The Inca Empire - Out of Thin Air - Extra History - Part 1

[@extrahistory]

The Extra History for Cusco. The Extra History chosen specially [by patrons!] for Cusco. Cusco's Extra History! bit.ly/EHPatreon

[@smegleymunroe863]

Extra Credits you said that the Inca has no draft animals, yet I’ve always been under the impression that they had llamas

[@nicholas209]

That Extra History?

[@dracobeli172]

Hey I from Peru and I very grateful for do that guys

[@dualhelix403]

I've been to cusco 2 weeks ago and I loved it the best part were baby alpacas! I personally didn't get affected that badly by the altitude since I was able to run climb and carry heavy stuff but I defo saw some people with oxygen tanks however when we went to machu pichu on the way back the altitude sickness hit me I had such bad ear neck chest and head pain I went to the doctors and turns out my oxygen saturation was at barely on 80% XD

[@robertwalpole360]

Do you hear that? It's the sound of all of the people quoting The Emperor's New Groove in the comments section.

[@cheezemonkeyeater]

"He Who Weeps Blood." That has got to be the most metal title a king has ever taken on.

[@melfunk8535]

He took that name because of an episode during his childhood. He was abducted as a child by the Sinchi (Warlord) Tocay Ccapac of the Ayarmaca nation, crying tears of blood over his predicament. He eventually escaped with the help of one of his captor's mistresses.

[@melfunk8535]

The Incas then were weak and newcomers to the Cusco Valley, the most powerful nation of the valley, the Ayamarca, forced the Inca ruler "Inka Roq'a" to give him his heir son so he could be educated under Ayamarca customs, Tito Cusi Wallpa (or Yawar Waqaq aka "He Who Weeps Blood").

[@bthsr7113]

Vlad wasn't a king, but, "The Impaler" is pretty dang metal too.

[@cheezemonkeyeater]

@Pequeno Pedrinho Nah, if it was emo he'd just be crying black.

[@aboomination897]

Maybe he just suffered from nosebleeding.

[@Carols989]

honestly who needs to be called something like "the great", when "THE EARTHSHAKER" is avaiable

[@pleasecallmetomato4924]

if you wanna be an Earthshaker, you can go play dota and pick him

[@AndyG94]

Someone should have told Alexander the Alright that xD

[@laturnich9507]

It's even more badass if you consider the cultural connotations. Like the Maya and the Mexica, the Inca believed that multiple worlds had been created and destroyed before their own and "Pachacuti" refers to the cataclysmic event that ends one world and ushers in the next. It's like a biblical ruler titling themselves "THE FLOOD". Or, "Hello, my name is Armageddon". Edit: Adeuzi Prower has been kind enough to correct me on a couple points. It is erroneous to say that the Inca believed in several worlds or creations in the Mesoamerican sense. See his comment below for a more in-depth explanation.

[@-ism8153]

I've heard that Ivan the Terrible's original Russian title was something that translates more to Ivan the Thunderous or Ivan the Fearsome.

[@Jossandoval]

@@pleasecallmetomato4924 I have to play that to be called The Earthshaker? Man, can't I just, dunno, start DotA, pick the name, then log out, uninstall it, format the drive, and burn the computer?

[@jasonforbes159]

8:30 can you imagine being in a line of rulers like "the magnanimous" and "the one who weeks blood" and all they could come up for you was "left handed"?

[@nikolatasic9452]

They could have at least called him 'The Sinister One'

[@rattvisa]

Jason Forbes well they cant all be epic names

[@1224chrisng]

The Splendid Accountant really got the short end of the stick there, but "I can't cry blood, but I do know how to use the mysterious Excel and all its -confusing- glorious stat functions" will land you job and a raise any day of the work week between 9 and 5 barring bank holidays

[@kanyewest9165]

Being left handed is overpowered when dueling :u

[@steveolotu52]

Still better than Bran the Broken

[@camerongrow6426]

When I tell people I am the Left-handed they don't give me nearly the same level of respect as the Incan emperors.

[@Burn_Angel]

Well I weep blood and no one respects me for that either.

[@camerongrow6426]

@@Burn_Angel One of us has a far more serious condition then the other. Then again blood tears do seem like more of an immediate concern.

[@drunkenslav2334]

well Left handed meant he was a great dueler

[@camerongrow6426]

@@drunkenslav2334 So the Incan Kings played card games too? Though seriously, I figured it had to have something to do with combat. I'm curious if he was naturally left handed or trained

[@zozidedodo780]

+1

[@InvisibleTower]

The literal meaning of Pachacuti is even cooler: "he who overturns space and time".

[@netherwalker1762]

Einstein would be proud.

[@saffron3113]

Goddamn

[@rando23232]

Very epic name.

[@katiemcdonagh4048]

The pachacuit from the horrible history’s song

[@isokessu]

Maybe aliens visited them

[@WildBillCox13]

Incan--sistancy. I'll let myself out over the terraces.

[@fajaradi1223]

The lack of oxygen may render these people Incan-cious, that's why they're Inca-pable

[@WildBillCox13]

Some admirable follow-ups. Nice work.

[@KaenRas]

All of this is Incan-ceivable!

[@WildBillCox13]

The wit here is Incan-descent.

[@MaliciousTachyons]

These jokes make me Incan-solable :(

[@drakan4769]

I've always kind felt like the inca were "overshadowed" by the aztec and maya up north, glad they're getting coverage

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

ditto

[@MarioLozanoMendivil]

that's because aztec n maya are closer to the USA, which are the ones who create most of the media content

[@dominiquelasalle9860]

Aztec/Mexica Olmec-Mother civilization Toltec Maya Have their own greatness, don't compare!

[@etchalaco9971]

@@dominiquelasalle9860 Caral, Chavin, Nasca, Moche, Inca

[@scottydu81]

I want to see more Olmec content

[@Crazael]

When I was in Cuzco, our hotel room had a switch for pumping in extra oxygen.

[@wikiuser92]

I visited Chile recently, and I didn't really feel anything in the relatively high altitudes we went to. Could have something to with the fact that I have (now symptomless) asthma, so my lungs have gotten used to operating on less oxygen than most people.

[@rzul]

@@wikiuser92 cusco is in peru tho

[@wikiuser92]

@@rzul Still, it was a high altitude location in South America.

[@ifonfireextinguishpromptly512]

Extra oxygen? What does it talk about? Air? *Extra Oxygen theme plays*

[@archdukefranzferdinand567]

@@rzul Chile is a very mountainous country

[@Tailikku1]

*mentions Kuzco* *Tom Jones starts playing* *door breaks down* Kuzco: BOOM BABY!

[@Wolfeson28]

What's his name!? EARTHSHAKEEEER!

[@Ray-xq3cx]

“Pull the lever, Kronk!” opens trap door *”WRONG LEVER!!!”*

[@PlebNC]

Zoe: "Pull the lever, Matt!" *Matt pulls lever, heavy object falls on Zoe* Zoe (frustrated): The other lever, Matt...

[@fireline4765]

YES!!! I'm not the only one who thought of that!

[@alexanderpumpkin3423]

I see him, shoulders shaking to the music, on top of his throne.

[@juanmam.2113]

The Incas are the Romans of South America. Out of nowhere, an empire was founded which later came to control the land of hundreds of tribes and almost completely erradicate these tribes from history. My anthropology aunt has some fascinating evidence about incan northern expansion and its amazing how powerful they became in a small lapse of time. I hope you get to mention some of these millenial tribes which fiercely opposed the inca expansionism, they deserve their place in history too. Really looking forward to these series, greetings from Ecuador.

[@dashiellgillingham4579]

I kinda feel the need to argue that point. The Inca came and went in just over a century. I’d compare them more to short lived great conquests like the Mongols. Staggering achievements, but without longevity.

[@davidkelly4210]

@@dashiellgillingham4579 Lacking longevity on account of genocide and lacking longevity on account of being short term aren't really the same thing though.

[@greekcommie621]

@@dashiellgillingham4579 the incas did not fall the same way the Mongols did though. Without the Spanish they could have laste longer.

[@MajoraZ]

It's not "out of nowhere"; there had been other urban civilizations going back at least 1500 or so years before the Inca fell, it's just they don't get any attention in general pop culture: The Moche, the Wari and Tiwanku Empires, the Sican, the kingdom of Chimor, etc. And then there's arguable Proto-civilizations like the Chavin, Paracas, Nazca, etc before them.

[@El-Silver]

@@dashiellgillingham4579 the inca where not nomads , they did build things and had a very diferent admistration they also fell very diferntly to the mongols

[@celston51]

So you could say...they built that city on rock and knolls. I'll show myself out.

[@haberak3310]

No, no. Stay. You could be useful

[@Wolfeson28]

I was trying to think of a good parody of that song during the episode. Well played. :)

[@atzuras]

they didn't use the wheel so I guess they were moving on Rolling Stones

[@robertwalpole360]

Thanks, Snas!

[@thewhale9527]

please do :v

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

Kuzco is my favorite Disney princess

[@zeuffronioaligatore6799]

Pink guy is my waifu

[@lStranger]

Well he does become a girl in one episode of the Emperor's New School.

[@rattvisa]

Boom, baby!

[@DarkLordOfSweden]

Don't you men Kronk?

[@darrynmurphy4764]

*favorite Sapa Inca

[@CommanderGumball]

Our hotel in Cuzco didn't have oxygen tanks, just a lot more coca tea. Fun trip, that one.

[@necro2370]

You don't need more than coca leaves 😎👉👉

[@1224chrisng]

ba dum tsss

[@DarDarBinks1986]

Does Dr. Rockso, the Rock n' Roll Clown, know about this?

[@Burn_Angel]

Yeah, I'm pretty sure that was a hell of a trip.

[@nton8057]

How many of your friends died when you left the hotel

[@britishbluenekochan]

Reminder that the incan Empire is a potato empire, and Peru counts with 6000+ varieties of potato. Some of them can grow on any soil, others resist the harsh climates and others are inmune to diseases. Without variety, a vulnerability will appear. (Sorry Ireland)

[@netherwalker1762]

Sorry Ireland indeed, as the son of Ulster Scots, I can't fathom why if there was such an abundance of varieties how the famine could hit so hard. Though I'm sure there is a reason, I just don't want to look and find out it was "stupidity".

[@PlushieBastet]

@@netherwalker1762 It's mostly a mix of Europeans picking favorites and only taking those back, ppl getting super enthusiastic about this new amazing thing on the menu and monocultivating the shit out of it until oopsies: potato plague. So, yeah, stupidity... Incas couldn't afford to monocultivate like Europeans so it's unlikely they knew enough to warn them. But, that doesn't change the fact that they should have been aware of the dangers.

[@robins5828]

@@netherwalker1762 After I watched the series on the potato blight, I looked into that. The Irish were particularly hard hit because they mostly grew just one variety, the "Lumper," which did particularly well in poor soil. Many other nations grew several varieties, some of which were less vulnerable to the blight fungus. Given the whole tenant farmer system they had to absolutely maximize production to stay alive, and they only had small plots of often marginal land. Rotating crops and/or planting a variety of crops is more sustainable, but might be less productive in the short-term. Fortunately we've learned our lesson and now no longer farm thousands upon thousands of acres in a monoculture of corn, soy, or wheat with only a few varieties that have been genetically modified so that we can spray them with Roundup. We would never be so short-sighted as to let our whole agricultural system be so vulnerable to the next disease. I mean, we're so much smarter now than those poor suckers we study in history, right?

[@netherwalker1762]

@@robins5828 The sarcasm stings, but no. Humans don't get smarter. More knowledgeable? Yes, but not smarter. And I wouldn't even say this is a matter of intellect, this is about a gamble that didn't pay off then, and most likely won't pay off now.

[@WTFisDrifting]

@@netherwalker1762 that famine was manufactured by the English. They forced taxes so high the only food the Irish could afford was potatoes. Anytime when you only have one source of food you going to have a bad time

[@necro2370]

It's so amazing you finally touch on the story of our ancestors, the Quechua people and the Inca Empire!

[@zeitgeistwarrior]

necro2370 btw Andean music is so relaxing. South America has so much story.

[@commanderoom-9269]

Halfbreed

[@sabrinabenitezsalazar6481]

I was expecting this video so much, mainly because we (as andeans) have not much exposure worldwide. Thanks for this video extra credits 💜 greetings from Bolivia 💜

[@jalilsalomon5587]

@@joselaw6669 Cerra el orto flaco

[@drunkenslav2334]

@@joselaw6669 why? nationalism is important for well being of a nation, who do you think will abandon a country when its poor, a nationalist or a regular person? who will be left to fix the country? let him love his country man

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Spread the words of the Andean cultures my friend

[@drunkenslav2334]

@@pachacutiyupanqui9546 already doing that

[@braincoolo9399]

Nationalism is essentially just toxic patriotism.... or patriotism is not toxic nationalism?

[@DragoniteSpam]

The description of the trail at 2:33 makes me think of a terrestrial version of the One Piece islands. Real life one-ups fantasy yet again.

[@DragoniteSpam]

(I guess if anyone's wondering why I say "yet again," - Auroras - The way the magnetic sphere turns upside-down whenever it gosh danged pleases - The fact that people actually make and use squirrel suits - Giraffes all come to mind.)

[@clartigue10]

DragoniteSpam how is this comment 14 hours old on a 50 minute old video?

[@JoseAlvarado-da-Amazing]

Well, to be sincere it was way better organized than anything of one piece. You also got an organization of couriers running all along the Andean trails that comunicated all the empire. Those men were called chasquis and probably would be the best endurance runners of history.

[@svankensen]

Dude, if you are to belive the "Historia real de los incas" from Garcilazo de la Vega, one of the conquered peoples was previously ruled by an aristocracy of master poisoners. Of course there's the excerpt where the Incas destroy a whole town and salt the earth because a gay couple was found there. Hopefully that didnt happen, it seems like one of those chapters written to show how compatible Inca and Christian morality were.

[@wargriffin5]

We're sorry, but this video has thrown off the Emperor's groove...

[@robertwalpole360]

*Gets toss out of a building* Sooooorrrrrryyyyyyyyyyyyy!

[@IronpenWorldbuilding]

That’s honestly correct

[@Crusade6539]

@@robertwalpole360 “BEWARE THE GROOVE!”

[@Didds-j8y]

That feeling when you get a new Extra History

[@robertwalpole360]

Then feeling when Walpole is in the comments section of a new Extra History episode. ;)

[@ABPHistory]

Robert Walpole nice

[@JohnnyElRed]

In general, the whole history of Spanish America and the cultures that preceded it, is a messy one to understand. Between all the physical accounts that where lost in the conquest, the pro-christianity motivated chronicles, and the Black Legend, is difficult to have a clear idea of how all was really about.

[@Darkgun231]

Plus, a lack of written records from the natives.

[@benjaminstorace6699]

@@Darkgun231 "all the physical accounts that where lost in the conquest"

[@TheNinetySecond]

@@Darkgun231 Much like in Australia and parts of Africa, written records weren't very much needed, due to the extensive oral history they passed down from one generation to the next. Much like in Australia and parts of Africa, that history was all but wiped out by the European conquerors when they came. I'd love to have written records of all these great civilizations and diverse tribal communities, but I'd also settle for some surviving oral records, even if they aren't as precise on a micro scale. The brutality and disease of early European discoverers were some of the biggest tragedy in human history, _especially_ from a history oriented perspective.

[@icampos89]

@@Darkgun231 There is surprisingly quite a bit of writing from Central Mexico by Native writers who allied with Spain. Not much has been translated unfortunately, not even to Spanish.

[@MajoraZ]

@@icampos89 This is correct, we actually have hundreds of Nahuatl and Spanish language documents talking about the primarily the Aztec. But most aren't in english yet.

[@jeremyf6821]

While classifying the Inca Empire as "advanced for the time" is only really true if you're talking about the Americas, there is an exception to that. The Inca's system of Terrace farming is incredible, if you've ever seen photos and schismatics of them you would see how legitimately amazing they are. They could be applicable to so many other regions of the world, but only the Inca managed to create them.

[@adityaraman8901]

Nothing so remarkable about tea farming. Even the Keralites and assamese in India developed it independently

[@imaginaryfriend4004]

Thanks for this video! Greetings from Peru. -Miguel Yupanqui

[@luigiboyinblu]

As a Peruvian myself, everytime I hear Pachacuti’s name, I make a salute because he was an absolute LEGEND. Probably the MVP of the entire history of the Empire.

[@blakelee4555]

The Inca have been my favorite historical culture for years, and I wrote I believe 4 essays on them over the years. Thank you so much for bringing this information to a general populace, because the Inca were largely accepting of a plethora of religions and cultures, and their collectivized resources and distribution is the only example I can see of a somewhat successful communist style management of resources in history. Reading John Howland Rowe's book is the best source I found for a lot of information on their history, culture, and economy.. thank you again

[@danielrondon1013]

I love reading about the Inca Empire, they are my favorite civilization as well, would you care to share your essays?

[@TheCutethulhu]

"He Who Weeps Blood" is like, the most hardcore sounding Metal album title you could make.

[@KaiserAfini]

Technically the Inca were no saints, they were conquerors. The real cultural developments came from the Mochica, the Nazsca, Chincha, etc. Because Peru is one of the cradles of civilization, the Inca were merely in power when the Spanish arrived, but mostly they consolidated what already existed. As for obtaining more data on all this, I highly recommend the Larco museum in Lima, Peru.

[@abaque24]

KaiserAfini the main trait of an empire is conquering :D the tawantinasuyo was no different from greece in that manner :D

[@KaiserAfini]

@@abaque24 No one said they don't. But it was mentioned that some accounts painted them as a saintly empire. The Inca get a lot of credit because the were the ones in power at the time. But they didn't invent much, a lot of the culture was already in place, they merely consolidated it but didn't contribute much. In the same way as Tenochitlan only kept things together by fear. By the time the Spanish arrived, the Inca were already in decline, even if still powerlful.

[@zipzop8880]

It’s such a beautiful museum isn’t it?

[@El-Silver]

the inca where like the romans implemented many thing of its conquered people

[@drunkenslav2334]

no empire was ever saintly, but Incas conquered em, and so we reffer to all the people as Incas to make it easier, when talking about chinese inventions we dont talk about each group individually, same with india

[@guypeopleperson6176]

I hate how KZbin demonetizes your channel when it’s teaching so many people about amazing things about history it just hurts me

[@abaque24]

Almost all hispanics from that area are descendants of both europeans and native americans. Its a complex heritage.

[@abaque24]

(Its odd cuz the inca never conquered the ecuadorian coast, despite having quito. So the coast people of ecuador have a bit of a different heritage than the andes people. Or the amazons) :P

[@couchgrouches7667]

Mestizos (people of mixed Spanish and Native ancestry). In Canada I think they're called Metis (people of mixed French and Native ancestry)

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Yes

[@viniciusairesstaub2995]

Aren`t all peoples a result of miscigenation between conquerors and the conquered? Even in the Old World? Everyone in ALL of Latin America has Indian, European and African ancestors, with the exception of a few countries like Haiti.

[@KarinMichelle]

Andres Baquerizo it’s so true

[@jacoborourke8714]

I cannot wait for the music to become available on KZbin. This may be one of the best pieces since the Ireland series.

[@sebastiant1577]

Thanks for talking about the incas! Greetings from Peru

[@RodrigoAliaga77]

As a Peruvian, it makes me so happy to finally see Extra Credits make a series on the Inca Empire. Cant wait to see the next episode!

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Same!

[@robertwalpole360]

*Kicks down door* HAH! BOOM BABY!

[@ianmoore3470]

Who kicked down the door It was Walpole

[@danielbailey2764]

The examination of historiography here is fascinating. History is always hugely interesting - but, unfortunately, the nature of that history is rarely explored in as much depth and with as much nuance as it was here. Great work as always, EH!! Thank you from everyone.

[@Oxtocoatl13]

That "Communist utopia or Stalinist hell"- debate was to my understanding a product of the cold war. A reminder that just as with 17th Century mixed-race Inca historians, the modern study of history isn't independent of politics either.

[@cseijifja]

aparently it was good for some and bad for others, like every form of goverment, plenty of people joined willingly into the empire , atracted by the boons of the system or coerced, and the ones who did not were grinded by the incan legions, not much diferent than many system of goverment from classical times.

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Don't compare us to those Soviet commies! sure, their empire was gigantic aswell, sure the loved potatoes aswell, sure, they had state enforced workforece aswell, sure, their population was giant aswell, sure, they had a lot of mountains aswell, Sure, they bordered the Pacific ocean aswell, but, we... uh... WE WHERE NOTHING LIKE THEM!!!

[@Oxtocoatl13]

@@pachacutiyupanqui9546 I ... didn't. People used to during the cold war. The whole point was that such comparisons between modern states and ancient empires are dumb.

[@SMiki55]

@@Oxtocoatl13 I feel Pachacuti was sarcastic

[@joshsera]

I have to say, I like the videos that focus on historical and cultural context way more than videos that are just about battles. The series about the Bronze Age Collapse was the one that drew me into this channel in the first place.

[@BlackRaven0211]

As a peruvian, i'm proud of what you did here. It's impressive Also PACHACUTEC!!!!! YEAAAAH

[@leagueoflags]

A long time ago I complained in one of your episodes based on oral history that a disclaimer would have been in order to show that there's a lot of conjecture going on. This time you built it in! I salute you, good sirs.

[@carloseliascorreagarcia1151]

Glad you chose this topic to make a series! Greetings from Ecuador!!!🇪🇨

[@davidcanizares4598]

As a son of a Peruvian and a fan of this channel, I am super excited about this series! 🇵🇪

[@RPGmodsFan]

Cusco is 3.4 km (2 miles) above sea level. Wow! At least Cusco does not need to worry about rising sea levels due to Global Warming.

[@ERROR_-_404]

@DickEnchilada that would be some Bismarck type for shadowing.

[@travishabursky4362]

So we’re saying it was Walpole?...

[@PlebNC]

Guess Kuzco really didn't need to build his swimming pool on Pacha's hill, he just had to wait for the world to become his swimming pool.

[@pajeirussaurio1405]

Wait until you see la paz at 3600 m

[@Varrivale]

Hahaha... Lima is so fucked tho...

[@C19J99]

I'm so happy you're covering this! The Inca empire is my ultimate historical passion project, and possibly one of the greatest tragedies on this planet

[@juandiego2347]

Please, as a peruvian myself may I suggest you to touch other andean societies. I have really benefited from knowing their customs & traditions to understand why and how were the inca able to control the empire. And why they fell

[@LuisVillalobosYT]

Can you name a couple so I can research them on my own please?

[@v1kandll]

@@LuisVillalobosYT Here you go: - Chimu, Moche/Mochica, Tiahuanaco, Huari/Wari, Paracas, Nazca, Chankas, Chachapoyas, Cuntis, Caral, Chavin ... n theres alot more but that's are the ones i remenber now

[@PaulGaither]

I am a long time fan of EC and am an expat who has lived in Lima for over 8 years now. I am so happy to see these videos.

[@6noelita]

This is so good! Pachacuti is my favorite Inca ever (and yes, you can call the emperor THE INCA, at least in South American history books). This culture showed so much promise I'm kind of sad we never got to see what they would be capable of if their empire had lasted a little longer. Also... He Who Weeps Blood gave me the chills. Keep up the good work, Extra Credits! If someone can enlighten the general public on such an amazing culture it's you.

[@QoriQuyllur]

I want to thank you so much for making an video essay on Inca culture and history!! I'm Peruvian, and here in the US, their world history classes much too often omit South American cultures, and there is so much to learn about them- I learned a couple things on my own people from this, tysm!

[@abcdef27669]

You should make a special series about the largest non-colonial empire of the history of the Americas: Brazil during the years of 1822-1889. The Brazilian Empire didn't last long, but definitely shaped the history of South America.

[@vallttdysney7749]

Well, it´s post colonial so not really

[@davidkelly4210]

It wasn't really post colonial though. Brazil's claim to Empire came from usurping the Portuguese Empire during the Napoleonic Era. Colonialism was still all the rage and it's colonial status was forced (it didn't stick obviously) back on it after things in Europe stabilized.

[@Labeau92]

"Shaped the history of South America". Brazilian hubris in a nutshell. Maybe Paraguayan and Uruguayan history, even Argentinean if you overplay Brazil's role in the Battle of Caseros (after all it was a civil war), but for the rest, I don't think so. I mean, the Empire didn't even reach the Andes.

[@abaque24]

I'm ecuadorian and its the first time i've ever heard of such as empire or it having any effect on the rest of south america. X/ could you tell me more about it?

[@apotato6278]

Yeah, it doesn't really count. It was founded by the Portuguese and all that. Still, it was a pretty neat local empire.

[@Pikazilla]

there better be an Emperor's New Groove meme in this series, so help me

[@GovRonDeSantis_]

Yes

[@BothHands1]

😂 i hope so too

[@robertwalpole360]

When you get a meme just right. ;)

[@bluestormpony]

Heres hoping

[@SG89056]

I think a lot of the idea of “pre-Columbian utopias”, is the modern world’s way of glorifying the past as some kind of pre-industrialized period of innocence that most likely never existed. Andean culture and society probably had a lot of the same problems any society at the time had, mainly war, famine, disease, political struggles, class relations and everything else. The fact that so much of their history is lost is very sad, but no society is perfect, at best a society could be considered functional.

[@juanmam.2113]

My aunt is an anthropology specialized in preincan societies and... War, sometimes and very small scale. Only the inca have evidence of weapons and fortresses (though, this changed with the incan expansionism since other societies reformed to war for halting the incas) Famine, nope. The insane variety of grains in the andes made it a hotspot for civilizations. Famine came later with the spanish since they prefered a one product only agriculture and we all know how wrong that can go if anything affects the product (reason why much of the food variety has been lost in south america) Diseases were cured with medicinal plants since they werent really a big issue and I personaly have been cured with ancient medicinal plants for various illness and their effects are crazy effective. Generaly I can tell you by the studies of my aunt that preincan societies did have their issues but they were far different than the ones we study since their societies had a system far different from the eurasian one

[@inquisitorgarza312]

Daniel Phelps Nations are built by the back of its people, to consider one civilization better compared to others is folly, for nations always have a Dark past, no nation is perfect, but History should always be written and remember.

[@WannabeCanadianDev]

That could be true, but it's also not right I think to take it too far; I think it presents a useful idea that maybe we CAN get things right eventually.

[@morehero1]

To quote Hela "Where did you think all this gold came from."

[@animalia5554]

Daniel Phelps They were better then the Aztecs. But to be honest that’s kind of a low bar to clear.

[@humbletreestump8134]

That cliffhanger was amazing I NEED MOAR

[@daylight7135]

Love Your Narration Of All These Historic Moments! I Always Enjoy These Amazing Stories!✨

[@RandomPerson-fo4pb]

The intro music really makes me nostalgic and makes me realise why extra credits was one the reasons I decided to study history.😌

[@lisakeitel3957]

Some scholars in recent times, in Peru, have sugested that kipus have more meaning than just numbers and dates, that they could represent phrases and was in way of becoming a complete 3D writing system, with the help of colors. Still, that is not the canonical believe still. A 3D system would have been complex, maybe ephemeral, but awesome.

[@Darkgun231]

That does sound interesting. Though perhaps not so much writing in the sense as we know it. Perhaps more like runes, or hieroglyphs. For example, a certain set of colors and braids equals "fire" or something along those lines. I would totally believe that theory.

[@DarDarBinks1986]

Makes me wonder why the Inca didn't invent their own writing system. DEAR MEDIEVAL INCAS: YOU NEED WRITING! I suggest using an alphabet arranged in syllable blocks, a la the Korean alphabet. One letter per sound.

[@lisakeitel3957]

@@DarDarBinks1986 they were trying with a 3d one. Maybe it would have been better, when completly developed. We will never know.

[@pedropaloma1377]

@@DarDarBinks1986 Because they didn't need them. Writing was invented in mesopotamia to keep track of accounts, and later used by religious or political intentions. The incas didn't need them, since all of their tradition was oral based, with people dedicating their whole life to spread their culture and myths. Also, the incas actually "wrote" history, in the sense that they used textilery as a way to communicate historical events (like in egypt) although they are mostly done as propaganda, and to erase their enemies from history.

[@matthewryan7775]

Love this episode! When I was in college trying to research American native societies, finding quality sources with great historiography was next to impossible!

[@sebastiant1577]

Its true that the incas were not the inventors of many of their acomplishments. Before them were many other kingdoms since 3000 bc. If you dont believe, check Caral

[@bthsr7113]

The Romans also stole a lot of good ideas that they became known for.

[@braincoolo9399]

@@bthsr7113 poor etruscans

[@danielab6104]

Hi from Perú! Its really nice that people are still interested in our culture and history, thanks for the video.

[@Rocinante2300]

Just came back from Ecuador to visit family, have to agree with most of this stuff

[@smconrod]

Love to see you guys talking about my country, I'm a huge fan and know that this story will get very interesting

[@francomanuelblanco9335]

Fun fact: there is a debate about if the kiphus actually can hold narrations or are only for remembering numbers.

[@lisakeitel3957]

True, but... that's not "fun". It's a real possibility.

[@francomanuelblanco9335]

@@lisakeitel3957 sorry I mean it as in "interesting"

[@adolfodef]

Technically speaking, they can be used for EVERYTHING you will normally asociate with alphanumerics (0 to 9, A to Z, etc). In practice, they only wanted/needed the dates & quantities (since each kiphu would be asociated to a specific "thing" or "place"). -> Think of it like an Excel table you constantly keep editing, rather than an "archive". Hence why those were never used as an "official record" for events [specially given their culture, were THE WORD of a noble family was as important as the land they rule over (because it was fractally self_defining).

[@Carewolf]

Well, the root of most written languages lies in accounting.

[@jamiee7367]

Carewolf I thought the root of most written languages lies in art (as in pictographs)?

[@DevinParker]

I've been wanting good information on the Incan Empire for a D&D setting I've been modifying, so I'm very pleased you've decided to cover it! Thank you!

[@ApplePi3.1415]

OMG IM LEARNING THIS IN HISTORY AT SCHOOL!!!! You guys made my life easier and happier! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Wish I could learn about America in school

[@marc278]

This episode is really... BREATH TAKING

[@carlosalbertofernandezvele7574]

Nice touch at 6:03. As a side note, I notice you labeled Garcilaso De la Vega as "I" because, of course, in Spanish we tend to add "Inca" as a nickname, rather than as a name (hence: Inca Garcilaso de la Vega) to prevent confusion from his namesake the Spaniard poet Garcilaso De la Vega.

[@parrot1442]

I was born in NJ but have lived in TX most of my life, my first time stepping in Peru was Lima and off to Cuszco, I loved the Ruins and had a fear of falling off Machu Picchu while walking the Trail of the Sun, (I wasn't native to LATIM, Asia or Europe but it was always fine hiking. When I got back to the states, I felt Jetlagged and had constant headaches but I love History as much as the World) the trip was fun P.S. Love the Video P.P.S. My father is Ecuadorian and my Mother is Puerto Rican, they showed me their world...

[@Freekymoho]

"hey, who's your favorite Incan king?" "probably sapa inca" "yeah but which sapa inca?" *"he who weeps blood"* (intense metal riff in the distance)

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

It's a title. Like Emporar, or king, or Keizer, or Tsar

[@Freekymoho]

@@pachacutiyupanqui9546 Sapa inca is the title, isnt it? and the latter, identifying part is a bit like when we say "Richard the lion heart"

[@birlibirloco1711]

Actually Guamán Poma wasn't an anti-spanish or anti-colonial writer, in his paints and book he shows his loyalty to the Crown of Castile and the spanish kings, he shows himself as a servant to the thrown. In fact, he is born in an aristocratic family from a tribe conquered by the incas (the yarowilcans) and in the book talks about how bad the incas were with his tribe and how the yarowilca tribe saw the spanish as liberators and join them in the war against Atahualpa. Then Guaman writes about thr bad decisdions the viceroy of Perú was doing at the time and shows a list of things he would do if were in his position (in this way, telling the king that he shold be the viceroy of Perú). But the rest of the story seems accourate, good job.

[@andresforero]

Wow so much props for the introduction of traditional Andean music for the end credits, it was beautiful, congrats!

[@retards_play_games5032]

This gonna be lit af

[@zipzop8880]

I recently went to Peru and it was absolutely magical, I promise you that if you ever go it’ll be one of the most amazing experiences of your life

[@AlexPlaysVideoGames]

2:18 Sheer numbers... I see what you did there... I think... Actually I forgot all my engineering training.

[@luanfonseca5179]

man i already have been on peru and its awesome see people talking about it

[@josephchristopherdeboulogn2365]

We want a military uniforms series!!!!

[@hgu]

Joseph Christopher de Boulogne no we don’t

[@josephchristopherdeboulogn2365]

@@hgu why?

[@ArkadiBolschek]

From Extra History? Why?

[@casualguy2991]

I like and appreciate how you first consider and explain the sources. Critical views might be the most important thing when looking at history.

[@YourFunkiness]

I'm really glad you're going into this. Up until now, the majority of my knowledge of Incan culture and history came from Emperor's New Groove, and I don't think that's a good state to be in.

[@Crick1952]

I'm loving all the recent NA videos 😁

[@yonokhanman654]

"Matt, giant Zoey isn't real. She cant hurt you." Giant Zoey: 9:08

[@jacktribble5253]

This video just tied two points together for me. Definite proof that if you study enough related material, the right answer will eventually come to you.

[@somerandomguy___]

The Inca constructions is probably the guys that sets the game game to impossible mode and is playing with a guitar hero controller and still beats the game without a scratch

[@bthsr7113]

So crazy masochists.

[@masterdemon21]

As a Peruvian and history enthusiast, I'm really looking forward to seeing more of these

[@nicholasdelucena1260]

Fun fact: there were ancient roads and trails that connected southeastern Brazil to Cusco, passing through cities like Assunción in Paraguay and São Paulo in Brazil. Those trails were called Caminho do Peabiru (Peabiru meaning"stomped grass" in the Tupi language spoken by some major native brazilian peoples).

[@Monki_29]

There were many routes of trade that are not shown in the normal history of the Incas. The Incas traded with people from Tierra del Fuego to the Aztecs by boat, they even got to Oceania in a few surveillance campaigns, all of this is widely accepted in the south american historical sphere but for some reason anglos do not talk about it when talking about this part of the world.

[@Adrian-rb4qp]

ohhhh finallyyy, I've been waiting for a series on the Inca!! thanks, guys!

[@pinkdogroslyn8832]

Hell yeah this is the part in world history we are studying.

[@thepurplepanda4]

Aww yeah, grade 8 social. Great times...

[@abaque24]

It was local history for us XD We had american history and world history as separate classes though XD

[@pinkdogroslyn8832]

Purplox Nope I’mma Freshman, I’m a big boy now

[@thelostchevalier]

Great video as always, I would say that the history of the old empires and religion centers like Huari and Tihuanacu, and Chavin de Huantar, are interesting histories too, and a needed learning if one wants to understand the Incas well :)

[@virusguy5611]

I'm not sure what sounds better cheered. "Pachacuti" or "The Earth Shaker."

[@El-Silver]

both

[@bthsr7113]

@@El-Silver The first for peace, the second for war.

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Cusi

[@Artur_M.]

This is shaping to be one of the finest series yet!

[@jestersareawesome4332]

The Emperor’s New Groove!!!!!!!!!

[@MrYuriTambor]

Best Disney cartoon!

[@FloRiva2]

Awesome video! Can't wait for part 2!

[@the_major]

I expect at least one Tupac joke from this series. History buffs know what I'm talking about.

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Oh yes I do

[@abandonedchannel281]

:)

[@taniasanchez7812]

I am Peruvian and so happy/proud that you’re telling the history of my people here. Thank you so much!! 💜🇵🇪

[@SirAmicVarze]

This series is acciedentally timely considering what's been happening to the Natives in the Amazon lately.

[@ameliemena9725]

As a Peruvian-American, I'm really happy that you made this video!

[@blake-81]

1:41 Never been to Cusco, but I've been to La Paz (Bolivia) a few times, which is even higher at 11,975 feet (3650 meters) above sea level, and as someone who was born just a bit over 30Km (20 miles-ish) away from the coast, you breathe like you have your head in a plastic bag.....

[@swagatochatterjee7104]

Thanks for pointing out that Father Valera mentioned by Vega was Blas Valera. I tried hard to get hold of Valera's book for 5 years, just gaining the knowledge today that it is lost in time :).

[@renixmar3373]

Damm i never thought I'd see a vid of an englishmen talking something about the history of my country. Coincidentally I went to Cusco a couple of months ago, yeah it took a couple of days to get used to it without coke leafs. I've been more interrested on history from other places but watching this vid is getting me a resurgence of willingness to go back on those lessons i learnt in school huh. I remember tho that the Inca is what you ment by the king, the supreme ruler, hence the 12 Incas were the 12 rulers ending with Atahualpa winning the civil war before the spanish came.

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

I want to go to Cuzo. Sadly, I'm used to living below sea level.

[@AE149823]

Loved the episode! Looking forward to the completed series 😃 Made think though.... have yall considered doing a series on each of the "Pristine Civilizations"?

[@SentryWill]

The Spanish: *exists* Me, an EU4 player: *laughs in Incan Religious Reforms*

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

I so want to play that game as the Inca, porblem is I can't not becouse I don't own it, I do. I just have no fecking clue how to do basically anything in that game.

[@vulturearmy3780]

Laughs in continental empire

[@Lorthein]

Aaaand I started an eu4 game as Cuzco yesterday. Now, I'm definitely continuing that game!

[@danielrondon1013]

A man of culture I see. Just get as much authority as you can and always try to reduce autonomy as much as possible.

[@hashemalrahmah1553]

Can't wait to hear more about pachucuti the cutie

[@pachacutiyupanqui9546]

Oh you, 😊 you're making me blush!

[@JaapZeldenrust]

Holy shit! About two years ago I started a Dungeons and Dragons campaign for a couple of friends, with a story based on the Epic of Sundiata, and then a couple of months later you guys do a series on the Mali empire. Two sessions ago I introduced a new NPC based on Guaman Poma and this happens. Did you hack my DM notes?

[@almostideal1306]

I feel that they really dropped the ball with "The Left Handed"