Egyptian Pharaohs Family Tree | Dynasties 1 to 31

[@UsefulCharts]

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[@MikeGill87]

Did you really just used the Khafre pyramid picture to portrait the Khufu pyramid? :-)

[@nikolaevkatesla3823]

I love you thank you for making this

[@gorgonzolastan]

I think at the beginning of the video you said the Nile flows south, which is only true for one small spot. At about 3:40-ish Maybe I'm confused.

[@empireofengland6039]

How about Consuls of Rome. I know this is republic. But unlike nowadays republics ,Roman consuls were related to each other

[@JH-pt6ih]

Is the first chart going to become available? I can't read the name from the video and don't see it on the website. I see the 18th dynasty onward chart but not the Old and Middle Kingdoms shown in the video. I'd like to get the pair, so if it's going to become available .... thanks.

[@ObligatoryReference]

A friend of mine is a history teacher that happened to have 31 kids in his class this past year, so for their section on Ancient Egypt he assigned a dynasty to each kid. They had to do research and make a presentation with a poster about their chosen dynasty. Not only did they learn a lot, but for the rest of the year they could link whatever else they were learning about to the dynasty in power at the time (and whoever had done the report on the dynasty could often chime in). It was a really cool way to get the kids involved!

[@a.l.pittman1762]

I love that 🥰

[@seamusfinnerty5897]

i feel bad for whoever got number 7

[@Awesoman66]

@@seamusfinnerty5897 Or anyone who got basically a non-dynasty.

[@itsytyt5192]

Gh

[@whitecloak9724]

@@seamusfinnerty5897 Forgive my ignorance, but what's with number 7?

[@untruelie2640]

Fun Fact: During the reign of Ramesses the Great, official restoration works were conducted on the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Sakkara. To Ramesses and his contemporaries, the Djoser Pyramid was already an ancient building, having been built 1,500 years ago. Djoser was to Ramesses what Justinian and Belisarius are to us. Yet, Ramesses was still separated from Cleopatra VII. by more than 1,100 years, and she is separated from us by over 2,000 years. 47 centuries have passed since Imhotep stood there in the desert sand and oversaw the construction of the first pyramid and we can still visit it today. Truly amazing.

[@stevendebettencourt7651]

The sheer scale of time that Ancient Egypt existed is mind-boggling. Just remember these two items: First, the sheer length of time of Ancient Egyptian civilization is so great, it actually provided the first challenge to the literal reading of the Bible that the Earth is only about 6,000 years old. The issue this theory ran into was the fact that Egyptologists in the early 1800s were starting to uncover evidence of Pharaohs who reigned before the Great Flood and Noah’s Ark story, which is not possible; the Great Flood was meant to wipe away all evidence of prior civilizations. Some disputed the age of these finds to keep literal Bible history alive, but the later discovery of dinosaur fossils ultimately proved Young Earth false (some VERY misguided people still believe in it, though). Second, the last Pharaoh of an independent Ancient Egyptian kingdom, Cleopatra VII (the famous one who had children with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony) is closer in terms of time to us today that she was to the construction of the Great Pyramids.

[@marwaqoura7804]

Thanks for your comment ,I am Egyptian ❤🇪🇬🙏..We are trying to convince people with these facts that Egyptologists unearthed beginning from the 1800's ..but they still believe in all that political and religious crap (once about Je*ws,or centre-African ... ), the amazing thing about Egypt and Egyptians that neither their borders nor its people have changed over thousands of years ..

[@untruelie2640]

@@marwaqoura7804 With all due respect, both have changed significantly. Modern Egyptians have as much in common with ancient Egyptians as we modern Germans have with the ancient pagan germanic or celtic tribes. There is a certain genetic and linguistic continuity, but not a major one. And I don't know what theories you are talking about, but the results of modern egyptology are pretty much the accepted standard everywhere as far as I know. I also don't see how the word Jew is supposed to be a curse word, except if you prefer to submerge yourself in the all too common muslim antisemitism. In this case, I would advise you to keep your opinion to yourself.

[@marwaqoura7804]

@@untruelie2640 Surprise , I am not religious at all ...and who gave you the right to assume my religious beliefs in first place they are not of your concern or business,I said Egyptians as we all call ourselves here no matter what our colour ,religion , race ..etc is ,so keep your culture to yourself as it is not comparable to Egyptians .

[@untruelie2640]

@@marwaqoura7804 Part of my assumption may have been wrong, but you still wrote "J*ws" like a censored curse word. I will not tolerate something like that in a discussion.

[@TG-nd9rj]

Just think... by the time of Tutankhamen, Egypt had been in power for almost two thousand years. There were likely Egyptians who studied the first dynasties, the pyramids, and necropolis' like we're doing today, because for them it was already extremely old. It's the same as us looking back to the Roman period from today's perspective. Crazy to think about.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

More than if you include the pre-dynastic "Scorpion I" (not the one of the image at the start of the video) was possibly reigning around 3300-3250BCE. But yeh, Egypt is insane for its duration. Still my favourite trivia that we in the modern day are around 500 years closer (so to the time of the conquest of the Aztecs for us, to give a comparison) to Cleopatra (VII), last solo ruling Pharaoh of Egypt, than she was to Khufu's Great Pyramid being built

[@dorderre]

To think that also the dynasties zero and one are merely the oldest we have any tangible evidence of. By that time there were already two distinct kingdoms in Egypt, which have probably already existed for quite some time at that point. Several hundred years at the very least I think. We just didn't find any evidence of them (yet). One reason for that it that nasty habit of erasing all signs of your predecessor each time a new king/dynasty takes over. Lots and lots of Information is lost forever because of that. Imagine if they hadn't done so - we could probably trace egyptian history back way further than that, maybe like 5.000 BC or even further.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

@@dorderre my research, following Günter Dreyer, posits back to around 3460BCE, with a King "Ma-Hedj" (King Gazelle), with around 5-6 rulers before we get to "Scorpion I". Before then, the written record simply fails, so any complex polities simply are not attested back then, although the Badarian and similar were indeed in place around 4-5000BCE. Dreyer's ideas are controversial however, and not commonly accepted so take this with some salt.

[@timothystamm3200]

​@Matthew-rh6ei well we know from Geology that the Saharah is a relatively recently formed desert, so it could be that if you go back before monsoons stopped reaching the region you likely had spread out nomadic herders and early agriculturalists. Meaning Egypt and oasis communities likely formed when people from the growing desert sought refuge there.

[@zombieat]

@@timothystamm3200 no. the sahara desert is 7 million years old.

[@meldinway]

As an Egyptian and Ancient Egypt enthusiast, I say to you Bravo and Thanks!

[@Backroadslim301]

Wrong you can make up anything

[@hircenedaelen]

@@Backroadslim301 what the fuck dude?

[@philo3936]

Pretty insane how he keeps repeating the myth that south is up because it's where the Nile flows. ALL ANCIENT MAPS HAD SOUTH AS UP (Arabs, Chinese, first actual map makers ). Don't mistake him for someone unbiased or without agenda.

[@hircenedaelen]

@@philo3936 no they didn't. The Scottish HIGHlands are in the north

[@lakesander2458]

​@@philo3936 Sources for: "ALL ANCIENT MAPS HAD SOUTH AS UP"? Arabic maps had south at the top - yes, but those maps are deffinitely from middle ages, and so, they are not "ancient". Chinese maps? Which ones? First known maps were made propably by Assyrians, then later ones by Greeks. What agenda would be behind saying that names for Upper and Lower Egypt are connected to river-flow?

[@tomtomtrent]

I remember I once recently tried to think of what the oldest historical figures I could name from memory were, and the oldest was Pharoah Khufu because of the pyramid. So I guess if you want to be remembered forever, building a giant structure is one way to do it

[@rivenoak]

it pays off to build; his pyramid is the earliest AND the last intact building of the seven wonders of ancient world. the other 6 fell to earthquakes and fires etc. _Man fears time, but time fears the pyramids_ arab proverb

[@Hadar1991]

It is a very good guess. I would probably say Hammurabi or Cheops (name for Khufu in my langueages), but if I would think very very hard there is small change I would say Gilgamesh without checking it (know I just looked on list of Sumerian rulers and I had the moment "ahh, yes, I know Gilgamesh). :p But my first instinct would be probably Hammurabi which was waaaay later than Gilgamesh or Cheops. :p

[@vitormelomedeiros]

I would say Narmer, I knew him even before the video haha you can't go wrong with him! A certified oldie!!

[@theMOCmaster]

Mine would be utzi the iceman, if you want to be remembered, die somewhere very cold

[@Hadar1991]

@@theMOCmaster Does he classify as historical person? Also I think that Iry-Hor is earliest person recorded by name. And whoever Utzi the Iceman was, he died only around 100 years earlier than Iry-Hor

[@Replicaate]

The continuity of the Ancient Egyptian world is mindblowing, when you think of all the civilizations that rose and fell around them during their run - even the Romans were in awe that Egypt was an empire of cities and temples when their founders were living in a few tiny villages and stealing cattle.

[@LoveyourzAF]

And instead of respect... the response was to conquer

[@MazenKarar-e5r]

​​@@LoveyourzAF Yes because egypt already was conquerored multiple times under different empires,It evolved from an invincible bronze age empire itself to a province to bigger ones like the assyrians a very important one too it has a great surplus of grain and other goods due to its high fertility plus its not like the greco Romans disrespected the egyptians many aspects of egyptian civilization were incorporated like the egyptian mystery cults underwent a syncretism with the gods of romans mummification was still practiced and egyptian themselves became roman citizens and gave us many great scholars historians etc.

[@LoveyourzAF]

@@MazenKarar-e5r how do you know they weren't disrespected? Modern culture uses aspects of black traditions and practices all the time while treating the people terrible. Liking something and respecting it are not the same.

[@thattimestampguy]

0:00 This video is/was/still is sponsored by Blinkest 2:05 Addressing The Word Pharaoh Rulers of Egypt were called Kings from Dynasty 1 to Dynasty 17 The 18th Dynasty was when the title Pharaoh would be used to speak of The Ruler of Egypt. Pharaoh used to refer to the entire ruling palace family, not just the main ruler. 2:45 Dynasty 0 + Includes a handful of Pharaohs such as Iry Hor and Scorpion, + the earliest known writing of a person's name IN HISTORY, and + the FIRST PICTURE OF A PHARAOH in history, Pharaoh Scorpion. 3:24 Dynasty 0 Ruled from their capital city of Naqada. Upper Egypt = Upper Nile River Egypt Lower Egypt = Lower Nile River Egypt Lower Egypt is North of Upper Egypt, because The elevation increases from Lower Egypt to Upper Egypt. 5:15 Alot of the early family trees are guesswork. Dynasty 1 Narmer to Qua, 3150 to 2890 4:06 Narmer conquered Lower Egypt, uniting Lower and Upper under 1 King, King Narmer 5:04 The First 8 Pharaoh's on the list are from Dynasty 1. 1st King Narmer 3150 to 3125 BC 2nd King Hor-Aha 3125 BC to 3050 BC 3rd King Djer 3050 BC to 2980 BC 4th King Djet & Queen Regent Mereneith [Brother Sister pair who became Husband-Wife] , 2980 to 2970 BC 5th King Den 2970 to 2930 BC 6th King Adjib 2930 to 2920 BC 7th King Semerkhet 2920 to 2910 BC 8th King Qua 2910 to 2890 - They practiced human sacrifice, believing the sacrificed souls would aid the King in the afterlife. 6:50 Dynasty 2 Hotespekhemwy to Khasekhemy, 2890 to 2650 BC 9th/1st King Hotespekhemwy 10th/2nd King Nebra 11th/3rd King Nynetjer 12th/4th King Wadjenes & King Seth-Peribsen 13th/5th King Senedj & King Sekhemib Perenmaat 14th/6th King Khasekhemy + King Khasekhemy started having Egypt build large building projects + King Khasekhemy commissioned statues of himself to be built as well 7:45 *EGYPT: THE OLD KINGDOM OF EGYPT, Djoser to ????? 2686 to 2181 BC* Dynasty 3 15th/1st King Djoser + King Djoser built _THE FIRST EGYPTIAN PYRAMID_ *The Step Pyramid* in Lower Egypt. + King Djoser's/Architect Imhotep's Step Pyramid ranks 10th on the list of TALLEST PYRAMIDS. 8:35 16th/2nd King Sekhemkhet 17th/3rd King Sanakht 18th/4th King Kahaba 19th/5th King Huni, father of Sneferu. 8:48 PEAK OLD KINGDOM Dynasty 4 20th/1st King Sneferu 2600 BC to 2590 BC + King Sneferu had The Red Pyramid, The Bent Pyramid, and The Collapsed Pyramid. 21st/2nd King Khufu 2590 BC to 2575 BC + King Khufu had built The Great Pyramid of Giza, the tallest structure in the world for 4,000 Years! 22nd/3rd King Djedefre 2575 BC to 2570 BC + King Djedefre had built The Lost Pyramid 23rd/4th King Kahfre 2570 BC to 2530 BC + Had built The Great Sphinx Statue 24th/5th King Menkaure 25th/6th King Shepseskaf built himself a smaller tomb, not a pyramid. Dynasty 5 10:52 26th/1st King Userkaf 27th/2nd King Sahure + King Sahure's stone tomb would be copied in style by many Kings who ruled after him. + King Sahure's navy expanded to new territory like Eritrea. 28th/3rd King Neferirkahre Kakai 29th/4th King Shepseskare 11:59 30th/5th King Neferefre + King Neferefre IS THE EARLIEST KING FOR WHOSE BODILY REMAINS HAVE BEEN FOUND! 31st/6th King Nyuserre Ine 32nd/7th King Djedkare Isesi 33rd/8th King Unas 2380 BC to 2350 BC + Archaeologists found Pyramid Texts inside King Unas' Tomb. Dynasty 6 14:25 The Intermediary Period/Egyptian Dark Age/Lost Records Period. Dynasty 7 - "70 rulers in 70 days" Dynasty 8 Lower Egypt minor dynasty Dynasty 9 Lower Egypt minor dynasty Dynasty 10 Lower Egypt minor dynasty 15:00 Dynasty 11 The 5 Nomarchs - Intef The Elder - Mentuhotep I - Intef I - Intef II - Intef III *THE MIDDLE KINGDOM OF EGYPT* 15:10 Mentuhotep II reunites Lower and Upper Egypt 15:44 Dynasty 12 King Amenhemnat I 2nd King Senusret I 3rd King Amenhemnat II 4th King Senusret II 5th King Senusret III, part of a Greek Legend referring to Susastras. 6th King Amenhemnat III had The Black Pyramid built, and ruled peacefully. 7th King Amenhemnat and Queen Sobekneferu Dynasty 13 18:12 8th/1st King Sobekhotep I 18:27 2ND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD/DARK AGE 1750 to 1580 Dynasty 14 Dynasty 15 Dynasty 16 Hyksos/Rule by foreigners aka non-Egyptians/Canaanite Kings Dynasty 17 19:45 Dynasty 18 *Kings are now referred to as _Pharaohs_ 20:43 Ancient History Family Tree Chart. 1st Pharaoh Ahmose I 2nd Pharaoh Amenhotep I 3rd Pharaoh Thutmose I 4th Pharaoh Thutmose II & Queen Hatshepset 5th Pharaoh Thutmose III 6th Pharaoh Thutmose IV 7th Pharaoh Amenhotep III The Great, Pharaoh of The Apex of Egyptian Art 8th 24:05 Pharaoh Akhenaten & Queen Nefertiti. 25:23 9th Pharaoh Smenkhare 26:08 10th Pharaoh Tutankhamun aka "King Tut" died at age 19. Dynasty 19 28:15 9th/1st Ramesses I 10th/2nd Seti I 11th/3rd Ramesses II The Great 90 YEAR OLD + He built lots of massive statues of himself, 1 in Nubia. + He might be Pharaoh from The Old Testament Bible Story in Exodus Dynasty 20 31:40 1st Pharaoh Setnakthe, victor of Ancient Egyptian Civil War. 2nd Ramses III: BRONZE AGE COLLAPSE!!! Sea People Attacks weaken Egypt! Ramses IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD 1077 BC Dynasty 21 Lower Egypt is ruled by Pharaohs. Upper Egypt is ruled by Priests. Dynasty 22 overlaps With The Kingdoms Period of Israel and Judah. 33:47 Shoshenq I "Shishak" 34:42 Dynasty 23 Dynasty 24 35:15 Kushite Egypt, Egypt is a part of The Kushite Empire Dynasty 25 36:16 Taharqua/Tirhakah 36:36 Dynasty 26 - Shift from 3rd Intermediate Period to Late Period. Necho II killed King Josiah of Judah. 37:41 THE PERSIAN ACHAEMENID EMPIRE Dynasty 27 Darius The Great The Persian ruler of Persia and Egypt Xerxes The Great The Persian ruler of Persia and Egypt Dynasty 28 (1 ruler can be considered a dynasty?) Pharaoh Amyrtaeus Dynasty 29 (2 rulers can be considered a dynasty? Doesn't it need like more than 2 rulers?) Dynasty 30 39:15 PERSIAN RULERS OF EGYPT PART 2 Dynasty 31 39:25 ALEXANDER THE GREAT, THE MACEDONIAN/GREEK 39:55 The Ptolemaic Dynasty Dynasty 32 END: Cleopatra and Marc Antony.

[@salwaabusaad9819]

Appreciate you❤

[@BillGreenAZ]

Underrated comment.

[@RepOfAntarctica]

I guess that's a way to understand the difference between Upper & Lower Egypt. More simply, the Nile flows from south to north, & Upper usually refers to being closer to the source, & Lower closer to the mouth or delta. Logically, most rivers, if not nearly all, flow from higher to lower elevations.

[@ZfromBrooklyn]

👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾

[@MatthewMcVeagh]

I admire your dedication to documenting the content in text, with time links. At an earlier age this is the sort of thing I might have done myself.

[@ALISTGAMERS1]

3000 years in 40 mins is simply incredible. Thank you for helping me practice my passion for history without going to school to become a historian. I use your videos to springboard into more research which I learn more knowledge. Your charts are easy to follow too. I also use your charts to study theology too

[@sahilsingh6048]

5000

[@JackRackam]

Ooh I'm excited for this one! Dynastic Egypt, for the staggering amount of time it existed, has always been a blind spot in my history knowledge

[@ceegle]

Why don't you make videos on this channel anymore

[@theshenpartei]

Egypt will always be my favorite ancient civilization

[@lovecraftianwalrus4490]

Just everything about them is so endlessly fascinating.

[@CJMapping]

Ancient Mesopotamia I think is more fascinating

[@drswag0076]

Not to mention that its the oldest country right after China and Iran.

[@alimohamed7356]

thanks man as an Egyptian, it makes me happy that people appreciate our civilization

[@theshenpartei]

@@CJMapping that one is my third and second is either ancient China or any of mesoAmerican or ancient North American civilizations like Cahokia or Clovis or Mayan

[@kenkeep69]

I believe current thought is that it was not Thutmose III that tried to erase Hatshepsut from memory, but could of been his son Amenhotep III. Hatshepsut was co-regent with Thutmose, towards the end of her reign and he was the head of the Egyptian military during the co-regency. His mortuary temple is directly adjacent to her mortuary temple in Dier el-Bahri. This is so far back in history that many theories have equal validity though, given lack of direct evidence.

[@barbarossarotbart]

That is one of the mistakes made in this video. Others are the that Aye ursuped the throne from Haremhab who had been Tutanchamun's heir at the time of the pharao's death. It is also speculated that his successors of the 19th dynasty erased all pharaoes from Echnaton upto Harmehab from the records. And it was forgotten to mention that Ramesses III was murdered by one of his sons in the so called harem conspiracy.

[@fabianhale845]

Amenhotep II, not III.

[@Kalafinwë]

In my second-third year of highschool, I nearly memorized the genealogies of every dynasty, using songs and rhymes. It was insane, and my contemporary history teacher was impressed, and suggested I apply for the international program (which was actually for elite and rather snobbish kids). I didn't want to do so, as I felt it didn't change anything to my success in life. Today, I am a PhD candidate and have won a competitive national prestigious scholarship, on my way to realize my childhood dream. Morale of the story : memorize all of the ancient egyptian dynasties and don't get into useless programs.

[@Noah73827]

Wow, that’s amazing. Good luck in your life!

[@Kalafinwë]

@@Noah73827 Thank you mate ! KZbin : the one opportunity to share life anecdotes.

[@mlfett6307]

Excellent - while Archeologist/Historian was my aim. somewhere I made a left turn and ended up with a Math & CompSci degree. It is my youngest who is the Historian/Museum Specialist in the family!

[@Kalafinwë]

@@mlfett6307 Amazing ! Something similar happened to me, altought in an interdiscplinary level instead of a complete change. I went from aiming a specialization on speech and ideology analysis in Nazi Germany, using QGIS and geomatic method to show the influence of the propagation of nazi ideology. I went from that to specializing in human rights and humanitarianism in postcolonial nation-state building in northern africa. Quite the turn.

[@imokin86]

Now we won't stop until you quote at least one pharaoh song! I'm imagining something like I am the A-M-E-N-H-O-T-E-P, we are meant to be a land on the Nile full o glory and style but Hittites keep hitting us, dripping with bile

[@kacperwoch4368]

I think you nailed the narration in this video, it's very easy to follow and despite covering thousands of years it gives a good overview of Egypt's history.

[@helios9025]

The "great pyramid" in the picture is actually Khafre's pyramid. Unfortunately, this is a common mistake.

[@grantorino2325]

9:15 Indeed, Khufu's pyramid is the one missing its capstone.

[@kartik4792]

I was about to write the same. Thanks for pointing this out

[@MrFishPie]

Yeah, came here to say this too. Good catch!

[@adriankolsters]

Yep, same here. This mistake is made by almost anyone posting videos about the pyramids here. They always show the middle of the three, which is Khafre's. It looks taller as it stands on higher ground, but Khufu's Great Pyramid is taller.

[@hazenoki628]

Searched the comments hoping that someone would've pointed this out, you did not disappoint!

[@Amadeu.Macedo]

Congratulations on this outstanding, illuminating chart, which I respectfully call an amazing, thorough documentary. Most importantly, I must thank you so much for setting up this extremely complex historical production, comprising the entire Ancient Egyptian lineage from Dynasty-0 (of which I was beforehand unaware) through Cleopatra Selene II (70/69 BCE - 30 BCE), because until today I had been unsuccessfully attempting to establish an equivalent, comprehensive and relatively reliable list of Egyptian rulers over 3,000 years!!! BRAVO!

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Ey, welcome to the club. It is a challenge isn't it heh.

[@Ανδρέας-ΓεώργιοςΣκίννερ]

The fan-made chart seems to include many more niche fsmily trees as well; it would definitely make a great video

[@muhammadHassan-kj1jy]

💯

[@jayedgardyson1920]

You have a real gift for conveying knowledge. Your videos - like your posters - are always so clear, concise and easy to follow. If all teachers followed your methods (ie talk to your students/viewers/listeners, etc as if we have no prior knowledge of the subject BUT do so in a non-patronising, easy-to-follow manner) then education would become far more interesting and pleasurable. Thank you for all your hard work and dedication - it is appreciated enormously!

[@stephenfoster7149]

03:35 the Nile flows north into the Mediterranean, not south. Small error, love your content. thx

[@RepOfAntarctica]

What's hilarious is that they probably know that & still got it confused in writing the script. Source: the animation moves north as they explain it.

[@LightSourceTemple]

Came here to say that. Innocent mistake

[@High-c7]

The effort, the skill and most of all the knowledge put into this kind of videos is highly commendable.

[@prindle_poetry7521]

3:38 you say the Nile flows south, you meant to say it flows North

[@lahaina4791]

Exactly, thank you !

[@ulrike9978]

My favourite fact about Ramesses II is that he was very prone to kind of overlaying names/inscriptions of his predecessors with his own. As a result his own hieroglyphic inscriptions are chiseled very deeply into the rock, so that no one could repeat this trick with his^^ (I would be careful with this reconstruction of Tutankhamun, though - I have heard a lot of egyptological screaming about that one. Apparently it exaggarates his disabilities quite a bit).

[@mindymorgan8479]

I'm so glad you do charts. Because, many people put out videos and don't know how to make the connection.

[@ahmednibra89]

Ancient Egypt was around for so long they had not one but 3 dark ages.

[@ahmedmahboub2199]

Egyptians had 4 dark agesthe the last one from 525 BC to 1952 AC

[@MazenKarar-e5r]

​@@ahmedmahboub2199 I would not say so its true that egypt ended up losing its sovereignty since the persian conquest and between that period wouldn't have alot of native egyptians in seats of power,But egypt was the center of many successive powerful states that were based in it the fatimids ayyubids mamluks khedivate all of those were of foreign origin but under them egypt was very a prosperous hegemon.

[@lordofdent2399]

Next episode: “Who would be Pharaoh today” 😅

[@genghiskhan2056]

Now That would probably be pretty hard to make. Going back thousands of years would leave like possibly thousands of not millions of people as descendants.

[@emilybarclay8831]

Since none of the children of the last native Egyptian pharaoh Nectanebo II were recorded, none of the children of the last Achaemenid pharaoh Darius III had any known offspring, and Cleopatra’s children all either died or disappeared into history, there is no answer there. There is no provable or known heir to the title

[@Ritz1256]

Technically you can just randomly declare yourself the Pharaoh of a new dynasty (especially if Egypt is in a state of chaos & you have sufficient support) because that's literally how Egypt got boatloads of random dynasties from different backgrounds anyway

[@moreliarodriguez4482]

Outstanding work! Excellent coverage of such a lenghty and complex period of history. Congratulations. I learnend a lot..

[@HistoryfortheAges]

I love lecturing on Ancient Egypt! Not only the family lines but how the geography of the region impacted the region. I have a video showing the earth at night, you can still see almost eveyone in Egypt lives near the Nile.

[@carltonleboss]

Egyptian history is so fascinating.

[@jacquelineandrade3281]

Such a great video! I know this must've taken so much work. But, so happy to have watched it! I love learning history and this channel is just so great for that!

[@aliasqar5379]

last week I watched your latest video on biblical figures and when it came to Egyptian Pharaohs who lived at the same time as Moses, I thought it would be great if you published a comprehensive video about Egyptian Pharaohs, I am very glad that you accept suggestion through thoughts as well. like your channel very much. :)

[@kamel30001]

Small correction. The picture shown as the great pyramid of Giza is actually khafre's. Not khufu's.

[@MachiavellisApprentice-nv4dx]

Akhenaten was a monotheist, not a henotheist or monolatrist. That he initially allowed the temples for the traditional pantheon to operate does not mean that he believed in those gods, but that he needed the revenue from the temples. For him to have just closed all the temples at the start of his reign would also have probably caused a civil war, or at least prompted non Atenist nomarchs and other lords to stage a coup. Too complicated a topic for KZbin comments though.

[@TheCandiceWang]

Yeah, kind of shocking to see him get this in error. Ahken-aten was a monotheist.

[@graceneilitz7661]

@@TheCandiceWang It was 3,000+ years ago, you can argue it both ways. I would argue that he just followed what his father had done to its logical conclusion.

[@WickedFelina]

The photo you used for The Great Pyramid is actually the 2nd of the pyramids at Giza or Khafre's pyramid.

[@terryz935]

Khafre's pyramid can easily be identified by the remaining casing stones still visible at the top.

[@mattwilliams9466]

No you're wrong it's not the khafre's pyramid

[@zbh-gl3gg]

No, it's right. The pyramid shown in the film is not Chufu's pyramid, but the pyramid of his son Chafre.

[@1abdelrahmanwael]

​@@mattwilliams9466you are wrong its the khafr3 pyramid, its the 2 second pyramid. Dont argue im Egyptian and I visited it last month

[@efusco]

I desperately want a pocket version of the Dynasty 1-18 (or 31) that is laminated to take along when I travel to Egypt next year that I could use as a handy reference.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

As the video shows, alas we can't link them all together. The first time we have a connective link that lasts more than a Dynasty is the end of Dynasty 3 to Dynasty 6. The earlier we go, understandably the weaker our knowledge. But yeh, would be a fun resource to do

[@d-lo811]

Enjoy Egypt! I went there after I fell in love with Ancient Egypt history, and the ruins and relics there are MIND BLOWING. And that's discounting all the stolen artifacts by many other countries to display in their museums.

[@thejimmydanly]

When I was in second grade, we had a lot of lessons about ancient Egypt. At the end, we had to write a paragraph about why we wanted to visit Egypt. As I was going through a contrarian phase, I refused. I didn't want to go to Egypt. I negotiated with the teacher who eventually let me write a paragraph about why I didn't want to go. I don't know if I still have it, but I remember it went something along the lines of "I already live in Texas. I know what our summers are like. Egypt is a desert that gets even hotter. I don't want to have to deal with even worse heat just so I can see some big triangles and dead people." Of course, I now actually think Egypt is pretty neat. I knew it back then too but was just being stubborn.

[@DarkBlade37]

23:26 Clarification: Canaan was under Egyptian dominion during the New Kingdom (though this dominion waned by the time of Merenptah and ended completely during the 20th dynasty), but wasn’t part of Egypt in the same way that the modern governorates are part of Egypt.

[@thomasrinschler6783]

You know, even after decades of studying ancient history, it just struck me that the "70 kings in 70 days" of the 7th Dynasty being a metaphor for chaos was very like the "Who was king? Who was not king?" in the Sumerian King list as the Akkadian Empire collapsed into chaos. And it also never struck me concerning the dates of both until Matt brought it up - the traditional date for the 7th Dynasty is 2181 BC and the Middle Chronology dates for the four kings that make up the chaos of the collapse of the Akkadian Empire are 2193 - 2189 BC. So... living in the first couple of decades of the 22nd century BC could not have been very fun...

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Yep, it is right at the time of the 4.2 kilo year event if you want to research that. Mantheo did over exaggerate the disorder of the kingdom however. Although yes the record is slim, we do have names for many rulers of the 7th and 8th Dynasties.

[@tiredteen8906]

I watched your video, made notes, made a bunch of charts explaining the political directoons, believe, innoventions etc etc etc...for my FANTASY story. I could have just made everything up in my comic, but NO, IT NEEDED TO BE ACCURATE. I may hate myself for hyperfocussing, but your video was god damn perfect info delivery!

[@Lizablue0608]

In high school all my friends made fun of me because I was the only one of the bunch who loved history class. Especially ancient Egypt. :) Still do. Great video!

[@thirdyramos6437]

What are you doing Step-Pyramind?

[@chimera9818]

36:00 most likely Egyptian look like Egyptian considering they are genetically mostly still same people

[@gordontaylor2815]

For those looking for a more in-depth look at how the dynasties of Egypt worked and the kings within them, I would recommend History with Cy's "Ancient Egypt: Dynasty by Dynasty" video series -> playlist?list=PLUx8354UG5yy4JiAs1I23s5cLtnfDs0pN Currently the series goes to the start of the New Kingdom with plans to eventually cover all the way up to the rise of the Ptolemies. One of the episodes even gives a shoutout to Useful Charts in the intro!

[@michaelandrews2619]

Matt, that was spectacular. Well done.

[@RussellFlowers]

"...the way that the Nile River flows, which is south" - wait...

[@UsefulCharts]

Oops!

[@ElijahsAnimationChannel]

0:01 Before 0:50 Sponser 2:07 After Sponser 2:52 Dynasty 0 4:41 Dynasty 1 6:56 Dynasty 2 7:36 Dynasty 3 8:48 Dynasty 4 11:04 Dynasty 5 13:04 Dynasty 6 The 1st Intermediate Period 14:24 Dynasty 7 14:24 Dynasty 8 14:24 Dynasty 9 14:24 Dynasty 10 14:24- 15:00 Extras 15:01 Dynasty 11 Part 1 15:16 Dynasty 11 Part 2 15:42 Dynasty 12 18:15 Dynasty 13 18:43 Dynasty 14 18:56 Dynasty 15 19:46 Dynasty 16 19:47 Dynasty 17 20:50 Dynasty 18 28:24 Dynasty 19 31:37 Dynasty 20 33:20 Dynasty 21/High Priests of Amun

[@alimohamed7356]

9:16 just pointing out a mistake the pyramid shown in the picture is the pyramid of Khafre not the Great Pyramid regardless, great video man, keep it up

[@giordy9013]

Hoped for a long time you would publish a video about Pharaohs, I'm so happy as ancient Egypt is my favorite old civilization by far

[@je9026]

This is one of the best channels on youtube 👏🏽👏🏽

[@vanhaven7331]

When you mentioned the Great Pyramid, you showed the picture of a different pyramid (Khafre's).

[@keevancrawford6708]

Love that side by side of what I thought with Egyptian and biblical history.

[@guilhermeluisfrancarego266]

It's quite interesting that Nectanebo II was the last native egyptian to rule Egypt until Gamal Abdel Nasser in the 50s

[@adangbe]

Kudos for attempting the genealogIies of Ancient Kemet. They're family lines that are VERY unclear.

[@ingaman]

LET'S GOOOOOOO! Been waiting for this one since I started following the channel years ago.

[@rnanni1048]

I never clicked this fast on a video!

[@selimk1]

Best part is that, this picture( 9:19 ) isn’t Khufu’s pyramid. That’s Khafre’s Pyramid.

[@cameroff]

Minor correction at 3:36 - the Nile flows north not south

[@nicholashunt-bull101]

You misspoke… the Nile flows north. Otherwise great stuff as always.

[@doyouknoworjustbelieve6694]

Great video. Just a minor correction: The Nile flows North.

[@shel_shel]

Omg! I literally asked if you could do a video on this few weeks ago! Thanks for posting this.

[@kevincraigmile7340]

Sorry to say, @ 9:14 is a photo of the Kafre pyramid, not Khufu.

[@lillianvoekler9908]

This is a blessing

[@Tiffers963Hz]

Thank you so much for this transmission. This must have taken so much time and effort to research. Sending you much gratitude and many blessings. 🙏🏽

[@theeth3242]

It's crazy to think about how long Egypt has been around. Like the Romans view Ancient Egypt the same way we view the Romans. That's the timescale were working on. Crazy.

[@mrgopnik5964]

To those confused as to how ancient Egyptian has so many dynasties, keep in mind that the timeframe in which ancient Egypt existed is around 2800 years. To put into perspective, from the point in which ancient Egypt stopped existing, to the modern day, only 2356 have gone by

[@vitormelomedeiros]

would love an Akkadian family tree video too! this one was sooo great, I love very ancient history! keep it up!!!

[@LordJazzly]

20:30 I hadn't read that story about the hippos, but I've read some other ancient Egyptian literature; the idea of someone getting a letter that reads 'We can't sleep because your hippos are making _so much noise_ that we can hear it hundreds of kilometres away' seems pretty well in line with the sense of humour I've seen in those others. Extra points if other documents elsewhere imply that 'your hippos are making noise' is also some sort of rude innuendo or ridiculous pun.

[@TheCandiceWang]

LOL 🦛🦛

[@revinhatol]

*FUN FACT:* The 22nd and 23rd Dynasties are of fine Amazigh (Berber) stock.

[@Vercingetorix.Fantasia]

Everyone else need to watch these like 7 - 10+ times in order to grasp it all Like I gota take notes

[@danielfiene7770]

With 31 dynasties spread over 3 milliennia, you've got to appreciate the ancient Egytians' efforts to keep their family trees narrow.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

They were quite wide tbh, Ramesses II having over 40 sons alone e.g., and Khufu having around 12 kids. The OP of this chart I think most followed the royal line, not the supplementary lines heh.

[@danielfiene7770]

Oh.

[@JetinDhinjal]

The only person who makes me understand history. Thank you!

[@dorderre]

Wasn't that peace treaty between Ramesses II and Hattusili III the oldest surviving legal document in human history?

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Oldest Peace Treaty at the very least, Treaty of Qadesh/Kadesh

[@RandomLorence]

3:05: That's (Probably) Wrong... The Earliest Written Name of a Person is actually the _Kushim_ Tablet, an Akkadian Tablet where this _Kushim_ provides 14.712 litres of Barley to his officials, the Tablet is Signed by Him The Iry-Hor scripture is dated around the 32nd Century BC (3200 BC) while the _Kushim_ Tablet is dated around 3400 - 3000 BC So, depending on when you believe _Kushim_ signed his tablet, the Iry-Hor scripture could either be the first know Written Name in History or possibly the Second.

[@drswag0076]

the step pyramid was a stack up of a mastaba which is what the kings of the two previous dynasties were buried in.

[@clivemeisterperryweiner3415]

I have yet to finish the video, but something else of note about Pepi II is that it was calculated to be likely during his reign that the comet Hale-Bopp was last at Perihelion (point closest to the sun) before it's famous next appearance 4000 years later during 1997. I don't remember the source sorry to say but I've read before that a record from that time was found of what the egyptians referred to as a "long haired star" which could've been a reference to the comet.

[@RossLinderman]

The Nile flows south? Got it. Well done.

[@havefunbesafe]

I’ve been hooked since I saw the Tut exhibit in La brea around 1978 or so…

[@giovannimieli4271]

Missed pun at the endwith that “and was never resurrected” (40:28) cause the reason the successor of Daza, Licinius, never adopted the title of pharaoh is that he thought that, you know, someone else had recently (couple hundred years before) resurrected, and dropped the office for the association with the traditional egyptian religion

[@tirex3673]

As far as I have heard, outside of the conspiracy theories, there is actually some serious discussion, if Khaffre really built the sphinx, or, if it was built a few centuries earlier, based of erosion patterns differing from the ones of the pyramid.

[@alanbrookes275]

Wrong pyramid at 9:21. That is not the Great Pyramid, it's Khafra's not Khufu's. It just looks bigger because the outer casing at the top is still intact. It's solid and has no chambers inside.

[@DavidJohnson-dc8lu]

You took on a lot, from 525 BCE non-African rulers controlled Kemet, which became known as Egypt under the Macedonians and Ptolemaic rulers. Then in 642 CE Egypt became the Arabic Misr. So fun fact, Egypt was known a Kemet until 525 BCE.

[@HaldirMark]

I wanna start by saying that I love your videos, and have probably seen 90% of your dynasty videos. I'm a fan, sincerely. However, I have a few sincere problems with the framing of the information presented in the video. With hope, I can with clarity provide and address what I see to be errors of framing, or potentially unrecognised biases/assumptions. I should continue by clarifying that I am not an Egyptologist or Nubiologist; neither am I an archaeologist. I am a hobbyist who studies under a hobbyist, albeit one who has been studying for decades. He streams on KZbin under the channel "Smash Rockwell"; the opinions I'm about to express are NOT his (to my knowledge). They are mine, as developed from the information gleaned from his podcasts. When he expresses an opinion on his programme, whether or not it is in conformity with mainstream Egyptology/Nubiology, he provides the source material or the PhD analysis/assertion to buttress his claim. /All that to say, if there is any error of analysis in this comment, the fault is mine, not his./ The grammar of the Amenhotep 3/MerenPtah stele does not support the claim of Israel being on that stele, to my hobbyist eye. It seems much more likely to say Sryia, not least because of the presence of the logogrammic stroke beneath the "r" being claimed as the "L" in "Ysiriar/Israel". This would change the final "r" to a mouth. The pattern of mouth, throwstick, people group repeats throughout the text in reference to other people groups. Ironically, the only other place in the text where translators seem to ignore the logogrammic stroke under the mouth is in the place name "Gezer", where the final "r" is in reality a mouth, and where the translators seem inexplicably to have replaced the "a"s in the text with "e"s. Finally, the Egyptians' more commonly known name for "Syria" immediately succeeds mention of "Ysiriar", and, to my eye at least, appears to refer first to a people, then to a geographic area. Thus, this would in fact be the first mention of "Syria", rather than "Israel", in history. I first encountered the information above, save my expressed opinion, on Smash Rockwell/Casual's livestream, and it remains the only place I have encountered this information. He retains all claims and rights to his find as intellectual property or in any (and every applicable) other form. "Hyksos" are not a people; it is a transliteration into Greek of a singular noun, HqA xAswt (Heqa Khasut, we can Egyptologically pronounce it), which is a ruler of foreign lands. It is not a demonym or an ethnonym, or a plural noun. Finally, and not really most importantly, but certainly expressed with the greatest confusion, you associated the DNA studies done to date with modern "Middle Eastern" folk without (to my mind) the necessary caveat that these studies were done in Lower Egypt, in later periods, and do not address the founding populations of the society. It would have been less alarming if it had stood alone; however, you immediately pivoted to showing Fayum portraits which you openly assert are post-Roman, but which you additionally claim should give one and idea of "what some of the pharaohs probably looked like, too". This may not, in fact, be untrue (/some/ of the pharaohs), but it seems woefully hollow as a description of 3000 years of cultural development, especially coming as late to the game as the Romans have. It /may/ lead a member of the audience to gather that throughout the course of that 3000 year history, nsw btyw and "citizens" of the Empires/Kingdoms would on average look like those Fayum portraits. I'm inclined to agree with the assertion that exporting 21st century race politics two to five thousand years in the past is a foolhardy endeavour; I also think it is at least equally as foolhardy to champion the portraits you showed as representative of average Kemetic representation of themselves. That's it; hope the message is received in the spirit I meant it. Thanks for another video.

[@TheCandiceWang]

Thank you for this. Looking forward to reading it!

[@tirex3673]

I have heard, Alexander and his son being called Dynasty 32, the Ptolomies being 33 and the roman emperors being we have being referred to as pharaos being 35.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Although not heard the part for the Roman Emperors, this is not an atypical thought process, so well said.

[@gordontaylor2815]

Yes, you will sometimes get Alexander the Great and his son as the 32nd, the Ptolemies as the 33rd and the Principate Roman Emperors as 34th Dynasties. That's a rare thing, however. Some Coptic Egyptian sources also add a "35th Dynasty" referencing the Christian Emperors of the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire that controlled Egypt up to the Muslim conquest, however no Christian Emperor was ever called "Pharaoh" by the native population of the time.

[@tirex3673]

@@gordontaylor2815 i‘ve just noticed i somehow counted 32,33,35

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

@@gordontaylor2815 precisely. As I imagine you are aware, Maximinus II Daza was the last titled Per A'a/Pharaoh

[@przedwczorajszyszprot9931]

"prior to this the more accurate term would be king" I didnt know that bronze age egyptians used english language. Today i learned.

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Nswt/Nesut works as well :P (Nswt-Biti/Nesut-Biti being dual king)

[@R3stor]

Pls do video about family tree of kings of Gondor. Many people who didnt read the books have absolutely no idea why Aragorn had claim to the throne of Gondor and why Gondor did not have a king in the first place

[@TheCandiceWang]

This i support 💯❕ would love to see the Gondorian family tree!!

[@genghiskhan2056]

94 years spent as a ruler beats pretty much every other ruler in history!

[@Matthew-rh6ei]

Added some comments on EmperorEljiahs comment heh

[@flickcentergaming680]

You madlad, you actually did it.

[@imokin86]

Great work as usual! To be precise in a boring way, Ozymandias is the Greek adaptation not of the name "Ramesses" itself, but of his second regnal name/title "Usermaatre".

[@patricktilton5377]

Isaac Asimov, in his book "Familiar Poems Annotated," discusses Shelley's poem 'Ozymandias', and notes that one of Ramesses II's honorific names was User-ma-Ra. The difference between 'ma' and 'maat'/'Maat' is probably not so important, because the goddess Maat has a final '-t' due to it being a feminine ending added to the root word 'maa', which means "right, just, true, in proportion" (etc.), Maat being the goddess representative of that concept. I'm of the opinion that Egyptian names like 'Usermaatre' would be better spelt User-Maat-Re, as such a spelling shows how the one name is comprised of three separate 'root'-names. Am I the only one who thinks this is preferable? One could do this with other foreign names from ancient times, such as Bel-Shar-Ushur instead of Belshazzar, or Nabu-Kudurri-Usur instead of Nebuchadrezzar (mistakenly spelled Nebuchadnezzar). Even a Greek name like Alexander could better be spelled Alex-Andros or AlexAndros ['Helper of Man'], so as to make it easier for a student of history to get a sense of the meaning of a famous name to his/her contemporaries. The emperor Caligula -- or, CaligUla -- means "little boots" [caliga = boot; + -ula = diminutive], for example. Just a thought/suggestion.

[@NovaSeven]

@@patricktilton5377 I go back and forth with my preference for the spelling of ancient names, but it seems that that style of spelling personal names has won out in ancient Sumerian and Akkadian names, but less so in Egyptian for some reason. I think the reason that the author spelled the word "ma" rather than "maat" is to reflect that in Middle Egyptian, final -t was being pronounced as a voiceless glottal stop /ʔ/, which is often imperceptible to those who aren't conditioned to notice it, and so perhaps he thought this would give the reader a better understanding of how the name was Hellenized into Ozymandias. These are, of course, the "Egyptological" (i.e., less accurate but more convenient for non-Afroasiatic-language-speaking folks to pronounce) transliterations. However, a more accurate transliteration to what is known about the language now (see Ancient Egyptian Phonology by James Allen, published by Cambridge University Press in 2020) for "Usermaatre" would be something more like Wasir-Muʾʿat-Rīʿ or Wasirmuʾʿatrīʿ. At least that's how it would be in the Old Egyptian stage of the language, when pronunciation most closely matched the spelling. However, as the language innovated, words were being pronounced differently but spelled the same, and so how one transliterates a word comes down to whether you want to be truer to the spelling or to the pronunciation.

[@TheCandiceWang]

​@@patricktilton5377I totally agree!

[@TheCandiceWang]

Thank you! I wanted to know more about ozymandias and that Percy Shelley poem!

[@insightsman196]

Just wanted to say great job and I appreciate all the hard work you do to create these videos, as a person who loves history and the Ancient Bloodlines that ruled throughout history, Marcus Aurelius is my favorite, Meditations is a great book and you have done a lot on Roman Dynasties and Emperors , just wanted to say I appreciate your work

[@samuelvavia8920]

Can't wait to watch this later! Would it be possible to do an Sumerian/Akkadian royal family tree? It would be a true Iltam Zumra Rashupti Elatim moment.

[@bl1tz533]

UGARIIIIIIIIIIIIT

[@epiccrusadr8583]

Iltam sumra rashupti elatim

[@voltageesq.]

UDA REEEEEEEEEAAA

[@mamdouh-Tawadros]

I am an Egyptian, my ancestry were mainly from Luxor (Thebes). It disappoints me how lightly the Holy Book is believed! It is the most studied of any books, which are backed by the largest documents counts.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

Hi Matt. Finally brushing up on my Near Eastern ancient history and thought i would start with your work as a primer. I'm tired of the ancient historians looking at me thinking "jeez, you modernists dont understand antiquity at all!"

[@anguscable2819]

small error but at 9:14 the image is of the pyramid of khafre, great video btw

[@drswag0076]

the discovery of King Tut's tomb led to the belief that the tomb was cursed. following the discovery, some of the people that were part of the excavation died under mysterious circumstances. thus the story of the Curse of King Tut's Tomb was born this led to Universal Studios producing and releasing The Mummy staring Boris Karlof thus injecting cursed mummies into the sphere of horror. the 1999 version featuring Brenden Fraiser was a remake of the original which was made in the 1930s.

[@Duececoupe]

Absolutely love history (and geography) and have done so since my schooldays....outstanding work! 👍🏻👌🏼👏🏻

[@HeinzeC1]

Clarification: the nile river flows from south to north.

[@bigfel3240]

North and South were switched back then.

[@irenafarm]

Wow this is quite a project! Just thinking about it gives me a headache! Also, my brain breaks when I realize that there’s similar lists of rulers for civilizations that existed at the same time. But Egypt is just insanely complete and well documented. Studying these ancient civilizations in college, is what permanently broke my biblical literalism. “Yes we have written records from 3500 bce.” *Does math* “Oh dear. RIP Noah’s ark.”

[@aliasmarg8ta127]

Bravo for all the research. Even bigger respect for being able to pronounce the long names.

[@marosicsaba]

Small mistake at 9:13: It's not the Great pyramid, but khafre's pyramid. You can tell from the casing stones on the top. Great video by the way as usual.

[@Wolfsgeist]

"The names are based on the way the Nile River flows - which is south" ...except no, it's north ^^;

[@mahdedarmo]

as a modern day Egyptian I’m sad I can’t have a pyramid with rising inflation 😢