Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9

This animation depicts the CRISPR-Cas9 method for genome editing - a powerful new technology with many applications in biomedical research, including the potential to treat human genetic disease. Feng Zhang, a leader in the development of this technology, is a faculty member at MIT, an investigator at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and a core member of the Broad Institute. Further information can be found on Prof. Zhang’s website at zlab.mit.edu .
To learn more visit mcgovern.science/genome
Images and footage courtesy of Sputnik Animation, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Justin Knight and pond5.

[@markgaming650]

As a biology student: this is the best explanation for the fuction of CRISPR - cas thanks for enlightening me.

[@Workaholic_06]

Bro what are you doing now

[@markisar1396]

@@Workaholic_06 What do you mean?

[@Workaholic_06]

@@markisar1396 profession

[@markisar1396]

@@Workaholic_06 something totally different. Not related to biology. Biology was great to study. Knowing about life on a scientific level. But life is more than this for me.

[@Workaholic_06]

@@markisar1396 please tell me whats ur job

[@taghkrell]

THIS reasearch and researchers should've won the nobel

[@pbliable]

just like dynamite!! nice, VERY much the same!

[@martinbuggard6672]

I actually think, from what my professor has told me, that the people who first really discovered crispr a decade or so ago were undergraduate students and when they stumbled across it their superiors were shocked to see the implications.

[@DoodleSh1t]

they probably aren't women, trans, african, or jewish, so they will probably never be noticed.

[@a.t.3192]

@@DoodleSh1t Are you dense? The top 5 countries with the most Nobel prize winners are all caucasian majority countries, and in all of Nobel history, only 7 LGBT+ have won. Now, I'm not saying that members of minority groups should be given favour, but it's really fucking dumb to suggest that straight white men have a reduced chance of winning. Go crawl back to 4chan, you red pill twat.

[@rajeshchampia269]

@@martinbuggard6672 poo oil

[@packetman]

I was trying to understand what CRISPR is. It's really mind blowing that things like this are possible. Great explanation.

[@philobetto5106]

Yep Imhotep will be appearing at Pomona college on gene editing

[@tetsugal]

This is insane!, How come they can achieve this level of precision at such a tiny scale? It certainly looks like magic.

[@pingubitches5304]

+tetsugal It's just taking advantage of what nature has already made. The proteins involved in holding the segments of DNA in place and slicing it in precise places is what our body does 24/7. Inside our cells, these proteins are involved in keeping us alive. The enzymes drive chemical reactions, and essentially "cut and stick" things together. We've just learnt these processes in molecular biology / biochemistry well enough to be able to slightly manipulate what the body already does to favour a particular response (e.g against a particular virus or disease response). Evolution is a slow and often imprecise mechanism to improve our bodies. With the planning and learning capabilities of our own brains, we can manipulate what our bodies already have to perform specific functions which evolution hasn't caught up with yet... so we can use these techniques to treat or even cure diseases that have affected us and caused suffering for far too long.

[@Helmet_Tester]

+Pingu Bitches Now if we can nail down all the 4-500 genes that divide out of control (Cancer) I think we may have the ability to make it a thing of the past.

[@ChispyReddit]

+Pingu Bitches What really blows my mind is that CRISPR is a biological technology that bacteria invented to fight viruses. We're basically learning from bacteria and are basically using alien technology for our own benefit.

[@AtulKaushal7]

@tetsugal Certainly. :-)

[@AtulKaushal7]

@@Helmet_Tester, yes but it will take another handful of decades. By 2050 we can expect it to fully develop.

[@TheDavidlloydjones]

Congratulations to the people responsible for this piece of video. Well written, brilliantly animated, and narrated by a speaker who should serve as an example to every speaker across all topics on KZbin! Are there Oscars or Guggenheims for this sort of educational work yet? We have here a nominee...

[@hobbes5043]

Every video on KZbin should be produced as if it's an explanation by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology of the most important biological discovery of the 21st century

[@dhivyar6501]

A

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@neelammaleen1]

BEAUTIFULLY ANIMATED!!! Never thought I'd fall in love with such a video. Loved it!

[@orpat007]

Best video to understand this complex idea. Kudos to the two ladies who engineered this. And kudos to you for explaining so well.

[@chrish4938]

One of the best informational videos on CRISPR CAS-9 genome editing that is out there! Keep up the good work!

[@helmischlaman4755]

A great lecture every student in life sciences, biology and medicine should see.

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@leslierogers2447]

My daughter suffers from a Rasopathy de novo mutation syndrome. I listen to people discuss this as if it is some ethereal thing and on a very academic level. I watch children suffer and die. We need to move ahead with non human trials and finally human trials. It is so tantalizingly frustrating to know that there is a knock out for my daughters specific gene already and we are just waiting on it to be tested. Go geneticists go.

[@FootysMaXeD]

It isn't perfect because there are practical limitations to everything of course. From what I know so far, there is some inaccuracy in targeting the correct sequence.

[@leslierogers2447]

Footsy, the Chinese, not that I agree, have already declared they have used it in human embryos to a success rate of about 67%. I think it is way too early for that kind of experimentation, but I also hear pull back the reigns way too much when I hear people discuss this. I know many children that cannot wait, like we did on stem cells, for our collective moral palate to warm to the idea of CRISPR. The genie is out of the bottle, and I read about targeting improvement nearly weekly from Santa Cruz biotech. We have the medical ability to keep many children alive now, but it destroys families economically in the United States social services are constantly being cut...I sat in a children's hospital for 4 months in Oregon and watched child after child get signed over to the state. If there is a way forward to help some of these children and adults not lead a life of suffering then we need to dive in full bore. I also feel there is potential in learning about epigenetics control of gene expression. I realize we aren't there yet, but now is the time to redouble our efforts not hit pause.

[@marin427]

+Leslie Rogers i am sorry, but if we bypass the testing safeguards we risk blurring the line between helping and harming. more budget is needed to speed things instead.

[@FootysMaXeD]

+Leslie Rogers Adult animals have a lot of cells, which makes it hard to genetically modify all of them (one option they're using is viral vectors). If you perform the modification in a single-cell life (i.e. an egg cell), then all the progeny of that cell will also be similarly modified/fixed. Another problem is that cutting the DNA often results in random sequences of DNA being added, instead of the sequence that you are trying to stick in there. I think these and other possible side effects should be studied longer before unethically using this as a clinical trial.

[@lactobacillusacidophilus]

+Leslie Rogers Unfortunately couple of assholes already patented this technology which is a naturally evolved system. They seek to "milk" this system as much as possible first. Such acts slow down new inventions and prevent others to make it better.

[@kobby2g8]

This is the best explanation of CRISPR-Cas9 I've seen.

[@kartiksomani970]

It briefly and beautifully explained the concept! Thanks✌️

[@drawingjamaa9267]

#makedragonsreal

[@umaradamu8679]

am not a student of this sort, but am a very huge fan of such development in science, thanks for the update.

[@IcarusLife]

This is the best explanation for the function of crispr /cas system. Thank you so much for this.

[@ziqiyang4812]

This is one of the best introduction video for this method.

[@donross7820]

Beautiful video and very cogently presented information on a fascinating topic. Thank you!

[@saxlaxdm10]

I worked in a lab thats helping perfect and understand CRISPR and this video literally makes me cry. its one of the most wonderful things we've ever accomplished. This changes the world in so many ways. But at the same time its on of the most ethically odd things we've ever encountered. Also don't be fooled, were still a decade away from editing your genome at the doctor's office. Or really doing anything at all.

[@PureStew750]

+saxlaxdm10 That's so cool and I completely agree with how long we are before being able to do anything with the crispr system. Some people don't understand that the project is still in it's fairly early stages. Just doing a little research on the topic can go a long way. May I also ask, what area of the project are you responsible for?

[@nikcile4034]

saxlaxdm10 how do I synthesize cas9?

[@Po0pypoopy]

fuck you

[@lacedhexes]

Aaand now we have CRISPR babies in China. How do you guys feel about that?

[@codycagle3241]

@Sonia IS The doc messed up. The gene they deleted in those children is linked to higher mortality rates from influenza. Shortsightedness from scientists looking to be famous can potentially make those humans very unhappy. Short term goals vs long term effects.

[@alexbrigl2089]

Exactly what I needed for the upcoming exam! :D very well explained

[@uguruikenna5212]

This is awesome and the video is self-explanatory and quite introductory.

[@adeoktiviyari1698]

Incredibly useful. Finally, I understand the fundamental principle of CRISPR-Cas9. Thank you

[@teddayer6523]

I sincerely hope that Mr Crisper and Kasnine will get the Nobel Prize some day 😔

[@user-xf6nk8so7y]

Darius Diran *cas 9

[@anarchy8968]

hopefully that's a joke...

[@purplematter3779]

Anarchy must be some type of fool to even question whether that was a joke or not

[@anarchy8968]

@@purplematter3779 that was my joke...

[@user-xf6nk8so7y]

Anarchy fuck I got r/whooooshed

[@lizzyol]

excellent video, good job. Very informative. Easy enough to understand but not dumbed down too much. Exciting new technology

[@olly8823]

Have a test on DNA technology coming up! Thank you for explaining CRISPR-Cas9 much better than any textbook

[@clawofthefallen]

From this moment on, everything has changed.

[@BreatheThePureSerene]

Beautiful. Such an invigorating development.

[@attepuurtinen1160]

I PERSONALLY BELIEVE THIS IS DOODOO

[@dkexpat2755]

My mind can't get enough of this

[@vernalang6746]

Very clear explanation. Love the animation.

[@attackdamage7105]

0:10 Red blood cell: Am I a joke to you?

[@ganibattlebeard]

tmw ur just a big protein

[@sandri8683]

@@ganibattlebeard hahaha

[@Jerry_licious]

RBC doesn't really count as a cell I think.

[@jasondeller1818]

@@Jerry_licious it has cell in its name you degenerate cow

[@charlesritchet9949]

@@Jerry_licious rbc is red blood cell

[@marjanm.hashemi5757]

perfect explanation

[@successdrake8664]

Wow Dr.Osaoji, it's a great pleasure and am so lucky i came across you on KZbin am negative now so happy thanks so much

[@zarkoff45]

Wow! This is another science fiction dream/nightmare coming true.

[@ricco3]

@@florenlebaron524 yeah right what kind of drugs are you smoking?

[@Mark-Wilson]

@@florenlebaron524 lol weed? or what what did you take lol

[@norbertfleck812]

@Yousef Mohammed Mohammed Ali Ahmed This method also allows to create biological weapons which are beyond your worst nightmares.

[@KristysEdits]

It has been 6 years.

[@annaoaulinovna]

their product is covid-19

[@Gerdaldfighterkid]

Their vaccines are this.

[@666Metalbassist]

@@annaoaulinovna that is wildly false

[@666Metalbassist]

@@gaming4K how does it change your DNA lmfao? Do you even know what mRNA is?

[@gaming4K]

@@666Metalbassist Why don't you watch his video? Than you will see what he is talking about...

[@jongbhak]

This is the best CRISPR video. Great!

[@samwu8967]

Thank you very much for the video. It is very clear and informative.

[@gimoroemma]

These are in the mystery juice these folks want to push into us!

[@outlawmaster25]

Bingo

[@aryaa3998]

This video is just amazing! Thank you for making this.

[@michaelsoliman5021]

thank your for sharing your video, now i understand what is crispr/cas 9 nd its mechanism.

[@namratajangate6353]

awesome.....Iam preparing for my seminar having subject CRISPR Cas9 .....so nice video quite helpful.

[@fatihkocibar2999]

Who is here after the Nobel Prize :))

[@Vivekguptasrk]

Me

[@sdyadavauri]

Me

[@ahmettoygunkarslgil1288]

Me

[@monicamir]

This is fake. As fake as political science they teach at MIT. This kind of research is not made like this. Those people are lying. I don't think any of such research should be done. How would they edit DNA? They will kill the live being they try to edit the DNA. This company was probably started by George Church. Read his history. He's not a scientist.

[@asmaasaad922]

Me

[@leecurtis368]

This is an amazing and powerful tool, the possibilities are endless, but when the weapon developers get hold of it, and they always do, it's frightening to think of what they will think of

[@mattythemartian3742]

I think we now know.

[@dreamer1923]

They are using this now in the so called cure for the coronavirus .

[@nithinrocks6252]

Weapon x program

[@quantum_chezburger2279]

@@dreamer1923 lmao, go ahead.

[@farmerchick3040]

Like covid 19

[@JohnnyDaines]

This is beautiful.

[@sebablacks]

Amazing, but at the same time terrific!!!!

[@scottk224]

beautifully explained and animated. love hearing about this relatively new gene editing method. Thanks!

[@gobofraggel7383]

"Brother to Demons, Brother to Gods" - I read this book many years ago. It's the story of men who use genetics to create men superior to themselves and ultimately Stargods who turn on them. We are headed in that direction.

[@APOSTLE_GASHAM]

The jabs use CRISPR

[@ansiedelport3087]

God help us forgive us this worldly sins

[@trashnaut]

Nice.

[@boss_niko]

Why do you always think negative man?

[@mauricewalker5920]

Genesis 6:4

[@brucevogelsberg3452]

Wow... What an awesome video!

[@Isteshhad]

Amazing beyond words

[@JS-ns8dr]

Watching this before an essay due tmr😅

[@Viraj_2305]

Truely awesome video.....its very easy to understand the complex mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 system....this video making effort of MIT is highly appreciable by students......hearty thanks!!

[@robertmadigan3079]

Fantastic video. Well explained.

[@eyal.herlin]

The topic is fascinating and the narrator has such a pleasant voice.

[@attepuurtinen1160]

BRO UR DOWN BAD MY GUY

[@attepuurtinen1160]

Every gene in ur body down bad my g

[@adriennegallotta2890]

For the abomination of desolation has been set up

[@oljimeagle6779]

Yes .... This will definitely not be used for evil...

[@azifri]

Thanks, this was very useful!

[@pieroxs09]

Really great visuals!!

[@ashwanikumar8105]

Thank you mam ❤️ to make me clear this biotechnology method practically ! But my one doubt is - will it be really possible to Tampere or destroy any inheridery diseases successfully .. I mean in general medical science like colour blindness what can't be cured at all ?

[@PitoVH]

Good job I can't wait for 2020....

[@tdub6542]

2020 is near and nothing seems to happen.

[@Hana-wx8gz]

@@tdub6542 Now is even closer haha

[@Jebblegee]

its 2020 and things seem even shittier :(

[@danl.4743]

@@tdub6542 And they have just used this to try fixing a child's blindness. How 'bout that!

[@bitcoin4065]

Pito how did you know?

[@shankarkunjir5477]

Fantastic application !! I believe such research should be on fast track for human applications

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@edyoucate1774]

Wow nice video, thanks for helping me understand this topic

[@rebeccacomeau7668]

Thanks for uploading this video; my professor's explanation of this left a few key components unclear - and I have a better foundation with which to improve my understanding of CRISPR's mechanism, now. One, small suggestion: if it possible for your to add a high-pass filter to the recorded audio? The 'hum' underscoring the narrator's voice makes the audio edits come across as quite choppy (like the way CRISPR cuts). It's a shame, because everything else about this is so professionally done, and it would be such an easy thing to correct!

[@edwardbayley3799]

This video is very well done! No need to dwell too much on how the technology could be abused. Science is very good at self-policing. Simply put, mad scientists do not receive funding.

[@Hfajardo97]

+Edward Bayley That's certainly not true. Oppenheimer was a scientist, look at the massacre his nukes committed. Also look at any of our other weapons of destruction, some scientists are behind a great deal of them. This stuff is cool but I support people who ensure that we don't carelessly get ahead of our ambitions because it forces the people behind scientific advancements to ensure their creations work well and have less unintended negative side effects.

[@edwardbayley3799]

+Hfajardo97 That is a good point. Strange that we live in a world in which the govt eagerly funds technologies explicitly intended to kill people, but will shy from supporting embryonic research if there is any worry it could be used to modify humans, regardless of intent. But I do still think the research in biology and medicine is well policed by the scientific community.

[@haiqasaif357]

amazing.. good explanation and video and music

[@EPCRh]

Brilliant video: excellent teaching tool in this exciting area of research and particularly topical in the light of the latest news about Layla Richards.

[@dave-huston-dublin]

Dangerous Times.

[@chefbillybaroo2056]

You should be careful you never know a tiny change at that level could be a monster exchange on our level!

[@hugoeriksson6524]

definitely, that's the point! people have had their sight restored with this technology, all by changing a few little chemical letters

[@rogerjoaquin5477]

What a great and simple video

[@ivantroybandico4799]

I love the animation! 💖💖

[@Nickel2010]

Is this used in the Covid vaccine?

[@jakeross21]

YES look up the patent

[@lindahuynh3314]

Medical advances, such as this one, makes me so eager to revolutionize medicine. We know so much, yet there is still so much to learn!

[@mariociencia12]

Very interesting video! And thanks a lot for the English subtitle!

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@JGTB95]

Amazing explanation and animation!

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@douglaspinsak1246]

Does it occur to anybody that we should not be doing this?

[@James-uu6xs]

Jurassic Park? 😆

[@abbedidriss5189]

Gattaca anyone

[@dhvanimodi3225]

Yesssss

[@radharajput3123]

very informative and precisely explained.

[@mazurikiaroslavcseacpuradj5811]

It's just incredible!

[@tonyotis1]

If a person with an early stages of cancer, is it possible to scan DNA for cells that maybe developing cancer, repair the DNA into a health cells.

[@royalrangew8]

I believe a CRISPR trial will be underway later this year, but the technique won't be used on cancer cells. They will be used on healthy cells belonging to the immune system as a form of immunotherapy - the cells will be modified to effectively recognise cancerous cells in a patient and ultimately destroy them.

[@drgreenthumb7111]

Awesome and scary!

[@boss_niko]

AWESOME ONLY

[@marypecar9364]

Excellent video!

[@thegugalopes]

Sempre achei fantástica essa descoberta, e comento com meus colegas do IFRJ - Campus Duque de Caxias.

[@AdventInnovative]

This is the pinnacle of medical technology. It can fix anything..

[@rawlity7869]

It cannot save your soul. Seek JESUS in His Word, until it's too late.

[@Mark-Wilson]

@@rawlity7869 the soul is not real we can tehcncialyl make someone with diffrent mental disabilities or abilities that slike cotnrolling soul if it was true then how do the soul work how does it form stop coming tos cientific videos with religious idiocy grow up anybody witht ruth in their suername usualyl is pretty dumb and far froma ctualt ruth

[@Mark-Wilson]

@@chelee9261 ? lose what?? what does that have tod o with jesus this is revoltuinoary tehcnolgoy that can fix all medical usse sone day evne cancer or aging my dude this is the future

[@persephone2706]

The animation is fantastic but I always wonder what it truly looks like... I bet it would be life changing if there was any way to be able to witness the process with one's own eyes, or merely witnessing DNA itself. Even knowing how life occurs and what constitutes it, it's still all so undeniably wondrous. 🧬☄🌍

[@Matetas-gv8lj]

you see the video of atpase in action? INSANE kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5ardHR8gMaKg5o its the gamma subunit rotating, producing the energy of life ATP

[@TS-uh3ig]

Elohim - Jesus - Wonderful Creator of all. He is life changing and you can witness Him and have a relationship with your Creator yourself.

[@MichaelBrown-hc6iu]

Well crispr cas 9 is smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so it literally "looks" like nothing; it cant be seen. But I CAN tell you what DNA looks like. Its very gloopy, gluggy, like really thick mucus or slime. If you stick a glass hook into the testube and draw the DNA out it forms very long strings, so not like normal slime, its like . . . stringy slime. The molecules are extremely long so can be drawn out a long way.

[@MOHITKWATRA]

nicely and precisely explained

[@troutwarrior6735]

Took a couple watches to completely get it, but this is great!

[@theantireaper]

So crispr is like sql injection.

[@vmikeyboi323]

haha this gave me a good laugh, id like to think so, buts a postive thing, unlike sql injection

[@FutureAIDev2015]

Hehe I guess that's an accurate analogy!

[@tejas1205]

Brave new world we are living in

[@klhuffman2285]

Absolutely mind blowing

[@biologydotai]

One of the best video.

[@saved1580]

This is the omen of Mystery Babylon final days. To blemish the original genome in the pretext of cure. Good for you, you are fulfilling prophecy written thousands of years ago.

[@ultravidz]

The technology is here! Now let us refrain from doing anything useful with it for 30+ years.

[@Nicistarful]

+AlphaOmega Or better! Let the people who go and say: "Oi, don't do that it's ethically not correct, waah" Rule over everything! Seriously though instead of doing good we're just biting ourselves in the arse...

[@masterchef1837]

+The Renegade Programmer Doctors thought the same about Thalidomide

[@robertmcanany6397]

+The Renegade Programmer I can understand your sentiment here, but let's be honest. There truly are some people out there that would fall into the "mad scientist" category. If there aren't tight controls on this type of technology, its potential for abuse/misuse is staggering. Instead of repairing damaged/mutated DNA in humans, what's to stop some black-book government program from adding things to the human genome that doesn't belong there? Sci-fi movies about genetically modified super soldiers become a reality. I agree that the trials portion of these types of technologies can seem to take far too long, but to simply remove those restrictions may end up causing more harm that good.

[@bighands69]

Who gets to decide what is ethical and what is not ethical. And who gets to decide what is right to use these technologies on. If there was this approach to vaccines or antibiotics they would never have been used and it may have been the 1960s or 70s before they got implemented. It is OK to say we must be careful but what is careful. Any research can in effect cause massive problems.

[@joshuavallejos3173]

My brother suggests that depopulation is the solution to the worlds current issues. obviously mankind has reached a stage where depopulation will bring no form of ultimate solution. we are at the verge of the next human evolution. and depopulating humanity will be like killing dogs off it will be so irrelevant if our children are genetically being modified to be something off form the current standard of what is considered human kind today. Robert what do you think? I believe reeducating people and developing anew form of sustainable society is the only way to press humanity forward. Government has to change, peoples way of thinking has to change and a new form of energy.

[@mikeheffernan]

Totally incredible!

[@user-ph8jd8dk6y]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qne0iKedpdR8rbc

[@seanmortazyt]

amazing animation . bravo.

[@tomlee6263]

It can also be used to cause disease...

[@veeraprasadh7789]

Great ideas, hopefully it will be successful soon, you are really the live gods, hats off to you scientists🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@rawlity7869]

Genesis 3:4-5 KJV "And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil." + 2 Corinthians 11:3 KJV "But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ." + Ecclesiastes 1:9 KJV "There is no new thing under the sun." + John 8:44 KJV "Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it." + Revelation 12:9 KJV "And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world" + Isaiah 45:5 KJV "I am the Lord, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me"

[@rakanr7951]

Very helpful video, thanks

[@marriechrissievalley4650]

Thank you. It is very important to know and important to stress that we are aiming to cure genetic diseases.

[@josueguzman9106]

biotechnology ❤👌❤👌❤👌

[@dLimboStick]

There's no way we could ever fuck this up. Never!

[@sbellaharris]

We do, we always do. We have monetary system and the patenting system that came from it. They are fighting for the patent, people who clean our streets will never be able to afford it.

[@elladreames6958]

dLimboStick practice makes perfect.

[@Estoniran]

if it weren't for the "monetary system", which I think you are using the mean the free market, there would be no incentive for companies to develop new technologies. Even worse though, without a free market there would be no competition and prices would remain high. Look at your smartphone, when it was first being developed it likely costed over a hundred thousand dollars, and now can be bought for a couple hundred

[@MishaFlower]

+Estoniran Do people really think there is such a thing as a system where there is nothing but rainbows and sharing?

[@yanadoodle6065]

well... we already did that...

[@bandubhute6340]

in which software you animate the videos please give us information about that

[@catalina6024]

Thanks, very consice explanation!

[@MFJL760]

Can crispr be used to edit the DNA of cancer cells to make them self destruct?

[@jyotsnakhithani2241]

yes but it's impossible for an adult as each and every malignant cell has to be genetically edited