Did a Volcano End the Mongol Empire?

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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video on the eruption of the Samalas volcano, which, some claim led to the destruction of the Mongol empire and countless other problems around the world.
Our podcast on Mongol history: kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/2...
Evolution of the Mongol army: • Mongol Army: How it Al...
Structure of the Mongol army: • Structure of the Mongo...
Previous videos in our series on Mongol history: bit.ly/3eezUnW
Podcast: www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/ apple.co/2QTuMNG spoti.fi/2UBmyuO
Armies and Tactics: • Armies and Tactics
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
The video was made by our friend Arb Paninken bit.ly/2Ow3oC8, while the script was developed by Jack Wilson - The Jackmeister. Check out his channel dedicated to the history of the Mongols: / @thejackmeistermongolh... .
If you want to read the article: Stephen Pow, Zsolt Pinke and Zoltán Kern, "Samalas and the Fall of the Mongol Empire: A Volcanic Eruption's influence on the dissolution of the largest contiguous empire in history," (2020)
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #MongolEmpire #Mongols

[@KingsandGenerals]

Not gonna lie, I would prefer volcanoes and history to not intersect at all.

[@jozzieokes3422]

Facts

[@MrHazz111]

It helps make a clean slate.

[@ArousedRat1]

@@jozzieokes3422 Facts

[@rj5848]

When something disappear in history without having some information , historian consider it that they disappeared because of some natural disasters

[@halo8119]

Hi kings and generals can you make a video about the battle of Copenhagen plz?

[@6thsavage]

“Could be volcanoes out here. Watch your steppe.”

[@WaterShowsProd]

I won't fall for those traps.

[@jhoxha]

You had the mongall to make such a joke :p

[@TheA8lee]

I approve of this punnery.

[@Manuel-gu9ls]

Good one I could have done it myself

[@blakexu4943]

By the mandate of heaven, gtfo.

[@jesseberg3271]

7:52 "England too reported uninterrupted heavy rain..." As opposed to the normal uninterrupted light rain?

[@leeboy26]

Easily extrapolated by studying umbrella usage.

[@oddish2253]

Volcano: I'm going to end this empire's whole career.

[@primop6647]

God damn, 45 minutes late. Wanted to say the same thing

[@erikascencen]

Kungfu panda monke??

[@deny.nurdin]

LoL make mongol devided into pieces

[@sinkrock1]

Minoans : i do not know you but welcome to the club.... Mongols!!!!

[@larslundandersen7722]

Yawn, how many people are gonna adapt this meme to every single video

[@johnyricco1220]

The Siege of Diaoyuchen is highly underrated and deserve an episode. The fortress was an massive fortress city, perhaps the largest in the world at the time. It was located at the confluence of three rivers and held thousands of troops with their own gunpowder weapon arsenals. They held out for over 30 years. When they surrendered the three commanders offered terms that they would commit suicide and their men would be spared. The Mongols respected their decision. It was one of the few times the Mongols didn’t massacre the defenders.

[@dohnjoe4100]

to talk about that long a time period would be discussing the surviving southern song dynasty and their defense against the mongols as a whole.

[@boobah5643]

I thought the Mongols, like just about everybody else at the time, had a rule about only massacring the defenders if forced to storm the city, because urban warfare _suuucks._ Also, it makes the city worth less. Not that I know enough about Diaoyuchen to know whether the Mongols stormed the city before surrender, just that that's not the way to bet with the information presented here.

[@costas1032]

@@Justin.Martyr no he wasn't.

[@Mr-yw8pg]

When you take into account the fact that people where living short life at the time it is very likely that a certain number of people were born and died during this siege

[@steventhompson399]

Thanks for shedding more light on this, I heard it mentioned before but don't know any details, hsiang yang or however it's spelled ~1268-73 is the only big mongol-sung siege I've familiar with

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

7:53 England? Uninterrupted rain? That’s not new at all.

[@yajurka]

If English wrote down uninterrupted rain, it must have been real bad.

[@yajurka]

@@bjorntorlarsson I don't think English are troubled by amount of rain, but lack of sunny days, and at 1400 hours/year for Edinburgh and 1600 for London i don't envy them, However, they are not the worst, Faroe Islands getting only 840 hours of sunshine a year.

[@theemirofjaffa2266]

@@hernerweisenberg7052 "I have read somewhere..." Now that's a source I can trust

[@rustemzholdybalin6210]

@@bjorntorlarsson where was that, Manila? Jakarta? Dhaka?

[@rustemzholdybalin6210]

@@bjorntorlarsson is this sarcasm that Sweden is criminal in comparison with some african country?

[@thepuffin4050]

The emperor: petitions for rain Heaven: gives him rain The emperor: "It's too much rain, stop it" Heaven: "Hold on. This whole operation was your idea"

[@htoodoh5770]

Lol

[@verticalfracture]

Heaven: here's some Mongols to help with that rain😂😂🤣🤣😂😂

[@rayanhashmi6435]

I done 100

[@sergeantmajor_gross]

Cringe

[@thepuffin4050]

@@sergeantmajor_gross No more cringy than your exclusive set of collectible Furby dolls which you spend 7 hours every day cleaning because you have no job or SO to occupy your miserable life.

[@destituteduke]

I’m a simple Indonesian, I see “volcano” in the title, I clicked

[@incom8062]

Volcano adiction is bad get help imidiately!!!!!!!

[@InVinoVeratas]

Pacific Nations nod empathetically

[@stygian8049]

"It's the monthly hujan abu, nothing unusual here."

[@baabaaer]

Throw some politicians into it so we don't get the final episode of 2020!

[@fathfez7991]

I suppose you would do the same for earthquakes

[@aleksapetrovic6519]

First volcano ends Sassanid Persian Empire, then it was the cause of French Revolution and now this. Clearly volcans are bane of humanity.

[@WaterShowsProd]

A volcano was responsible for Mary Shelley writing Frankenstein.

[@aleksapetrovic6519]

@@WaterShowsProd Really? How?

[@MM-qs7qd]

@Esfandiar Nami not really but sometimes its ascribed to volcanic eruption of karatoka in 535AD

[@blade5896]

How did it effect the French Revolution ?

[@ChunkyWalnutX]

And Yellowstone will end the American empire, well and, the whole world.

[@StephanthePelted]

The world: dying China-Song Dynasty: Lemme issue an edict to the heavens

[@baltazarandrada8793]

While European masochists are busy flogging themselves to appease a sadistic god.

[@thekhans2823]

@@baltazarandrada8793 yep

[@yonathanrakau1783]

@@baltazarandrada8793 well they are just people trying to understand whats going on without any good understanding of the world what would you expect? Also the idea of pleasing God by whipping themselves was never been a doctrine of the church its just confused mob trying desperately to make the condition return to normal because they also suffer one of the worst pandemic they ever had adding to that

[@yonathanrakau1783]

@@baltazarandrada8793 plus unlike other places they cant even justified their suffering to anything since they didnt even knew the concept of diseases what they know only people infront of them died unlike those who were wiped by mongols they knew what cause their suffering this led them to speculate and if you know if you speculate without understanding of the world and surrounding it would be fucked up

[@carlramirez6339]

"The arrogance of man is thinking that nature is in our control and not the other way around." - Dr. Ishiro Serizawa

[@viktorvlasov483]

Isn't it obvious to almost all of humans that we navigate in environment that is bigger than us?

[@SlynxBozo1]

Mongols: we have literally beated every thing Volcanoes: lol not me

[@inregiis5327]

Thanks Kings and Generals! My day wasn't the best, but this certainly helped make it better :)).

[@pete2389]

Stop lying, this was the best day of your life and you know it

[@hpfreakje]

Hope you're doing al right! Feel free to reach out if you want to talk.

[@mauriceetal1426]

I thought you said 'my dad wasn't the best', I was like, "Ghenghis?"

[@kuwaitisnotadeployment1373]

Where do you live it's only 10 am here

[@InVinoVeratas]

@@Patrick3183 projecting much? Why don’t you practice what you preach.

[@MastaToSch]

Seems like the volcano wasn't satisfied with just killing their envoys. "Go big or go home!" - ancient volcano saying... I presume.

[@bastiangalaz4580]

Boomer volcano

[@InVinoVeratas]

It took out that imaginary city of Atlantis.

[@erdenepurevsuren4590]

I'm Mongolian and I approve of this video. Not gonna lie, this is the first time we have heard of this theory. A thoroughly interesting video, you guys deserve like 100 mil subs.

[@Davexmarcello6788]

Same im Mongolian heres proof Сайн уу means hello

[@nicholasschemper3206]

It is reasons like this for why I love history so much. Everything, one way or another, is interconnected through the butterfly effect. I don’t think a lot of people take into account how many different factors influence history. Geography, psychology, biology, and many other separate studies have all left their mark on history for one simple reason: they all influence the decision making of people, which in turn, dictates history. Thank you Kings & Generals for helping me time and time again pursue my love of history!

[@siechamontillado]

3:03 Wait a minute, are you telling me the Mongols had confetti technology in 1206?! I DON'T BELIEVE IT!!!

[@siechamontillado]

@abis8 alpha8 Mate, it's clearly confetti and ... silly string?!?!

[@siechamontillado]

@@comradekenobi6908 Clearly and now I want to see a video of just Genghis Khan's coronation ceremony where he and his band shared ice cream cake; played connect-four, spin-the-wheel, and scrabble; and at the end of it all, Genghis gets the keys to his new chariot to take to the prom.

[@christianusariewisnuwijaya9096]

If you wonder why there is no Samalas volcano on maps, it's because now it's called Rinjani.

[@rufuspanjaitan5759]

I live in Indonesia, and I didn't know these volcanoes had so much impact to the world 😳 Mindblown 🤯

[@Rine910]

Hah, that's funny because they teach me that stuff, I guess your school don't do the same.

[@rufuspanjaitan5759]

@@Rine910 what stuff? About the connection between Tambora explosion and The Year Without Summer? Your teacher must be a great teacher then.

[@Rine910]

@@rufuspanjaitan5759 well well well, looks like the education just do fine.

[@ayaanyani5521]

They erupt with different magnitude eruptions like earthquakes. Magnitude 7+ eruptions have global consequences and vei 8 and vei 9 can also kill all life on a whole continent. Thankfully they are very very rare only 4 of 7+ have been estimated to occur in last 2000 years

[@dimassokowati9778]

Indonesians here, couple times visited Lombok. Didnt realize till now we have the greatest natural weapon ever exist.

[@dup1237]

Mongol Empire: Does great Mother nature: "You know the rules, so do I"

[@fathfez7991]

*"you have reached your maximum credit limit"*

[@lazardiwongjogja]

Interesting, thank you for bringing this theory. Though I know that Samalas' impact was global, but I never thought that it might also contributed to the collapse of the Mongol Empire. Regionally, the eruption also weakened the Bedahulu Kingdom in Bali, where most of its populations perished, allowing the neighboring Singhasari to conquer the island later in 1284. Anyway, this also reminds me of a similar theory on how Tambora's 1815 eruption might play role in the fall of Napoleon's empire. You might want to check that out, if you haven't.

[@chengkuoklee5734]

There are papers that link climate change- crop failure- Arab Spring. In fact middle east and Africa impacted the most from climate changes. We are under mercy of nature but we did not pay attention enough because we have taken modern technology for granted.

[@Dfathurr]

Mongol Empire : NOOOO you can't end our struggle to conquer entire old world Volcano : haha ashes go brrrrrr

[@Carmelo124]

Mongols: "we have the greatest empire in history" Mother Nature: "ahahah volcano goes BOOM"

[@teagoodstuff734]

god revenge for infidels

[@deny.nurdin]

LoL BOOM!!! KABOOM!!

[@darthpalpalzang7914]

Lol

[@thekhans2823]

@ @@teagoodstuff734 , ???? You are brainwashed

[@stevenyd644]

Volcano anywhere in the world: *erupts* People in Bengal: ah sh*t here we go again

[@PS-nf3xw]

I am bengali and I didn't get you

[@nooneimportant834]

The rest of the world: * literally dying due to volcanic eruptions * Southeast Asia: first time?

[@Akainu_D._Ace]

Not all Southeast Asia have volcano. In Southeast Asia, Only Indonesia and Philippines who have volcanoes.

[@frederikadam9511]

Reject modernity, return to Möngke.

[@thekhans2823]

Ahh

[@yonathanrakau1783]

YES

[@early7strikeland996]

"England too reported uninterrupted heavy rain" Me: you don't say

[@jamilaziz9951]

This is what historians should call the "butterfly effect"

[@biggusdiccus1297]

Domino effect

[@theliato3809]

Its like the mongols were playing a table top game andthey just rolled poorly so the whole thing fell apart

[@quaintgentleman344]

That moment when you get three stab hit events in a row...

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

@K To be fair, it wasn't just the storms that stopped the invasions of Japan. Mongols didn't really get the whole sailing thing. Half the ships they used as transports were river boats that had very swallow keels or none at all.

[@GuderII]

Genish Khan : *Finally I manage to made greatest land empire in human history* Little volcano in Indonesian island : *Observe*

[@Freighttrainfour]

This is the type of content I expect from Kings and Generals. Well researched, niche topics that educate their audience not only on that specific topics but on how that topic should be a learning lesson for us now.

[@vasilijekamidzorac447]

I love how you concluded this episode, in very interesting way. Keep doing your best! Best regards!

[@Akumasama]

0:24 -- "His brothers, Kublai and Eric Booker."

[@ongkhuongduy3498]

That auto-subtitle gets weirder everyday.

[@Apt00]

Great Khan Eric from the Tribe of Booker, the most ruthless of all Mongols and one true successor of Genghis.

[@Abishek_Muthian]

This made me look into the end of Chola Dynasty (A Tamil empire which ruled over Southern India and vast regions of SE Asia 850-1279 A.D.) as the period is suspiciously close to that of 1257 Samalas eruption and although famine was widely reported during that period, the end of Chola dynasty was attributed to victory by rival Pandian Dynasty in wars. We know from other regions of the world during this period that the famines & wars were interlinked.

[@Jazmillenium]

It's crazy how frequently you guys push these videos out, and in such good quality. Amazing work as always.

[@justanotherchannel3696]

Indonesian Volcanoes: “I’m going to end all empire’s careers”

[@larslundandersen7722]

Yawn

[@dopeyfx1783]

Awesome video, amazingly well researched. Thank you Kings and Generals

[@prof.cecilycogsworth3204]

Brilliant work. Thanks for posting this!

[@lukezuzga6460]

Another glorious video with talked about perspective I remember from university. Good work Kings and Generals!

[@deandeathstrike9398]

Today mount Samalas is now a volcanic lake called "segara anakan" and right next to the lake is an active volcano called mount Rinjani Greetings from Indonesia 🇮🇩

[@sheldonwheaton881]

I guess y'all take for granted you're hemmed in by terrifyingly powerful volcanoes? Toba makes me sweat! 🗿

[@ltmatthewakj2466]

Salam bro, gunung berapi kita legendaris juga ya, dari gunung toba sampai lambas

[@deandeathstrike9398]

@@sheldonwheaton881 if you want to know how do we live with a bunch volcanoes surrounding us? The answer is *Deal with it* 😎

[@lolcano2346]

This video was by it's very nature- outside of your usual content, and it was extremely well presented, in my opinion. Good stuff.

[@jeremypaillotin9801]

Great artwork and effects, very informative too

[@Riftrender]

I love these videos. Always give me great worldbuilding ideas. History is the best source.

[@mjmartins3]

Amazing video. Thank you guys!

[@worstwaystodie5763]

Just a shout out to you guys to say thanks for the great content! I particularly love your Thirty Years War series!

[@scoobydicky9459]

Best ways to die? 😁😁😁😁

[@worstwaystodie5763]

@@scoobydicky9459 according to legend, Attila the hun died in the throes of intercourse

[@guilhermefernandes6067]

I would have never knew about Mongol history or even get interested. Thanks to this channel i'm addicted to this series. Thanks so much!

[@ebenezerpaul9413]

Great research @KingsandGenerals

[@andreasleonardo6793]

Too nice historic video showing &clear explaining of events how volcanic occurs not planning events in area...thanks for sending

[@22vx]

Good stuff K&G Thank you!

[@80budokai]

Kings & Generals, great video! Enjoy your Tuesday! Merry Christmas!💯🙏👐

[@Tyasur]

I just have to say, your volcano with the smoke animation at 5:30 is really well done!

[@santi2683]

Mongol empire: *exists* Volcano: "I'm gonna do what's called a pro gamer move"

[@muminulislam712]

History, Geography, Biology (Micro-Biology) in one video! One of the best document I ever watched in this chanel... (although, nearly every document here is amazing!)

[@b1ackic3]

This needs to have 1 mil. views. Quality production.

[@goncaloalves1756]

great content as usual, btw, you should totally make a video about the Battle of Aljubarrota

[@Jenny-ks8dw]

I really like this kind of discussion video on historical interpretations and views of events. Narrative videos are good fun, but I think they overshadow just how much disagreement there can be over events.

[@thomascharky7031]

Good stuff as always!

[@3DJMV3]

I love this take on natural disasters & history ! Very well done ! Please consider doing more like these ! Thanks a lot

[@superlative7confusticate335]

Loved this. Great job.

[@ashtonbarwick6696]

Amazing video. Your content was already good but this is just top teir stuff👌

[@keeshans5768]

Big up rashad ad-din for making this very interesting video possible!

[@AHappyCub]

This reminds me to several years ago where me and my family got stuck in Mataram for about 3 days because an eruption canceled our flight

[@AWMuSick]

Good Lesson on Geography as well. Thank You Kings & Generals.

[@samh98239]

It’s awesome to see this Chanel making the correlation btw climate patterns and historical events. It’s something i have been thinking about for a few years

[@kevinmills3329]

The production quality of your videos is outstanding! 👌😀

[@nazmikaansenel]

Magnificent content as always! I love it.

[@zako9396]

Mongol Empire:''We shall rule the world'' Volcano:''YEET''

[@RoomateNSNL]

This video is an 11 out of 10. Just awesome and well done. Well explained. Just WOW!

[@urosstamenkovic2169]

Mongol empire: nearly conquers medival world Volcano: He's to dangerous to be left alive

[@Darrell1019]

Thank you for another visionary history lesson!

[@knowledgedesk1653]

Love your videos. I didn't watch the video yet, but liked it.

[@PYRESATVARANASI]

Great content!

[@JonManProductions]

I legit saw the title and thought "K&G Be doing History Channel shit now", but that was something I would have never thought of... great video!

[@chuck430]

11:19 the years you state don't match the newspaper graphics you used; "1235" when the picture says 1835

[@drew5637]

Ya seems like he made a mistake or whoever wrote the script messed up

[@sisyphus4468]

We noticed but kept quiet. Let's just pretend nothing happened. We owe it to them.

[@joewagner934]

Tambora was 1815. There's speculation that it hastened the invention of the bicycle by making horse feed too expensive.

[@GoldenEagle313]

One of the best video, very well researched and organized. Seems like Natural Twists of History.

[@sabbatus]

very intresting video well done!!

[@aaaalif8629]

Again a awesome story from the best channel in KZbin Just the sheer quality of content is mind blowing for free

[@eyesofstatic9641]

I was wondering about the volcanoes effect on Europe and you went into what happened there! Thanks for the context regarding the world during it.

[@ottojespinoza]

Excellent video!

[@lunarphoenix1011]

Hey Kings and generals how do you do it ? How do you post quality videos every day !! You are probably the only KZbinr that does both quality and quantity

[@Ulas_Aldag]

Man the history of the Mongol empire after Ögedei is so complicated. I listened to Dan carlin and most of your videos on this topic but still can't wrap my head around this period.

[@rodolfogonzalez724]

Excelente como siempre. Esta perspectiva siempre es refrescante

[@elshanmammadli7731]

Man, I love this channel

[@adorhossain8503]

good explanation!

[@theknave4415]

Natural catastrophes and epidemics are often overlooked in our study of history. ;) Thank you for including this in your analysis.

[@IndraKatiK]

Indonesia: one of the kingdom here literally defeated a mongol expedition force Also Indonesia: oh, btw one of our mountain too

[@brodiebaker9082]

I was not exited for online school today but this video made it wayyyyyyyyy better.

[@tongmaa]

It is encouraging that theories such as these that modify history are included in the historical narrative. As mentioned, environmental factors are a major consideration of the military, and has been so important for exactly the reasons discussed here. It is not just the tactical climate examined in detail, but the strategic weather which could affect long range planning, and must be so detailed for by succeeding generations of generals and their commanders.

[@CivilWarWeekByWeek]

It wasn’t just the volcano, it was also when the horses broke up with the mongols

[@35_xe_raghavpatil67]

When are you guys gonna do the history of your channel??

[@35_xe_raghavpatil67]

@@rj5848 you know that all of the people tell their KZbin stories about how they grew and how they became popular etc

[@baabaaer]

@@35_xe_raghavpatil67 May need extra maps or historical dates.

[@35_xe_raghavpatil67]

@@baabaaer they just need to talk about how they started their channel it doesn't require a lot of effort

[@rocekth]

@@35_xe_raghavpatil67 r/wooosh

[@paulobernardo8593]

Love this channel! Since the battle of kosovo video.

[@ashtonbarwick6696]

One thing to note is that the famines experienced across Europe and Asia have a myriad of causes and vary on the specific area, but a major reason for those of Eurasia and Asia was due to the cumulative death count of the Mongols from Genghis to Ogedai. The pax Mongolia did make silk road trade more efficient, but at the same time the Mongols habit of slaughtering people, livestock and destroying crops shouldn't be overlooked. Moreover, the tendency for land based empires to become over extended and subsequently collapse into separate entities is a pretty common occurrence in history. A centralized state especially with unclear lines of succession on top of incredibly vast distances and massive diverse populations to govern is difficult if not impossible to maintain for long without some decentralization.

[@sirholycow]

Fascinating video.

[@PrelaE]

What a refreshing topic to bring up...

[@Marpaws]

Very interesting video !

[@tommoise1747]

Great video love linking global events to their effect on history

[@larrybaz2837]

Thank u your amezing alwasy make me feel good brother

[@mateuscordeiropereira6198]

I love the image that gengis khan, most infamous warlord in history, had confetti on his cerimony of gaining the title. 3:04

[@budakbaongsiah]

*CONGRATULATIONS!*

[@Top.Ramin.Noodles]

I believe that image was reused from the Subutai video, the Khan in the image is supposed to be Möngke I believe, and old man on the left is supposedly Subutai.

[@hiimryan2388]

Mongol empire: a series of fortunate and unfortunate event...