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Heinrich Schwarz served with the Waffen-SS on the Western Front until October 1940, when he was transferred to the SS-Concentration Camps Inspectorate which was the central SS administrative and managerial authority for the concentration camps of the Third Reich. During 1940-1941, Schwarz was deployed at both the Mauthausen and Sachsenhausen concentration camps and in September 1941 he was transferred to German-occupied Poland and posted to the administrative office of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
His initial duties included working as adjutant to the camp's commandant, Rudolf Höss. Schwarz also served as director of the camp's Work Assignment Department IIIa which dealt with all matters connected with labor assignments for the prisoners in the camp.
In November 1943, due to difficulties in managing the growing complex and the increasingly distinct functions of each part of it, the Auschwitz camps were divided as follows:
- Auschwitz I which was the main camp
- Auschwitz II-Birkenau which included all camps, the so-called building sections in Birkenau as well as sub-camps at agricultural and livestock farms
- and Auschwitz III
In December 1943 Heinrich Schwarz was given command of Auschwitz III in which he established the reign of terror which let to death of thousands of prisoners. The tasks of the Auschwitz III camp mainly consisted of renting the slave labor of prisoners to German companies and therefore it included sub-camps established at the nearby industrial enterprises. More than 40 Auschwitz sub-camps, exploiting the prisoners as slave laborers, were founded, mainly at various sorts of German industrial plants and farms, between 1942 and 1944.
Auschwitz III also known as Monowitz or Monowitz-Buna was a sub-camp and from November 1943 a concentration camp to which all the “industrial” sub-camps in the Auschwitz complex were subordinated.
In total, 1,670 prisoners were murdered at the building site or died in the sub-camp hospital, and 11,000 were sent to Auschwitz and Birkenau, where the majority of them were killed with a lethal injection of phenol or in the gas chambers.
Schwarz remained in the camp until January 1945 when Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz concentration camp complex, and the SS began evacuating Auschwitz and its subcamps. These forced marches of concentration camp prisoners became known as the death marches. The prisoners had to march over long distances under guard and in extremely harsh conditions.
The prisoners of Monowitz-Buna were evacuated on foot to Gliwice, from where they were transported by rail to the Buchenwald and Mauthausen camps.
Heinrich Schwarz was sent to Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp which was the only concentration camp established by the Germans in the territory of pre-war France, about 31 miles southwest of Strasbourg.
Prisoners worked in nearby granite quarries, in construction projects, and in the maintenance of the camp.
There were about 50 subcamps in the Natzweiler-Struthof camp system and by the fall of 1944, there were about 7,000 prisoners in the main camp and more than 20,000 in the subcamps.
In 1944, concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in German armaments production. The Germans used prisoners throughout the Natzweiler-Struthof camp system as forced laborers to produce arms and to construct underground manufacturing facilities which became necessary due to Allied air raids on German industrial complexes.
With the approach of Allied forces in August-September 1944, the SS authorities evacuated the main camp at Natzweiler-Struthof and distributed the prisoners among its subcamps. In April 1945, when Heinrich Schwarz was the commandant of Natzweiler-Struthof, the Germans disbanded the subcamps and sent most of the prisoners on forced evacuation marches over long distances and under brutal conditions toward the Dachau concentration camp in southern Germany.
From May 1941 to March 1945, between 19,000 and 20,000 people died in the Natzweiler-Struthof camp system.
Heinrich Schwarz was 40 years old when he was shot by a firing squad near Baden-Baden on the 20th of March 1947.
There were no tears shed for Heinrich Schwarz.
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