fMRI (Functional MRI)

[@lemueljohnurbano2285]

This is a quite advanced video on fMRI but the information is presented very well. I like how you included criticisms of fMRI and possible ways to address such.

[@davoodbayat738]

it couldn't be much better than that, solved many of my problems with the fMRI. Thanks!!!!!!!!!!

[@jingleilv5244]

That's an amazing animation about fMRI!

[@Wandererdove]

Thanks for sharing such a wonderful video letting a beginner like me absorb the knowledge well!

[@tmo314]

The sound effects are so good 😂 thank you!

[@maharidi]

Very nice explanation of a complex topic thank you!

[@TroyMira]

Excellent video! Thanks for putting in all the time and work!

[@troythexrayboy]

Thanks Dr. Klioze! I learned a lot from you with this video. Keep up the great work & Mahalo from Hawaii!

[@destany9591]

At 27, I've always considered myself healthy. I'm active as a home health aide taking care of clients in their homes, I'm working on my math skills at college. For over 1 year I've had this nagging fatigue & overwhelming weird sensations on my skin of numbness/tingling/burning shock. Legs pain too that go diffuse. Any doctor I've seen has never been able to figure it out. All my blood testing and physicals they deem me healthy.. I was seen by a neurologist last week. After exam, he said he wants to order 3 mris: a brain mri, two spine mris, and a nerve conduction study.............. I'm like wow that's a lot....... Then he says I know you were tested in the past for rheumatoid arthritis in the past and it came back negative but I'd want to order another lab to look for something

[@bonnielee7134]

I have a suggestion. Try measuring your arms, legs and girth of legs around the thighs to see if your body is the same size or not. You could be out of balance causing the brain to trip out on it (the idea of the brain tripping out on it is mine. Nobody told me that. I got that idea after reading about polio or cerebal palsy. And for some reason it hit me that my brain could be doing weird neurological things based on it's discovery that something is off). See, you said that you were active. You probably strained yourself and your brain woke up and said to itself, hey, we're not in balance let's freak out now. So one way to measure your legs is to lay down on paper or cardboard that is taped to the floor to keep it from moving. Lay on your back. Put your legs up in the air, hips up too and slowly let the spine down, one vertebrae at a time ( because your hips can be off as well. Meaning one hip could be higher than the other ). Once you got your legs all nice and stretched out have someone take a ruler or other flat, thin board to your heels and draw a line. Now you can move and take a ruler to draw a straight line on each of the heel lines and measure the distance. Measure the distance between the two distances. You could be 1/4" off which isn't too bad or more which could potentially be bad. It's been my experience that doctors and therapist focus on one section of the body and ignore the rest. It just doesn't dawn on them to think, hmm, if this part of the body is smaller, I wonder what else might be smaller. I reread your symptoms. Sounds like a slip disk to me. Or some kind of something, maybe swollen muscle pinching on a nerve in the spine. And it will be the low back, not the neck.

[@natasharobles3988]

Great video. Thank you!

[@oliver_siegel]

Who else is here watching this at 4 am after waking up from a strange dream after having an intensely emotional evening? Let's figure out this brain thing!

[@ChiDraconis]

I have been working on stuff farther out than Strange Dreams; I can now maintain lucid «stream of thought» independent of a dream; Strange or otherwise I went deep into gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-gated chloride ion channels with the result I need to leave Neurologists to their own formally approved work; The fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics is that many basic phenomena at the atomic level (such as energy emission and angular momentum) appear to be quantized - this is from Stern-Gerlach which notes an up↑ down↓ which - best I can find - denotes only quantification ~ from this an Emergent Gravity ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic_gravity *Doctor Klioze* Re: mriquestions.com/ Aw gee; Romp in the Park which I can correct; Readily; Easily; With stuff I have discarded already; • Constructive interference → a/k/a emergent: Hossenfelder • Mr. Schrödinger's Cat Analogy is simple enough though the article close by cites wave function Ψ(t) somehow "collapses" → note use of word collapse so we take that all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the universe - arriving at a Constructive interference ideology where what is seen *is the wave* - that which is beyond this limiting bound does not have a Minkowsky Spacetime limitation; Mandalla ( jung ) and all that has no definite 1:1 mapping from event M to event K ~ the Allen D. Elster work cited mentions Hilbert Spaces - which I was just studying; Those have an inner pair which utilizes notation from Mr. Schrödinger's famous notation which renders it non-linear ( my term not theirs ) in the same sense as as no definite 1:1 mapping above hence the Not Even Wrong www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/ *We find an immediate explanation for many-worlds •* The subjective experience of this is due to reading others via the Synaptic Gap where non-local forces interact via the 95% unseen which yes right there we _could_ say entanglement though that carries profound risks that are not known currently For further work see *Static* on Quanta Magazine

[@pathmasiribandara5563]

Absolutely 💯 amazing 👏

[@lucaskunz5319]

Great video, appreciate it!

[@vineetsingh4306]

Very well explained

[@stegalive]

This video is really good!

[@prodanalexandru6688]

such good video!

[@멋지게사과하는방법]

Thank you so much!

[@nadinzanaty2697]

Excellent explanation, thanks

[@tommasozanasca3879]

Hey that picture of Leiden is not a picture of the medical center (LUMC) but of an orphanage in a random street of the city. Nice video though :)

[@jodibridgman7634]

Dr. Klioze, a couple of questions for you. Do nuclear med techs or MRI techs perform fMRI? In your opinion, is fMRI the best way to study brain physiology or are there other preferred techniques.

[@DoctorKlioze]

Hi Jodi. Sorry for the late reply. fMRI is strictly an MRI technique and, therefore, is performed by the MRI technologist. It's not a common clinical procedure so most fMRI trained techs work at teaching or research institutes. As far as the best diagnostic approach to the evaluation of brain physiology, I think it depends on what you're trying to study. Mapping the brain cortex to evaluate eloquent areas of control prior to tumoral resection is probably best with fMRI because of the anatomic detail and higher spatial resolution. PET imaging uses a glucose analogue (FDG) to determine the metabolic activity of the whole brain. Different types of dementia can show characteristic patterns of diminished activity in the cerebral cortex that can help distinguish the dementia type and guide therapy. DaT (Dopamine Transport) scan uses a non-PET radioactive iodine compound called ioflupane to localize dopaminergic cells in the striatum of the brain. Decreased activity on SPECT (single photon emission tomography) imagining is highly sensitive and specific (90%+) for diagnosing Parkinson's syndrome over other types tremor disorders and very sensitive (90%) for distinguishing Parkinson's related dementia of dementia with Lewy Bodies from Alzheimer's.

[@prajwalaryan2208]

Hello doctor Being a paramagnetic substance gd with unpaired electrons causes T2 shortening and appears dark in T2 While the deoxyhemoglobin with unpaired electrons are also paramagnetic, so does deoxyhemoglobin also causes T2 shortening ? Since it also appears dark under T2 sequence though

[@DoctorKlioze]

Yes!

[@naveenpanwar5805]

you take a lot time sir for next episode of MRI .plz provide more and more videos on MRI and CT Scan.Plz reply sir

[@DouwedeJong]

wait. are you trolling? got a link for the salmon study? perhaps i am too deep in utube.

[@handicappuccino8491]

There’s a kid in the car where they schools but throws up and this is the only way we could prove whether or not he was doing it on purpose

[@railwayengineeringinsights6463]

Could you place make a video on trigeminal neurologia

[@tedarcher9120]

ZHDUN means "waiting man" basically

[@DoctorKlioze]

Did not know that. Makes sense, however. Thanks!

[@samuils]

WOW!!!

[@calcal5135]

I, a researcher in the field, estimate that 95% (possibly all in humans) of all published fMRI studies are worthless. The reason is that subject motion creates signal variance that swamps the BOLD signal. Although motion correction algorithms are applied to the data they simply do not work well enough to reduce the motion variance to an insignificant value. Most researchers know this to be true but carry on regardless because their career depends upon doing so. Other researchers are simply ignorant of the artifacts that make this method junk.

[@DoctorKlioze]

I appreciate your input! I agree and I think we're going to find a better way to quantify brain activity with MRI in the very near future. Hopefully it's you blazing that trail! When you head to Oslo to pick up your Nobel Peace prize, please send me an invite. I'd love to see it! Thanks again.

[@bonnielee7134]

So then why don't they just strap down the head in a way that breathing won't move it?

[@calcal5135]

Bonnie Lee It’s not just breathing. One can attempt to fix the head with constraints of various types but it’s hopeless. Submilimeter motion swamps the BOLD signal.

[@bonnielee7134]

Cal Cal, ok thank you. I read the book called, the psychopath inside, by, James Fallon. He has a lack of empathy and claims to have psychopathy. So for an Alzheimer's experiment, he used his and his family's fmri images as the control. And then that's when he stumbled upon his and seeing the lack of those areas in the brain lighting up. His family's were fine and his were dark. So what are you saying? He had the lucky 5% chance of it working out or the whole thing is a hoax? Also, he got some lawyer's phycho/killer clients off of death row because of this technology. A prosecutor should have shot that down considering only a 95% chance of it working. What does, "swamp the bold signal mean"? Does that mean making it all black? No lighted areas? Because James Fallon mid part and a little bottom frontal lob were black.

[@calcal5135]

Bonnie Lee After 25 years of fMRI it has NO clinical use. Some neurosurgeons will occasionally use it in presurgical planning but don’t really trust the results. Psychopathology can not be diagnosed by fMRI. You don’t understand what you are reading or are reading BS.

[@jorgearaguz8859]

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