018]

Have they to do with proto bulgars many of bulgar khans got iraniac names even 1 celtic name like kuber😅

[@Normal_user_coniven]

How do you still don't have the ✅ verification mark? You are either don't want to have it or underrated.

[@TheNewWorldOrderColumbus]

Never uses negative expressions

[@parvadhami980]

Kushans being Tocharians

[@blaine5589]

So what happened to them?

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Assimilated by Modern Uyghurs

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat Brad wrote, the Uighurs are not relatives of the Tochars, perhaps the Khotanese have a little from them, but the Khotanese are mostly descendants of the Sakas, the rest of the Uighurs are Turks both in language and in origin

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

@@Scythian_nomad No when Turkic people assimilate Tocharians, Later this Turks assimilated by Uyghurs

[@x-error404alphaepicfellsan9]

Qarluqs came, conquered, assimilated and then exterminated them

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

@@x-error404alphaepicfellsan9 Later this Karluk become Uyghur

[@suhnih4076]

They do be ringing tho

[@destrovskyj]

how did the language disappear? turkic migrations (uyghurs)?

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, it was the main cause

[@Scythian_nomad]

The Chinese exterminated them in the Middle Ages, some went to Afghanistan along with the Sakas and became Iranianized

[@alexangelo1998]

But Northern India was conquered by other Tocharians who were Eastern Iranians (Yuezhi)

[@CostasMelas]

You are probably refer to the Kushanites. They were confederation of Saka and Tocharians

[@messatsu85]

🇦🇱 TOK *EARTH / LANDS 🇦🇱 ARIAN *GOLDD TOK-ARIAN ARE ILLURIAN DARDANIAN HELLEN STOKS.

[@Nastya_07]

Because both Illyrians and Tocharians are Indo-European And it is unlikely that the Tocharians called themselves "Tocharians"

[@agalitev]

delusional.

[@messatsu85]

@@agalitev facts

[@noelxlk]

albanian not trying to say the universe is albania (impossible)

[@DesireeStokes]

P R O M O S M

[@bricksmanacci]

kurgan chads

[@Scythian_nomad]

Relatives of Dagestanis

[@Nastya_07]

Tocharians were Indo-European

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@Nastya_07 According to genetics, relatives of Dagestanis

[@eldorbekbaxodirov3479]

Не родственники

[@kenanhasan9784]

I think Tocharian language one ancestors of Turkic languages.

[@yetkinbilgen3430]

No they were their own unique Indo European language, However with the Turkic Uigur imigrations to modern day southeastern Turkestan, their language and culture fully assimilated within 2-3 centuries. (Turkic W over indo eauropens in Central Asia as always)

[@galgar5660]

​@@yetkinbilgen3430Russian came for revenge😏

[@yetkinbilgen3430]

@@galgar5660 yeah, but difference between birthrates and imigration/emigration is taking revenge's revenge 🤓

[@mirzabaig17]

@@yetkinbilgen3430 and then Russians came and central asian turk got subjugated by them

[@PatriotOfPersia]

Please don't thinking with your stupid brain

[@nenenindonu]

The title "Yabghu" which passed from the Yuezhi Kushans to the later Turkic polities is probably the greatest linguistic heritage left by the Tocharians

[@nkoramids4591]

😅

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Yabghu is title pf Karluk people

[@plov638]

Yea

[@Flozone1]

Well they also loaned some words in Old Chinese, including the one for chariot, which then spread within the Sinosphere.

[@ChristopherTanne-se3pz]

Bog means in slavic good. In old iranic bagga. They turk Titel bey or beg came from indoeuropean bog

[@hieratics]

A suggestion, could you do one about the expansion and decline of Occitan and Catalan languages

[@XuanMelendez]

Així ÈS, POSEU-HI LES "M'AGRADA". Jo volia ofrecer això, però aquest home es feu més veloç❤

[@polishhussarmapping258]

It's interesting that Catalan is thriving and Occitan is fading.

[@stefanodadamo6809]

​@@polishhussarmapping258the difference between having a capital and a tradition as a state/crown, and not.

[@diegoragot655]

@@stefanodadamo6809 which one had and which one didn't??

[@stefanodadamo6809]

@@diegoragot655 Català had them and is still going strong. Poor Occitan though, despite having been a major language of poetry...

[@japaneseapoist286]

Tocharian, Scytian and Armenian. The turkish invadors attacked three precious brothers, some are eliminated. We indo-european speakers never forget this.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

dude as a Indo-European i don't give a fuck about any group I am not related too. speak for yourself. No we. I don't care. I am about the current me and my Germanic group. What happens to non Germanics doesn't concern me

[@tanhukim9963]

​@@noahtylerpritchett2682 Germen is not Indo-european. You are Germen language.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@tanhukim9963 Genealogy of Germanic languages. Germanic Proto-Germanic Nordic Bronze age Corded Ware Bell-Beaker synthesis Yamnaya Proto-indo-European. Branches of Germanic. English (mine) Danish, Dutch, German, Swedish, Norwegian.

[@noelxlk]

​@@noahtylerpritchett2682wow, you're certainly fun to be around 😑

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@noelxlk nationalistically not caring about other nations interests isn't meant to be fun. It's meant to be indifferent, apathetic and neutral.

[@lenguyenxuonghoa]

Could you make videos about Japonic and other “Paleosiberian languages” ( Ainu and Nivkh )

[@leonardo_fratila]

It's crazy to see that a languege often thought of as ancient languege only died off about when the first polish state was founded (966 ad) ! Aslo, magnificent video!❤

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

It seems that there was a Slavic state on the territory of Pomerania even earlier. The Polabian Slavs

[@leonardo_fratila]

@@АндрейБогуславский-б9о yes, the actual poles were there much earlier but the state was made later

[@АндрейБогуславский-б9о]

@@leonardo_fratila Yes, there were also tribes: Slenzans, Mazovians, Mazurs, Vislans,

[@AnsgarisIoannes]

Vaya regalo de cumpleaños. (En septiembre pasado cumplí 40). Había escuchado esta lengua antes. Para cuando desapareció esa lengua, mis ancestros muiscas ya habían llegado al Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Colombia).

[@-vy7gm]

Is not tochariam one of indo-european languages?

[@drivers99]

It is

[@ChristopherTanne-se3pz]

Yes indoeuropean 😎

[@z_1599]

Tocharian A, B, C Such creative names xD

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

They are also named after important Tocharian city-states: - A is also known as Turfanian - B is also known as Kuchean - C is also known as Kroränian (Although Tocharian C was never attested and we don't know if it actually existed. It is just an speculated language, which seems to have left some loanwords in certain Prakrit languages).

[@Trakite]

Friend, I have got idea for the next video! No one have ever made video about map history of Getae! Getae was a thracian group of tribes. They were one of the greatest warriors in the world and is sad that they are no famous and there is no video about them!

[@leonardo_fratila]

Well the getae were dacians and the Dacians were getae. The ancient greeks gave them the name getea and the romans gave them the name Dacian.

[@anakinskywalker2064]

pobres tocarios :(

[@SKITNICA95]

Proto Tocharians are from central Siberia? I am more supportive towards theory of big migration from europe to central Asia.

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

They are from ANE population

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat No, you are confusing Tocharians and Tarim mummies

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

@@Scythian_nomad Tocharians are indo European, Mummies are ANE

[@pas1994ok]

One of the saddest language disappearances

[@飛流直上三千尺哪個宅]

Oh no…You made a mistake! Inscriptions show that Kushans spoke an East Iranian language, not Tocharian B!!!

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Tocharians actually Iranic people... originally Tarim mummies are Kuchean, Agnean and Arci people not Iranic

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat Tarim mummies is not IE

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

@@Scythian_nomad Tarim Mummies are ANE people

[@JcDizon]

What caused the decline and death of the Tocharian family?

[@cheriankalayil2362]

Spreading of the Sino-Tibetans, Mongols and the Turks I think

[@JcDizon]

@@cheriankalayil2362 Oh that makes sense. Seems that the Tocharians lived in present day Xinjiang which is now home to the Uighur (Turkic) and Han Chinese (Sino-Tibetan) and I heard that it used to be home to the Dzungars who were Mongolic.

[@fanstargateiloveuniverse]

Probably some new nations push them southwards. In that time the Indo-Iranian tribes and Samoyeds arrived from west. Maybe yenisei and turk tribes from the north also played a role in it, because I don"t believe that Turkic languages belong to any altaic language family. But the cause of the decline was the Turkic migrations, especially the Uygurs. Not because of sino-tibetians nor mongols.

[@tanhukim9963]

​@@fanstargateiloveuniverse It is the Chinese who caused the Tocharians to become extinct on a large scale. You can be sure of this. The Tang Dynasty entered the region here in 650 and killed many of them. It even advanced as far as Central Asia. In fact, the Turkification of Central Asia has always resulted from different ethnic races. Of course, those who stayed behind and converted to Islam have now become Turks.

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@fanstargateiloveuniverse Eastern Turkestan, the homeland of the Turks, Tarim mummies are the ancestors of the Turks, and the Tocharians were their neighbors

[@andrefarfan4372]

Nice video.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Tkphdxjlb]

Damn Turko-Mongol nomads, give me back the Tocharian Scythians.

[@Crxyzen1]

Damn Indo-European nomads, give back the Dravidians, Kelteminars, BMAC people, Botai, native Anatolians, Etruscans, Iberians and many more.

[@kirillluzgin2858]

Of the Tocharian languages, only A and B exist, the hypothesis of the existence of Tocharian C was discredited, it was apparently an Iranian language. The Tocharians who descended from the Afanasyevskaya culture and emigrated to the Tarim Basin have no relation to the Tocharians from Bactria who founded the Kushan Empire, these Tocharians were known as the Yuezhi, scientists believe that they were of Iranian origin

[@auraledgereal]

Actually Original Yuezhis were most likely Tocharian. After they migrated to Bactria they were assimilated in to native Iranian culture of Bactrians & Scythians. Kushans used word "Buca" for Buddha. Like Tocharians used "Macar" for mother & "Pacar" for father. Yuezhi confederation most likely contained not only Tocharians also Wusuns & Scythians (Sakas) Anyway both Tocharians & Iranians belong to Indo European family.

[@wirelessbluestone5983]

I thought the Kushans being Tocharians theory was discredited nowadays

[@CostasMelas]

It was a confederation of tribes, mainly Sakas but also including Tocharians, so I noted it with stripes

[@adnan_honest_jihadist5775]

sakas were also partially turkic as ik@@CostasMelas

[@king_halcyon]

​@@CostasMelasstill overrepresented. The main bad thing of your channel

[@x-error404alphaepicfellsan9]

@@adnan_honest_jihadist5775 no they weren't

[@adnan_honest_jihadist5775]

@@x-error404alphaepicfellsan9 proof? only turkic sources

[@muhammedsener8241]

✌️

[@emanueleprencipe5483]

Jesus Christ has been crucified and risen so you could repent and go to heaven

[@naberkanka2489]

This is Turkic language

[@scarymonster5541]

They are indo-europeans

[@naberkanka2489]

@@scarymonster5541 did u asked them?

[@Nastya_07]

@@naberkanka2489 I ask you the same question Oh wait you can't there aren't any time machines, *but* there is vocabulary from Tocharian A and B, which is similar to IE languages.

[@naberkanka2489]

@@Nastya_07 dude their name is literally tocharian similar to turk

[@Nastya_07]

@@naberkanka2489 And? Similar names don't mean the same thing, for example, the reconstructed endonym of the Para-Mongolic Xianbei (*Serbi) and the modern country of Serbia. Word for "mother" in Tocharian languages: Proto-Tocharian: *mācer Tocharian A: mācar Tocharian B: mācer The words seem to derive from PIE *méh₂tēr, which also gave us Mother in English and Madre in Spanish, and it has almost no similarity with Turkish "Anne" and Uzbek "Ona"

[@yetkinbilgen3430]

As a Turk myself I see this video as absolute win

[@martinomasolo8833]

What do you mean

[@yetkinbilgen3430]

@@martinomasolo8833 why do you think their language died out ? Who replaced them actualy ?

[@deidara8neji]

​@@yetkinbilgen3430absolute scumbag. Disgrace to humanity, you only know how to destroy, never build.

[@Scythian_nomad]

​@@yetkinbilgen3430 Tarim mummies is turkic ancestors The Tocharians lived next to the Turks

[@scarymonster5541]

I really loves how the indo-europeans speakers aren't happy when indo-europeans languages went extinct by non indo-europeans But when the indo-europeans speakers make the non indo-europeans speakers went extinct they just happy and never complain about it.

[@Thebestman-f1j]

Let's Go! Now we need Chadic languages.

[@fidus868]

What happend around the year 0?

[@CostasMelas]

Yuezhi people (part of them were the Tocharians) moved southern and established the Kushan Empire